The FAO COmpOnenT OF The 2010 COnsOlidATed AppeAls€¦ · FAO EmErgEnCy And rEhAbilitAtiOn...

The FAO COmpOnenT OF The 2010 COnsOlidATed AppeAls

preparing for, and responding to,food and agricul ture threats and emergencies

www. fao.o rg /emergenc ies

The FAO Component of the 2010 Consolidated Appeals

Published byEmergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome 2009

Additional information on FAO’s emergency activities is available at:www.fao.org/emergencies

Photographs courtesy of:

Cover: FAO/24651_0268/G. Napoletano.

Pg. 2/FAO/24651_0268/G. Napoletano; pg. 3/FAO/24651_1770/G. Napoletano; pg. 10/FAO/11539/H. Chazine; pg. 11/FAO/11536/H. Chazine;

pg. 16/FAO/C01-P037-B-[076_13]/M. Marzot; pg. 17/FAO/C06-P179-B-[035_10]/M. Marzot; pg. 24/FAO/24665_0219/G. Napolitano;

pg. 25/FAO/24665_0713/G. Napolitano; pg. 28/FAO/24679_0238/S. Maina; pg. 29/FAO/23208/C. Shirley; pg. 32/FAO/DSC_0365/G. Simeon;

pg. 33/FAO/G. Bizzari; pg. 40/FAO/Somalia Field Team; pg. 41/FAO/Somalia Field Team; pg. 46/FAO/B47F5332/J. Cendon; pg. 47/FAO/B47F6188/J. Cendon;

pg. 56/Pentecostal Churches of Uganda; pg. 57/FAO/J. Draaijer; pg. 64/FAO/G. Napolitano; pg. 65/FAO/24664_5201/A. Benedetti; pg. 74/FAO/J. Seitz;

pg. 75/FAO/J. Seitz; pg. 82/FAO/C. Ferrand; pg. 83/FAO/H. Hafez; pg. 88/FAO/24690-0013/D. Kwande; and pg. 89/FAO/DSCN26666/ M. Samajo.

Information for this brochure mostly originates from OCHA’s ‘2010 Humanitarian Appeals’ documentation.

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© FAO 2009

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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

Acronyms and abbreviations ................................................................. ii

Foreword ............................................................................................... v

2010 Consolidated Appeals

Introduction ...........................................................................................1

Afghanistan ............................................................................................3

Central African Republic ......................................................................11

Chad ....................................................................................................17

Democratic Republic of the Congo ......................................................25

Kenya ...................................................................................................29

Nepal ...................................................................................................33

Somalia ................................................................................................41

Sudan ..................................................................................................47

Uganda ................................................................................................57

West Africa ..........................................................................................65

West Bank and Gaza Strip ....................................................................75

Yemen .................................................................................................83

Zimbabwe ............................................................................................89

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A C R O N Y M S A N D A B B R E V I A T I O N S

ACDA Agence centrafricaine de développement agricole (Central African Republic)ACF Action contre la faimACORD Agency for Cooperation and Research in DevelopmentACTED Agency for Technical Cooperation and DevelopmentADRA Adventist Development and Relief AgencyAgritex Agricultural Technical and Extension ServiceAMA Assistance Mission AfricaAIDS Acquired Immuno-Deficiency SyndromeANADER Agence nationale d’appui au développement ruraleAPFS Agropastoralist Field SchoolARC American Red CrossASB Arbeiter-Smariter-Bund BALACD Bureau for the Study and Liaison of Church Development ActivitiesCAHW Community animal health workerCAP Consolidated Appeals ProcessCBO Community-based organizationCBDRR Community-based distaster risk managementCBPP Contagious bovine pleuropneumoniaCCF Christian Children’s FellowshipCILSS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the SahelCISV Comunitá Impegno Servizio VolontarioCOOPI Cooperazione InternazionaleCPB Colorado potato beetleCRS Catholic Relief Services DAP Diammonium phosphateDAPP Development Aid from People to PeopleECOWAS Economic Community of West African StatesFACHIG Farmers’ Association of Community Self-Help Investment GroupsFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFAR Fellowship for African ReliefFFS Farmer Field SchoolFMD Foot-and-mouth diseaseFSAC Food Security and Agriculture Cluster

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FNC Forests National Corporation (the Sudan)FSAL Food Security and Agricultural Livelihoods Cluster (Uganda)FSNAU Somalia Food Security and Nutrition Analysis UnitFYF Fashoda Youth ForumGAA German AgroActionGBV Gender-based violenceHAI HelpAge InternationalHIV Human Immuno-Deficiency VirusHPAI Highly Pathogenic Avian InfluenzaIASC Interagency Standing CommitteeIDP Internally displaced personIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesIOM International Organization for MigrationIPC Integrated Food Security and Humanitarian Phase ClassificationIPM Integrated pest managementIRA Islamic Relief AgencyIRC International Rescue CommitteeIRD International Relief and DevelopmentIRW Islamic Relief WorldwideKAEDS Kutum Agricultural Extension and Development SocietyLRA Lord’s Resistance ArmyMACOSET Masvingo Community Skills Empowerment TrustMAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (the Sudan)MARF Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries (the Sudan)MDA Manicaland Development AssociationMDR Ministère du développement rural (Mauritania)NGO Non-governmental organizationNRC Norwegian Refugee CouncilOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsOIE World Organisation for Animal HealthONDR Office national de développement rural (Chad)PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (the West Bank and Gaza Strip)

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PENYA Practical Empowerment and Networking Youth AssociationPEP Post-exposure prophylaxisPPR Peste des petits ruminants PRODABO Programme de développement rural décentralisé d’Assoungha, de Biltine et d’OuaraPU Première UrgenceRHU Reproductive Health UgandaRVF Rift Valley feverSECADEV Secours Catholique et DéveloppementSSRRC Southern Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation CommitteeTAD Transboundary animal diseaseTPO Transcultural Psychosocial OrganizationUN United NationsUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNFPA United Nations Population FundUNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations Children’s FundVDC Village Development CommitteeWFP World Food ProgrammeWHO World Health OrganizationZimVAC Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment CommitteeZWRDT Zimbabwe Women Rural Development Trust

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F O R E W O R D

FAO EmErgEnCy And rEhAbilitAtiOn prOgrAmmEs undEr thE 2010 COnsOlidAtEd AppEAls

The Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP) provides life-saving and time-critical support to millions of crisis-affected men, women and children around the world. Three quarters of these people live in rural areas and depend mainly on agriculture for their food security and income. Timely support to rural households, enabling them to continue or restart agricultural production is therefore a vital pre-condition for rapid, effective and durable recovery.

This document summarizes contributions of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to the 13 appeals prepared in close consultation with partners for the 2010 CAP. It includes a brief overview of the agriculture and food security requirements in each situation, together with highlights of FAO’s response and funding needs for: Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Nepal, Somalia, the Sudan, Uganda, West Africa, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Yemen and Zimbabwe.

The majority of appeals in this year’s CAP refer to protracted crises that have continued for a number of years. While this bears witness to the scale of the challenge faced by communities, governments and humanitarian partners to build sustainable exit strategies, there are strong signs of progress. For example, in addition to the core focus on timely asset replacement, many of FAO’s contributions include increased emphasis on building the capacity of local and national actors to prepare and respond to agricultural threats and emergencies and heightened attention towards disaster risk management.

There is also a strong emphasis on building humanitarian coordination capacities, often in close collaboration with the World Food Programme (WFP) and FAO’s other humanitarian partners. Stronger coordination mechanisms at country and local levels will ensure improved needs-based responses and increase humanitarian impact, contributing to both the rapid availability of food and the timely restoration of agricultural livelihoods.

We have a moral imperative to help farmers, pastoralists and fishers affected by crises to re-establish their food production capacity, because it is their lifeline. The extent to which FAO will be able to respond to this imperative will in part depend on the contribution of the donor community. We hope that your commitment will remain strong.

Laurent Thomas

DirectorFAO Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division

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FAO’s role in emergenciesSome 75 percent of the poorest people in the developing world depend on agriculture for their way of life. They rely on farming, fishing, livestock-raising and forest-based resources to feed themselves, their families and their communities. It is a precarious existence. During conflict or when a disaster strikes, these people are often the worst affected. Supporting agriculture is therefore an integral part of overall humanitarian assistance.

Within the United Nations (UN) system, FAO is the lead agency for agriculture and promotes a sustainable approach to food security. In response to emergencies, FAO protects and rebuilds agricultural livelihoods with the aim of restoring local food production and bolstering self-reliance. This approach provides an exit from food aid and other forms of costly assistance and reduces the adoption of harmful coping strategies such as selling assets, migration and forced and/or abusive labour.

In concert with other UN agencies, humanitarian partners and governments, FAO undertakes rapid needs assessments, formulates response strategies, and manages agricultural protection and recovery programmes.

FAO’s emergency activities include the distribution of material assets, such as seeds, fishing equipment, veterinary medicines, livestock and tools, as well as repairs to vital agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation systems.

FAO also offers more specialized assistance such as emergency seed multiplication, training of community animal health workers (CAHWs) to save livestock and control diseases, educating AIDS-affected orphans in farming techniques and other initiatives to foster resilience and improve food security. These programmes build on the knowledge and skills of vulnerable people so they are able to cope better with future shocks. The goal is to increase self-reliance and lay the foundation for recovery.

FAO is also a trusted source of information on agriculture, food security and nutrition and provides partners with technical and coordination assistance.

mAjOr dOnOrs from 1 November 2008 to 31 October 2009

FAO Emergency and rehabilitation programme

usd (million)

European Commission 360,207,180OChA 27,091,293united states of America 17,193,833 sweden 12,494,113

un trust Fund – democratic republic of the Congo

11,573,109

spain 10,526,351 netherlands 9,872,179 belgium 9,669,795 norway 9,355,924 italy 8,785,854 un trust Fund - sudan 8,576,738FAO 7,394,251 Qatar Charity 3,948,485 World bank 3,467,560un trust Fund - iraq 3,300,000un trust Fund - lebanon 2,500,000Canada 2,397,569Austria 2,166,633 japan 2,044,990undp 1,867,119iFAd 1,518,600uniCEF 1,441,895un trust Fund - nicaragua 1,386,973Australia 1,290,672switzerland 1,186,839France 1,066,111

Introduction

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“Some 42 percent of the population lives on less than

1 USD per day”

backgroundConditions in Afghanistan have continued to deteriorate throughout 2009. An escalation in armed conflict has decreased civilian security, inhibited access to basic services and slowed the delivery of humanitarian aid. Civilian casualties in the first six months of 2009 were 24 percent higher than the first half of 2008 – a year in which losses of innocent lives had already climbed by 40 percent over the previous year. Continued insecurity and election-related violence claimed a further 624 lives in August and September 2009 alone.

Over 256 000 Afghans are internally displaced and nearly 2.5 million refugees remain abroad, primarily in Pakistan and Iran. The effects of conflict and insecurity have disproportionately impacted women and other vulnerable groups, frequently subject to human rights abuses and inequalities that widely go unpunished. An estimated 40 percent of the country cannot be reached by relief operations due to general security threats and increased targeting of humanitarian partners.

The country is highly prone to recurrent natural hazards and climatic extremes, including severe winter weather, plant and animal pests and diseases, earthquakes, drought and flooding. Extensive losses to livelihoods caused by natural disasters and conflict combined with the global hike in food costs have taken an enormous toll on the country’s extreme poor. Some 42 percent of the population lives on less than USD 1 per day and more than half is either chronically (31 percent) or borderline (23 percent) food insecure.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsImproving food security in Afghanistan will largely depend on the ability of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), refugees and families affected by disasters to resume their farming activities. Agriculture provides the main source of livelihood for over 80 percent of the population. However, year-on-year crop and livestock losses caused by human-made and natural disasters have increasingly diminished the capacity of farmers to meet the food needs of their families. Although food costs have stabilized, they remain 40-45 percent above pre-crisis levels and account for an average of 67 percent of household spending.

Despite projections for a good harvest in 2009, recurrent drought, flooding, earthquakes and intensified conflict throughout the year have caused food security to remain a priority need in 2010. Decades of conflict have forced millions to abandon their agricultural activities and land.

Afghanistan

FAO intends to distribute wheat seeds and fertilizers to enable vulnerable farming

families to resume food production

3

Recurrent drought and water shortages continue to threaten key food production areas and subsistence farmers. Plant disease and pests, such as locusts and melon fly, are also a major source of annual losses to staple and cash crops. Thousands of households lack quality seeds and fertilizers for the upcoming agricultural seasons and will be unable to plant if these essential inputs do not reach them on time.

Livestock provide a vital source of food, income and draught power for Afghan farmers – and are often their sole lifeline in times of crisis. Endemic animal diseases and lack of veterinary services, grazing pastures and fodder are causing low productivity, livestock deaths and, consequently, devastating economic losses. Many farmers are forced to sell their surviving animals at low cost, plunging them into deeper food insecurity.

FAO responseDespite elevated needs in the sector, agriculture interventions remain severely underfunded. Increased investment in the recovery of rural livelihoods will be paramount to securing the positive agricultural gains achieved in 2009, lessening dependency on food aid and increasing the population’s resilience to future shocks.

With donor support, the distribution of certified wheat seeds and fertilizers will enable IDPs, refugees and drought-affected farming families to immediately resume food production. Focus will also lie in strengthening the development of alternative agricultural livelihoods, offering farmers the opportunity to move from subsistence to market agriculture. The start up of gardens and provision of nutrition education will benefit vulnerable households, feeding centres and hospitals and maximize their use of locally available foods.

From the 2009/10 to 2010/11 winter seasons, the provision of concentrate feed will protect the animals of thousands of families that depend solely or primarily on livestock for their livelihood. Animal and plant pests and diseases will also be addressed by implementing control measures and building capacity in surveillance and response at community and institutional levels. Importantly, support to coordination activities of the Food Security and Agriculture Cluster will strengthen the effectiveness of humanitarian response and ensure that timely assistance reaches communities most in need.

A F G H A N I S T A N

Total Requirement for CAP 2009:USD 13 468 720

Total funding of Afghanistan Emergency Programme: USD 25 619 263 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

FundedUSD 6 147 27746%

UnfundedUSD 7 321 443

54%

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prOpOsAls: FAO EmErgEnCy And rEhAbilitAtiOn AssistAnCE total funding requested: usd 20 314 060

Emergency support to vulnerable, food insecure farming families in Afghanistan through the provision of quality wheat seed and fertilizer, and through diversification of agricultural livelihoods and income-generating activities

Objectives:

To boost the food security of returnees, IDPs and vulnerable farming communities for the spring/autumn 2010 and spring 2011 planting seasons through the provision of improved wheat seed and fertilizer; the diversification of agricultural livelihoods and income-generating activities that will increase the income of vulnerable households; and strengthening the capacity of local communities and beneficiaries to ensure sustainable production and livelihoods.

Activities:

Assist 60 000 farming families that lack wheat seed for the 2010 spring/autumn and 2011 spring planting seasons, in irrigated and rainfed zones in provinces worst affected by natural disaster and drought, through the provision of kits comprising 50 kg of quality-declared wheat seed (irrigated or rainfed variety), 50 kg of DAP and 50 kg of urea fertilizers; strengthen the development of alternative agricultural livelihoods at national and provincial levels, diversify farming systems, generate off-farm employment and focus on community development and programme management; provide input packages that, in addition to seed and fertilizer, include diversified agricultural inputs for post-harvest storage, kitchen gardening, poultry and livestock production, beekeeping, fish production, nursery establishment and intensive vegetable gardening, among others, offering an opportunity for farmers to move from subsistence to market agriculture; ensure that project assistance reaches the most vulnerable farming families, including women-headed households, returnees and IDPs; and empower beneficiaries to continue developing income-generating activities through the provision of technical training, with an emphasis on marketing.

Beneficiaries: 420 000 returnees, IDPs and vulnerable farmers.

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, and NGOs.

Duration: January – December 2010.

Funds requested: USD 13 777 500.


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strengthening the agriculture-based livelihoods and food security of vulnerable, food insecure farming families through the emergency provision of animal feed

Objectives:To improve the food security of vulnerable livestock holders in areas of Afghanistan affected by natural disaster and drought through the provision of concentrate animal feed.

Activities:

Assist approximately 13 000 vulnerable rural livestock-dependent households in drought-affected areas through the provision of 2 600 tonnes of quality animal feed from the winter 2009/10 until the winter 2010/11 feeding seasons; and provide each family with 200 kg of animal feed for four sheep/goats (rations for 100 days per animal) or one cow (rations for 100 days), thus supporting a total of 52 000 sheep/goats or 13 000 cows.

Beneficiaries: 91 000 drought-affected livestock herders.

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, and NGOs.



Emergency control measures against outbreaks of plant pests and diseases in Afghanistan

Objectives:To improve food security in Afghanistan by implementing control measures against infestations of Moroccan locust, Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Baluchistan melon fly or other pest infestations to minimize crop losses.

Activities:

Implement control measures against infestations of Moroccan locust, CPB and Baluchistan melon fly (or other pests) to reduce crop losses; carry out maintenance, refurbishment and repair of control equipment; conduct planning and coordination through an integrated pest management (IPM) approach with a range of local and provincial authorities to ensure that an appropriate level of community support and involvement can be mobilized; and build the capacity and train staff of the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, and the Plant Pest and Quarantine Department in ecology and control of Moroccan locust, CPB and Baluchistan melon fly.

Beneficiaries: 10 000 farming households affected by outbreaks of plant pests and diseases.

Implementing Partners: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock.

Project Duration: January – December 2010.

Funds Requested: USD 1 454 200.


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Promotion of local food products to fight malnutrition

Objectives: To maximize the use of locally available foods to minimize the consequences of the crisis.

Activities:

Train nutrition focal points, Government staff, implementing partners and community health workers on food-based approaches to alleviate, moderate or prevent a further deterioration of malnutrition (e.g. nutrition counselling, improved recipes particularly for high-risk groups, recipes promoting the use of local food products during the phase-out from feeding programmes, cooking demonstrations and backyard gardening); provide nutrition education, including demonstrations on improved recipes, to beneficiaries at feeding centres, hospitals and at village level, and distribute nutrition education material and utensils; provide technical support and inputs for the start up of gardens attached to hospitals and feeding centres (e.g. extension services, seeds and simple sets of tools) and extend such support to the families of children discharged from the feeding centres; and monitor the implementation of nutrition education and counselling, and evaluate changes in child feeding practices. Activities will be carried out in close collaboration with Supplementary Feeding Programmes and Therapeutic Feeding Programmes implemented by cluster members.

Beneficiaries: 1 200 000 individuals (150 000 children and 100 000 women).

Implementing Partners: To be determined.


Funds Requested: USD 162 720.


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strengthening cluster coordination, strategic planning and information management in Afghanistan

Objectives:To create an inclusive national coordination mechanism that ensures a well coordinated, coherent, strategic and effective food security and agriculture assistance programme to address the short-, medium- and long-term challenges of achieving sustainable food security in Afghanistan.

Activities:

Ensure the establishment/maintenance of appropriate Food Security and Agriculture Cluster (FSAC) coordination mechanisms, including working groups at national, provincial and district levels; actively promote NGO inclusion in the FSAC by creating an enabling environment for their participation; ensure full integration of priority cross-cutting issues (i.e. human rights, HIV/AIDS, age, gender and the environment), utilizing participatory and community-based approaches; promote gender equality by ensuring that the needs, contributions and capacities of women, girls, men and boys will be addressed; secure commitments from cluster participants in responding to needs and filling gaps, ensuring an appropriate distribution of responsibilities within the cluster, with clearly defined focal points for specific issues; ensure that participants within the FSAC work collectively to ensure the complementarity of stakeholders’ actions; promote emergency response actions, while considering the need for early recovery planning, as well as contingency planning, disaster prevention and risk reduction/management; act as focal point for inquiries on the FSAC’s response plans and operations; and ensure timely, effective and coordinated food security and agricultural responses based on participatory and community-based approaches.

Beneficiaries:39 FSAC partners, the Government, the humanitarian community and poor, food insecure and vulnerable crisis-affected households.

Implementing Partners: N/A.




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Emergency control measures against outbreaks of animal diseases in Afghanistan

Objectives:

To improve food security in Afghanistan by implementing control and containment activities for transboundary animal diseases, such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, other emerging and re-emerging animal and zoonotic diseases, such as brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants and foot-and-mouth disease, to minimize the impact of diseases and improve the livelihoods of farming communities.

Activities:

Provide technical support to the current animal disease control programme of the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock in the defined zones; evaluate the current status of animal diseases and identify high-risk areas for control interventions; establish an emergency vaccine bank, provide emergency vaccines for the prevention and control of the major animal diseases and procure refrigerator vehicles; provide other key elements and tools for the control and prevention of the diseases (e.g. cold chain equipment, syringes, disinfectant, sample collection and submission, etc.); build capacity and provide training on epidemiology, surveillance, clinical diagnosis and control measures from central Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock/Animal Health Department to field level.

Beneficiaries: Farming communities and livestock owners in Afghanistan.

Implementing Partners: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock.




10

“One-third of the population (over 1.22 million people)

remains food insecure”

backgroundDespite hopes for greater peace and stability in the Central African Republic, this year saw the breakdown of the inclusive dialogue for peace and an upsurge in violence, some of it linked to the likely delay of next year’s Presidential and Parliamentary elections.

In 2009, the Central African Republic remained on the brink, with further splits within rebel groups and the slow pace of the disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion process exacerbated by ethnic conflict, continued banditry and incursions by the Ugandan rebel group, the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). An estimated 147 500 people have been displaced in the northeast and northwest of the country and a further 40 000 (including 1 500 refugees that have fled violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the southeast.

The country remains one of the poorest in the world, increasingly caught up in the conflicts affecting its neighbours in Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan’s Darfur Region and Uganda. The current international economic crisis increased unemployment and directly contributed to higher rates of malnutrition among children. Essential activities under the 2009 CAP for the Central African Republic were severely underfunded. Should this continue through 2010, there is a real risk of creating a regional humanitarian crisis.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsIn 2009, the food security sector provided basic agricultural inputs and training in improved production to tens of thousands of vulnerable rural households in the country. Despite this, about one-third of the population (over 1.22 million people) remains food insecure according to the 2009 Comprehensive Food Security, Vulnerability and Nutrition Analysis conducted by the Government and the WFP. Over 10 percent of children suffer from global acute malnutrition and 38 percent from chronic malnutrition.

Continued violence has forced rural producers to flee their homes, abandoning their seeds, tools, livestock and food stores and rendering them unable to resume agricultural production. In Vakaga prefecture, three consecutive agricultural seasons have been lost to insecurity, while three-quarters of farmers in Markounda and Boguila regions are unable to access their fields due to attacks by armed groups.

Central African Republic

FAO will work with WFP and UNICEF to improve children’s nutrition and school attendance by establishing school gardens.

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The impact of high food prices is still being felt by households in the north and centre of the country, who spend up to 75 percent of their incomes on food. This has been exacerbated by rising unemployment, which has diminished purchasing capacity, affecting farmers’ incomes and reducing their access to essential agricultural inputs.

As part of the 2010 CAP, the members of the Food Security Cluster aim to facilitate access to food and markets, increase agricultural production and build the capacity of farmers’ organizations and Government institutions.

FAO responseSmall ruminants and poultry play an important role in the income, food security and nutrition of vulnerable households in the Central African Republic. In order to support families affected by the ongoing violence, FAO plans to distribute goats and poultry to over 9 000 households. The beneficiaries will also receive appropriate training on herd management and fodder production, as well as basic materials to build shelters for their livestock.

FAO will work closely with WFP and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to improve children’s nutrition and school attendance by supporting the establishment of school gardens. Parents’ associations and teachers will receive vegetable seeds, tools and training in production techniques to enable them to manage the gardens and generate income. The Organization will also distribute vegetable seeds and tools to HIV/AIDS-affected households, that face diminished agricultural productivity, reduced nutritional status and worsened food security.

As the lead agency for the food security sector, FAO will continue its efforts to promote the Integrated Food Security and Humanitarian Phase Classification (IPC) tool in 2010 to enable the humanitarian community to better plan response. Support will be provided for the collection and analysis of data, publication and dissemination of a food security bulletin, creation of a subregional IPC working group and regular publication of IPC maps.

C E N T R A L A F R I C A N R E P U B L I C


Total funding of Central African RepublicEmergency Programme:

USD 13 477 187 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

FundedUSD 173 0018%


92%

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prOpOsAls: FAO EmErgEnCy And rEhAbilitAtiOn AssistAnCEtotal funding requested: usd 2 092 558

Food security monitoring system

Objectives:To consolidate the national food security monitoring system and implement the IPC tool in the Central African Republic.

Activities:Collect and analyse primary data from the entire country and publish information for partners; reinforce the national IPC working group and create IPC subregional working groups; and continue analysis based on food security data and information from other sectors.

Beneficiaries: Government of the Central African Republic and the humanitarian community.

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development , Statistics Direction, IPC working group and local and international NGOs.


Funds requested: USD 213 814.


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promotion of school gardening

Objectives:To improve the nutritional status of children at school in Ouham, Ouham Pendé, Nana Gribizi, Bamingui-Bangoran and Vakaga.

Activities:

Identify schools and their needs in coordination with parents’ associations; provide vegetable and other seeds and tools to the schools; train teachers and parents’ associations in agricultural techniques; assist schools to establish school gardens; conduct monitoring and evaluation; and provide seeds and tools to parents’ associations for food production and to generate incomes for the school.

Beneficiaries: 6 000 students and parents (3 000 children).

Implementing partners: Agence centrafricaine de développement agricole (ACDA).



improving the food security of families affected by hiV/Aids

Objectives:To strengthen the food security of households affected by HIV/AIDS in Ouham, Ouham Pendé, Nana Gribizi, Bamingui-Bangoran and Vakaga.

Activities:Identify vulnerable households affected by HIV/AIDS; procure vegetable seeds and gardening tools and distribute them to families; provide training on agricultural techniques aimed at improving productivity and cultivation practices; provide technical assistance; and monitoring and evaluation.

Beneficiaries: 75 000 people.

Implementing partners: ACDA, Centre National de Lutte contre la Sida.




15

improving food security and household income through small animal breeding

Objectives: To improve food security through small animal breeding.

Activities:

Provide 10 goats (8 female and 2 male) to groups of households; distribute animals bred during the initial phase to the remaining households in each group; provide households with poultry; ensure vaccination and veterinary follow up; training beneficiaries on herd management and local fodder production/conservation; distribute basic materials for shelter construction to beneficiaries; and reinforce the institutional and technical capacity of the Government counterpart.

Beneficiaries: 45 000 people (9 000 households).

Implementing partners: Agence nationale pour le développement de l’élevage and NGOs.




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“In the closing months of 2009 the country was hosting over

324 000 refugees”

backgroundYears of conflict and instability have profoundly impacted the people of Chad, and lie at the heart of the country’s food security and livelihood difficulties. Refugees fleeing the protracted crisis in the Sudan’s Darfur Region and insecurity in northern areas of the Central African Republic have joined thousands displaced from their homes in Chad itself by interethnic and political tensions. In the closing months of 2009, the country was hosting over 324 000 refugees – 256 700 Sudanese and 67 800 from the Central African Republic – and 168 400 IDPs.

In spite of a long-standing displacement situation, the absence of any large-scale fighting in Chad in 2009 has been a very positive development. There is general agreement within the humanitarian community that the situation is now evolving away from an acute emergency phase into one, predominately, of rehabilitation. Emphasis is being placed on focusing assistance to meet the needs of those who remain deeply affected by dislocation and instability.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsIDPs, refugees, returnees and their host populations, countrywide, face considerable difficulties in maintaining livelihoods and food security. Overgrazing and desertification have reduced the limited areas that are available for farming in eastern Chad, where water and productive agricultural land is scarce. Competition for these resources, in both the south and the east of the country, has increased tensions among displaced persons and their hosts and prevented many from engaging in agricultural activities. Women-headed households have been particularly affected.

Poor quality storage facilities and lack of access to markets in eastern Chad have discouraged farmers from producing surplus food, and left them highly vulnerable to unexpected events. Reports indicate that up to one-third of harvests in past years have been lost through insect attacks, fires and other issues related to inadequate storage.

Seasonal floods and drought have increased the vulnerability of hundreds of thousands across the country. Rains that fall between June and November every year have historically restricted access to the east and south of the country by damaging main transport routes. Extreme weather conditions have highlighted the need for fast-growing and highly-resistant

FAO intends to create and rehabilitate village wells, artif icial ponds and microdams to meet

the water needs of displaced people.

Chad

17

crops. Past use of improved seeds has brought remarkable increases in yields, but their availability is very low – the supply sector is non-existent and national capacity to produce them is severely limited.

FAO responseFAO is planning a variety of initiatives to assist IDPs, resettling populations and host communities within Chad to improve their food security and livelihoods, by focusing on issues relating to scarce water, a lack of productive arable land, inadequate storage facilities, poor access to markets, and limited availability of high-yield seeds.

Proposed interventions include the creation and rehabilitation of village wells, artificial ponds and microdams to meet the water needs of displaced people and their host populations in eastern Chad, the provision of carts to farmer groups in the east of the country to give households improved access to markets where production surpluses can be sold and the construction of community warehouses to enable households to store their produce in more secure conditions. The provision of chickens, small ruminants and fruit conservation kits will also enable vulnerable households (four-fifths women-headed) to engage in small agricultural processing activities and improve their livelihoods.

In addition, FAO plans to bolster farming-capacity growth in Chad through distributing adapted food crop seeds to experienced farmers for multiplication, through providing follow-up training and by procuring and distributing locally grown seeds. Overall, FAO plans to enhance humanitarian coordination through the creation of strategic working groups in collaboration with other UN agencies, national and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and national authorities. The aim will be to improve communication, strategic planning, and competency transfer among food security actors and Government entities.

C H A D


Total funding of Chad Emergency Programme: USD 2 692 529 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)



76%

18

19


support to agricultural and pastoral production for households affected by the crisis in eastern Chad through improved access to land and water and protection of gardening perimeters

Objectives:

To increase the productive capacity of host communities, IDPs, returnees and refugees through the construction and/or rehabilitation of small hydroagricultural structures (pastoral or vegetable cultivation wells, artificial ponds, vegetable-field perimeters providing protection against animals, water-harvesting structures, etc.); improve access to drinking water and appropriate sanitation; and promote access to markets through the rehabilitation of roads and marketplaces.

Activities:

Create/rehabilitate gardening, pastoral and village wells, artificial ponds, microdams for irrigation purposes, water-harvesting structures and garden perimeters to protect vegetable production against animals; provide water availability/management support through increased pumping capacity (via pumps and tubes); reinforce group-based resource management; and rehabilitate marketplaces and roads.

Beneficiaries: 30 000 households (IDPs, returnees, host populations and refugees).

Implementing Partners:National agricultural bodies (Ministries of the Environment and Water Resources and Animal Production, and ONDR), UNHCR, WFP, Africare, African Concern, CARE and IRD, among others.



C H A D

20

Emergency supply of farming inputs to vulnerable households affected by conflicts and floods in eastern and southern Chad

Objectives:To improve food security for crisis- and flood-affected households through providing direct food production support.

Activities:

Supply rainy-season seeds to 15 000 vulnerable refugee, displaced person, returnee and host-community households with access to land; supply gardening kits composed of seeds, tools and treatment products to approximately 7 000 households; and provide training and technical support to beneficiaries to ensure operational success as well as the profitability and sustainability of project results.

Beneficiaries: 15 000 crisis-affected households.

Implementing partners: National agricultural bodies (Ministries, ONDR), UNHCR, WFP, Africare, African Concern, CARE and IRD.

Duration: March 2010 – March 2011.


promotion of post-harvest income-generating activities, such as storage, food processing and marketing

Objectives:To enable displaced, resettling and host-community farmers to generate additional revenues through better marketing and storage of their produce.

Activities:

Provide approximately 200 carts to allow beneficiaries to transport their produce to local markets; construct approximately 150 community warehouses to improve post-harvest storage conditions; train 150 local committees on community warehouse management and 150 communities on improved marketing techniques; and support 150 communities in setting up initial community stocks.

Beneficiaries: 5 250 households (IDPs, returnees, host populations and refugees).




C H A D

21

support to FAO’s Emergency Coordination unit on agricultural emergency activities and surveys

Objectives:To enhance coordination among humanitarian actors to improve the sustainability of actions and strategic information research.

Activities:

Create working groups, in collaboration with all actors involved in the return, integration, reintegration and relocation of IDPs in eastern Chad, to ensure the coherence of food security and agriculture interventions in keeping with national objectives and relevant clusters strategies: (i) field-level working groups will conduct surveys, formulate strategies and implement operational plans; (ii) district-level working groups will act on information provided by field working groups to develop operational plans on sustainable reintegration and development; (iii) the national-level working group, working with the Interagency Standing Committee in Chad, Government authorities and clusters, will ensure planned activities in areas where returnees are settled are consistent with the Government’s strategic framework, will plan interventions with technical agency support, including FAO, and will ensure that follow up and evaluations are conducted on returnee reintegration programmes.

Beneficiaries: Crisis-affected populations and humanitarian actors in Chad.

Implementing partners:UN agencies, NGOs (local, national and international), relevant national ministries and relevant institutional actors.



C H A D

22

support to agricultural input supply sectors and networks

Objectives:To revitalize the food crop seed-multiplication sector to increase national capacity to meet the needs of returnees, relocated persons and host communities; and strengthen agricultural tool availability and fertilizer production and supply systems.

Activities:

Distribute, locally-adapted food crop seeds for multiplication to experienced farmers, who will subsequently benefit from training sessions on seed multiplication technologies and cultivation follow-up; food crop seed multiplication by families that received assistance through previous projects; procure and redistribute the produced seeds to vulnerable households (priority given first to displaced and resettling households and secondly to host populations); reorganize the seed production chain from multipliers to final seed users; provide training on community-based agricultural supply and/or agricultural produce marketing; and provide training to skilled workers on improved tool production and charcoal saving practices.

Beneficiaries:16 100 households (including IDPs, returnees and host-community members) and a large number of skilled workers in eastern Chad.

Implementing Partners:Specialized services of the Ministry of Agriculture, local and international NGOs and community-based organizations (CBOs).

Project Duration: February 2010 – June 2011.


C H A D

23

promotion of income-generating activities, such as agricultural processing and livestock activities, to assist women who are displaced, resettling or members of the host community without access to natural resources in eastern and southern Chad

Objectives:To enable women’s groups (from displaced, resettling and host-community populations) without access to natural resources to generate income through small agricultural-processing and livestock activities.

Activities:

Distribute key inputs necessary for small agricultural-processing and livestock activities, including around 30 processing tools (grinders, oil presses, etc.), 200 fruit conservation and processing kits, 800 chickens for egg production and 1 000 small ruminants for income generation and improvement of protein intake; and provide technical and methodological support to reinforce the production and marketing capacity of beneficiary groups.

Beneficiaries: 5 000 households of displaced, resettling and host-community women.

Implementing Partners:Potential partners: Government ministries, WFP, UNDP, Africare, African Concern, IRD, ACF, SECADEV, World Vision, BELACD, PU, ACTED and PRODABO.



C H A D

24

“‘Vast numbers of people require life-saving assistance and support

to become self-suff icient”’

backgroundThe humanitarian crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to escalate at an alarming rate, especially in the east of the country. Conflict that began in August 1998 has dramatically reduced economic productivity and government revenue, increased external debt, and resulted in the deaths of more than 5 million people from violence, famine and disease.

Despite successful elections in 2006, and the establishment of a new Government in early 2007, vast numbers of people in the country still require life-saving assistance and support to become self-sufficient. The Congolese people, weakened by years of insecurity, isolation and lack of basic services, had high hopes with regard to their future stability. However, three years on, the country finds itself at a critical stage where armed groups, corruption and the protracted implementation of macroeconomic development policies threaten the progress achieved thus far.

In the east of the country, repeated attacks and reprisals in Orientale, North and South Kivu Provinces have led to widespread population displacements. Civilians are constantly living under the threat of armed groups who pillage, commit sexual violence, burn houses and confiscate harvests and food rations. As a result, many families have fled their homes several times, as they seek places of refuge. In rural areas, hospitals and clinics have been destroyed and a large proportion of the population does not reside within reach of basic health services. Reports indicate that approximately 2 million individuals are currently internally displaced.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsWidespread insecurity and repeated human rights violations, compounded by the impacts of climatic hazards and epidemics, have depleted agricultural production and exhausted the coping mechanisms of displaced populations and host communities. Poverty and malnutrition are endemic, with food prices increasing by 42 percent between May 2008 and August 2009. Increased Government expenditures owing to the intensification of military activities has resulted in inflation rates surpassing 38 percent, further eroding the purchasing power of vulnerable communities. According to the IPC of July 2009, agricultural production has reduced by up to 60 percent of pre-1997 levels.

While the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are endowed with fertile soils, repeated looting of crops by armed groups

Democratic Republic of the Congo

FAO plans to distribute seed protection rations, establish seed fairs and increase the scope of income-generating activities in the country.

25

continues to undermine agricultural production, forcing major food importers to maintain their reserves at minimum levels. Agricultural land, seeds, tools and equipment were damaged or lost during conflict, leaving rural households without the necessary means to resume their way of life. In other parts of the country with better security conditions, crumbled infrastructure, the absence of agriculture-based inputs, limited access to markets and the lack of storage capacity are further hindering farming activities. These factors have increased strain on local markets, which face continuous demand for foodstuffs alongside the yearly rise in population rates. tOtAl Funding rEQuirEd FOr thE FOOd sECurity ClustEr rEspOnsE: usd 300 million

Food security Cluster responseGiven the magnitude of the humanitarian needs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Humanitarian Action Plan does not contain individual project profiles as in the traditional CAP. In addition to participating in the nutrition, reintegration, early recovery and logistics clusters, FAO will continue to fulfil its role as co-lead of the food security cluster, both at the national and provincial levels.

To complement activities carried out in 2009, the food security cluster will contribute to strengthening the early warning system for the prevention of malnutrition through the IPC. To date, the IPC tool has been rolled out in 145 districts to collect information regarding the food security, nutrition and the subsistence means of populations, in order to obtain a precise mapping of the severity of a given crisis and better plan for humanitarian response.

In 2010, FAO seeks to distribute seed protection rations, establish seed fairs and increase the scope of income-generating activities to strengthen the livelihoods and agricultural production capacity of vulnerable groups, such as HIV/AIDS-affected households, malnourished children and their families, IDPs and host communities. Support will also be provided to the reintegration of ex-combatants through the provision of agricultural inputs and training.

D E M O C R A T I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O

Total Requirement for CAP 2009:USD 373 652 181 (Food Security and Agriculture Cluster)

Total funding of Democratic Republic of CongoEmergency Programme:

USD 38 224 435 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

FundedUSD 269 558 87972%


28%

26

With the aim of restoring agricultural production, the Food Security Cluster intends to distribute agriculture, livestock and fishery-based kits to ensure household food availability and the sale of surplus produce. Other activities aim to reduce dependency on external assistance and improve access to markets among isolated communities through the rehabilitation of feeder roads and the provision of food-for-work initiatives.

In order to promote gender equality within programme interventions, the cluster strategy for 2010 will focus on mainstreaming the needs of women in project formulation, and improving entrepreneurial skills through securing leadership positions for women among farmer associations and major food producers.

D E M O C R A T I C R E P U B L I C O F T H E C O N G O

27

28

“ The number of food insecure people has risen by 170 percent

since the end of 2008”

backgroundThe intensification of drought conditions throughout 2009 has led to a 170 percent increase in the number of food insecure people in Kenya since the end of 2008. In March, following the Short Rains Assessment, an estimated 3.4 million people were identified as being in need of assistance. Following the Long Rains Assessment in August, this number was increased further to 3.8 million, predominately comprising pastoralists, agropastoralists and farming households. The insufficient rainfall has affected parts of the Rift Valley, which is traditionally an important food-production area.

Approximately 75 percent of Kenya’s population depends on agricultural livelihoods, the majority of whom are unable to meet their daily food requirements. These groups have experienced an erosion of their livelihoods as the food security situation has degenerated. Pastoralists in particular, who occupy 80 percent of Kenya’s land mass and are considered the custodians of dryland environments, suffer from the highest poverty rates and have the least access to basic services compared with other areas. Furthermore, returning IDPs have struggled to re-establish their livelihoods because of crop failure.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsThe 2009 long-rain season maize production is estimated to be significantly less than the short-term average. The food security situation is further complicated by continued export bans in neighboring Tanzania and Uganda, which are likely to reduce cross-border maize inflows by 46 percent, while at the same time food prices consistently remain high. Additional issues affecting outputs include inefficient market competition and agricultural extension systems, poor infrastructure and general governance issues.

As a result, terms of trade of pastoralists, agropastoralists and farmers, as well as purchasing power of urban households, have deteriorated significantly. In many pastoral areas, trekking distances have increased to 40 km for cattle and camels and over 25 km for sheep and goats. Available water supplies are increasingly insufficient to meet local demand, thus reducing the watering frequency of animals from daily to once every three days and causing further deterioration in their health. The scarcity of water and pasture has also contributed to frequent outbreaks of conflict between communities; as of September 2009, there were 242 deaths in pastoral areas caused by resource-based conflict and cattle rustling.

Kenya

FAO intends to faciliate the restoration of livestock assets of drought-affected communities

through disease surveillance and control.

29

At the same time, a strong likelihood of heightened rainfall as a result of an El Niño event is expected to result in flooding in some parts of the country. Cyclical episodes of localized flooding are a constant risk in Kenya. El Niño rains are expected to lead to some infrastructural damage and potential disease outbreaks, from which 750 000 people could be affected and require assistance. However, effective planning and coordination would enable vulnerable rural populations to benefit from the increased rainfall, offering some relief in the most drought-affected areas and providing opportunities for crop production, as well as restoring deteriorated pastures.

FAO response In 2010, FAO aims to ensure that humanitarian interventions are well-coordinated and that sufficient information on food security and planned activities is available in order to ensure adequate response to needs. Specifically, FAO is appealing for funds to assist vulnerable pastoralist communities and small-scale farmers by supporting the Government of Kenya in the coordination of humanitarian food security interventions, grassroots priority setting, preparedness and response planning. Funds provided would facilitate the restoration of livestock assets of drought-affected communities through disease surveillance and control, fodder production, training and restocking activities. The proposed activities would also prepare beneficiaries to take advantage of the expected upcoming rains through interventions such as the distribution of drought-resistant crop varieties and farm inputs, as well as training in improved technologies. Additional planned activities to increase the resilience of vulnerable communities include improvements in water harvesting and the construction of soil and water conservation structures.

Governmental coordination structures, together with UN agencies and other stakeholders, would have the overall responsibility to plan and follow up on humanitarian food security interventions conducted in Kenya. In the coming year, there will also be an increased focus on sharing experiences among humanitarian partners.

K E N Y A


Total funding of Kenya Emergency Programme: USD 9 967 750 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)



79%

30

31


Coordination of agriculture and livestock sector humanitarian food security and livelihood interventions

Objectives:To support the Government in the coordination of humanitarian food security interventions, grassroots-level problem identification, priority setting, preparedness and response planning; and to rebuild the livelihoods and increase the resilience of vulnerable drought-affected populations.

Activities:

Build capacity on information management, problem identification, emergency preparedness, priority setting, rapid assessments, pasture rehabilitation and IPC; conduct training on data analysis; carry out assessments; provide agricultural inputs through fairs and the voucher system; restock livestock; and provide productive assets through food or cash-for-work activities to improve water harvesting.

Beneficiaries: 13 000 000 people.

Implementing partners: Government of Kenya and NGOs.



K E N Y A

32

“Nearly one-quarter of the population lives on less than

USD 1 per day”

backgroundNepal suffers from chronic food insecurity, severe and recurrent natural disasters, poor health and sanitation infrastructure, and water and energy scarcity. These factors combined with political instability and civil unrest result in a dire humanitarian situation for Nepal’s already vulnerable population. The country’s long-running civil conflict (1996-2006) severely outstretched the coping mechanisms of affected families. Additional external shocks, such as floods, droughts, pandemics or rising food prices, could have catastrophic consequences for Nepal if support mechanisms are not provided.

Currently, 3.4 million people in Nepal are highly to severely food insecure and approximately 28 000 children under the age of five die each year from easily preventable illnesses. Over 50 percent of districts are food-deficit and nearly one-quarter of the population lives on less than USD 1 per day. The cost of staple food items in Nepal today is as high or higher than at the peak of the international food crisis in August 2008. However, Government expenditure on agriculture has fallen to just 5 percent of the 2008 budget. Further exacerbating the humanitarian crisis, political instability has disrupted governmental proceedings and limited investment, job creation and exports, while continued strikes have impacted the delivery of humanitarian assistance.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsAgriculture is the main source of livelihood for over three-quarters of the population, including many subsistence farmers. Nepal’s decade-long conflict caused the collapse of the sector as it destroyed rural infrastructure, disrupted storage, transportation and market access, depleted food and seed stocks, and affected livestock production capacity and animal health services. Over the past three years, a further five million people have fallen below the poverty line as a result of high food prices and low crop yields. As compared with price levels in August 2008, the costs of food items such as lentil and black gram have increased by 35 percent and 23 percent, respectively. Families are spending over 70 percent of their income to purchase food.

Nepalese farmers have difficulty in accessing basic agricultural inputs due to their high costs, limited local seed production capacity and poor road networks, especially in remote areas. The lack of quality seeds, fertilizers and agricultural machinery results in an average per hectare yield of rice, wheat, maize and pulses – Nepal’s staple crops – that is significantly lower than that of neighbouring countries. An increased frequency of floods, droughts and hail storms has further impacted crop production. Most recently, the 2008/09 winter drought resulted in a 14.5 percent and 17.3 percent decrease in barley and wheat production, respectively, as

Nepal

FAO plans to deliver quality cereal and vegetable seeds to farmers in time for the

summer and winter planting seasons.

33

compared with the previous year. Lack of fodder and access to veterinary services, combined with animal disease outbreaks, continually threaten the food security of families dependent on livestock, a valuable livelihood asset for rural communities, especially the landless.

FAO’s responseFAO has been working with local government partners, community-based organizations (CBOs), farmers and herders in Nepal for over five decades. The Organization’s proposed assistance through the 2010 Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal will address the most critical needs of rural families affected by conflict, soaring food costs and natural disasters, enabling them to improve food security, nutritional practices and resilience to future shocks.

With donor support, FAO will strengthen the resilience of farmers to the increasing occurrence of drought, particularly in areas such as the Mid- and Far-Western Regions. Funding will enable quality cereal and vegetable seeds to reach farmers in time for the summer and winter planting seasons. FAO will provide seeds that are drought-tolerant and require shorter growing periods to maximize production in the event of limited rainfall. Beneficiaries’ yields will also be enhanced through the promotion of crop diversification, small-scale irrigation and water-harvesting technology, soil management and moisture conservation practices.

The development of school and homestead vegetable gardens and hands-on training in better nutritional practices, food preparation and dietary diversification will improve nutrition among vulnerable households. Focus will also lie in protecting and strengthening the livelihoods of families dependent on livestock through the provision of small ruminant animals and poultry, materials for animal shelters, animal feed, seeds to produce fodder, and veterinary supplies and services. Capacity building at institutional level will also improve support and extension services across the sector.

As part of the Food Security Cluster, FAO is leading the subcluster for agriculture. Strengthening the coordination of agricultural activities in Nepal will be crucial to ensuring that the response of humanitarian partners is effective, avoids duplication, optimizes the use of funding and reaches communities most in need.

N E P A L


Total funding of Nepal Emergency Programme: USD 12 453 590 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

FundedUSD 700 00013%


87%

34

35


improvement of the food security and nutrition status of vulnerable families of the mid-Western region of nepal through enhanced dietary diversity and better nutritional and agricultural practices

Objectives:To improve the nutrition knowledge of vulnerable populations through the adoption of better dietary and feeding practices and development of homestead vegetable gardens.

Activities:

Build the capacity of local NGO staff and District Agriculture Development Office staff on vegetable production through home and school gardens, including the production and dissemination of farmer-oriented training material; provide training to community workers on improved food practices for better nutrition; promote home-based vegetable production through the establishment of home gardens and school gardens; support and promote home-based poultry rearing; provide training to beneficiaries on basic nutrition principles, vegetable production and small livestock rearing; develop and disseminate nutrition information and communication materials for community workers and project beneficiaries; and carry out monitoring and beneficiary results assessment.

Beneficiaries:84 000 households, with priority dedicated to women heads of households, other women at risk of malnutrition, and malnourished children under the age of five (42 000 children and 5 880 women).

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Ministry of Health and Population, national and international NGOs and institutions, and community partners.



N E P A L

36

immediate rehabilitation of agriculture-based livelihoods and restoration of food and nutrition security in the drought-affected districts in the Far-Western and mid-Western development regions of nepal

Objectives:To increase the resilience of beneficiary households to drought and enhance the level of food security and nutrition status of beneficiaries through improved livestock and crop production.

Activities:

Conduct a detailed, area-specific needs assessment in collaboration with Government line agencies and other relevant UN agencies to identify the most vulnerable Village Development Committees (VDCs) and households affected by drought and their immediate priorities; provide immediate agricultural input assistance (e.g. improved cereal and vegetable seeds, construction materials for water harvesting structures, input packages for the installation of micro-irrigation units, etc.) and related training; promote simple agricultural practices for crop and soil management to conserve soil moisture and increase soil fertility; provide training on post-harvest and food preservation techniques to prolong the shelf-life and availability of food stocks; and facilitate capacity building initiatives at community level with the participation of Government institutions and main humanitarian and development actors on management strategies for local water resources (e.g. watershed management, water distribution management, crops management for water conservation and management of drainage waters).

Beneficiaries:100 800 drought-affected farmers and their food insecure families (7 056 children under the age of five and 50 600 women).

Implementing partners: National and international NGOs, national institutions and national academic institutions.



N E P A L

37

immediate assistance to improve the nutrition and food security of vulnerable communities in the conflict‑affected districts of Rukum, Rolpa, Jajarkot, Salyan, Pyuthan and Gorkha

Objectives:To enhance the household-level food security and nutrition status of beneficiaries through the resumption of crop production and rehabilitation of community-based irrigation systems.

Activities:

Distribute improved varieties of cereal seeds (wheat, rice, millet and maize) and vegetable seeds (over 15 different species for winter and summer seasons); provide small livestock ruminants and poultry, animal shelter materials and veterinary supplies for the rearing of small livestock and poultry production; build the capacity of local District Agriculture Development Offices and District Livestock Services Offices for the provision of better extension services; rehabilitate and develop small irrigation infrastructure; create awareness on nutritional issues through training and other community-based activities; and provide training to farmers on agricultural production and livestock rearing.

Beneficiaries: 92 500 conflict-affected farmers and their food insecure families (47 600 children).

Implementing partners:Local NGOs, including CCF Nepal, Dalit Development Society, Five Star Youth Samrakshyab Manch, Himalayan Youth Club Nepal, Mallarani Rural Development Concern Center, Kalika Development Center, Integrated Development Center and HURED-KARS, among others.



N E P A L

38

Cluster-based coordination of agricultural emergency and rehabilitation assistance in nepal

Objectives:To improve the coordination of emergency and rehabilitation interventions in the agriculture sector (encompassing the crop, fisheries, livestock and forestry subsectors) through the cluster approach, avoiding duplication and gaps, optimizing funds utilization and promoting synergies of programmes among partners.

Activities:

Strengthen the agriculture subcluster at central and regional levels within the Food Security Cluster; prepare an action plan for the agriculture subcluster at central and regional levels; provide technical guidance to the cluster members; develop common tools for monitoring and results assessment; develop best-practices guidelines for emergency and rehabilitation interventions and for disaster preparedness and disaster risk management in the agriculture sector; improve advocacy for emergency, rehabilitation and disaster prevention interventions for the sector; establish clear links between emergency and rehabilitation interventions and longer-term development actions addressing food security and agriculture-based livelihoods; enhance the “who is doing what and where” (3W matrix) information system for the agriculture sector with the intent of avoiding gaps and duplication of efforts; and enhance inter- and intra-cluster linkages and coordination.

Beneficiaries:

All partners engaged in agricultural livelihoods recovery, including concerned ministries and line departments of the Government, donors, UN partners, NGOs and CBOs. Vulnerable rural households (e.g. victims of high agricultural input and food prices, drought and floods) will benefit from more coordinated humanitarian assistance.

Implementing partners: National and international NGOs and institutions.



N E P A L

39

support to mitigate the negative effects of high food prices on local rural populations in ten districts in the Eastern, Central, mid-Western and Far-Western regions of nepal

Objectives:

To enhance the food security of 100 000 farmers and mitigate the effects of soaring food prices through the provision of improved quality seeds of staple crops (cereals), vegetables and pulses, fertilizers and training; and to reinforce the capacity of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, and especially its extension services, to improve their food security and nutrition monitoring capabilities.

Activities:

Finalize target areas in cooperation with the Government and WFP based on district- and VDC-level analysis, using food availability and vulnerability mapping; identify and select implementing partners; develop beneficiary selection criteria in consultation with key partners and stakeholders; procure and carry out quality inspection of assorted seed inputs and fertilizers for two cropping seasons; distribute agricultural input packages to 70 000 extremely vulnerable farmers to enable them to boost production; distribute vegetable seed packages to 30 000 extremely vulnerable farmers; carry out stakeholder consultation for the mapping of training curriculum and preparation of training material; recruit and train 25 master trainers; mobilize 40 Ministry staff and 147 CBO representatives for training of trainers; implement a training programme for 26 700 farmer trainees; and build the capacity of the Ministry to monitor and analyse food security by institutionalizing the WFP Food Security Monitoring Analysis System.

Beneficiaries: 100 000 farmers affected by the soaring food price crisis (including 10 000 children and 50 000 women).

Implementing partners:WFP, international and national NGOs, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives and other relevant Government line ministries and academic institutions.



N E P A L

40

“Reports indicate that up to 1.55 million individuals are

currently internally displaced”

backgroundSomalia remains one of the most challenging and worrying humanitarian crises in the world. Human suffering has soared despite the progress of recovery efforts and the resilience of conflict- and climate-affected populations. According to the latest assessment of the Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU), the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance has increased by 13 percent, from 3.17 million to 3.64 million since January 2009. Fierce fighting in Mogadishu from May 2009 onwards forced more than 210 000 people to flee their homes, which marked the biggest exodus since the Ethiopian intervention in 2007. Reports indicate that approximately 1.55 million individuals are currently internally displaced.

The lack of central governance over the past 18 years has fuelled chronic vulnerability and malnutrition levels, leaving the country without the necessary resources to deliver basic social services. High food prices and a 25 percent decline in remittances from the Somali diaspora have severely reduced the purchasing power and depleted the coping mechanisms of local populations. Increasing access to food, means of production and livelihood options is paramount to strengthening self-reliance among vulnerable populations.

Challenges facing food securityPersisting insecurity, natural disasters and widespread displacements have devastated the income sources of millions across Somalia. While the livelihoods of 80 percent of the population depend on agriculture and livestock, rural households are unable to produce sufficient food to cover their daily food requirements and must rely heavily on commercial or food aid imports. Malnutrition rates in southern and central Somalia are among the highest in the world, with one in six children acutely malnourished.

For the past five years, Somalia has endured prolonged droughts and poor rainfall, the consequences of which are compounded by civil unrest and fierce competition over scarce natural resources. In many parts of the country, severe water shortages are decimating livestock herds and destitute pastoralists are gathering in villages and towns in search of assistance. The seasonal rains are expected to intensify at the end of 2009, paving the way for improved crop and livestock production. However, increased precipitation poses risks including flooding and associated increases in malaria and other waterborne diseases such as the re-emergence of Rift Valley fever (RVF).

Somalia

FAO intends to distribute agricultural tools, fertilizers and high yielding seed varieties

based on region-specif ic needs.

41

Violence directed at humanitarian personnel continued, with 69 security incidents reported since January 2009. Increased volatility resulted in humanitarian organizations withdrawing their staff, while others temporarily suspended their programmes in certain areas. Furthermore, rampant piracy has disrupted critical supply routes to central and southern Somalia, impeding the delivery of relief assistance in rural areas.

FAO responseIn 2010, FAO seeks to continue empowering households to resume agricultural and livestock production while addressing the root causes of food insecurity. With donor funding, FAO aims to distribute agricultural tools, fertilizers and high-yielding seed varieties based on region-specific needs, supplemented by the delivery of training components on sound farming practices, improved nutrition and hygiene.

Proposed interventions to enhance pastoral livelihoods include the distribution of livestock, the vaccination and treatment of animals against the most prevalent diseases, increasing the capacities of animal disease surveillance, ensuring the rehabilitation of key irrigation infrastructure through cash-for-work schemes, and support to enhancing food preservation techniques and storage systems.

In line with the Agriculture and Livelihoods Cluster, FAO intends to strengthen the resilience of vulnerable communities to cope with ongoing and future shocks. To this end, key activities consist of establishing country-wide cluster support offices, which in turn, will strengthen coordination among actors in the sector through improved information sharing and consensus-building on emergency response options. Through the FSNAU, FAO aims to continue to provide evidence-based analysis of food nutrition and livelihood security, enabling humanitarian stakeholders to address the needs of affected communities in a timely manner.

S O M A L I A


Total funding of Somalia Emergency Programme: USD 35 200 907 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

FundedUSD 11 177 05854%


46%

42

43


somalia Food security and nutrition Analysis unit 2010

Objectives:To ensure that the FSNAU continues to deliver timely and relevant food security, livelihood and nutrition information and analysis on emergency situations to inform emergency response activities during a 12-month project timeframe.

Activities:

Conduct monthly briefings and presentations to partners; carry out monthly food security and nutrition surveillance; conduct two cycles of representative nutrition surveys in crisis-prone areas; conduct two interagency seasonal field assessments and analysis workshops; produce and disseminate monthly food security and nutrition publications; carry out urban and rural baseline livelihood assessments; and continue processing, analysis and management of data.

Beneficiaries:Affected populations identified from FSNAU’s assessments, UN agencies, local and international NGOs, donors and local authorities.

Implementing partners:No direct implementing partners, but local and international NGOs, local authorities and Government line ministries will participate in assessments and surveys.



S O M A L I A

44

Emergency support to pastoral and agropastoral communities in humanitarian emergency and acute food and livelihood crises

Objectives:To increase the resilience of pastoral and agropastoral households by protecting livestock assets through the provision of water, fodder and animal health services.

Activities:

Rehabilitate 100 water catchment areas and basic infrastructure for food production and preservation through cash-for-work schemes; integrate crop and livestock activities for the production of animal feed; enhance the operational capacity of livestock disease surveillance and control systems; and conduct the vaccination and treatment of livestock against the most prevalent diseases.

Beneficiaries: 385 000 people (including 231 000 women).

Implementing partners: Ministry of Livestock, local and international NGOs and veterinary professionals.



improve food security among vulnerable farming households in hiran, bakol, gedo and middle shabelle regions by increasing agricultural production through the provision of basic agricultural inputs

Objectives:To restore the livelihoods and enhance the food security of 75 000 vulnerable farming households in humanitarian emergency and acute food and livelihood crisis.

Activities:Distribute technology packages including maize, sorghum and cereal seeds, fertilizers and agricultural tools; deliver training components on improved agricultural, nutrition and hygiene practices; and conduct HIV/AIDS awareness raising initiatives.

Beneficiaries: 75 000 vulnerable farming households (including 22 500 women).

Implementing Partners: Local and international NGOs.



S O M A L I A

45

strengthen the capacity of the iAsC Agriculture and livelihoods Cluster to effectively coordinate humanitarian emergencies in somalia

Objectives:To strengthen links and coordination among humanitarian stakeholders and emerging Somali authorities to improve emergency response efforts.

Activities:

Establish cluster support offices across Somalia and recruit appropriate cluster support staff; facilitate regular consultations with humanitarian agencies and emerging local authorities; mainstream gender issues into cluster programming; conduct cluster needs assessments on planning, coordinating and monitoring humanitarian response efforts; bolster the capacities of cluster members at field level; organize cluster coordination meetings; and evaluate the progress of the Agriculture and Livelihoods Cluster.

Beneficiaries: Cluster members, humanitarian stakeholders and food insecure populations.

Implementing Partners:Cluster members, international and national consultants, UN agencies, local and international NGOs and emerging Somali institutions.



S O M A L I A

46

“Chronic poverty, insecurity, natural disasters and underdevelopment are

severely affecting livelihoods”

backgroundOver the past year, Sudan’s Darfur Region has seen an easing of the conflict, with continued talks between the Government of National Unity and the main rebel group – the Justice and Equality Movement – expected in the coming months. However, intensified banditry and attacks on the local population and aid workers have led to further displacement and hampered efforts to provide humanitarian assistance. The situation in the Transitional Areas and East Sudan – Abyei, South Kordofan, Blue Nile, Kassala, Red Sea and Ghadareef – has also improved, increasing the rate of returns to the region, but straining the limited services and infrastructure.

An increasingly frequent cycle of inter- and intra-tribal violence, as well as attacks by the Ugandan rebel group – the LRA – displaced over 320 000 people in Southern Sudan during 2009. The intensity of the conflicts, a widening hunger gap, a rapid increase in the price of food items and a 40 percent drop in the revenues of the Government of Southern Sudan have combined to deepen the poverty of the already vulnerable population. The elections looming in 2010 could spark further violence and force more households into displacement.

Southern Sudan has one of the world’s highest rates of internal displacement due to decades of conflict. An estimated 400 000 Sudanese are living as refugees in other countries and 5 million remain internally displaced. In addition, 280 000 foreign nationals have sought refuge in the Sudan. Simultaneous returns and displacement are likely to continue in 2010 throughout the Sudan, impacting on service delivery and placing increasing pressure on the natural resource base.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsChronic poverty, insecurity, recurrent natural disasters and underdevelopment are severely affecting livelihoods and food security across the Sudan. Poor harvests are expected in many parts of Southern Sudan due to a combination of irregular rainfall and a shortage of quality seeds. This has extended the usual hunger period this year. Agricultural production is likely to fall by up to 60 percent in 2010, drastically increasing the number of households facing critical acute food insecurity.

Communities’ vulnerability to food insecurity and livelihoods impoverishment has intensified owing to decades of conflict, marginalization, limited physical and social infrastructure and the widespread prevalence of hazards (including further violence, floods, drought and disease epidemics). Large-scale displacement has placed

Sudan

Fishers will receive essential f ishing gear, as well as training on f ish processing and

preservation, and net-making.

47

extensive pressure on natural resources, resulting in widespread environmental degradation. Competition over increasingly scarce resources is fuelling skirmishes between farmers and pastoralists in the Greater Darfur Region and Southern Sudan, threatening the ongoing peace processes. Furthermore, the expulsion of NGOs in the food security and livelihoods sector in 2009 has seriously limited capacity to deliver humanitarian assistance in remote parts of Darfur.

Throughout Sudan, pests and diseases affect the livelihoods of livestock-owning communities. In the short-term, the presence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and RVF is not expected to diminish, with long-term effects on food security and income. In Southern Sudan alone, an estimated 8 million cattle and 8 million small ruminants provide an essential source of income for millions of pastoralists and agropastoralists. The continued spread of transboundary animal diseases (TADs), such as peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), deepen vulnerability and threaten human health.

FAO responseThrough its emergency response and early recovery interventions in the Sudan, FAO has sought to improve the livelihoods of vulnerable populations by building capacity and promoting sustainable agriculture. During 2010, the Organization plans to continue its efforts to strengthen coordination among all actors involved in the Food Security and Livelihoods Sector in Northern and Southern Sudan. This will involve developing and sharing technical guidelines to ensure quality response, promoting information sharing, supporting strategic planning and the development of stronger coordination mechanisms among Government institutions, NGOs and other partners, and ensuring better accountability among all stakeholders.

In 2010, FAO’s proposed activities will include agricultural input (seeds and tools) distribution, small animal restocking, and provision of veterinary services and training and extension support to vulnerable households in the Transitional Areas, Southern Sudan and Darfur. In Southern Sudan, fishers will receive essential fishing gear, as well as training on fish processing and preservation and net-making. Throughout the Sudan, livelihoods diversification will be promoted through support to activities such as beekeeping, oil pressing and school gardens.

S U D A N


Total funding of Sudan Emergency Programme: USD 13 459 497 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

FundedUSD 13 362 44135%


65%

48

FAO will also work to improve the resilience of vulnerable communities in Southern Sudan, enabling them to cope with and respond to food insecurity and livelihood impoverishment through community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) programmes. This will involve participatory disaster risk appraisals, building capacity on CBDRR, providing livelihoods support through conditional and unconditional cash transfers, strengthening local organizations and improving communication and advocacy for CBDRR.

In order to build national capacity to respond to and rapidly control the spread of TADs, FAO will work to establish mechanisms to identify and verify outbreaks of HPAI, RVF and FMD; strengthen laboratory capacity to detect virulent TADs in Khartoum and Juba; support passive and active livestock disease surveillance; and train technicians to detect and respond to major TADs. In addition, Rapid Response Teams will be created for TAD outbreaks, and border surveillance systems reinforced.


Restoring and maintaining household food security and promoting diversification of livelihood coping mechanisms and protection of natural resources for vulnerable populations in greater darfur

Objectives:To improve the capacity of vulnerable households in the Greater Darfur Region to overcome general household food insecurity and conflict-induced strain through support to crop production, livestock protection and diversified income-generating activities that are environmentally friendly and gender sensitive.

Activities:

Provide productive agricultural inputs to vulnerable households; support the availability of and access to veterinary services by vulnerable households and their livestock; support the recovery of agricultural and seed systems through seed production and strengthening of agriculture and livestock para-extension systems; support knowledge and skills transfer for diversified livelihoods activities, such as cheese-making, beekeeping and processing, school gardens, etc.; support natural resource rehabilitation by establishing nurseries, enclosures and fodder banks, as well as promoting public awareness of environmental management, providing training and distributing materials for fuel-efficient stoves; and establish and strengthen food security and livelihoods coordination mechanisms.

Beneficiaries: 2 000 000 IDPs, returnees and residents and 5 000 CAHWs and community extension agents.

Implementing partners: Various local and international NGOs.



S U D A N

49

50

Addressing vulnerabilities to food insecurity and livelihood impoverishment through community-based disaster risk reduction (Cbdrr) programmes in southern sudan

Objectives:

To improve the resilience capacities of vulnerable populations to cope with and respond to food insecurity and livelihood impoverishment through CBDRR programmes by providing social protection and livelihood support through resource transfer, with particular emphasis on the agriculture, food security, livelihood and rural development sectors.

Activities:

Conduct participatory disaster risk appraisal and provide capacity development training on CBDRR for targeted communities; undertake integrated CBDRR interventions by providing livelihood support through resource transfers, with particular emphasis on the agriculture, food security, livelihood and rural development sectors; promote awareness and advocacy on CBDRR and build resilience of vulnerable communities to hazards and disasters; and conduct monitoring and evaluation.

Beneficiaries:90 000 at-risk and vulnerable community members (25 000 children, 40 000 women and 15 000 elderly people, sick people, widows and women-headed households, people with disabilities and HIV/AIDS-affected households).

Implementing partners:Payam Disaster Risk Management Committees, CBOs, NGOs, civil society organizations, faith-based organizations, local administrations, women’s groups, farmers’ groups and youth groups.



S U D A N

51

Food security and livelihoods sector coordination in emergency planning and response

Objectives:To ensure timely and effective response to life-threatening emergencies by promoting access to food security information, enhancing synergies and coherence among the Government, UN agencies and partners to overall humanitarian action in Southern Sudan.

Activities:

Enhance effective and regular coordination mechanisms at the Government and state levels, led by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries (MARF) and state ministries; promote access to food security information, enhancing synergies and coherence of food security and livelihoods response; promote information sharing among all partners to ensure transparent emergency context analysis and response; organize targeted consultations on food security and livelihoods issues to fill gaps identified by partners; support MAF and MARF and Southern Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (SSRRC) at the Government and state levels to update partners’ tracking and monitoring systems; build the capacity of indigenous partners in food security and livelihoods; and pre-position emergency production inputs in affected areas.

Beneficiaries:90 000 at-risk and vulnerable community members (including 36 000 children, 27 000 women and 27 000 pastoralists and fishers).

Implementing partners:State Ministries of Agriculture, CRS, WFP, Polish Humanitarian Organization, ACF, Vétérinaries sans frontières (Belgium, Swiss and Germany), COOPI, CAFOD, UNHCR, IOM, FYF, AMA, NRC, Relief International, IRD, Danish Church Aid, MAF, MARF and SSRRC.



S U D A N

52

humanitarian support to the restoration and enhancement of sustainable food security and livelihoods of 900 000 vulnerable people in southern sudan

Objectives:To contribute to the restoration and enhancement of the food security and livelihoods of vulnerable populations in Southern Sudan.

Activities:

Provide agricultural production inputs (crop and vegetable seeds, hand tools and treadle pumps) to households in areas of high returns and to conflict-, drought- or flood-affected displaced populations; provide technical support and training; coordinate the Food Security and Livelihoods Sector; and conduct monitoring and evaluation.

Beneficiaries: 900 000 people (30% IDPs, 20% returnees, 50% vulnerable host and resident populations).

Implementing partners: Various.



support to vulnerable small-scale livestock keepers through maintenance of animal health cold chain facilities and protection of the livelihoods of fishing communities in Southern Sudan

Objectives:To support the basic food security and livelihoods of vulnerable households by controlling emerging animal health diseases for 120 000 cattle keepers and support the livelihoods of vulnerable fishers through the provision of fishing gear to fishing communities.

Activities:

Provide access to essential veterinary drugs/vaccines and services, as well as fishing gear, and support livestock disease monitoring/surveillance and cold chain management for improved food security and livelihoods; provide technical support and training in fish preservation, cold chain management and livestock husbandry; coordinate the Food Security and Livelihoods Sector; and conduct monitoring and evaluation.

Beneficiaries: 180 000 people (30% IDPs, 20% returnees and 50% vulnerable host and resident populations).

Implementing partners: Various.



S U D A N

53

strengthened coordination of the Food security and livelihoods sector

Objectives:

To improve the predictability, timeliness and effectiveness of the Food Security and Livelihoods Sector response to humanitarian and recovery needs related to food security and livelihoods in the northern part of Sudan by strengthening existing sectoral coordination mechanisms as a basis for long-term food security in crisis-affected areas of Northern Sudan.

Activities:

Develop terms of reference for the functions and roles of national- and state-level coordinators and for subcluster working groups; establish standard information management tools to support effective coordination and communication; develop and share standard technical guidelines among partners to support quality response; develop a strategy and support planning through a two-year strategic vision for the Food Security and Livelihoods Sector; undertake periodic joint assessments and monitoring for future strategic planning; conduct cluster mapping and analysis and establish a capacity building fund at the national level, as well as state-level resources for capacity building; and update and report on cluster advocacy concerns.

Beneficiaries: 3 500 000 IDPs, returnees, host communities, ex-combatants and refugees.

Implementing partners:CRS, World Vision International, KAEDS, ACORD, GAA, IRD, IRA, Intersos, FAR, ADRA, World Relief, Mubadiron and NOON, among others.



S U D A N

54

Restoring and maintaining household food security and promoting diversification of livelihood coping mechanisms and protection of natural resources for vulnerable populations in the three transitional Areas and East sudan

Objectives:To improve household agriculture and livestock production, diversify livelihood coping mechanisms and support the early recovery and rehabilitation of agricultural systems in the Transitional Areas and East Sudan.

Activities:

Provide productive agricultural products to vulnerable households; support the availability of and access to veterinary services by vulnerable households and their livestock; support the recovery of agricultural and seed systems through seed production and strengthening of agriculture and livestock para-extension systems; support knowledge and skills transfer for diversified livelihoods activities, such as cheese-making, beekeeping and processing, school gardens, etc.; support natural resource rehabilitation by establishing nurseries, enclosures and fodder banks, as well as promoting public awareness of environmental management, providing training and distributing materials for fuel-efficient stoves; and establish and strengthen food security and livelihoods coordination mechanisms.

Beneficiaries:1 500 000 returnees, IDPs, ex-combatants and vulnerable host communities, including demobilized women and children.

Implementing partners: Various local and international NGOs.



S U D A N

55

strengthening emergency preparedness, response and control of transboundary animal diseases in affected and high-risk states of sudan

Objectives:To support the Government of the Sudan in responding to TADs and rapidly control their spread in Sudan; and strengthen the functional capacity of affected states to determine evidence of RVF, HPAI and FMD by increasing disease surveillance and diagnostic capacity.

Activities:

Establish mechanisms for the identification, verification and response to HPAI, RVF, PPR and FMD outbreaks; enhance laboratory capacities to detect virulent TADs in Khartoum and Juba; support passive and active participatory livestock disease surveillance in designated wetlands, wild birds and backyard farms; expand epidemiological training of technicians to detect and respond to major TADs; expand establishment of rapid response teams for TAD outbreaks; strengthen border surveillance systems for TADs in Wadihalfa (North Sudan); and prepare and disseminate appropriate messages targeted to various stakeholders and conduct community meetings to explain the dangers of HPAI, RVF, PPR and FMD and how to avoid risk of exposure and infection.

Beneficiaries:Direct: 13 rapid response teams and 150 veterinary technicians, indirect: livestock owners in six infected and 12 at-risk states with RVF, FMD and PPR in Northern and Southern Sudan.

Implementing partners:Ministries of Animal Resources in the Government of National Unity and the Government of Southern Sudan; Ministry of Science and Technology – Central Veterinary Research Laboratory.



S U D A N

56

“Recurrent dry spells, crop failures and animal disease outbreaks have

brought widespread food insecurity”

backgroundThe security situation continues to normalize across the north of the Republic of Uganda despite the uncertain fate of the peace process. Almost 80 percent of 1.8 million IDPs have been able to return home. However, progress in this area has been met with serious difficulties in others. Recurrent dry spells, crop failures and animal disease outbreaks have combined to batter livelihoods and bring widespread food insecurity.

Returnees face an uncertain situation, settling into areas where infrastructure and basic services are virtually absent, and food production is heavily constrained by a lack of agricultural inputs, extension services, manpower capacity and land disputes. An estimated 160 000 households in Karamoja subregion, 35 000 in Acholi, and 25 000 in Teso are especially vulnerable. As a result of the evolving situation, the Government of the Republic of Uganda and its development partners have gradually begun to change focus from purely emergency humanitarian action to an approach that includes recovery, rehabilitation and development as well.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsDifficulties in Karamoja subregion are acute: more than 60 percent of the population is classified as food insecure, with a further 25 to 30 percent vulnerable according to the IPC. Failures of four consecutive harvests in the subregion have exhausted seed stocks and left many unable to sustain themselves through cultivation. High food prices and outbreaks of livestock disease have also sharply restricted households’ purchasing power. Together, these factors have resulted in a near total reliance on external food aid for much of the population.

Animal disease outbreaks have spread from Karamoja to neighbouring Teso subregion, which has also been seriously affected by erratic rains during critical plant-development stages. In addition, Teso is still feeling the effects of flooding in 2007, cumulative poor agriculture seasons in 2008 and armed violence brought by Karimojong raids. The results have been poor harvests, reduced food stocks, a protracted hunger gap and even reports of starvation.

Food and income security has also been undermined by unpredictable weather patterns in Acholi. The subregion’s difficulties have been compounded by a loss of farming skills among the population, lack of production assets and deteriorating infrastructure. A severe dry spell in

Uganda

In Karamoja, FAO and its partners plan to assist 150 000 households with mass

livestock vaccinations.

57

the preliminary agricultural season of 2009, which caused 40 to 60 percent of crops to fail, has contributed to Acholi receiving an IPC phase 3 classification (indicating an acute food and livelihood crisis). Should the situation continue to deteriorate, the subregion will be pushed into a humanitarian emergency or famine.

FAO responseAgainst a background of consecutive crop failures and disease outbreaks, FAO aims to put in place a series of emergency mitigation measures across northern Uganda. In Karamoja, FAO and its partners plan to assist 150 000 households with mass livestock vaccinations, the provision of drought-tolerant crop varieties, the improvement of food storage facilities, and sensitization on climate change adaptation measures. In Teso, FAO aims to assist 6 000 resettling farming households with vaccination campaigns, drought-tolerant and early maturing crop variety inputs, ox-ploughs to increase land opening, and support to improve household food storage facilities. In Acholi, FAO plans to provide 20 000 people with drought-tolerant and early maturing crop varieties, ox-ploughs, improved household food storage facilities and livestock vaccinations.

FAO and its partners further aim to provide training to 15 000 households in Karamoja in integrated water harvest management and livestock and crop production. FAO also aims to kick-start food production and assist households to reduce their dependency on food assistance, through the provision of training to 12 000 households in Acholi and through 200 farmer field school groups in Teso.

In its capacity as a co-lead agency for the Food Security and Agricultural Livelihoods Cluster, FAO has helped to formulate a comprehensive humanitarian action plan in Uganda. FAO aims to provide cluster members with good, timely information to improve the quality, efficiency, targeting and impact of recovery and development projects.

U G A N D A


Total funding of Uganda Emergency Programme: USD 7 963 112 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)



19%

58

59


Stimulation of agropastoralist livelihoods in Karamoja subregion

Objectives:To ensure food security, with combined support to crop and livestock production, water harvest management and skill development through agropastoralist field schools (APFS).

Activities:Establish 500 APFSs and integrate water harvest management and livestock and crop production to assist beneficiaries break the dependency syndrome cycle; promote village saving and loan associations to enhance a savings culture; and develop capacity for disaster risk reduction.

Beneficiaries: 15 000 households in 500 APFS groups.

Implementing Partners: All Food Security and Agricultural Livelihoods Cluster members (NGOs, UN agencies and the Government).



Urgent response action to food insecurity in Karamoja subregion

Objectives: To protect beneficiary livelihood assets and improve food production.

Activities:

Control animal disease outbreaks through mass vaccination campaigns against PPR, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and FMD; promote and provide drought-tolerant and early maturing crop varieties; provide sensitization on climate change effect and adaptation measures; promote animal traction as a means to improve agricultural capacity; provide support to the improvement of household food storage facilities; and provide supportive therapy using antibiotics, dewormers, acaricides and multivitamins.

Beneficiaries: 150 000 households.

Implementing Partners: All Food Security and Agricultural Livelihoods Cluster members (NGOs, UN agencies and the Government).



U G A N D A

60

stimulating food production and basic livelihood opportunities in resettlement areas of Acholi subregion

Objectives: Stimulate agricultural livelihoods and household income by promoting the farmer field school approach.

Activities:

Ensure that 400 farmer field school groups are able to strengthen beneficiaries’ agricultural and livestock production skills; enable the provision of agricultural and livestock inputs; enable the support of basic rural infrastructure rehabilitation through cash transfer activities; promote socio-economic safety nets and a savings culture, as part of the farmer field school curriculum, through village and saving and loan association schemes.

Beneficiaries: 12 000 resettled households.

Implementing partners: Food Security and Agricultural Livelihoods Cluster stakeholders (20 NGOs and the Government of Uganda).



Emergency response contingency for farming communities in Acholi subregion

Objectives: To protect and improve food production and livelihood assets.

Activities:

Control animal disease outbreaks through vaccination campaigns against PPR, CBPP and FMD; provide agricultural inputs, with special focus on drought-tolerant and early maturing crop varieties (millet, sorghum, green gram and cowpea); provide ox-ploughs to increase land opening and limit food security shocks; and support the improvement of household food storage facilities.

Beneficiaries: 20 000 farming households.

Implementing partners:Office of the Prime Minister, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries, UN agencies, NGOs and local governments.



U G A N D A

61

Food security and Agricultural livelihood Cluster coordination

Objectives:To strengthen Food Security and Agriculture Livelihoods Cluster stakeholder coordination for humanitarian interventions and disaster risk reduction; to link emergency with recovery interventions.

Activities:

Continue to organize monthly cluster coordination meetings at Kampala and district levels; enhance the monitoring and evaluation system to capitalize on lessons learned/best practices; provide regular consultative updates on the Food Security and Agriculture Livelihoods Cluster plan of action, linking humanitarian to recovery interventions; provide seasonal mapping and dissemination of geographic coverage of cluster interventions; facilitate development of innovative projects for disaster risk reduction/management, water harvest and conservation, and food and seed security; coordinate interactions between cluster members and Government/development partner programmes; promote food security IPC; develop technical notes and video documentaries to illustrate and disseminate best practices; and conduct regular joint assessments to determine progress made towards achievement of cluster exit standards.

Beneficiaries: Food Security and Agriculture Livelihoods Cluster stakeholders and beneficiary communities.

Implementing Partners:All Food Security and Agriculture Livelihoods Cluster stakeholders (30 NGOs, 2 UN agencies and the Government).



U G A N D A

62

strengthening the emergency response capacity and stimulating food production and basic livelihood opportunities in resettlement areas of teso subregion

Objectives:To protect livelihood assets, improve food production and increase the resilience capacity of resettling households.

Activities:

Strengthen Teso subregion’s urgent response capacity through: animal disease outbreak control (through vaccination campaigns against PPR, CBPP and FMD), agricultural input provision (with special focus on drought tolerant and early maturing crop varieties), distribution of ox-ploughs to increase land opening and limit food security shocks, and support provision for improved household food storage facilities; establish FFS for 200 resettling farmer groups; and strengthen socio-economic safety nets through the promotion of a savings culture through village saving and loan association schemes.

Beneficiaries: 6000 resettling farming households, as well as 200 FFS groups.

Implementing Partners: FSAL cluster stakeholders (NGOs and the Government).



Responding to gender‑based violence in Teso subregion (joint project with United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA])

Objectives:To increase access to emergency life-saving medical care for rape survivors; and reduce the vulnerability of women and young girls to gender-based violence (GBV) through livelihood support.

Activities:

Procure post-rape treatment kits, including post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits; strengthen access to life-saving post-rape medical care for all survivors of rape; provide training on post-rape care for health centres without trained staff; and support basic livelihood activities for identified vulnerable individuals to enhance their economic and food security.

Beneficiaries:2 000 women and 1 000 children directly affected by rape and sexual assault, as well as women and children who provide support and care for rape survivors in their communities; 300 000 families of vulnerable women, who will receive basic livelihood support.

Implementing Partners: TPO, ASB and the Church of Uganda.



U G A N D A

63

Responding to GBV in Karamoja subregion (joint project with UNFPA)

Objectives:To provide emergency life-saving medical care to rape survivors; and reduce the vulnerability of women and girls to GBV by supporting their livelihoods.

Activities:Procure post-rape treatment kits, including PEP kits; raise awareness of post-rape services for survivors to utilize and, in so doing, break the culture of silence; and support basic livelihood activities for identified vulnerable individuals to enhance their economic and food security.


Implementing Partners: ASB, ALERIMOK, Samaritan’s Purse and IRC.



Responding to GBV in Acholi subregion (joint project with UNFPA)

Objectives:To increase access to emergency life-saving medical care for rape survivors; and to reduce the vulnerability of extremely vulnerable women and girls to GBV by supporting their livelihoods.

Activities:Procure post-rape treatment kits, including PEP kits; strengthen access to lifesaving post-rape medical care for rape survivors; provide training for post-rape medical care providers; and support basic livelihood activities for identified vulnerable women, children and households to enhance their economic and food security.


Implementing Partners: ARC, CARE, ASB and RHU.



U G A N D A

64

“More than 139 million people in West Africa live in

extreme poverty”

backgroundMore than 139 million people in West Africa live in extreme poverty, a population that is particularly vulnerable to the effects of widespread food insecurity, recurrent natural disasters, climate change, the global economic crisis and socio-political instabilities. Regional food security and nutrition indicators illustrate that many West Africans increasingly face restrictions in their livelihood options, thus inhibiting them from overcoming these challenges. Furthermore, global and acute malnutrition rates have reached serious and critical threshold levels in the majority of West African countries in recent years. In 2009, the overarching theme of the CAP was the soaring food price crisis and its consequences on vulnerable populations, which continue to have an impact throughout the region.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsRural populations in some parts of West Africa were able to benefit from favourable rainfall patterns during the last year. However, many areas of the Eastern Sahel received insufficient rainfall in 2009, which has specifically impacted growing conditions for crops and deteriorated pastoral areas of Burkina Faso, Mali and the Niger. Poor rains during the 2008 season had already led to a fodder deficit in the Niger, the continuation of which in 2009 has exacerbated the situation for agropastoralists. Nigeria, a key regional cereal supplier, was also affected by insufficient rainfall, the effects of which are a growing concern as the quantity of cereal produced in the country generally accounts for 50 to 60 percent of West African production.

As agricultural livelihoods in the Eastern Sahel were widely impacted by drought in 2009, the same year has been recorded as one of the most flood-affected years in recent decades for other parts of West Africa. As of September 2009, floods had affected 770 000 people and led to the loss of 193 lives in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal and Sierra Leone.

In addition to the various climatic disasters experienced within the last year, the consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have also considerably affected economies throughout the region. Agricultural export prices have dropped for key cash crops, while evidence indicates an ongoing decline in remittances throughout the region. Realigned exchange rates have impacted international and cross-border trade, causing further reductions in income-generating capacity and creating additional strains on livelihoods. Specifically, the depreciation of the Nigerian naira relative

West Africa

In Guinea, FAO intends to provide animal traction carts to those affected by floods

and poverty.

65

to the Communauté financière africaine franc led to simultaneous reductions in demand for Sahelian livestock throughout the year. In the Niger, pastoralists’ terms of trade are 26 percent below average. Assessments conducted in Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea in 2009 indicated that food insecurity had increased particularly among farmers who grow cash crops, as well as those who rely on ‘lean season crops’ such as cashew and shea nuts.

FAO response In 2010, FAO and the WFP will lead the Food Security and Nutrition Cluster together, coordinating urgently needed assistance to prevent a further deterioration of livelihoods and food security, as well as building the capacity of people and governments to manage and overcome future shocks. At the regional level, FAO will aim to strengthen food security information analysis and coordination capacity, improve emergency preparedness and response capacity development and provide life-saving assistance to control diseases in 15 West African countries.

In addition to sector coordination responsibilities and the regional-level initiatives, FAO is appealing for funds to respond to specific needs identified in several countries. In Côte d’Ivoire, donor contributions will assist conflict-affected households through the establishment of income-generating activities, support to livelihoods and provision of inputs. Emergency support for rice farmers affected by the global food crisis will be provided in Liberia, while additional vulnerable farmers affected by high food prices will be assisted in Burkina Faso, Senegal and Togo. FAO is also appealing for funds to support populations affected by climatic disasters (flood and/or drought) in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mauritania, the Niger and Senegal. Additionally, in Guinea Bissau, FAO aims to collaborate with partners in support of pandemic influenza preparedness and control under the Health Cluster.

W E S T A F R I C A


Total funding of West Africa Emergency Programme: USD 51 432 920 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

FundedUSD 29 167 36565%


35%

66

67


liberia – Emergency assistance for smallholder rice farmers vulnerable to the global food crises

Objectives:To provide emergency assistance to smallholder Liberian farmers affected by the global food crisis, compounded by the global economic crisis.

Activities:Joint assessment and planning with the Government of Liberia; provide agricultural inputs; training of trainers and beneficiaries in best practices in rice production and integrated pest management; and monitoring and evaluation.

Beneficiaries: 52 000 farmers (27 000 women).

Implementing partners: NGOs and Ministry of Agriculture.



Côte d’ivoire – support to nutrition and livelihoods of vulnerable households and communities

Objectives: To prevent malnutrition of vulnerable households.

Activities:Establish demonstration vegetable gardens; provide nutrition and hygiene education sessions; provision of vegetable seeds and tools; and monitoring and evaluation.

Beneficiaries: 3 000 caretakers of children in nutrition centres in the west and north.

Implementing partners: National Nutrition Program (Ministry of Health) and NGOs.



W E S T A F R I C A

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Côte d’Ivoire – Support for vulnerable rural households affected by the conflict through the establishment of income-generating activities, provision of agricultural inputs and support to the coordination of emergency agricultural operations

Objectives: To enhance sustainable livelihoods in areas affected by the crisis.

Activities:Reinforce the production capacity of vulnerable farmers through small community projects; provide agricultural inputs through grants or credit for the recovery of inputs; and strengthen emergency food security coordination through a food security analysis mechanism, food security evaluation and mapping.

Beneficiaries: 113 000 people, stakeholders in food security and nutrition activities and the Government of Côte d’Ivoire.

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agriculture (ANADER), National Nutrition Programme (Ministry of Health), UN agencies and international and national NGOs.



the niger – support to vulnerable households affected by natural disaster

Objectives: To strengthen the capital of the most vulnerable populations affected by slow and rapid onset emergencies.

Activities:Provide crop and vegetable seeds, as well as fertilizer; rehabilitate small irrigated gardens; restore garden sites through cash-for-work activities; establish cereal banks; and provide training and technical assistance.

Beneficiaries: 700 000 people (including 364 000 women and 140 000 children).

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agricultural Development and NGOs.



W E S T A F R I C A

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the niger – Emergency assistance to the rehabilitation of sustainable livelihoods of vulnerable pastoralist households

Objectives: To protect the capital of the most vulnerable stockbreeders affected by slow and rapid onset emergencies.

Activities:Provide small ruminants to vulnerable and flood-affected households; promote animal destocking in large flocks; create animal feed banks; provide animal feed through public livestock services and animal feed banks; and restore deteriorated pastures.

Beneficiaries: 735 000 crisis-affected pastoralists (including 353 000 women and 132 000 children).

Implementing partners: Ministry of Livestock and Animal Industries, and international and local NGOs.



burkina Faso – Emergency assistance to affected vulnerable farmers at risk of malnutrition and victims of high food prices and climatic hazards

Objectives:To support food production and income-generating activities; and to assist rural and urban families at risk of malnutrition, particularly vulnerable women and children.

Activities:Provide quality vegetable seeds and potatoes, as well as related tools and fertilizers; construct market gardening wells; provide small ruminants for reproduction, supplemented with feed and sanitary products; conduct vulnerability assessments; and training of beneficiaries.

Beneficiaries:25 000 households (including children who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, as well as pregnant women).

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agriculture, Hydraulic and Fisheries Resources, WFP, UNICEF, Red Cross, Hope 87, Christian Aid, Africare and CISV.



W E S T A F R I C A

70

Guinea – Emergency assistance to victims of the floods and improved harmonization of emergency interventions conducted in the agriculture and food security sectors

Objectives: To restore and enhance livelihoods of most vulnerable households severely affected by floods and poverty.

Activities:Provide agricultural inputs (crop and vegetable seeds) and training to flood-affected households; provide animal traction carts to groups of producers; monitoring; and collection and dissemination of information to support humanitarian partners.

Beneficiaries: 50 000 people (20 000 women).

Implementing partners: Guinean Red Cross, Ministry of Agriculture and NGOs.



mauritania – Emergency assistance to the population (farmers and livestock owners) affected by drought and floods

Objectives:To strengthen the livelihoods of the vulnerable farming households, in order to increase their agricultural and livestock production, as well as their incomes.

Activities:Provide sorghum and cowpea seeds; support vegetable production through the provision of seeds, materials and protective equipment; and provide multi-vitamins, vaccines, syringes and medications for livestock owners.

Beneficiaries: 35 000 people (livestock owners and farmers).

Implementing partners: MDR and NGOs.



W E S T A F R I C A

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togo – Emergency assistance to the rehabilitation of sustainable livelihoods of rural populations affected by increased prices of staple food and agricultural inputs

Objectives: To improve food security and income of vulnerable households.

Activities:Provide seeds (maize and rice) and fertilizer; train beneficiaries and provide technical support; and support the commercialization of the production.

Beneficiaries: 5 000 farmers.

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Breeding and Fisheries, the Technical Advice Support Institute and national NGOs.



senegal – Emergency assistance to vulnerable households at risk of food insecurity and/or malnutrition, affected by climatic shocks and economic crisis

Objectives:To protect, restore and strengthen the livelihoods of the most vulnerable rural, peri-urban and urban households affected by food insecurity, malnutrition and/or loss of purchasing power.

Activities:Expand dry-season gardening; train vegetable producer groups; provide seeds, fertilizer and other income-generating inputs; provide technical support to develop methodology for analysis of malnutrition research; and mainstream soil and water conservation techniques into all training components.

Beneficiaries: 245 000 people (35 000 households), including 40 000 women and 70 000 children.

Implementing partners: Government ministries and international and local NGOs.



W E S T A F R I C A

72

Guinea Bissau – Pandemic influenza preparedness and control for human health

Objectives: To ensure appropriate pandemic influenza outbreak prevention and response.

Activities:Support human health aspects of the project; training on risks of H5N1; strengthen national laboratory capacity to ensure early detection; and promote behaviour change for H5N1.

Beneficiaries: 1 548 159 people (the national population covered by effective emergency coordination capacity).

Implementing partners:Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Guinea Bissau Red Cross and national NGOs.



regional – regional emergency preparedness and response capacity development and support to humanitarian actors in West Africa

Objectives:To reinforce emergency preparedness and response capacity at country and regional levels and promote subregional preparedness planning processes.

Activities:

Risk analysis and mapping; pilot a socio-political early warning system; establish a regional multi-agency online platform; assess national emergency preparedness and response capacities; technical support missions and training; support interagency and national contingency planning; set up a roster of specialists; and organize a workshop for the strengthening of civil-military cooperation.

Beneficiaries:Governments, regional institutions (CILSS, ECOWAS), international and national organizations and UN agencies.

Implementing partners:Regional Emergency Preparedness Task Force (FAO, IFRC, OCHA, OXFAM, UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP and World Vision).



W E S T A F R I C A

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regional – strengthening regional level food security information analysis and coordination capacity and improving agricultural based emergency responses

Objectives: To reinforce regional and national contextual analysis.

Activities:

Identify and define strategies for rapid coordinated responses; support methodological developments to better track food security, nutrition and livelihood vulnerability; coordinate and participate in food security assessments; and provide agricultural and animal production inputs, as well as training, where gaps are identified through current programmes.

Beneficiaries: Decision-makers in Governments, donors, UN partners, NGOs and vulnerable rural households.

Implementing partners: Governments, national and regional institutions and international and local NGOs.



regional – life-saving emergency assistance to control diseases occurring at animal human interface in 15 West African countries

Objectives:To protect the livelihoods of vulnerable populations by controlling animals diseases that are transmittable to humans.

Activities:Reinforce early warning networks; provide material and equipment to national veterinary services and laboratories; enhance local vaccine production capacity; design biosecurity measures; assess disease impacts on local economies; and develop communication material to raise public awareness.

Beneficiaries:1 500 000 vulnerable rural households, including 400 000 livestock keepers and the stakeholders along the value chain.

Implementing partners: Governments, international organizations (OIE, WHO), national and regional institutions and NGOs.



W E S T A F R I C A

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“Declining incomes and pervasive unemployment are depleting

coping mechanisms”

backgroundThe humanitarian situation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip worsened in 2009, largely as a result of Israel’s military operations in the Gaza Strip, which caused civilian casualties and widespread damages to property and infrastructure, deepening the already acute humanitarian crisis. Palestinian populations in both the West Bank and Gaza Strip continue to suffer from border closures, the construction of the barrier, limited access to natural resources, land confiscations and heavy restrictions on the movements of people and goods.

Declining incomes and pervasive unemployment are depleting the coping mechanisms of ordinary Palestinians, leading to loss of livelihoods. Unemployment levels remain highest in Gaza, where 42 percent of the inhabitants are out of work, compared to 23 percent in the West Bank. Women have become increasingly vulnerable to poverty because of their limited access to the labour market.

Challenges facing food securitySoaring global food prices have a significant impact on household-level food security across the West Bank and Gaza Strip, forcing families to reduce the quality and quantity of food consumed. The main source of food for the majority of Palestinian households is imported, thus making food insecure populations more vulnerable to price shocks, given the environment of low wages and reduced purchasing power. As a consequence, food insecure households are on the rise with 61 percent prevalence in the Gaza Strip and 29 percent in the West Bank. A joint FAO/WFP/Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics Socio Economic and Food Security survey indicated that the severe economic downturn and protracted livelihood crisis have forced local populations to rely heavily on aid to sustain a minimal level of food consumption.

In the Gaza Strip, the agriculture sector has been devastated by the imposed blockade and, most recently during the military offensive, which resulted in an estimated USD 180 million in damages to agriculture-related infrastructure and the destruction of an estimated 17 percent of cultivated areas, including orchards and open fields. Although an important livelihood asset, fishing has become increasingly rare among Gazans, on account of the growing number of security measures in place.

West Bank and Gaza Strip

Proposed activities include support to livestock herders through the delivery of animal feed,

medicines and veterinary kits.

75

The existing import and export restrictions have driven up agriculture production costs, reduced productivity and impeded the rehabilitation of cultivated fields, greenhouses, poultry farms, irrigation and water wells.

Farmers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip continue to endure a water scarcity crisis owing to drought, desertification, the fragmentation of agricultural landholdings and the inequitable distribution of water resources. Consequently, the productivity of most vegetables and fruit trees has plummeted.

FAO responseThe main objective of FAO’s activities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 2010 will be to focus on providing a safety net for food insecure households that can no longer rely on agriculture and fisheries-based practices to restore their livelihoods. To this effect, project proposals include support to women-headed households in diversifying their income sources through the establishment of home gardens, small-scale aquaculture farming, cottage industries and the distribution of small livestock. Proposed activities also include the distribution of key agricultural inputs, including crop seeds, fertilizers, animal feed and veterinary kits. In order to optimize the use of existing water resources and mitigate the effects of escalating food prices, FAO seeks to construct collective high-capacity water tanks, cisterns and ponds, deliver drought-tolerant seed varieties and rehabilitate irrigation networks, orchards and greenhouses.

In collaboration with partners, FAO intends to conduct biannual food security assessments to gauge the changing needs of beneficiaries and collect information on acquisition and consumption levels. Sectoral and cluster coordination will be strengthened through stakeholder consultations, improved information sharing and the institutionalization of agricultural and food security monitoring systems. These activities are expected to improve evidence-based policy planning and ultimately minimize gaps and overlaps in emergency and rehabilitation efforts.

W E S T B A N K A N D G A Z A S T R I P


Total funding of West Bank and Gaza StripEmergency Programme:

USD 6 980 548 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)



55%

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77


protecting the livelihoods of small ruminant herders through better herd management in the West bank and gaza strip

Objectives: To preserve the livestock assets and productive capacities of sheepherding families.

Activities:Distribute animal feed, medicines and veterinary kits to improve the productivity of livestock herds; provide drought-tolerant seed varieties and fertilizers; provide training on improved herd management practices; and promote local feed production.

Beneficiaries: 1 200 small ruminant herders, including 200 women.

Implementing Partners: Local and international NGOs and local councils.



protecting the livelihoods and production capacity of vulnerable farming families in the West bank and gaza strip in response to water scarcity and soaring food and input prices

Objectives:To increase income through the rehabilitation of agricultural infrastructure and the optimization of existing water resources.

Activities:Support selected beneficiaries through the rehabilitation of cisterns, groundwater wells, irrigation systems, greenhouses and orchard lands; distribute seeds, seedlings, fertilizers and rootstocks; provide tools and equipment to four farmers’ associations; and train ten farmers’ groups on enhanced pest control measures.

Beneficiaries: 2 000 vulnerable farmers, including 500 women and 40 extension agents.

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture.

Duration: January 2010 – December 2011.



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reducing the vulnerability of farming communities affected by severe water scarcity and drought conditions in the West bank and gaza strip

Objectives:To support vulnerable farmers and herders impacted by drought to optimize available water resources and increase water storage capacity at farm and household levels.

Activities:

Distribute plastic tanks, mobile metal tanks and irrigation systems; rehabilitate and enlarge existing wells and related catchment areas; construct collective high capacity water tanks; provide vegetable and fodder seeds for dryland farming; and assist farmers through the provision of technical expertise on improved water conservation practices.

Beneficiaries: 4 800 individuals (1 800 children, 1 500 women and 1 500 male farmers and herders).

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture.



Emergency support to needy fishers in the Gaza Strip to alleviate the impacts of fishing restrictions through the introduction of aquaculture activities

Objectives:To improve the food security status of 200 Gazan fisher households through the establishment of 100 aquaculture farms.

Activities:

Construct 100 water storage ponds; provide plastic lining water pumps, engines, pipelines and fencing equipment; distribute fingerlings, fish food, 100 fish harvest nets; and 4 oxygen, 4 ammonia and 8 pH measurement tools; and conduct training exercises on improved aquaculture techniques and fish pond management for 200 beneficiaries.

Beneficiaries: 1 400 fishers (600 children, 400 women and 400 men) including 4 fisher/farmer associations.

Implementing Partners: Agricultural cooperatives.




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mitigating household food insecurity through backyard farming and women’s socio-economic empowerment in the West bank and gaza strip

Objectives:To enable vulnerable women-headed households to improve their food security status, nutrition and income through the provision of productive inputs and technical support.

Activities:

Assist vulnerable women-headed households by encouraging backyard food production through the provision of fertilizers, pest control measures, water collection cisterns and grey water treatment systems; distribute sheep, rabbits and animal feed; support small-scale aquaculture farming by providing species adapted to saline water, plastic lining, water pumps, pipelines and fencing; provide tools and equipment for the cottage processing of dairy products; introduce the concept of organic farming; conduct training exercises on rabbit rearing, food preservation and packaging, labelling, and fostering linkages with suppliers; and assist vulnerable rural children through Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools.

Beneficiaries: 1 400 vulnerable women-headed households (500 children, 900 women and disabled persons).

Implementing Partners: Ministry of Agriculture and women’s groups.




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socio-economic and food security assessment in the West bank and gaza strip

Objectives: To improve evidence-based food security programming and policy-making.

Activities:

Conduct biannual food security assessments to gauge the needs of beneficiaries and collect information on food acquisition and consumption levels; analyse socio-economic and food security indicators, determinants and trends; ensure stakeholder consultations at central and decentralized levels; disseminate assessment findings through publications, workshops, briefings and meetings; extend basic knowledge on food security among national and international actors through decentralized courses; and provide timely recommendations to policy-makers and programmers of humanitarian agencies.

Beneficiaries:Food insecure Palestinian populations, social safety net agencies, UN agencies, NGOs, the Palestinian Authority and donors.

Implementing Partners: PCBS, Al Sahel Research Institute and Palestinian Economic Research Institute.




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promoting a cluster coordination approach for improved food security in the West bank and gaza strip

Objectives:To improve agriculture and food security sector coordination in order to optimize the effectiveness of interventions.

Activities:

Strengthen the capacities of Palestinian counterparts to respond to drought and food insecurity and conduct evidence-based policy planning and programming; expand cluster and sectoral coordination in partnership with UN agencies, NGOs and Palestinian stakeholders through decentralized stakeholder consultations; carry out livelihood recovery studies and monitoring; and ensure the institutionalization of agriculture and food security monitoring systems.

Beneficiaries: Agriculture and food security sector stakeholders.





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“Food insecurity has reached unprecedented levels, affecting well over 40 percent of the population”

backgroundYemen has become increasingly unstable due to repeated outbreaks of conflict in the north between the Government and Al Houthi rebels. Following five rounds of fighting since 2004, open hostilities resumed in August 2009, causing tens of thousands to flee Sa’ada and Amran Governorates, expanding the caseload of IDPs to over 150 000 and spreading violence to neighbouring areas once relied on as safe havens. Many have been displaced multiple times and the majority of IDPs are women and children. During years of conflict, inhabitants of conflict zones, displaced persons and host communities alike have exhausted their coping strategies and are becoming increasingly vulnerable.

In the south, separatist demonstrations fuel civil unrest, while the increased arrival of refugees, particularly from Somalia and Ethiopia, is placing additional strain on limited natural resources, social services and employment opportunities. Al Qaeda’s presence in remote areas evades government control, further threatening security and the delivery of humanitarian assistance.

Food insecurity has reached unprecedented levels, affecting well over 40 percent of the population. Heavy reliance on imported food items, including 90 percent of wheat and 100 percent of rice, has made Yemen extremely vulnerable to soaring food costs, which remain above pre-crisis levels and beyond the reach of poor households. At the same time, food production has decreased due to consecutive drought and the October 2008 floods in the east.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsThe agriculture sector, inclusive of crop and livestock production, provides the livelihood and an important source of nourishment for over 70 percent of Yemenis. Repeated eruptions of conflict in the north have forced IDPs to abandon their fields. Following severe drought and crop losses in 2008, irregular summer rains in 2009 delayed the sowing season by one-and-a-half months. Farmers, if they at all chose to invest in seeds this late in the season, often reported total crop failure.

Despite a fighting effort to keep livestock alive, pastoralists have lost or are at increasing risk of losing their animals. Numerous families escaping conflict zones fled for safety together with livestock – most often their only remaining livelihood asset and safety net. In drought-affected areas, conflict zones, IDP camps and host communities, livestock owners lack

Yemen

FAO plans to ensure that seeds and fertilizers reach small- and medium-scale farmers in time

for the upcoming planting seasons.

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access to the natural pastures, supplementary feed, surface water and veterinary services necessary to maintain their flocks. Poor sanitary conditions have also heightened the risk of animal disease outbreaks. These factors have triggered high livestock mortality and the distress sale of productive, life-sustaining assets.

Over time, this situation can only deteriorate unless emergency agricultural assistance reaches affected families rapidly. The populations at stake constitute Yemen’s most vulnerable social strata and are dependent on humanitarian focus and action for survival.

FAO responseIn 2010, FAO aims to provide time-critical agricultural inputs to families worst affected by recent shocks. Specifically, the proposed projects seek to ensure that appropriate seeds and fertilizers reach small- and medium-scale farmers in time for the upcoming planting seasons and that vulnerable livestock owners have access to livestock feed and veterinary treatment to safeguard the survival, health and productivity of their herds.

With donor support, FAO will distribute improved and drought-tolerant wheat, sorghum and millet seeds and fertilizers to farming families who suffered total crop losses due to drought, irregular rainfall and depleted water resources. Training in improved soil and water management practices will enable the more effective use of limited rainfall and thereby improve yields in the short and longer term.

To protect the remaining assets of Yemen’s most destitute livestock owners affected by conflict and recurrent drought, FAO seeks to provide families with sufficient quantities of feed to cover the daily requirements of up to ten animals per household for three months, during the most critical phase of the animal feeding calendar. Further, half a million animals in Sa’ada and surrounding governorates will be vaccinated against prevalent TADs and local veterinary staff will be trained in disease surveillance and treatment operations.

Y E M E N

Total Requirement for Flash Appeals* 2008/2009:USD 1 200 000

Total funding of Yemen Emergency Programme: USD 499 999 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

* Figures indicate requirements covering 2 Flash Appeals between 2008 and 2009, as no previous CAP or HAP were undertaken.


100%

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85


Emergency support to small- and medium-scale cereal farmers in the republic of yemen through the distribution of improved, drought-tolerant wheat, sorghum and millet seeds

Objectives:To ensure small- and medium-scale rainfed cereal farmers’ access to the minimum required appropriate cereal seeds for the spring and summer 2010 planting seasons.

Activities:

Select 30 000 beneficiary small-scale farmers who depend on rainfed production and attained zero crop due to the 2009 drought and rainfall pattern, and whose income is based solely on crop production on their land (holdings of 1 hectare or less); procure, deliver and distribute 3 000 tonnes of wheat, sorghum and millet seeds plus accompanying fertilizers to the selected beneficiaries; distribute seeds that are drought-tolerant to maximize yields in case limited and irregular rainfall continues in the spring/summer seasons of 2010; and introduce better soil and water management techniques at farm level through training and extension to enable more effective use of limited rainfall.

Beneficiaries: 210 000 individuals (150 000 children and 30 000 women).

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, local authorities and international NGOs.

Duration: December 2009 – November 2010.


Y E M E N

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Emergency provision of livestock feed and veterinary drugs and medicines to idps and their host families in the conflict‑affected northern governorates of Yemen

Objectives:To maintain the food security status of affected populations and prevent further loss of their productive assets through the provision of animal feed and veterinary health services for their remaining livestock asset base.

Activities:

Design a surveillance and treatment operation in four governorates (Sa’ada, Amran, Hajjah and Al Jawf) and train veterinary staff in its proper implementation; select beneficiary IDPs and host families according to socio-economic, asset ownership and veterinary criteria that will be identified with the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation in coordination with local authorities; procure, deliver and distribute approximately 6 000 tonnes of animal feed to the selected beneficiaries; carry out a vaccination campaign against PPR, including the procurement of the PPR vaccine and provision of equipment and other needs to perform the campaign; provide the insecticide coumaphos for the control of the Old World screwworm fly larvae and other medicines to treat wounds to prevent (re-)infection; and procure supplies such as syringes, veterinary needles and surgical scissors and personal protective clothing for the veterinarians who treat the animals.


Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, local authorities and international NGOs.



Y E M E N

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Emergency provision of livestock feed to destitute small-scale livestock owners in the republic of yemen

Objectives:To sustain the food security status of vulnerable small-scale livestock owners and farmers and prevent further loss of their productive assets through the provision of animal feed for their remaining livestock asset base.

Activities:Procurement, delivery and distribution of 10 000 tonnes of locally produced animal feed to small-scale destitute livestock owners, selected according to socio-economic and asset ownership criteria that will be determined in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation and local authorities.


Implementing Partners: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, local authorities and international NGOs.



Y E M E N

88

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“Chronic malnutrition in children under f ive years old has

reached 33 percent”

backgroundThe recent political advances in 2009 have had a marked impact on Zimbabwe’s devastated economy. Dollarization of the economy, accompanied by the easing of trade restrictions and removal of price controls have led to much better food availability throughout the country. Although there are uncertainties about likely progress in implementing the Global Political Agreement, all signs point to the country moving away from humanitarian crisis towards transition.

Recovery from almost a decade of instability and economic deterioration will take time and must be supported through humanitarian activities that both meet the immediate needs of the poorest population and lay the foundation for genuine socio-economic development. Chronic vulnerability remains, particularly in rural areas, linked to HIV prevalence rates of 13.7 percent and lack of access to food and basic social services, and reflected in a rate of chronic malnutrition in children under five years old that has reached 33 percent.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsAgriculture is central to the livelihoods of about 70 percent of Zimbabwe’s population. A decade ago, many rural, communal farmers would have relied on a mixture of remittances from family members in urban centres and their own production to ensure their food security. The almost complete collapse of the country’s economy, however, forced more and more people to depend on their own harvests to feed themselves and their families. Inefficient land and crop management practices and intensive production have led to declining soil fertility and falling yields across the country. The decline in the provision of extension services has meant farmers struggle to access appropriate training and information on good agricultural practices.

The 2008/09 agricultural season saw excellent rainfall conditions across most of Zimbabwe and resulted in good harvests. Despite this, there remains a significant food deficit due to the extreme shortage of essential inputs, including quality seeds, tools, fuel and draught power. Many farmers were forced to rely on second or third choice seeds and even on food aid grains to plant in the last season and remain in urgent need of assistance for the coming seasons. However, the opening of the country’s economy has provided an excellent opportunity to initiate market-oriented input distribution to prevent a continued reliance on external assistance.Deterioration of the national veterinary infrastructure and persistent shortage of veterinary drugs and vaccines have increased the risk of

Zimbabwe

FAO plans to assist the most vulnerable farming households, by providing seeds and

other inputs through input trade fairs.

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livestock mortality, threatening a key source of food and incomes. There is an urgent need to manage the recently emerging threat to both animal and human populations, reflected in the expansion of tsetse fly populations into wider areas. In addition, the smallholder poultry sector continues to see declining flock sizes as a result of Newcastle disease.

FAO responseFAO will continue to serve as lead of the Agriculture Cluster in 2010, with the objective of improving household food security and rebuilding livelihoods. In the past few years, the Organization has positioned itself as a key provider of essential, accurate and timely information on agriculture and food security for humanitarian and Government partners. In the coming year, FAO will continue to work with the Famine Early Warning Systems Network and the National Early Warning Unit to provide regular updates on the food security and agriculture situation in Zimbabwe. As the chair of the Agricultural Coordination Working Group, FAO plans to continue its efforts to bring representatives of UN agencies, NGOs, farmers’ unions, community groups, Government institutions and the private sector together to share information and ensure coordinated planning of programmes and interventions in 2010 to avoid overlap and reach the most vulnerable populations.

Livestock production plays an important role in the livelihoods of vulnerable rural households. However, the combined impact of animal diseases, limited resources and sale of livestock has severely reduced herd and flock sizes in the country. During 2010, FAO plans to support the restocking of poultry and mass vaccination of birds against Newcastle disease and ruminants against FMD and tick-borne diseases. Efforts will also be made to prevent the spread of tsetse fly to reduce infection rates among animals and humans.

In collaboration with NGO partners, FAO plans to assist the most vulnerable farming households, including young people and people living with HIV/AIDS, by providing crop and vegetable seeds and other inputs through input trade fairs and support to agrodealers; organizing Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools; and conducting training in post-harvest storage, food preservation, improved agronomic practices and nutrition. Higher yields will be encouraged through the promotion of conservation agriculture and better land and crop management practices accompanied by appropriate extension support and training.

Z I M B A B W E


Total funding of Zimbabwe Emergency Programme: USD 30 174 161 (1 Nov 2008 - 31 Oct 2009)

FundedUSD 26 617 73953%


47%

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livelihoods support for vulnerable children and youths through institutionalization of junior Farmer and life schools

Objectives: To reduce dependence on food aid and promote food security at the household level for vulnerable groups.

Activities:

Organize input and livestock trade fairs and distribute vouchers to beneficiaries; train and support beneficiaries in post-harvest storage and management; train youth groups in nutrition, gardening and food preservation techniques; promote the production of sustainable tree products; support young people’s livelihood projects (such as beekeeping, oil seed pressing and soap-making); organize Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools for vulnerable children and young people; support water harvesting at the community and household levels; and mainstream HIV/AIDS awareness into all activities.

Beneficiaries: 25 000 individuals (including 20 000 children and 5 000 young people).

Implementing partners:Ministry of Education, UNICEF, Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development, Tsungirirayi, Christian Care and World Vision.



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rural Agrodealer restocking programme (in partnership with the netherlands development Organization)

Objectives:To assist in renewing and creating sustainable business relationships between wholesalers and rural agrodealers. This will illustrate the potential of a market-driven approach for agricultural input distribution.

Activities:

Select wholesalers, sites and agrodealers in a timely manner, prioritizing female agrodealers; conduct a due diligence assessment of wholesalers and agrodealers and select local organizations to provide extension support, business training and HIV prevention and coping services; distribute agro-inputs (including quality seeds, fertilizers, agrochemicals, veterinary products and tools) in a timely manner for a wide variety of food crops; train agrodealers and farmers on improved farming techniques and promote crop diversification; and ensure continuous delivery of extension support throughout the season.

Beneficiaries: 300 000 households and 600 agrodealers.

Implementing partners: N/A.

Duration: March 2010 – June 2011.


Emergency control of epidemic foot-and-mouth disease in Zimbabwe

Objectives:To enhance household food security through improved marketing opportunities and asset protection by controlling FMD in Matabeleland North and South and Masvingo provinces.

Activities:

Procure vaccines; conduct vaccination (two rounds) of animals and control buffalo-cattle contact; organize training on surveillance, central data capture and animal movement; ensure coordinated meetings to facilitate cross-border harmonization of FMD control activities; collect reports, samples and guidelines and carry out laboratory tests; and analyse and produce reports and maps.

Beneficiaries: 350 000 animals belonging to 50 000 households.

Implementing partners: Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development.



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provision of dipping chemicals, dip tank management and improved community dipping services in communal areas of Zimbabwe

Objectives:To save the livestock assets of rural communities and protect their major source of livelihood; and gradually transfer the responsibility for dipping cattle in the communal sector from the Government to farmers.

Activities:

Procure dipping chemicals; distribute dipping chemicals to all rural Animal Health Management Centres; revive and train livestock dipping committees in dip tank and dipping service provision management; provide a platform and facilitate negotiations between livestock dipping committees and dip chemical manufacturing companies for procurement, storage and distribution of chemicals; and monitor and evaluate project activities.

Beneficiaries: 450 000 cattle owners.

Implementing partners:Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development and farmers’ unions.

Duration: January 2010 – June 2011.


resuscitation of tsetse target barriers along the tsetse front

Objectives:To save the livestock assets of rural communities in marginal rainfall areas, thus protecting their major source of livelihood through the resuscitation of the tsetse fly control target barrier programme; and prevent the tsetse fly from re-invading previously cleared areas.

Activities:Procure materials, odour chemicals and camping equipment; train staff in tsetse control techniques and strategies; distribute target materials, odour chemicals and camping equipment; deploy targets; and monitor and evaluate project activities.

Beneficiaries: 340 000 smallholder households.

Implementing partners: Department of Livestock Production and Veterinary Services – Tsetse Control Division.



Z I M B A B W E

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production of essential seed for smallholder farmers

Objectives:To establish reliable production, supply and distribution of legume and small grain seeds with local companies.

Activities:

Identify partners (including NGOs, farmers’ organizations, seed companies and Government services), zones, communities and farmers; develop a detailed plan of roles and responsibilities for seed production, including crops and varieties to be produced, area under production, training of farmers, farmer-seed producer contracts, supervision of production and purchasing and marketing arrangements; and implement seed production according to the developed plans.

Beneficiaries: NGOs.

Implementing partners: NGOs, Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development, Agritex, Rural District Councils and farmers.

Duration: January 2010 – August 2011.


Coordination of information systems around agriculture and food security

Objectives:To provide the humanitarian community active in the agriculture sector with appropriate coordination services to ensure consistency among interventions; and produce and disseminate accurate, timely and independent information on agriculture and food security to be used as a basis for programming and to inform policy.

Activities:

Train agricultural extension workers on data collection; undertake data collection on agriculture and food security indicators in 80 sentinel sites; analyse data, prepare reports and disseminate information to all stakeholders; organize IPC training and dissemination workshops; implement pilot projects as recommended by technical working groups; and implement national surveys (rural and urban ZimVAC and First and Second Round Crop Assessments).

Beneficiaries: Government departments, humanitarian organizations, research institutes and UN agencies.

Implementing partners:Agritex, National Early Warning Unit, ZimVAC Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development and UN agencies.



Z I M B A B W E

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newcastle disease control and poultry production in rural areas of Zimbabwe

Objectives:To protect assets and increase poultry production through support to the Department of Veterinary Services in the control of Newcastle disease in communal areas of Zimbabwe.

Activities:Support poultry production through restocking with indigenous poultry types and assistance to the production of broilers and layers under arrangements with commercial companies (contract farming); and carry out mass vaccinations of chickens in all rural districts.

Beneficiaries: 11 million birds belonging to 900 000 households.

Implementing partners:Department of Livestock Production and Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development and NGO partners.



improved food security and livelihoods for rural communities through advanced land-use and management practices (conservation farming) and contract growing (joint project with Practical Empowerment and Networking Youth Association [PENYA] Trust)

Objectives:To improve food and livelihood security for rural households through improved land-use and management practices.

Activities:

Design a training and extension programme for project agents and farmers on improved agronomic practices (soil and water management practices, use and correct application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, integrated pest management, etc.); procure inputs; create farmers’ groups and linkages with the private sector for contract growing; supervise contract growing arrangements; distribute inputs; provide training and extension services to farmers; and carry out continuous monitoring and evaluation.


Implementing partners: Zimbabwe Farmers’ Union, Zimbabwe Commercial Farmers’ Union, Commercial Farmers’ Union and Agritex.

Duration: April 2010 – October 2013.


Z I M B A B W E

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Livelihoods support for vulnerable groups (joint project with Masvingo Community Skills Empowerment Trust [MACOSET], PENYA Trust, Africare, Development Aid from People to People [DAPP], Farmers’ Association of Community Self‑Help Investment Groups [FACHIG], Africa Self‑help Assistance Programme, Oxfam Great Britain, ADRA Zimbabwe and Zimbabwe Women Rural Development Trust [ZWRDT])

Objectives: To reduce dependence on food aid and promote food security at the household level for vulnerable groups.

Activities:

Organize input and livestock trade fairs and distribute vouchers to beneficiaries; train and support beneficiaries in post-harvest storage and management; train youth groups in nutrition, gardening and food preservation techniques; promote the production of sustainable tree products; support young people’s livelihood projects (such as beekeeping, oil seed pressing and soap making); organize Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools for vulnerable children and young people; support water harvesting at the community and household levels; and mainstream HIV/AIDS awareness into all activities.

Beneficiaries: 60 000 households (including 20 000 children).

Implementing partners: N/A.

Duration: April 2010 – April 2013.


Improved food security for rural households through conservation agriculture (joint project with ZWRDT, Zimbabwe trust, Africare, norwegian people’s Aid, World Vision Zimbabwe, Africa 2000 network, Manicaland Development Association [MDA] and Christian Aid)

Objectives: To improve the food security of rural households through conservation agriculture.

Activities:Select beneficiaries; procure and distribute agricultural inputs; train beneficiaries on conservation agriculture, micro-dosing, improved land use and management practices and principles; provide extension support throughout the project; and ensure continuous monitoring and evaluation of the project.


Implementing partners: Agritex and Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development.

Duration: April 2010 – May 2013.


Z I M B A B W E

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Market‑based provision of basic agricultural inputs and extension support to smallholder farmers, with free inputs only to the most vulnerable (joint project with Christian Care, New Hope Child Environmental Trust, Africa 2000 Network, Concern, FACHIG, Zimbabwe Project Trust, Zimbabwe Community Development Trust, mACOsEt and goal)

Objectives:To increase the productivity of smallholder farmers through input and extension support and training on improved crop management practices.

Activities:

Select geographical areas for intervention based on vulnerability assessments; select beneficiaries; procure and distribute inputs on time to the most vulnerable farmers; organize training on production and processing of promoted crops; provide training and extension on improved agronomic practices throughout the project; and monitor the project and conduct impact assessment.


Implementing partners: Agritex and Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development.

Duration: April 2010 – June 2011.


improving nutrition and dietary diversity for vulnerable households through vegetable- and garden-based activities (joint project with ZWRDT, Christian Care, Oxfam Great Britain, Christian Aid, Action contre la faim, Africa 2000 network, World Vision international, mdA and dApp)

Objectives:To improve nutrition status through vegetable production; improve dietary diversity; increase knowledge of post-harvest processing; and increase HIV and nutrition knowledge through training.

Activities:Select beneficiaries; establish gardens; procure and distribute inputs; organize training on vegetable and fruit production and food preparation and preservation; conduct Nutrition Care and Support for PLWHA and Healthy Harvest training; monitor the project; and conduct impact assessments.


Implementing partners: Agritex, Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanization and Irrigation Development and Ministry of Health.



Z I M B A B W E

The FAO COmpOnenT OF The 2010 COnsOlidATed AppeAls

preparing for, and responding to,food and agricul ture threats and emergencies

www. fao.o rg /emergenc ies

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