The Native American The Native American WarsWars

Chapter 13, Section 3Chapter 13, Section 3

The Dakota Sioux UprisingThe Dakota Sioux Uprising

• First major clash on the Plains.• Started August 1862 in reaction to

starvation caused by unpaid annuities.• After traders refused to help to feed the

people, Dakota chief Little Crow reluctantly agreed to lead the uprising.

• Eventually, 307 Dakota were arrested, 38 of which were executed on December 26th, 1862.

Fetterman’s Massacre Fetterman’s Massacre

• Took place along the Bozeman Trail in December 1866 in reaction to white invasion of Native hunting grounds.

• William Fetterman and 80 troops were lured into a trap by Crazy Horse of the Lakota Sioux.

• All 80 troops were killed.

Sand CreekSand Creek

• In November 1864, Black Kettle and several hundred Cheyenne came to Fort Lyon to negotiate a peace.

• Colonel John Chivington attacked the Cheyenne camped at Sand Creek.

• Anywhere from 69 to 600 men, women and children were killed.

• “The foulest and most unjustifiable crime in the annals of America.”

Indian Peace CommissionIndian Peace Commission

• Proposed two large reservations on the Plains in 1867.

• Was doomed for failure because Chiefs were forced into signing the treaty.

• Conditions on the reservation were similar to those on the Dakota reservation.

Battle of Little BighornBattle of Little Bighorn

• Lakota left these reservations in 1876 after large numbers miners came to the Black Hill.

• Custer invaded 2,500 Lakota and Cheyenne near the Bighorn Mountains in Montana.

• Led by Sitting Bull, the 210 man detachment was destroyed “in the time it takes a white man to eat his lunch.”

• Last large resistance by Native Americans.

““Ghost Dance”Ghost Dance”

• Invented by a Paiute man named Wovoka

• Natives believed that it would bring back their traditional way of life.

• Government outlawed the Ghost Dance, blaming it for recent Indian resistance.

Wounded KneeWounded Knee

• The Lakota continued to perform the Ghost Dance anyways, angering the U.S. Government

• Sitting Bull was blamed, and gunfire broke out when he was being arrested.

• On December 29th, around 200 Lakota men, women and children were killed at Wounded Knee Creek.

• Wounded Knee marks the very end of the Native American Wars.

AssimilationAssimilation

• Assimilation-Attempt of the whites to make Native’s become part of “American” society.

• Dawes Act-tried to help natives by giving them land to farm.

• Many native children were sent to boarding schools.

Test ReviewTest Review

• Quartz and Placer mining• Comstock Lode• Dry Farming• Homestead Act of 1862• Vigilance Committees• Wheat Belt• Ghost Dance• Dawes Act

• Boomtowns• Chisolm Trail• Joseph Glidden• Joseph McCoy• Wavoka• Sitting Bull• Stephen Long• Little Crow