THE CELL. The Cell Theory 1. All living organisms are made of cells. Protist cells Skin cells...
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Transcript of THE CELL. The Cell Theory 1. All living organisms are made of cells. Protist cells Skin cells...
THE CELL
The Cell Theory
1. All living organisms are made of cells.Protist cells
Skin cells
Bacteria cells
Plant cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function.
Red Blood Cells
Skin Cells
Nerve Cells
Their shape relates to their job!
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
• Prokaryote- simple cell without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
• Ex.
• Archeabacteria
• Eubacteria
Two Types of Cells
• Eukaryote- complex cell with a well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• Ex. Plants and animals
Two Types of Cells
Present in all cells
1. Cell Membrane
Present in all cells
2. Cytoplasm
Present in all cells
3. Ribosome
4. DNA
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
Animal Plant
Type of Cell Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Organelles and Cell Parts
NucleusCell MembraneCytoplasmGolgi ApparatusRough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth Endoplasmic ReticulumMitochondriaRibosomesVacuoleVesicles•Lysosome•Centrioles
NucleusCell MembraneCytoplasmGolgi ApparatusRough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth Endoplasmic ReticulumMitochondriaRibosomesVacuoleVesicles•Central Vacuole•Cell Wall•Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell
The Organelles• Microfilaments & Microtubules
* Provide support, the cytoskeleton (movement of organelles.
Nucleus
Control center of the cell…acts like the brain or boss.Contains cell’s DNA
The Organelles• Nucleolus
* Produces ribosome
The Organelles• Endoplasmic Reticulum
* The cells transport system
The Organelles• Ribosomes (free and attached)
• Produce proteins
*Think Ribs……UMMM!
The Organelles• Golgi Body/Apparatus
* Packages proteins
Vesicles
• Transports things around the cell like a vehicle does for us.
The Organelles
• Mitochondria
* Cells energy producer (glucose ATP)
The Organelles
• Vacuole
* Stores water and water soluble materials.
The Organelles• Lysosome
* Contains strong digestive enzymes
The Organelles
• Centrioles
* Aid in moving chromosomes during cell division
Cell Wall
• Provides support and protection for the plant cell (RIGID)
The Organelles
• Chloroplast
* Store chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Cytoplasm• Jelly-like substance that holds
organelles in place. Cytosol.
LIMITS TO CELL SIZE
• Must maintain a workable surface area to volume ratio (the volume increases faster than the surface area)
• DNA can only “produce” a specific amount of protein
• Rate of intracellular diffusion is inversely proportional to cell volume
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
Cell Size Comparison on the internet
