Differentiation of Club Cells to Alveolar Epithelial Cells ...
Nerve cells Muscle cells Epithelial cells Bone cell Fat cells gFuEo2ccTPA
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Transcript of Nerve cells Muscle cells Epithelial cells Bone cell Fat cells gFuEo2ccTPA
Nerve cellsMuscle cells
Epithelial cellsBone cell
Fat cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYxDoP9ABHc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrS2uROUjK4
Cytology - the study of the structure, function and diseases of cells
Three main ideas:
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells2. The cell is the basic unit of organization3. All cells come from preexisting cells (cell division).
Prokaryotic Cell
-cells that lack a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cell
-has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• I. Structure: – A. Cell Membrane is composed of a
phospholipid bilayer with proteins on its surface or embedded in the membrane.
• II. Functions: – A. Cell membrane functions in separating
the inside cell environment from the outside environment and controls what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable).
Cell / Plasma Membrane -Selectively permeable membrane -Phospholipid bilayer / Double membrane
“water loving”
“water-fearing”
Cytoplasm - the clear liquid that is essentially the site of metabolic rxns (gas exchange)
Nucleus - control center of cell, contains DNA
Nuclear membrane - a porous double layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus and allows proteins
and chemical messages to pass through
Nucleolus - a dense body composed of RNA and protein, forms ribosomes, control center for cell metabolism and reproduction
Chromatin - loosely coiled chromosomes made of protein and DNA
Centrosome - two hollow cylinderical centrioles
Centriole - active in separating chromosomes in cell division
Cilia - small hairlike structures on the surface of the cell membrane, wavelike motion.
Flagella - longer projection on the surface of the cell, undulating whip-like motion.
Ribosomes - composed of protein and RNA, sites of
protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - a network of tubes that transport materials, contain ribosomes on their surface
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - transports materials, synthesize lipids
Golgi Apparatus - flat sacs that package and transport proteins “post office”
Lysosomes - digest worn out cellular parts or toxins“stomach of cell”
Mitochondria - release and transform energy into useable forms “powerhouse of cell”
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120067/bio01.swf
Microtubules - long, hollow cylindrical tubules involved in cell division and provide support and structure for the cell
Intermediate Filaments – give the cell strength and stability
Microfilaments - long, solid cylindrical tubules involved in cell shape and the movement of organelles
Cytoskeleton - provides support and structure for the cell.
Vesicles/Vacuole - are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSTB57a6Uzk&feature=related
Plant Cell
Differences 1. Cell wall 2. No centrioles 3. Plastids (Chloroplasts, Leucoplasts, Chromoplasts)4. 1 large vacuole
Plant Cells contain cell wall and chloroplast
Cell Wall – surrounds the plasma membrane; supports and protects the cell from changes in water pressure
Vacuole• Fluid filled sac used for storage of materials
needed by cell.
Chloroplasts - a plastid that contains chlorophyll and traps light energy to produce glucose.
Chromoplasts - contain accessory pigments, especiallycarotenoids. They are common in flowers and fruits.
Red bell pepper Marigold
Leucoplasts - plastids that lack color
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1GQyciJaTA&feature=related
Passive Transport
•substance goes with the concentration gradient•requires no cellular energy
Simple DiffusionFacilitated DiffusionOsmosis Filtration
Diffusion
• Diffusion : the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Key factors in the rate of diffusion: concentration, temperature, and pressure.
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1903
Diffusion
Simple Diffusion- molecules and ions pass from areasof higher concentration to areas of lowerconcentrations.
http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/diff.html
Facilitated diffusion- requires a carrier molecule for diffusion to take place.
What is Equilibrium?
• Equilibrium : when concentrations are equal and the net movement of particles is equal.
Osmosis - water diffuses from higher concentration to lower concentration
*selectively permeable - allows water to flow freely but not glucose
A. Isotonic - equilibrium of water and solute
B. Hypertonic - higher concentration of solute outside the cell (in the solution)
Animal cell – shrink/shrivel
Plant cell – limp, flaccid
C. Hypotonic - lesser concentration of solute outside the cell (in the solution)
Animal cell – burst
Plant cell – swell, stiff
http://www.connect.ab.ca/~lburns/students_tenunit2note.html
*Visual of Hypertonic, Hypotonic and Isotonic
http://www2.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm - Osmosis
http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1.html
http://www.nclark.net/BioChapter8
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/biology107/bi107vc/fa99/terry/membranes.html
Active Transport-requires energy (ATP), goes against concentrationgradient, uses transport proteins
Shortcut to ATPpumA.gif.lnk
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/biology107/bi107vc/fa99/terry/images/ATPpumA.gif
Vessicular Transport
Endocytosis - when particles enter into the cell by means of a vesicle.
1. Pinocytosis : liquids enter into the cell in a vesicle2. Phagocytosis : solids enter into the cell in a vesicle
Vessicular Transport
Exocytosis : particles and liquids exit out of the cell
• Passive Transport- no energy used1. Diffusion2. Facilitated Diffusion3. Osmosis• Active Transport- Energy used. ATP1. Protein pumps2. Endocytosis3. Exocytosis4. Phagocytosis5. Pinocytosis
Remember………
• http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm