The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by...

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Axial Skeleton The Cranium

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Transcript of The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by...

Page 1: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Axial Skeleton

The Cranium

Page 2: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Characteristics of the Human Skull

• Made up of 22 bones

• Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures•Rigid articulations permitting very little movement

Page 3: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Coronoid process – mandibleADD THIS

Page 4: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Characteristics of the Human Skull

• The neurocranium includes 8 bones•1 frontal 2 parietals•1 occipital 2 temporals•1 sphenoid 1 ethmoid

• The hyoid bone (supports the tongue) does not articulate with any other bones

Page 5: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Mental Foramen

Page 6: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.
Page 7: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Characteristics of the Human Skull

• Sinus Cavities•Several of the bones have developed air spaces that are lined with mucous membranes

• It is this mucous membrane that becomes infected in sever cases of sinusitis

• It is also irritation of the mucous membrane that results in excessive fluid production that can fill the air spaces and give you a stuffy nose feeling.

Page 8: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Characteristics of the Human Skull

• Since these sinuses are embedded in bone, they cannot be seen easily on regular skull preparations and usually require sawing into the bone to see them.

• Some believe that the function of the sinuses are: • 1) makes the skull lighter to carry around• 2) serve as resonating chambers during

speech

Page 9: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.
Page 10: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Cranial Development• Formed by intramembranous and endochondral

ossification

• Intramembranous (dermal) ossification• The skull roof• Sides and roof of the neurocranium

• Endochondral ossification• Temporal bones• Occipital• Sphenoid• Ethmoid

Page 11: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Cranial Development

• The cranium changes rapidly during fetal development

• The 1st trimester is crucial for development of skull defects

• At birth, the skull is made up of 44 separate bony elements

Page 12: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Pathology

• The skull normally protects the brain from damage•The skull is one of the least deformable substances found in nature

• Head injuries can raise intracranial pressure•Subdural hematoma - Concussions•No space for the brain to expand•Brain damage or death

Page 13: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Sexual Dimorphism of Skulls

• Male skulls tend to be more robust• Female skulls are lighter and smaller

• The male body is larger than the female body, so proportionally the male skull is about the same size as the female skull

• Males – more prominent supraorbital ridges, more prominent temporal lines, squarer orbits, squarer chins and thicker mandibles

Page 14: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.
Page 15: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Axial SkeletonThe Cranium Review

(Teeth & Ears)

Page 16: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Skull Bones Review

Mental Foramen

Page 17: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.
Page 18: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Teeth

• Human teeth show a morphology mainly differentiated by:•1. The SHAPE of their upper surface = crown•2. The NUMBER of tooth roots•3. The PURPOSE of each tooth type• Cutting• Shredding•Grinding

Page 19: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Teeth

Page 20: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Teeth

• Incisors•Cutting teeth•8 incisors•Very front of the mouth•Rather flat surfaces•A straight sharp horizontal edge for cutting and biting•1 long conical root

Page 21: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Teeth• Canines•4 canines•Very strong, pointed corner teeth•Used for tearing and shredding•Larger and stronger than the incisors•Upper canines are sometimes called “eyeteeth”•1 single root

Page 22: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Teeth

• Premolars•8 premolars•Used for chewing food•Placed lateral to & behind the canine teeth•Flat upper surface•1-2 roots•Crown has 2 cusps

Page 23: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Teeth

• Molars•12 molars•Back of the mouth•Large and flat upper surface•2-4 roots•Largest of the permanent teeth•Used for final chewing and grinding before swallowing•3rd molars = Wisdom teeth

Page 24: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Auditory Ossicles

• 3 smallest bones in the body• Ossicles mean “tiny bones”• Contained within the middle ear space • Serve to transmit sounds from the air

• In order from the eardrum to the inner ear (superficial to deep)•1. Malleus•2. Incus•3. Stapes

Page 25: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Auditory Ossicles

• Malleus – Hammer•Articulates with the incus and is attached to the eardrum (or tympanic membrane)

• Incus – Anvil•Connected to the other ear bones

• Stapes – Stirrup•Articulates with the incus

Page 26: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Auditory Ossicles

Malleus – aka Hammer

Incus – aka Anvil

Page 27: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Auditory Ossicles

Stapes – aka Stirrup

Page 28: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.
Page 29: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Auditory Ossicles

Page 30: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

Page 31: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column• Major Functions•Cervical (7) – Support the weight of the head and trunk

•Thoracic (12) – Protect spinal cord

•Lumbar (5) – Allow spinal nerves to exit spinal cord

•Sacral – Site for muscle attachment

Page 32: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Abnormalities•Scoliosis• Lateral curvature of spine (usually inchildren)

Page 33: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Abnormalities•Lordosis• Exaggerated anterior curve of lumbar spine • Barrel chest

Page 34: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Abnormalities•Kyphosis• Exaggerated posterior curve of thoracic spine •Humpback

Page 35: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Each bone consists of:•A body•An arch•Several processes

Page 36: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column• Body •Weight bearing portion

• Vertebral arch•Surround vertebral foramen•Formed from joining laminae and pedicales

• Vertebral foramen•All form the vertebral canal = spinal cord

Page 37: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

BODY

ARCH

Foramen

Page 38: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Transverse Process• Extends laterally from each side of the arch between the pedicle and lamina

• 2 Laminae•Extend from transverse processes to spinous process

Page 39: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Transverse Process

• 2 Laminae

Page 40: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column• Articular Processes•Where vertebrae articulates with each other

• Spinous Process•Extends dorsally from 2 laminae

Page 41: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Articular Processes

• Spinous Process

Page 42: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Intervertebral discs•Dense fibrous connective tissue•Drying along with the weakening of ligaments of the vertebral column• Predisposes older

people to herniated discs • “Slipped discs”

Page 43: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Cervical - 7•1st – Atlas• “Yes” motion•No body

•2nd – Axis• “No” motion

Page 44: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Cervical•Small bodies•Each transverse process has transverse foramen•Whiplash – hyperextension of the cervical vertebrae

Page 45: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Thoracic - 12•Long, thin spinous processes•Articulates with the ribs

Page 46: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Lumbar - 5•Large, thick bodies•Heavy rectangular transverse and spinous processes•Sturdiest of the vertebrae

Page 47: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column

• Sacrum•Alae – wings•Articulates with the hip bones•5 fused vertebrae

Page 48: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Vertebral Column• Coccyx•Tailbone•Usually 4 fused vertebrae•Very reduced bodies•No foramina or processes

Page 49: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Rib Cage (Bony Thorax)

Page 50: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Bony Thorax

• The Rib Cage•Bony and cartilaginous structure•Supports the pectoral girdle•Provides attachments for the muscles of the neck, thorax, upper abdomen and back•Consists of • 24 ribs• The sternum• 12 thoracic vertebrae

Page 51: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Bony Thorax• The rib parts:•Head – end of the rib closest to the vertebral column

•Neck - is the flattened portion which extends laterally

•Tubercle - articulates with the transverse process

•Angle – bending portion

Page 52: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.
Page 53: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.
Page 54: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Bony Thorax• Manubrium • The broad, upper part of the sternum• Articulates with the clavicles and first 2 ribs

• Body• The lengthier and narrow part of the sternum• Below the manubrium

Page 55: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Bony Thorax• Xiphoid Process• Small cartilaginous process of the lower sternum• Ossified in adults

• Costal Cartilage• Bars of hyaline cartilage• Push ribs forward• Contribute to the elasticity of the rib cage

Page 56: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Bony Thorax

• Vertebrosternal or “True Ribs”•Upper 7 ribs•Attached to the sternum (costal cartilage)•Allow movement (breathing)

• False ribs•5 sets of ribs below true ribs•Has no direct attachment to the sternum

Page 57: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

The Bony Thorax• Vertebrocostal ribs•Those ribs connected to the lower thoracic vertebrae with costal cartilage

•Ribs 7 or 8 down to rib 10

•Each rib is attached to the costal cartilage of the rib located superiorly to it (above it)

•AKA “False ribs” because their costal cartilage does not attach directly to the sternum

Page 58: The Cranium. Made up of 22 bones Except for the mandible, all of the bones are held together by sutures Rigid articulations permitting very little movement.

Suzanne D'Anna1 Bones of the Skull. Suzanne D'Anna2 Sutures immovable joints found only between bones of the skull n coronal - found between the frontal.

Suzanne D'Anna1 Bones of the Skull. Suzanne D'Anna2 Sutures immovable joints found only between bones of the skull n coronal - found between the frontal.

Chapter 7 Bones of the Cranium

Chapter 7 Bones of the Cranium

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support.

AXIAL SKELETON Skull Skull and associated bones Associated bones Thoracic cage Ribs Sternum Hyoid Auditory ossicles Face 80 8 14 6 1 29 Cranium 25 24 1.

AXIAL SKELETON Skull Skull and associated bones Associated bones Thoracic cage Ribs Sternum Hyoid Auditory ossicles Face 80 8 14 6 1 29 Cranium 25 24 1.

cranium cranium - Montessori Album€¦ · cranium cranium mandible mandible . clavicle clavicle scapula scapula . femur femur humerus humerus

cranium cranium - Montessori Album€¦ · cranium cranium mandible mandible . clavicle clavicle scapula scapula . femur femur humerus humerus

Slide 1 Skull & Mandible Sutures Bones of the Cranium Major Landmarks of the Cranium Functions of the Cranium Cranial Metrics Sutures Bones.

Slide 1 Skull & Mandible Sutures Bones of the Cranium Major Landmarks of the Cranium Functions of the Cranium Cranial Metrics Sutures Bones.

Ch.7 Anatomy of Bones and Joints - South Techsouthtechhigh.org/.../2009-2010/ch_7_anatomy_of_bones_and_joints.… · Skull • Composed of 22 bones – Bones are joined by sutures

Ch.7 Anatomy of Bones and Joints - South Techsouthtechhigh.org/.../2009-2010/ch_7_anatomy_of_bones_and_joints.… · Skull • Composed of 22 bones – Bones are joined by sutures

SKELETON. I. SKULL A. 2 regions 1) cranium( 8 bones) frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, L & R temporal, L & R parietal, occipital.

SKELETON. I. SKULL A. 2 regions 1) cranium( 8 bones) frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, L & R temporal, L & R parietal, occipital.

Bones of the skull & face...Bones of the skull & face You will be responsible for identifying all of the bones in the cranium and face Use this power point to help identify

Bones of the skull & face...Bones of the skull & face You will be responsible for identifying all of the bones in the cranium and face Use this power point to help identify

Chapter 11 Cranium Part 1. Cranial Bones Skull = __________ and ________ bones Cranium (8 bones) – Area that surrounds and protects the brain. –____________.

Chapter 11 Cranium Part 1. Cranial Bones Skull = __________ and ________ bones Cranium (8 bones) – Area that surrounds and protects the brain. –____________.

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support teeth & form.

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones surround cranial cavity –8 bones Facial bones support teeth & form.

Bones and Features of the Skull - Cranium and Face · Bones and Features of the Skull - Cranium and Face ©Sheri Amsel • Bones of the Cranium The cranium is made up of 8 bones:

Bones and Features of the Skull - Cranium and Face · Bones and Features of the Skull - Cranium and Face ©Sheri Amsel • Bones of the Cranium The cranium is made up of 8 bones:

Fibrous– bones joined by dense regular connective tissue; no or limited movement (periodontal, sutures, interosseus) Cartilaginous– bones joined by.

Fibrous– bones joined by dense regular connective tissue; no or limited movement (periodontal, sutures, interosseus) Cartilaginous– bones joined by.

Anatomy and Physiology I The Skeletal System Anatomy of the Skeletal System Part I: Bones of the Cranium Part II: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton.

Anatomy and Physiology I The Skeletal System Anatomy of the Skeletal System Part I: Bones of the Cranium Part II: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton.

INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATIONS FOR ... INTERPROFESSIONAL...•Congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the cranium and facial bones (WHO, 2010) •Craniofacial

INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATIONS FOR ... INTERPROFESSIONAL...•Congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the cranium and facial bones (WHO, 2010) •Craniofacial

Skeletal System › ... › skeletal_system1_copy.p… · A. Skull: 22 bones B. Cranium: houses and protects the brain with 8 bones 1. Frontal: forms forehead and orbits of eyes;

Skeletal System › ... › skeletal_system1_copy.p… · A. Skull: 22 bones B. Cranium: houses and protects the brain with 8 bones 1. Frontal: forms forehead and orbits of eyes;

Axial Skeleton. Skull 22 bones – 8 cranium Encloses cranial cavity Fluid-filled Cushions and supports brain – 14 face.

Axial Skeleton. Skull 22 bones – 8 cranium Encloses cranial cavity Fluid-filled Cushions and supports brain – 14 face.

Human Body Bones Joints and Muscles...Bones, Joints and Muscles 1 Bone Also known as cranium skull mandible lower jaw clavicle collarbone sternum breastplate humerus upper arm ribs

Human Body Bones Joints and Muscles...Bones, Joints and Muscles 1 Bone Also known as cranium skull mandible lower jaw clavicle collarbone sternum breastplate humerus upper arm ribs

Skeletal System Axial & Appendicular System – Axial & Appendicular AXIAL Skeleton – The Skull Formed by two sets of bones 1. Cranial bones (cranium) - enclose the brain in the

Skeletal System Axial & Appendicular System – Axial & Appendicular AXIAL Skeleton – The Skull Formed by two sets of bones 1. Cranial bones (cranium) - enclose the brain in the

Slide 1 Skull & Mandible - University of Notre Damensfbones/SKULL.pdf1 Slide 1 Skull & Mandible Sutures Bones of the Cranium Major Landmarks of the Cranium Functions of the Cranium

Slide 1 Skull & Mandible - University of Notre Damensfbones/SKULL.pdf1 Slide 1 Skull & Mandible Sutures Bones of the Cranium Major Landmarks of the Cranium Functions of the Cranium