Philippine College of Criminology
THE STATUS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) IN POLICE-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP
_____________
A Thesis
Proposal Presented to the
Faculty of College of Criminology
_____________
In Partial Fulfillment for the
Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Submitted by
Jacob, Mark Lester P.
March, 2011
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate to the following who significantly helped me in
completing this thesis. my parents, who gave me the appreciation of
learning and taught me the value of perseverance and hard work, My
mother Teresita P. Jacob, for her overall support and understanding,
while completing this reaserch study, to my father Odilon R. Jacob, for
giving his support ,motivation and encouragement inspired me in the
preparations of this thesis. To my entire classmates especially to all the
4c4 section for their unselfish support by providing their knowledge and
help that greatly contributed to the accomplishment of this work , lastly to
the creator almighty Jesus Christ for giving me the power and life to
continue life’s never ending pursuit to learn.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a pleasure to thank those who made this thesis possible who in one way or another help in the realization of this research.
To our immediate family, wife, sons and daughters who were always loving, kind, and understanding, providing us hope and inspiration.
To our ever admired and respected adviser, DR. MERCEDES A. FORONDA, for endowing us her unrelenting guidance and support.
To PROF. LINDON AGAS , for allowing us to pursue this study for us to grow and succeed in our chosen field endeavor.
To our colleagues and friends for their valuable input in this study.
And above all, to our God Almighty who gave us courage, passion and determination to complete this study
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page ………………………………………………… i
Dedication……… ……………………………………….. ii
Acknowledgement ..…………………………………….. iii
Table of contents. ………………………………………. iv
Abstract…..………………………………………………. v
CHAPTER I
I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………… 1
A. Theoretical and conceptual framework ……. 3
B. Statement of the Problem …………………… 8
C. Hypothesis ……………………………………. 9
D. Significance of the Study ……………………. 9
E. Scope and Limitation ………………………… 10
F. Definition of Terms……………………………. 11
CHAPTER II
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES SYNTHESIS
A. Synthesis …………...….…………………… 15
III. METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design ……………..………………. 22
B. Sampling Design………….…………………… 23
C. Instrumentation ……….………………………. 24
D. Collection of data ……………………………. 24
E. Statistical Treatment ….………….…………… 25
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
During the past previous years even up to these present times, we can still
noticed as the headlines dictates that crimes particularly against persons and property
continuous to increase, most of the public schools suffers from fraternity/gang wars,
several neighborhood were no longer safe for living, some barangays had difficulties in
sustaining peace and order even within their local subordinates and many young
individuals failed to realized their worth, thus, deflecting to illegal drug use.
These predicaments were just only part of the many dilemmas that our Country
must handle, a problem that could had been resolved if and only the community will
took its part to help in the resolution said issues for if there is an organized community
partnership it will develop relationships within individuals, neighborhoods, the faith
community, and other agencies to identifies problems and issues and then work
together to develop solutions.
Among the agencies that must be involved in the development and enhancement
of a successful community partnership was the Philippine National Police particularly
thru its Police Community Relations Branch which was presently governed and guided
by the Eight Foundation Initiatives Policy wherein the enhancement of the Police-
Community Partnership was one of the major concerns as emphasized by the present
Chief PNP, PDG RAUL BACALZO.
In fact, several programs were already launch by the PNP just to bring closer the
police to the community it serves such as the creation of the Community Oriented
Policing System, Barangay Peace Keeping Action Team (BPATs) and most specially
the SAMBAYAN programs from which all were envisions to a) to strengthen police-
community partnership in addressing peace and order concerns, b) to organize and
mobilize sectors of the community as a united front against threat to peace and security
and c) to help empower and develop people. But the question was still there, “DO THIS
PROGRAMS WERE REALLY IMPLEMENTED AND EFFECTIVE ENOUGH?”
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is focused on measuring the extent of partnership
between the PNP and the Community ,
1. What are the programs of the PNP in maintaining harmonious
relationship with the community?
1.1 Ugnayan sa Barangay
1.2 Health Services
1.3 Anti Drug Campaign
1.4 Media Relation
2. As perceived by the respondents, to what extent on the aforementioned
programs are implemented?
2..1 Extent said PNP programs were implemented
2..2 Efficiency of the PNP in implementing police-community programs
2..2 Effectiveness of the PNP program.
3. How significant is the perception made by the three (3) group of
respondents on the extent to which the aforementioned programs are implemented.?
4. What are the common problem encountered by the respondents in the
implementation of the aforementioned programs?
Hypothesis of the Study
The study will prove the following null hypothesis;, to wit:
1. There is no significant difference in the evaluation made by the three (3)
group of respondents on the status of the PNP Community Partnership in terms of :
1.1 Extent said PNP programs were implemented.
1.2 Efficiency of the PNP in implementing police-community programs.
1.3 Effectiveness of the PNP program.
Importance of the Study
This Study will benefit the following sectors: to wit:
PNP Administration. The finding of the study will be used by the officers and
men in the formulation of policies and enhancement on the development in community
partnership.
Personnel. The PNP personnel particularly assigned with Police Community
Relation Branch will also benefited with this study since they serve as a the front-liner
unit in dealing with police-community interaction and implementing PNP planned
program of activities specially on crime prevention.
Community . To the community namely the Barangay of Sta. Monica, Bagbag
and Nagkaisang Nayon, wherefrom police services begins and end, this study represent
the PNP’s continuing attempts to improve delivery of basic police services through a
more effective crime prevention program anchored upon police-community
relationships, thus, will more likely to reveal how responsive the two-way
communication between the police and the community could be firmly established with
the end on view of attaining better peace and order situation in or communities and
consequently, to identify the extent to which this programs and activities were being
implemented.
Media .-------------------------------------
Scope and Delimitation
This study focuses mainly on measuring the extent of partnership
between the PNP and the Community resulting from the existing PNP programs such
as Ugnayan sa Barangay,Health Services ,Anti Drug Campaign, Media Relation being
implemented by the PNP personnel of Novaliches Police Station-4 particularly at three
(3) selected barangays namely Sta. Monica, Bagbag and Nagkaisang Nayon. The
variables included are extent said PNP programs were implemented, efficiency of the
PNP in implementing police-community programs and effectiveness of the PNP
programs. This study covered a period of Five (5) years , from 2005 -2010. Three (3)
group of respondents composed of Five (5) PNP personnel , Ten (10) people and
Three (3) Media Personalities from the community.
Definition of terms
For the purpose of clarity and to avoid any ambiguities the following terms are
defined in the context by which they are used in this study to serve as common frame of
reference between the researcher and the reader:
Police Community Relations – are complicated and constantly, changing interactions
between representatives of the police organizations and an assortment of governmental
agencies, public groups, and private individuals representing a wide range of competing
and often conflicting interest.
Community Oriented Policing - is a philosophy which allows a law enforcement
agency and citizens to work together to solve problems of crime and social conflicts and
ultimately improve the quality of life in that community. It requires both law enforcement
and the community to change many of their perceptions and expectations of policing.
Crime - as a legal concept, refers to act or omission punishable by law, and as a
behavioral maladjustment- an act which is considered as undesirable.
Community – is the sum total of all individuals or citizens in a particular place having
no particular territorial boundary and could be segmented on the basis of their purpose
or nature (such as the business community, the religious community, and others).
Crime Prevention – refers to the measures that are taken to reduce criminal
opportunity and criminal victimization.
Strategy – refers to techniques of doing something and designed to avoid
obstacles that would result to failure.
Concept – is defined as a generalized idea or notion about the nature or a thing a way
of thinking or an event.
Effectiveness – refers to the ability of an action or things to produce the desired effect
or result.
Development Plants/Programs - are future actions intended to be done with the
objective of attaining development goals. Programs are sequence of actions to done to
complete a task event or action.
Participation - means involvements or the process of being included.
Police Public Information – refers to an activity that makes the public understand why
the police agency performs as it does and endeavors that such public be supportive of
that performance.
Interdependence - as used in this study refers to the network status created by the
community in providing the neighborhood police with necessary logistical and moral
support.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES SYNTHESIS
CHAPTER III
THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH AND PROOCEDURE
This chapter discusses the methods of research employed by the researcher to
gather the needed data. It includes the Research design, sampling technique, the
instruments used with its construction, validation, administration and retrieval, and the
statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
This study will employ the Descriptive Method of research. Carter and Good
defines it as a process of gathering facts concerning nature and status of anything that
is of interest and important. It is also useful when the investigation wishes to known or
capture the process which explains the characteristics and behavior of a person, group
or institution under investigation.
This Study will focused on the assessment on the extent of the police-community
relationship between Police Station 4 personnel and the community consigned within
three (3) selected Barangays of Novaliches Proper, Novaliches, Quezon City such as
Sta. Monica, Bagbag and Nagkaisang Nayon in the hope to come up with the baseline
data that would be used as a guide for more effective programs that would help
enhance the already existing police-community partnership.
Respondents
The researchers of the study will have fifty (50) respondents consisting of
Barangay Officials, Businessman, Government employee, Security Guards, Law
Enforcers and other citizens from every Barangay for at least a one (1) month. The
researchers believed that this people would be a great help in the evaluation of the
extent and effectiveness of PNP programs being implemented and conducted by
Police Station 4 (Novaliches Police Station) at Barangay of Sta. Monica, Bagbag and
Nagkaisang Nayon, Novaliches, Quezon City.
Sampling Technique
Choosing of respondents will be done at a random state, wherein during the
observation phase at the site were PNP programs were usually conducted, four (4)
pages questionnaire will be randomly distributed among Barangay Officials, Law
Enforcers, Businessmen, Traffic Enforcers, Government employees, and other civilian
personnel present at said vicinity.
Instrument Used
To gather the needed data, the following instruments were employed:
1. Questionnaire: It was the primary source of data. It contained questions
designed to answer the problems stated in Chapter 1. The respondents check the
blank space that corresponds to their perspective answer. The responses were
given numerical values which were subsequently computed using the appropriate
statistical tool.
2. Interview: This is the secondary source of data. The unstructured interviews
were conducted personally, yet informally by the researcher to augment the
questionnaire.
3. Observation: This is another secondary source of data. The direct
observations by the researcher helped in their analysis of the data and gave weight
to the veracity of the answer in the questionnaire.
Construction of the Instrument
To formulate the concept and framework of the study, and to determine the
variables and indicators to be used, the researcher will read literatures and studies
related to the subject of the study. The researcher prepared the initial draft of the
questionnaire based on these readings and showed this draft to their adviser whom in
turn suggested some minor changes, additions and deletions.
Validation of Instrument
The researchers will pre-test the instrument to fifty (50) respondents who were
not among the chosen respondents. The purpose of this try-out was to find several
vague confusing items in the questionnaire. The result of the pre-test was considered in
the revision for the final draft.
Administration and Retrieval of the Questionnaire
The researcher will ask for the approval of the Commanding Officer to float the
questionnaire. Once approved, it was personally administered. Likewise, with the help
from several colleagues in the department, the groups were able to obtain one hundred
percent (100%) retrieval.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data that will be yield at a given questionnaire and will be tallied, tabulated
and subjected to statistical treatment in order to ensure validity, reliability and objective
in the interpretation of the result.
Common cases will be investigated, several problems encountered, the frequency
and percentage distribution will be applied in order to determine the personal profile of
the respondent.
To determine the effectiveness of performance as to mission, vision and function,
the weighted mean was applied. The responses of the respondents will be categorized
into five and will be given corresponding weights which will be multiplied by the number
of replies in each category and will be added and then divided from the sum of the
product.
To qualify, the responses on the rating scale, the five-point Likert Scale method of
measuring attitudes will be utilized. Each statement has five responses. In this study,
the responses will be under the degree of frequency with weight of 5,4,3,2 and 1. The
respondents reacted to every perception item by checking one out of five possible
answer or response. Thus, the score was the sum of the weight of the responses
checked.
Formula:
1. Frequency and perception distribution
P = _____ f ______ x 100
N
Where:
f = Frequency
N = No. of respondents
2. Weighted Mean
Wx = ___Wx___
N
Where:
Wx = Sum of the product of the frequency
N = No. of respondents
The equivalent point assigned to each indicate item and extent to existence of
each weighted average, which becomes the verb description:
Weighted Mean: Verbal Interpretation:
4.50 - 5.0 - 5 Very Effective
3.50 - 4.49 - 4 Effective
2.50 - 3.49 - 3 Moderately Effective
1.50 - 2.49 - 2 Ineffective
1.0 - 1.49 - 1 Very Ineffective
Appendix 1:
Sample Questionnaire
1. Profile of the respondents
Direction: Read every statement carefully and indicate which options apply to you.
Please check the items applicable to you.
1.1 Gender:
____ Male
____ Female
1.2 Age:
____20 - 30
____30 – 40
____40 - 50
____50 – 60
1.3 Civil Status:
____Married
____Single
____Widow / or
____Separated
1.4 Highest educational attainment
____ High School Level
____ High School Graduate
____ College Level
____ College Graduate
____ Some units in Master’s Program
____ Master’s Degree holder
____ With (LLB and LLB units)
1.5 Job Description
______ Law Enforcer
______ Government Employee
______ Baranggay Officials
______ Businessman
______ Driver
______ NGO’s
1.6 Length of service:
____ 1 – 5 years
____ 6 – 10 years
____ 11- 15 years
____ 16 – 20 years
____ 21 – 25 years
____ 26 – 30 years
____ 31 above years
2. What are the programs being implemented by Novaliches Police Station that
help enhance police-community partnership? How effective are these programs?
______ Conduct of Ugnayan/Dialogues to develop community
awareness.
_______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective
______ Conduct of lectures/seminars to increase knowledge on
illegal drugs, crime prevention and abuse.
_______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective
______ Conduct of Pro-Active Operations.
_______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective
______ Conduct of police visibility on crime prone areas.
_______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective
______ Immediate response for assistance.
_______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective
3. What are the common problems encountered by the respondents in the
implementation of the aforementioned PNP programs and activities?
_____ Lack of budget.
_____ Lack of cooperation and interest among civilian citizens.
_____ Overworked personnel.
_____ More Programs than personnel can handle.
_____ Wrong conceptual premise on implementation.
_____ Some Components of the PNP programs have little or no effect at all police community relationship buildup.
_____ Measures success in terms of the activities it had accomplished without regard to the impact of the activities to the populace.
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