T H E D E PA RT M E N T O F E N V I R O N M E N TA L H E A LT H A N D S A F E T Y

SCULPTURE

July 2013

ART SAFETY

It is a common misconception that Art is a non-hazardous occupation This mindset may place personnel/students at greater

risk

• Information covered OSHA Hazard Communication Physical Hazards Health Hazards Route of Entry/Exposure Personal Protective Equipment

HOLISTIC SAFETY

• Safety=Healthy Living• Smoking greatly increases the chances of

developing health complications when mixed with exposure to other toxic substances.• Drinking alcohol can interact with certain

solvents to cause severe damage quickly.• Tips: • Exercise• Eat a low-fat/high fiber diet• Eat less meat/more grains and

vegetables• Aim for good mental health

and self-development

SCULPTURE RELATED HAZARDS

• Dust Hazard• Particles may end up in eyes, ears, nose, mouth

• Physical Injuries• Equipment may pinch, crush, cut

• Toxins• Rubbers, solvents, waxes, metals, and fluxes may contain toxins that can be

absorbed through the skin if handled with bare skin or inhaled when heated

• Fires• Kilns, hotplates, and flying sparks from grinding and welding may ignite

nearby combustibles

• Burns• Working with molten metals and kiln. Remember that metal retains heat.

• Electrocution• Welding power supplies generate dangerously high currents

• UV Over-exposure (Sun Burn)• UV light from welding causes sun burn to exposed skin and burned cornea

(Arc Eyes)

SCULPTURE AREAS

• Wood shop – ??• Metal shop – RUST. • Ceramic shell room – RUST. • Wax room – RUST. • Foundry – RUST. Outdoor Patio NW Side of

Building

• Familiarize yourself with the hazards associated with each area.• Note nearest emergency devices and exits.• Never work alone in any of these areas.

HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD

• Covers all employees who work with hazardous chemicals• UTRGV extends this to students

• Purpose is to reduce injuries and illnesses related to chemical use

• The standard states that individuals who work with hazardous chemicals have the right to know:• What chemical substances are present in the products they handle • What health effects these chemicals are capable of causing in the

event of overexposure • What precautions are necessary to protect from exposure • What physical hazards (e.g., fire, explosion) are possible if the

product is not handled properly • How to properly handle the product in order to avoid hazards

KEYS TO LABORATORY SAFETY

• Never work alone. Always use the “buddy system”.• Familiarize yourself with all equipment/substances.• Know their names, read instruction manuals, read MSDS, know

their health effects and hazards, and follow all safety rules.

• Do not use any equipment unless you have been properly trained to do so by your instructor.

• Give the equipment your undivided attention and stay alert for any hazards.• Ex. malfunctioning equipment, horseplay near the work area

• Know how to protect yourself with the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE)

• Know all first aid and emergency procedures before you begin working with the equipment/substances.• Know where all emergency response equipment is located nearest

to the laboratory.

• Know where all exits are located nearest to the laboratory and have an exit strategy.

NEVER WORK ALONE

• Undergraduate Student• Requires another student (from

Ceramics), faculty, or staff to be present at all times

• Graduate Student• Requires any responsible adult

to be present at all times• Recommended that they are

familiar with the facility

Arrange for someone to be with you especially after regular University office hours (8 a.m. to 5 p.m.)

EMERGENCY RESPONSE EQUIPMENT

• Fire Extinguisher • West end of foundry area near NW entrance to

building• East end of foundry area near dry clay storage

room #

• First aid cabinet• Contains over 20 products to choose from• Located in the hallway near the ??

• Automated external defibrillator (AED)• For use in case of cardiac arrest• Located in hallway near the RUST.

• Safety eyewash station• For use in case of contamination or clothing fire• Eyewash stations located RUST.

In an emergency,

every second counts.

Be prepared.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)

• Procedures for handling or working with any substance in a safe manner• Physical data (melting point, boiling point, flash point, etc.)• Toxicity• Health effects• First aid• Reactivity• Storage• Disposal• Protective equipment• Spill-handling procedures

• Search online for information on any substance• Ask someone to help you find MSDS information

• DEHS website under Laboratory Safety MSDS

• Carlos Gomez - Supervisor, Art Department

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Respirator MaskWelding Helmet Safety Goggles

Thermal Gloves Closed Toed ShoesRespirator (with filters)

PURCHASE A RESPIRATOR

• Efficient respirators are available at most good hardware stores and home improvement centers, but generally only in a size that fits the “average” face. (You may need to shop online for smaller or larger sizes.)

• Always make sure that you get a twin-element “half-mask” respirator with a resilient rubber face piece, equipped with P-100 HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) cartridges or filters designed to protect you from very fine dust. • “Half-mask” means that it covers your mouth and nose, but not

your eyes, as compared to a full-mask respirator with oxygen supply such as firemen wear.

• Change filters as recommended.• Secure personal PPE in lockers and label mask with name.

ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES

• Absorption• Caused by direct skin contact• Solution: Wear gloves and protective clothing. Immediately rinse

off any splashed chemicals or dust.

• Injection• Caused by improper handling of sharps (pointed tools) or working

with open wounds• Solution: Handle sharp objects with care and cover wounds while

working.

• Ingestion• Caused by eating, drinking, smoking, touching mouth with

contaminated hands, storing foods near chemicals• Solution: No food or candy is allowed in the Sculpture areas.

• Inhalation• Caused by working in poorly ventilated areas• Solution: Wear respirator in a well-ventilated area

YOU ARE YOUR OWN CANARY

• Be aware of your body. • If you feel dizzy or ill or

develop rashes, a sore throat, etc. stop what you are doing and investigate the situation.• Your body usually hints of

danger before permanent damage is done.• Beware of “the zone”• You may get into your work

so thoroughly you don’t realize that you’re hurting yourself.

STORAGE OF CHEMICALS

• Chemicals should arrive with label in good condition• Chemical name• Manufacturer information (name and address)• Hazard warnings

• Make sure labels are legible• If transferring to different container, must label new

container with chemical name and warnings.

• Use appropriate storage containers and keep area clean and well-organized• Flammables cabinet• Hazardous waste container• Designated bins for powders and shelves for bottled glazes

SAFETY SHOWER/EYEWASH STATION

• Know where the nearest safety shower/eye wash station is located• Rust. __________• Know the procedures for using

these devices• On-the-spot decontamination• For use in case of exposure to

chemicals• For use in flushing out eye

contaminants• Rinse for at least 15 minutes• For use in extinguishing clothing fires• Seek medical attention

POWER TOOLS

• May Use the Following:• Hand held tools • grinders, belt sanders, drills, saws)

• Welding machines (MIG, TIG, Stick)• Spot welder• Plate joiner• Plasma Cutter• Needle gun• Nail Gun• Dremel tool• Air hammer/chisel• Various Saws• jig, circular, reciprocal, sliding miter, panel, electric chain, table, band

• Fork lift, Hydraulic lift• Compressed air• Sand blaster

POWER TOOL GENERAL SAFETY

• Never distract or startle someone who is using a power tool.• Never operate while tired or under the influence of drugs,

alcohol, or medication.• Power tools may only be operated by properly trained

individuals.• Never work in damp areas.• Read the instruction manual for that specific device before

operating.• Dress appropriately for the task, do not wear loose clothing or

jewelry, contain long hair.• Always wear eye protection.• Always wear hearing protection.• Maintain a safe working environment. (well lit, clean, dry)• Keep bystanders away or have them wear PPE as well.• No children or pets should be in the work area.

POWER TOOL RELATED INJURIES

OTHER TOOLS

• May Use the Following:• Hand Chisel with Hammer• Propane Torch – cutting, heating, braising, soldering• Hotplate• Hot tools for wax work• Hot glue gun• Solder gun• Bolt Cutters• Heat Gun

• Never use tools that are damaged.• Use tools only for what they were designed for.• Sharp or hot instruments should be used by applying

gentle force away from your body and limbs.

HEARING PROTECTION

• Hearing damage can occur at 85+ decibels.• Decibel (dB) Levels:• Normal conversation 60• Belt sander 82-93• Band saw 94-95• Welding machine 99-100• Cross cut saw 98-101• Impact gun 91-107• Metal saw 105-108• Grinder 83-110• Pneumatic nail gun 95-115• Chainsaw 95-115• Abrasive cutter 100-115• Compound miter saw 100-120• Blaster 107-120• Compressor 101-123

You can prevent permanent hearing loss

with quality hearing protection.

MATERIALS

• May Use the Following:• Resins• Silicone rubber (Skin/eye irritant)• Urethane rubber (Skin/eye irritant, Inhalation hazard, carcinogenic)• Latex rubber (Eye irritant, may cause allergic reaction to skin, Inhalation

hazard from ammonia vapor)• Alginate (May cause dry feeling to skin, eye irritant, prolonged exposure to

crystalline silica may cause chronic lung injury)• Various Waxes• Molten Metals (Aluminum, Bronze)

• Wear appropriate skin protection• Work in well-ventilated area. Do not breathe dust. Wear a

respirator.• Do not eat or drink in work area. Do not touch mouth. No smoking.• Wash hands thoroughly after working with these materials• Wash clothing before reuse.

WAXES

• Many different types of waxes are used for modeling, carving, and casting. • beeswax, ceresin, carnauba, tallow, paraffin, and micro-

crystalline wax, synthetic chlorinated waxes.

• Solvents used to dissolve various waxes include alcohol, acetone, benzene, turpentine, ether, and carbon tetrachloride. • Wax can be melted for casting in a double boiler.• Additives used with waxes include rosin, dyes,

petroleum jelly, mineral oil, and many solvents.

WAX HAZARDS

• Overheating wax can result in the release of flammable wax vapors, as well as in the decomposition of the wax to release acrolein fumes and other decomposition products which are highly irritating by inhalation. • Acrolein has a piercing, disagreeable, acrid smell.• Explosions have occurred from heating wax that contained water.

• Some solvents are toxic• Alcohol and acetone are slightly toxic solvents by skin contact and

inhalation• Benzene and turpentine are moderately toxic by skin contact,

inhalation, and ingestion. • Carbon tetrachloride is extremely toxic, possibly causing liver cancer and

severe liver damage, even from small exposures. Exposure to carbon tetrachloride can be fatal by skin absorption or inhalation.

• Chlorinated synthetic waxes are highly toxic by skin contact and skin absorption, causing a severe form of acne (chloracne). Some may be contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are highly toxic, causing chloracne, liver problems, and possibly cancer of the pancreas and melanoma (a fatal form of skin cancer).

WAX PRECAUTIONS

• Do not overheat waxes. Use a double boiler and a temperature-controlled hot plate, or a crock pot.• Do not use an open flame to melt waxes.

• Use the least hazardous solvent to dissolve your wax. • Do not use carbon tetrachloride under any

circumstances.

• Store solvents safely• Do not smoke or have open flames near solvents. • Dispose of solvent-soaked rags in an approved

waste disposal container which is emptied daily. • Do not use chlorinated synthetic waxes.

CHEMICALS

• May Use the Following:• Propane Fuel• Alcohol• Rubber Solvents• Wax Solvents

• Store flammable solvents in flammables cabinet.• All chemicals must be clearly labeled with chemical name.• Do not inhale the fumes produced by these solvents.• Work in well-ventilated areas

• Never put anything into your mouth while working around these chemicals.• No food, drink, gum, candy, cigarettes, make-up, etc.

• Never dispose of these solvents down the sink. • Absorb with towels and discard in appropriate waste container

EXAMPLES OF CHEMICALS IN ART FACILITY

HOT PLATE AND HOT TOOLS

• Hazards:• Burns• Do not touch the

surface of the hotplate or materials being heated with the device.

• Fires• Do not place near

combustible materials.

• Electric Shock• Do not allow cord to

melt from heat.• Check cord before use.

Turn off when not in use.…………………………………………………………….…………..

Do not leave unattended.

HAND OR AIR HAMMER AND CHISEL

• Hazards:• Flying debris• Use safety glasses with side shields or

face shield.• Do not use broken or damaged tools.

• Hand injuries• Wear leather gloves.

• Ringing ears• Wear hearing protection.

• Power tool precautions:• Use both hands• Keep fingers away from trigger until you

are ready to work.• Keep your limbs and body clear of the tool

head• Cease operation if chisel becomes

damaged.• Never point the tool or air hose at anyone.• Keep bystanders clear of the area.

ELECTRIC KILN

• Hazards:• Burns (Temperatures range from 1650°F

to 3100°F)• Use thermal gloves when handling a kiln.• Never touch the outside of the kiln with bare

skin.

• Fires• Keep combustibles away from kiln.• Kiln should have a foot of clearance all around.

• Electric shock• Outlet designed for high voltage.• Do not touch element while operating.

• Inhalation of volatiles• Operate in well-ventilated area only.

• Back injuries• Use proper form while loading/unloading (back

straight, bend at knees)

• Eye injuries• Do not look into an operating kiln without kiln

safety goggles (UV and flying particle protection)

Know where the gas shut-off valves are located and how to

turn them off.

COMBUSTIBLES YOU MAY ENCOUNTER

• Saw dust• Newspaper• Dry cow dung• Leaves

Warning! Keep the main storage containers for these items away

from all heat sources (kilns, furnaces, hotplates,

welding sparks, grinding sparks, etc.).

PROPANE, BUTANE, OR ACETYLENE TORCH

• Hazards:• Fires• Note where nearest fire extinguisher is located.• Never work near flammables.• Always work in a clean area.• Never tilt torch more than 60* from upright position. (Torch is filled with liquid or

gas and this may enter the valve and cause flame to flare.)• Always turn off torch when not in use.

• Toxic Fumes• Always work in a well-ventilated area.

• Personal Injury• Eye and Skin Hazard – May cause burns

or frostbite• Inhalation Hazard – May cause asphyxiation• Wear required PPE:

• Safety Glasses• Flame-retardant gloves• Long sleeves/long pants • Tie long hair back• No dangling jewelry

When working with flammables, wear natural fibers

like cotton or denim that are tightly woven and thick.

Polyester and nylon can cause severe injury as they tend to shrink as they burn and can

stick to your skin.

SLURRY MIXER TANK

• Danger: Moving parts

• Do not reach into the tank while in operation.

• No dangling clothing, loose hair, or jewelry.

SAND BATH

• Danger: Flying sand granules• Do not inhale dust.• Wear respirator.• Wear eye protection

TABLE SAW 1 OF 3

• Unplug the machine and check for operational safety before you start.• Make sure that the blade is free

of any materials and that all guards are in place.

• Never operate this machine with the throat plate removed.

• Adjust the height of the blade as close to the thickness of the material as possible.

• Know where the plug is located. It should be within easy reach.

• Make sure area around machine is free of any slip hazards. (Ex. people, sawdust, debris)

TABLE SAW 2 OF 3

• Keep bystanders away from the area and refrain from conversation while working.

• Dress appropriately and wear personal protective equipment (PPE).• Wear safety glasses with side shields or face mask, hearing protection, and

dust mask. • Do NOT use gloves while the blade is moving. (Gloves may become

entangled in blade.) • Remove loose garments and/or jewelry. Roll up long sleeves. Tie back long

hair.

• Material being cut should be dry and flat and firmly planted against the table.

• Stand with feet firmly planted on the ground while cutting to avoid falling into blade.

• Give the work your undivided attention and plan ahead.• Note any imperfections in material that may cause sudden shifts

while cutting.

TABLE SAW 3 OF 3

• Always keep fingers and hands at least 3 inches away from the blade.

• Always keep fingers and hands away from the intended path of the blade.

• Never use your thumbs to push toward the blade.• Never reach above or behind the blade while the blade is moving.• Use safety devices to cut items, especially small pieces. (Push

sticks, fence, etc.) • Do not force a cut. This is an indication that something is wrong

with your setup.• Feed the material evenly and slowly.• Release the material only after it has been pushed completely

through the blade.• Never back out of a cut while the blade is moving.• Never leave the machine running while unattended.

BAND SAW 1 OF 3

• Unplug the machine and check for operational safety before you start.• Use the proper blade for the job.

Ask instructor for details.• The teeth of the saw should point

down toward the table.• The blade should be aligned at

the center of the wheel.• The blade guard should be

lowered down as close to the material as possible.

• Wheel guard doors should be closed.

• Know where the plug is located. It should be within easy reach.

• Make sure area around machine is free of any slip hazards. (Ex. people, sawdust, debris)

BAND SAW 2 OF 3

• Keep bystanders away from right-hand area.• Broken blades tend to fly to the right.

• Dress appropriately and wear personal protective equipment (PPE).• Wear safety glasses with side shields or face mask, hearing protection,

and dust mask.• Do NOT use gloves while the blade is moving. (Gloves may become

entangled in blade.) • Remove loose garments and/or jewelry. Roll up long sleeves. Tie back

long hair.• Material being cut should be firmly planted against the table.• Stand with feet firmly planted on the ground while cutting to avoid falling

into blade. • Give the work your undivided attention and plan ahead.• Note any imperfections in material that may cause sudden shifts while

cutting.• Always keep fingers and hands at least 3 inches away from the blade.• Always keep fingers and hands away from the intended path of the blade.• Never use your thumbs to push toward the blade.

BAND SAW 3 OF 3

• Use safety devices to cut items, especially small pieces. (Push sticks, fence, etc.)

• Do not force a cut. This is an indication that something is wrong with your setup.

• Feed the material evenly and slowly.

• Never back out of a cut while the blade is moving.

• Never clear small pieces by hand while the blade is moving.

• Make relief cuts prior to cutting curves to relieve tension on the blade.

• If a blade breaks, shut the machine off and stand clear.

• Never leave the machine running while unattended.

BAND SAW

COMPOUND SLIDE MITER SAW 1 OF 2

• Wear safety goggles or glasses with side shields.

• Wear hearing protection.• Do not operate the saw without the

guards and fence in place.• Wait for the blade to reach full speed

before lowering the saw head to make a cut.

• Keep the cord away from the cutting area and position it so that it will not be tripped over or caught on the work piece while you are cutting.

• Do not place hands under the saw motor or in the path of the blade. Do not retrieve a piece of material that is cut off while the blade is rotating. Never place hands or fingers behind or in front of the saw blade.

COMPOUND SLIDE MITER SAW 2 OF 2

• If you stop the saw in mid-cut, allow the blade to stop, then raise the saw out of the cut. Then restart the saw.

• Push through. Do not pull saw through work.• Always allow the saw to do the work. Forcing the tool may stall or overheat

the motor.• If the blade stalls, do not turn the switch on and off. Release the switch

immediately if the blade binds or the saw stalls and remove the saw from the cut.

• Avoid cutting nails. Inspect wood before cutting.• Always wait for the blade to stop completely.• Unplug the tool before changing accessories or making adjustments.• Do not cut stone, brick, concrete, or ferrous metals (iron, steel,

stainless steel, or alloys of these metals) with this saw.• Do not use abrasive wheels with this saw. Dust created by cutting

these materials and/or using abrasive cut-off wheels can jam the blade guard and possibly cause personal injury.

• Keep work area clean to avoid slipping.• Stand firmly with legs apart. Use slip resistant shoes.

PANEL SAW

• Hazards:• Dust inhalation

• Can be toxic. Work in well-ventilated area and use appropriate PPE

• Risk of injury• Wear safety goggles or glasses with side shields. • Never look down the line of cut because dust and debris are

generated during operation.• Make sure teeth of saw are not engaged in material before

turning on.• Do not place hands on or under saw carriage or in the path

of the saw blade.• Do not cut material that has a width smaller than that of the

saw carriage.• Do not use push sticks. Push sticks or the work piece can

kick back, cause the blade to pinch, or become caught in the blade and be thrown from the tool.

• Cross-cutting (vertical cutting) should always be done from top down.

• Always shield bystanders from the tool.• Avoid cutting nails. Inspect wood before cutting.• Always unplug the tool before attaching or removing

accessories. Use only specifically recommended accessories.

Always read the instruction manual carefully before using any power tool or

electrical appliance.

ELECTRIC CHAIN SAW

• Hazards:• Flying debris

• Wear eye protection• Do not use near flammables

• Noise• Wear hearing protection

• Moving parts• Wear leather gloves, steel-toe shoes that are anti-slip.• No loose clothing, Tie back long hair, No dangling

jewelry • Keep hands clear. Never reach across the moving

blade.• Do not use excessive force. • Work comfortably and in good health and physical

strength. • Use both hands to operate the saw. • Turn off power before performing any maintenance.

• Electric shock• Use a heavy duty extension cord• Be careful not to trip over the extension cord• Do not cut into the extension cord• Do not use while standing in wet area

RECIPROCATING SAW

• Hazards:• Flying debris

• Wear eye protection• Do not use near flammables

• Noise• Wear hearing protection

• Moving parts• Wear leather gloves, steel-toe shoes that are anti-slip.• No loose clothing, Tie back long hair, No dangling jewelry • Keep hands clear. Never reach across the moving blade.• Do not use excessive force. • Work comfortably and in good health and physical

strength. • Use both hands to hold the saw.• Turn off power before performing any maintenance.• Never operate with the blade guard removed.

• Electric shock• Use a heavy duty extension cord• Be careful not to trip over the extension cord• Do not cut into the extension cord• Do not use while standing in wet area

CIRCULAR SAW

• Dust Inhalation Hazard and Risk of Injury• Before plugging in, check the condition of the blade.

Do not use the saw if the blade looks damaged or worn.

• Inspect the wood to be cut very carefully especially if the material is second hand. Remove nails and screws from the material before cutting with a circular saw. Potentially serious accidents can take place if the rotating blade of a circular saw hits a steel screw or nail.

• Wear goggles to protect eyes from dust/chippings and a respiratory to prevent breathing in dangerous dust particles.

• Always read the manufacturers instructions very carefully and follow them.

• Always seek instruction / training from an appropriately qualified instructor before using any tools, especially power tools.

• Make sure that the power cord cannot be tripped over or that it causes a hazard in anyway.

• Clamp the material to be cut/shaped to a firm workbench before starting.

• Keep hands and fingers away from the rotating blade.• Control the saw with both hands.

DRILL PRESS 1 OF 2

• PPE: Goggles, respirator, hearing protection.

• Do not wear gloves or loose clothing. They can become entangled in the moving bit.

• Use a clamp or vise to securely fasten the stock to the drill press table. Never attempt to handhold stock while drilling.

• Never start the machine without the table clear of everything except the stock you are drilling.

• Keep hands and fingers at least 3” from rotating drill bits.

• When drilling deep holes, frequently raise the drill bit from the hole to remove cuttings and cool the bit.

DRILL PRESS 2 OF 2

• If a drill bit binds, turn off the drill press and carefully turn drill chuck backwards by hand to free the drill bit.

• Never reach around or under a rotating drill bit or grab the chuck to stop a drill press. This can result in hand puncture or other serious injury.

• Turn the drill press off before looking up or walking away from the machine.

• Never stop the rotation of the drill chuck, spindle, or stock rotating on bit with your hands or fingers.

• Don’t touch the drill bit and shavings since they are hot immediately after drilling.

• Always clean the drill press table and work area upon completion of the drilling task. Do not use your hands or blow the drill shavings, use a bench brush.

GRINDER INJURY 1 OF 2

• On the day of the incident, a 20 year old employee changed a wheel but failed to spot that the replacement had a hairline fracture. When he used the grinder, the wheel spilt and it flew out of the tool. A fragment burst through his visor and struck him in the face causing a grinder injury.• He suffered a fractured skull and severe facial

injuries, which required significant medical treatment. He underwent a five-hour operation to remove a piece of bone, which was touching his brain, before further reconstructive surgery was carried out.

GRINDER INJURY 2 OF 2

• Right-handed, 40 year old male was injured when the angle grinder he was using kicked back from the edge of a wooden plank. He sustained an open soft tissue wound involving the right upper lip, philtrum, and nasal tip. The wounds were contaminated with material from the abrasive wheel and also the wooden plank. His wounds were debrided, carefully and closed in layers under general anesthesia. He recovered well post operatively and was discharged from clinic 9 months later

ANGLE GRINDER 1 OF 3

• Kickbacks can result in severe cuts and discs can shatter or disintegrate producing fragments which may become lodged in the operator’s eyes or other parts of the body.

• When using an angle grinder ensure that the correct grinding disc is

• used for the type of task being performed. • Never use discs that have not been

designed for the type of tasks you are doing.

• Guards must not be removed. • The guard should cover half of the

disc and be positioned between the disc and the operator.

ANGLE GRINDER 2 OF 3

• Allow the grinder to ‘run up’ to operating speed before applying it to the job.

• Hold the grinder against the work piece with minimum pressure, so the disc does not “dig in” and cause it to kickback.

• Never bump the grinder onto the object, or let the disc hit any other object while grinding.

• Keep the grinding disc at a 15 to 30 degree angle to the object.

• Ensure the work piece is held firmly, either as part of a larger item or in a bench vice.

• Where possible, keep the work at waist height during grinding.

• Adopt a comfortable stance with feet apart so you feel well balanced and ensure you have a clear view of the job.

• Never use a grinder between the legs while sitting on the floor.

ANGLE GRINDER 3 OF 3

• Stop at regular intervals for a short break to rest your hands and arms.

• Never put a grinder down until the disc stops rotating.• Remove the plug from the power point before changing

discs.• Disconnect the power and place the grinder on a bench

with the disc facing upwards when not in use.• Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment• (PPE). The following PPE are recommended:• Wide vision goggles, safety glasses or a face shield• Ear muffs• Safety boots with steel toecaps• Overalls or other fitted clothing• Well-fitted gloves that allow a good grip of the tool

BELT GRINDER

Internet Story:• I was grinding away on these

small parts on a belt grinder. I was using 4 of my fingers to manipulate the part, and the other 6 were just hanging around the belt. I didn't realize what a safety hazard this could be until one of my fingers just touched the edge of the belt...I had no idea that it’s like a razor when it’s running! • Be sure all fingers are clear of the

belt. Tuck unused fingers towards the palms of your hand so they are clear of they belt.

• The edge of the belt when running is like a razor. It will cut you like you wouldn't believe!

BELT SANDER

• Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield.

• Wear a dust respirator for dusty operations. • Make sure the sander is switched "OFF"

before connecting the power supply.• Disconnect power supply before changing a

sanding belt, making adjustments, or emptying dust collector.

• Inspect sanding belts before using them. Replace those belts worn or frayed.

• Adjust sanding belt tension to keep the belt running true and at the same speed as pulley drum.

• Keep hands away from a sanding belt. • Use two hands to operate sanders - one on

a trigger switch and the other on a front handle knob.

• Keep all cords clear of sanding area during use.

• Clean dust from the motor and vents at regular intervals.

STAPLE/NAIL GUN

• Never aim or fire a nail gun towards or anyone near you.

• Do not press the trigger unless the nose of the gun — the contact element — is pressed firmly against the work material.

• Don’t ever hold your finger near the trigger when carrying the nail gun, even though the trigger is the tool’s center of gravity.

• Clear jams or adjust the nail gun only when it is disconnected from the air supply.

• Avoid nailing into knots or metal, since nails are more likely to ricochet. Dense materials such as laminated beams are also difficult to nail.

• Don’t remove or bypass safety devices, triggers or contact springs.

• If a nail gun is not working correctly, tag it and take it out of service. Defective tools are dangerous.

• Wear appropriate PPE• Eye protection• Hearing protection• Work gloves

NEEDLE GUN

• Make sure nothing is obstructing the moving parts. • No loose clothing that could become

caught in the needle gun. Tie back long hair.

• Tiny fragments of rust and paint will constantly be flying off the surface you’re working on. • Wear safety goggles. • Wear good gloves.

• Hold the gun at an angle of 90 degrees to the metal to avoid slips and injury.

• Ensure that the needles are sharp in order for them to do their work. • If they become blunt, they can break and

this will leave tiny pieces of metal flying around at very high velocities.

• Before using your needle gun on metal, you need to make sure the metal is clean. This ensures the needles won’t slip on the metal and cause an injury.

WELDING SAFETY TIPS

• Do not operate welding power supply unless properly trained by your instructor.

• If you think the welder is faulty, discontinue use immediately and report the problem to your instructor.

• Wear eye and face protection• UV and heat protection

• Wear protective clothing• Dark clothing works best to reduce reflection

under the face shield. • Heavier materials, such as wool clothing, heavy

cotton or leather, are preferred as they resist deterioration.

• Materials that can melt or cause severe burn due to sparks that may lodge in rolled-up sleeves, pockets of clothing or pant cuffs are not recommended.

• Work in well ventilated area• Look up MSDS of materials being worked with

• Work behind a welders screen

SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW)

• Common name: Stick Welding• Uses “stick electrode” to lay

the weld• a consumable electrode coated in

flux• The flux disintegrates and forms a

protective shield of gas and slag during the welding process

• An electric current is generated from a welding power supply to create an arc between the electrode and the metals to be joined• A/C – alternating current• D/C – direct current

METAL INERT GAS (MIG) WELDING

• A continuous and consumable wire electrode and shielding gas are fed through a welding gun to lay the weld• Methods of metal transfer:• Globular• Short-circuiting• Spray• Pulse spray

TUNGSTEN INERT GAS (TIG) WELDING

• Uses non-consumable tungsten electrode to lay the weld• A constant-current

welding power supply produces energy which is conducted across the arc through a column of highly ionized gas and metal vapors known as a plasma

HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK WHILE WELDING

• Insulate your body from the metal you are welding.

• Do not rest you body, arms, or legs on the work piece (the metal being welded), especially if your clothing is wet or bare skin is exposed (and it should not be if you are dressed properly).

• Use plywood, rubber mats or some other dry insulation to stand or lie upon.

• Wear dry gloves in good condition when welding.

• Do not touch the electrode or metal parts of the electrode holder with bare skin or wet clothing.

PHOTOKERATITIS (CORNEAL INFLAMMATION FROM UV LIGHT)

• Also known as arc eye or welders eye• Painful eye condition caused by exposure of

insufficiently protected eyes to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from either natural or artificial sources.

• Sunburn of the cornea• Not usually noticed until several hours after

exposure.• Symptoms include increased tears and a feeling of

pain, likened to having sand in the eyes. May cause temporary blindness, severe headache, and spots in vision.

• The injury may be prevented by wearing eye protection that blocks most of the ultraviolet radiation, such as welding goggles with the proper filters, a welder's helmet.

• The condition is usually managed by removal from the source of ultraviolet, covering the corneas, and administration of pain relief.

• Precautions:• Always wear appropriate PPE• Work behind a welders screen• Alert others in the area that you will be working

WELDER FUME EXPOSURE

• Ozone (O3)• Produced by ultraviolet light from the welding arc. • Produced in greater quantities by gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding,

and plasma arc cutting. • Ozone is a highly active form of oxygen and can cause great irritation to all

mucous membranes. Symptoms of ozone exposure include headache, chest pain, and dryness of the upper respiratory tract. Excessive exposure can cause fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).

• Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NO2)• Produced by the ultraviolet light of the arc from the nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O2) in

the air. • Produced by gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, and plasma arc

cutting. • Even greater quantities are formed if the shielding gas contains nitrogen.• Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), one of the oxides formed, has the greatest health effect.

• This gas is irritating to the eyes, nose and throat but dangerous concentrations can be inhaled without any immediate discomfort.

• High concentrations can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).

• Avoid inhaling these fumes. Always work in well ventilated area.

PLASMA ARC CUTTER 1 OF 2

• Wear appropriate PPE when using the plasma arc cutter.• Clothing should be wool or cotton, long sleeves, leather shoes (High Top),

leather gloves and leather apron. • Never wear synthetic clothing when using the plasma arc cutter, many

synthetics are highly flammable. • Hearing protection should be worn when operating the plasma arc cutter.

• Always wear recommended eye protection for the plasma cutter.• Work in a well ventilated area. The plasma arc cutter process

generates fumes.• The operator should position himself/herself so there will be minimum

exposure o fumes during the cutting process. • Fumes from certain metals can be toxic and in some cases fatal. Avoid

cutting these metals with the plasma arc cutter in the school setting.

• Never use the plasma arc cutter in areas where combustible or explosive gases or materials are located.

• Avoid plasma arc cutting use in areas which house chlorinated solvents and cleaners.

PLASMA ARC CUTTER 2 OF 2

• Never touch any parts on the plasma arc cutter that are electrically connected. The plasma arc cutter uses high amperage and produces high voltage which can cause severe or fatal electrical shock.

• Disconnect the electrical power before performing any service or repair on the plasma arc cutter.

• Hydrogen gas may be formed and trapped when cutting aluminum in the presence of water. Trapped hydrogen gas in the presence of an are will ignite and explode, make sure fumes are well ventilated when cutting aluminum.

• Use pliers or tongs to handle hot metals cut by the plasma arc cutter. Cool and store hot metal before leaving the work area.

• Make sure that others in the work area are protected from the plasma arc cutter arc rays and fumes.

WORKING WITH MOLTEN METALS

• Wear PPE designed for intense heat and molten splashes• The Edinburg Fire Department has donated

some fire fighter suits for the students working in the forgery.

• Additionally, wear steel toe boots, leather, and thick natural fibers like denim.

• The wax is melted out in a designated furnace.• Requires ventilation.

• The metal is melted in a furnace.• Requires ventilation for carbon monoxide and

metal fumes.• Manual lifting of lighter loads or a fork lift or

hydraulic lift for heavy loads are used to pour the molten metal into the mold.

• Breaking away the mold can result in exposure to silica.• Wear a respirator and safety goggles.

BURN OUT FLASH FURNACE

HEAT PROTECTION

FURNACE

SAND BLASTING BOOTH/GLOVE BOX

• Warning: Wear high quality hearing protection and respirator while sandblasting.

SYMBOLS/SIGNS

OTHER HEALTH CONCERNS 1 OF 2

• Avoid back injuries from improper lifting.• Use dollies or carts to transport

heavy items.• Fork lift and hydraulic lift is also

available.• Lift from the legs and not from the

spine, and don't attempt more than you are sure you can lift safely.

OTHER HEALTH CONCERNS 2 OF 2

• “Vibration white fingers” or Reynaud’s Syndrome• Caused by the continuous use of

vibrating hand-held power tools like a drill or chain saw.• Wear leather gloves to reduce vibrations• Take breaks to increase circulation of the

blood.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome• Resulting from constriction of nerves and

blood vessels by the tendons that encircle the wrist. • Avoid or minimize repetitive muscular

movements. • Take breaks.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

• In any emergency always call 911 immediately• Notify the University Police at 882-2222• Notify Environmental Health and Safety at

882-5930• Notify Laboratory Safety Supervisor• ******* at 882- (Rust. )

• Notify Sculpture Instructor• ? at 882- (Rust. )

• Follow All Safety Guidelines:• Laboratory Guidelines/Trainings• Operator’s Manuals for Machinery/Power Tools• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)• Evacuation Procedures

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES - FIRES

• Do not attempt to fight a fire unless… • you are trained to use a fire extinguisher • the fire is smaller than a paper waste can

• If the fire is large and spreading…• Activate the fire alarm to alert other building

occupants• Dial 911 / 882-2222

• Close the door on your way out to contain the fire

• If you catch on fire…• Stop, drop, and roll• If someone else catches on fire, knock them down and roll them to

smother the flames.• A nearby safety shower can also be used

• Evacuate the building and do not re-enter• Inform Safety Personnel of the details/location of the fire

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES – CHEMICAL EXPOSURES

• Chemicals on Skin• Rinse for a minimum of 15 minutes at nearest

safety shower• Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry

• Chemicals in Eyes• Rinse for a minimum of 15 minutes at nearest eye wash• Keep eyelids open with fingers and thumbs• Remove contacts (do not reuse)

• Chemical Inhalation• Close the container, increase ventilation, move to fresh air

• Ingestions of Chemicals• Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a health care professional to

do so

• Injection of Chemicals• Wash the area with soap and water

Inform emergency personnel of chemicals involved in the accident.

FIRST AID

• The first aid cabinet is located in the hallway near the …..??• The kit includes a large variety of supplies

along with a first aid guide (small booklet)

• Render first aid if you are trained to do so and with consent of the victim.• Remain with the victim to ensure that

treatment is being arranged.

FOREIGN OBJECT IN THE EYE

• Wash your hands and then try to flush out the object with sterile eye rinse kit• Use the nearest eyewash station to apply

a gentle stream of water to the eye while propping eyelids open with thumbs and fingers• Never rub the eye

ARC EYE

• Remove contact lenses• Do not rub eyes• Retreat to a dark room• Cover eyes loosely with sterile eye

pads• Take mild pain reliever (Aspirin)• Wear sunglasses with UV

protection until symptoms improve • Usually within 24-72 hours

• Consult a physician

BURNS (NON-CHEMICAL)

• Minor Burns (Irritated skin)• Cool under running water until pain subsides• Never use ice directly on skin – may damage skin

further

• Apply burn spray – immediate pain relief and disinfectant for minor cuts, burns, scrapes, and sunburn

• Cover loosely with sterile gauze bandage• Take a mild pain reliever (Aspirin)

• Major Burns (Blisters and tissue loss)• Call 911• Do not immerse in cold water• Do not apply ointment or spray• Do not remove burned clothing• Apply a moist, sterile bandage• Elevate burn above heart level when possible

CUTS AND SCRAPES

• Minor cuts• Stop the bleeding with a sterile cloth by

applying constant gentle pressure• Clean the wound with water• Remove debris with sterile tweezers

• Apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment• Cover the wound with a bandage until

sufficient healing has occurred• Change the dressing daily and when it

becomes wet or dirty• Watch for signs of infection (increasing

pain, redness, swelling, heat, drainage)

SEVERE BLEEDING

• Have the victim lie down and cover them to retain body heat

• While wearing gloves, remove any visible debris in the wound

• Apply continuous pressure with a sterile bandage (emergency pressure dressing) or trauma pad for at least 20 minutes

• Do not check to see if bleeding has stopped

• Apply additional bandages if wrap becomes saturated with blood

• Wrap the wound to keep the bandage in place (cohesive bandage wrap)

FAINTING

• If you feel faint, lie down• If there is no room to lie down, sit down with head

between your knees

• Do not get up too quickly• Elevate legs of victim 12 inches above heart• If victim does not regain consciousness within one

minute, call 911

NOT BREATHING/CARDIAC ARREST

• Send someone to retrieve AED• Perform CPR using protective

barrier from CPR pack in First Aid Kit• 30 chest compressions, hard and fast• 2 breaths while pinching nose shut• Do not stop until AED is ready or EMS

personnel take over

• Follow auditory instructions from Automated External Defibrillator• Apply pads to bare, dry chest• Allow machine to analyze heart

rhythm• Have everyone stand clear• Deliver shock

OTHER FIRST AID SUPPLIES

• Instant cold compress• Temporarily relieves minor pain and

swelling for sprains, aches, and sore joints

• Triangular/sling bandage• Use as arm sling, head wrap, or

tourniquet

• Cherry cough drops• Temporarily relieves cough due to

minor throat and bronchial irritation

• Antiseptic/Cleansers• Reduce possibility of infection• Alcohol cleansing pads• Providone-iodine infection control wipes• BZK antiseptic towelettes

REPORT ANY INJURY

• All injuries should be reported to the Department of Environmental Health and Safety (882-5929)• Additionally, any conditions that make you feel

unsafe should also be reported.• You almost had an accident.• You observed someone else almost have an accident.• Something is damaged or malfunctioning.• Equipment/substances are being used incorrectly.• Ex. Insufficient ventilation, no PPE, unsafe handling

• Not enough information/instructions were given on a subject and you do not feel confident in the laboratory.

• The work area’s cleanliness is not being maintained.

SCULPTURE SAFETY TEAM

• Student – You• Department Chair – Carlos Gomez• 882-8805

• Laboratory Supervisors – Stephen Hawks 882-8909, • Julian Rodriquez882-7785

• Art Department• 882-8247

• Environmental Health and Safety Department• 882-5930

• University Police Department• 882-8232

Thank you for ensuring safety within the laboratory.

THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING SCULPTURE SAFETY TRAINING.

Martha Sendejo, Safety CoordinatorDepartment of Environmental Health and SafetyOffice: At the Woods Phone: 882-5929Email: martha.sendejo@utb.edu