IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones...
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Transcript of IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. Human Anatomy The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures Cranial bones...
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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH
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Facial Bones with glasses onFacial Bones with glasses on
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The Skull
• 22 bones joined together by sutures
• Cranial bones surround cranial cavity– 8 bones
• Facial bones support teeth & form nasal cavity & orbit– 14 bones
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• The skull is divided into two parts:
1. Neurocranium- which forms a protective case or “vault” around the brain
2. Viscerocranium- which forms the anterior part of the skull including the orbits, nasal cavities
and upper/lower jaw bones
Neurocranium
Viscerocranium
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Frontal coronal suture Parietal
SphenoidTemporal
Occipital
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Mandible
maxilla
Nasal
Inferior Nasalconchae
Vomer
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Inferior NasalConchae
Vomer Mandible
Maxilla
Nasal
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Skull = Cranium + Mandible
Neurocranium (8):-Frontal (پيشانی)
-Parietal(2)(آهيانه) -Temporal (2)(گيجگاهی)
-Occipital( (پسسری -Sphenoid( ای (پروانه
-Ethmoid(پرويزنی)
Facial skeleton (Viscerocranium) (14): -Lacrimal (2)(اشکی)
-Nasal (2)(بينی) -Maxillae (2)( باال (فک -Zygomatic (2)( گونه
(ای -Palatine (2)(کامی) -Inferior nasal
conchae (2)( شاخکبينی (پايينی
-Mandible (1)( فک(پايين
-Vomer (1) ( بينی (تيغه
Calva, Calvarium
Cranium ~Neurocranium
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Frontal Bone
• Forms forehead and part of the roof of the cranium
• Forms roof of the orbit• Contains frontal sinus
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Parietal Bone
• Forms cranial roof and part of its lateral walls
• Bordered by 4 sutures– coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
and squamous
• Marked by temporal lines of temporalis muscleTemporal lines
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Temporal Bone
• Forms lateral wall & part of floor of cranial cavity– squamous part
• zygomatic process
• mandibular fossa & TMJ
– tympanic part• external auditory meatus
• styloid process
– mastoid part• mastoid process
• mastoid notch– digastric muscle
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Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone
• Forms part of cranial floor– separates middle from
posterior cranial fossa
• Houses middle and inner ear cavities
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Openings in Temporal Bone
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Occipital Bone
• Foramen magnum holds spinal cord
• occipital condyles
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Dr Namavar 18
Sphenoid = = ای پره شب ای پروانه
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Sphenoid Bone
• Lesser wing
• Greater wing
• Body of sphenoid
• Medial and lateral pterygoid processes
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Sphenoid Bone
• Body of the sphenoid– sella turcica contains deep
pit (hypophyseal fossa)
– houses pituitary gland
• Lesser wing– optic foramen contains optic
nerve & ophthalmic a.
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Sphenoid Bone
• Sphenoid sinus
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Ethmoid Bone
• Between the orbital cavities• Forms lateral walls and roof of nasal
cavity• Cribriform plate & crista galli• Ethmoid air cells form ethmoid sinus• Perpendicular plate forms part of
nasal septum• Concha or turbinates on lateral wall
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Ethmoid Bone
• Superior & middle concha• Perpendicular plate of nasal
septum
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Maxillary Bones• Forms upper jaw
– alveolar processes are bony pointsbetween teeth
– alveolar sockets hold teeth
• Forms inferomedial wall of orbit– infraorbital foramen
• Forms anterior 2/3’sof hard palate– incisive foramen– cleft palate
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Locations of Paranasal Sinuses
• Maxillary sinus fills maxillae bone• Other bones containing sinuses are frontal, ethmoid &
sphenoid.
EthmoidMaxillarySphenoid
Frontal
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Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses
Slide 5.25b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
o Functions of paranasal sinusesoLighten the skulloGive resonance and amplification to voice
Figure 5.10
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SINUSE
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Palatine Bones
• L-shaped bone• Posterior 1/3 of the hard
palate • Part of lateral nasal wall• Part of the orbital floor
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Zygomatic Bones
• Forms angles of the cheekbones and part of lateral orbital wall
• Zygomatic arch is formed from zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone
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Lacrimal Bones
• Form part of medial wall of each orbit
• Lacrimal fossa houses lacrimal sac in life
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Nasal Bones
• Forms bridge of nose and supports cartilages of nose
• Often fractured by blow to the nose
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Inferior Nasal Conchae
• A separate bone
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Vomer
• Inferior half of the nasal septum
• Supports cartilage of nasal septum
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Mandible• Only bone of the skull that can move
– jaw joint formed between mandibular fossaof temporal bone & condyloid process
• Holds the lower teeth• Attachment of muscles of mastication
– temporalis muscle onto coronoid process
– masseter muscle onto angle of mandible
• Mandibular foramen• Mental foramen
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• Auditory ossicles– malleus– incus– stapes
• Hyoid bone– suspended from styloid
process of skull by stylohyoid muscle and ligament
– greater & lesser cornua
Bones Associated With the Skull
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Major Skull Cavities
• Cranial cavity holds brain• Orbit contains eyeball &
extraocular muscles• Ethmoid sinus• Nasal cavity• Maxillary sinus• Oral cavity
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Cranial Fossa
• 3 basins that comprise the cranial floor or base– Anterior cranial fossa
– Middle cranial fossa
– Posterior cranial fossa
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The Skull in Infancy & Childhood
• Spaces between unfused skull bones called fontanelles– filled with fibrous membrane
– allow shifting of bones during birth & growth of brain in infancy
• 2 frontalle bones fuse by age six– metopic suture
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Cranial Nerves I = Olfactory: بويايی II = Optic: بينايی III = Oculomotor: چشم محرکه IV = Trochlear: ای قرقره V = Trigeminal: قلو Ophthalmic,Maxillary, Mandibularسه VI = Abducent: اشتياقی VII = Facial: ای چهره صورتی، VIII = Cochleovestibular: - تعادلی- شنوايی دهليزی، حلزونی IX = Glossopharyngeal: -حلقی زبانی X = Vagus: - معدی ريوی مبهم، واگ، XI = Spinal accessory: نخاعی فرعی XII = Hypoglossal: زيرزبانی