Table of Lower Limb Muscles.docx

8/9/2019 Table of Lower Limb Muscles.docx

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Table of Lower Limb Muscles

Muscles of Gluteal Region

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action

gluteus maximus

outer surface

of ilium,sacrum,

coccyx,sacrotuberous

ligament

iliotibial tractand gluteal

tuberosity offemur

inferior gluteal

nerve

extends & laterallyrotates thigh; through

iliotibial tract, itextends knee oint

gluteus mediusouter surfaceof ilium

greater

trochanter offemur

su!eriorgluteal nerve

abducts thigh" Tilts!elvis when walking

gluteus minimusouter surface

of ilium

greater

trochanter of

femur

su!erior

gluteal nerve

abduct thigh; anterior

fibers medially rotate

thigh

tensor fasciae latae iliac crest iliotibial tractsu!erior

gluteal nerve

assists gluteus maor

in locking the knee

into full extension

!iriformisanteriorsurface of

sacrum

greatertrochanteric

fossa

#st & $ndsacral nerves

lateral rotator ofthigh

su!erior gemelluss!ine ofischium

greater

trochantericfossa

sacral !lexuslateral rotator ofthigh

obturator internus

inner surface

of obturator

membrane

greater

trochanteric

fossa

sacral !lexus lateral rotator ofthigh

inferior gemellusischial

tuberosity

greater

trochanteric

fossa

sacral !lexuslateral rotator of

thigh

obturator externusouter surfaceof obturator

membrane

greatertrochanteric

fossa of femur

obturatornerve

lateral rotator ofthigh

%nterior om!artment of Thigh

sartoriusanteriorsu!erior iliac

s!ine

u!!er medial

surface of tibiafemoral nerve

flexes, abducts,laterally rotates thigh;

flexes & medially

rotates leg

iliacus iliac fossa with !soas intothe lesser

trochanter of

femur

femoral nerve flexes thigh on trunk;if thigh is fixed, it

flexes the trunk onto

the thigh as in sitting


2/7

u!

!soas

#$th thoracic

body;transverse

!rocess,

bodies &intervertebraldiscs of the '

lumbar

vertebrae

lesser

trochanter offemur alongwith iliacus

lumbar !lexus

flexes thigh on trunk;

if thigh fixed, itflexes trunk ontothigh as in sitting u!

!ectineussu!erior ramus

of !ubis

u!!er end shaft

of femurfemoral nerve

flexes and adducts

thigh

(uadrice!s

femoris, rectus

femoris

straight head

from anteriorinferior iliac

s!ine;reflected head

from iliumabove

acetabulum

(uadrice!stendon into

!atella; intotibial

tuberosity by!atellar tendon

femoral nerve extension of leg

(uadrice!s

femoris, vastus

lateralis

u!!er end and

shaft of femur

(uadrice!stendon into

!atella; into

tibial



(uadrice!sfemoris, vastus

medialis

u!!er end and

shaft of femur

(uadrice!s

tendon into!atella; into

tibial

tuberosity by

!atellar tendon


(uadrice!s

femoris, vastusintermedius

shaft of femur

(uadrice!s

tendon into

!atella; into

tibial



Muscles of Medial om!artment of Thigh

gracilis

inferior ramusof !ubis;

ramus of

ischium

u!!er !art ofshaft of tibia

on medial

surface

obturator

nerve

adducts thigh and

flexes leg


3/7

adductor longus body of !ubis

!osterior

surface of shaft

of femur

obturator

nerve

adducts thigh; assists

in lateral rotation

adductor brevisinferior ramus

of !ubis

!osterior

surface of shaft

of femur

obturator

nerve

adducts thigh; assists

in lateral rotation

adductor magnus

inferior ramusof !ubis;

ramus of

ischium,ischial

tuberosity

!osteriorsurface of shaft

of femur near

linea as!era;adductor

tubercle of

femur

obturator

nerve; tibial

nerve tohamstring !art

adducts thigh and

assists in lateral

rotation; hamstring!art extends thigh

Muscles of )osterior om!artment of Thigh

bice!s femoris

long head

from ischialtuberosity;

short headfrom shaft of

femur

head of fibula

longhead*tibial;

short

head*common!eroneal

flexes and laterally

rotates leg; long head

extends thigh

semitendinosusischialtuberosity

u!!er !art

medial surfaceof shaft of tibia

tibial nerve

flexes and medially

rotates leg; extendsthigh

semimembranosus

ischial

tuberosity

medial condyle

of tibia; forms

obli(ue!o!liteal

ligament

tibial nerve

flexes and medially

rotates leg; extendsthigh

adductor magnus+hamstring !art

ischialtuberosity

adductor

tubercle offemur

tibial nerve extends thigh

Muscles of %nterior om!artment of the Leg

tibialis anterior

shaft of tibia

and

interosseousmembrane

medial

cuneiform &

base of firstmetatarsal

dee! !eroneal

nerve

extends the foot;

inverts foot atsubtalar and

transverse tarsaloints; su!!ortsmedial longitudinal

arch

extensor digitorum

shaft of fibula

andinterosseous

membrane

extensor

ex!ansion oflateral four

toes

dee! !eronealnerve

extends toes;dorsiflexes +extends

foot


4/7

!eroneus tertius

shaft of fibula

& interosseousmembrane

base of 'th

metatarsalbone

dee! !eronealnerve

dorsiflexes +extends

foot; everts foot at

subtalar andtransverse tarsal

oints

extensor hallucis

longus

shaft of fibula

& interosseous

membrane

base of distal

!halanx of big

toe

dee! !eroneal

nerve

extends big toe;dorsiflexes +extendsfoot; inverts foot at

subtalar and

transverse tarsaloints

Muscles of Lateral om!artment of Leg

!eroneus longus shaft of fibula

base of #stmetatarsal &

medial

cuneiform

su!erficial

!eroneal nerve

!lantar flexes foot;

everts foot at subtalar& transverse tarsal

oints; su!!ortslateral longitudinal

and transverse archesof foot

!eroneus brevis shaft of fibulabase of 'thmetatarsal

bone

su!erficial

!eroneal nerve

!lantar flexes foot;

everts foot at subtalar& transverse tarsal

oints; su!!orts

lateral longitudinal

arch

Muscles of )osterior om!artment of the Leg

gastrocnemius

medial and

lateral

condyles offemur

by way of

%chilles

tendon tocalcaneum

tibial nerve!lantar flexes foot;

flexes leg

!lantaris

lateral

su!racondylar

ridge of femur

calcaneum tibial nerve!lantar flexes foot;

flexes leg

soleus shafts of tibiaand fibula

by way of

achilles tendoninto calcaneum

tibial nerve

with gastrocnemius

& !lantaris is

!owerful !lantar

flexor of foot;!rovides main

!ro!ulsive force in

walking & running

!o!liteus lateral condyle

of femur

shaft of tibia tibial nerve flexes leg; unlocks

full extension of knee

by laterally rotating


5/7

femur on tibia

flexor digitorum

longus

shaft of tibia

distal!halanges of

lateral fourtoes

tibial nerve

flexes distal

!halanges of lateralfour toes; !lantar

flexes foot; su!!orts

medial and laterallongitudinal arches offoot

flexor hallucislongus

shaft of fibulabase of distal!halanx of big

toe

tibial nerve

flexes distal !halanx

of big toe; !lantarflexes foot; su!!orts

medial longitudinal

arch

tibialis !osterior

shafts of tibia

and fibula &

interosseousmembrane

tuberosity of

navicular bonetibial nerve

!lantar flexes foot;inverts foot at

subtalar andtransverse tarsal

oints; su!!ortsmedial longitudinal

arch of foot

Muscles on the -orsum of .oot

extensor digitorum

breviscalcaneum

by fourtendons into

the !roximal

!halanx of bigtoe and long

extensor

tendons to $nd,/rd and 0th

toes

dee! !eroneal

nerveextends toes

Muscles of the 1ole of the .oot +.irst Layer

abductor hallucis

medial

tubercle ofcalcaneum;

flexor

retinaculum

medial side,

base of!roximal

!halanx of big

toe

medial !lantar

nerve

flexes, abducts bigtoe; su!!orts medial

arch

flexor digitorum

brevis

medial

tubercle of

calcaneum

middle

!halanx of four

lateral toes

medial !lantar

nerve

flexes lateral fourtoes; su!!orts medial

& lateral longitudinal

arches

abductor digiti

minimi

medial &

lateral

tubercles of

lateral side

base of

!roximal

lateral !lantar

nerve

flexes, abducts 'th

toe; su!!orts lateral

longitudinal arch


6/7

calcaneum !halanx 'th toe

muscles of 1ole of .oot +1econd Layer

flexor accessorius

+(uadratus

!lantae

medial and

lateral sides of

calcaneum

tendons flexor

digitorum

longus

lateral !lantarnerve

aids long flexor

tendon to flex lateral

four toes

flexor digitorumlongus tendon

shaft of tibia

base of distal

!halanx oflateral four

toes

tibial nerve

flexes distal

!halanges of lateral

four toes; !lantarflexes foot; su!!orts

longitudinal arch

lumbricals

tendons of

flexor

digitorumlongus

dorsal extensor

ex!ansion of

lateral fourtoes

#st lumbricalfrom medial

!lantar;

remainder

lumbricals

from dee!branch of


extends toes at

inter!halangeal oints

flexor hallucislongus

shaft of fibula

base of distal

!halanx of bigtoe

tibial nerve

flexes distal !halanx

of big toe; !lantar

flexes foot; su!!ortsmedial longitudinal

arch

Muscles of 1ole of .oot +Third Layer

flexor hallucis

brevis

cuboid, lateralcuneiform

bones; tibialis

!osteriorinsertion

medial &lateral sides of

base of

!roximal

!halanx of bigtoe

medial !lantar

nerve

flexesmetatarso!halangeal

oint of big toe;

su!!orts mediallongitudinal arch

adductor hallucis+obli(ue head

bases of $nd,

/rd & 0thmetatarsal

bones

lateral side

base of!roximal

!halanx big toe

dee! branch oflateral !lantar

flexes big toe,

su!!orts transversearch

adductor hallucis+transverse head

!lantarligaments

lateral side ofbase of!roximal

!halanx big toe

dee! branch oflateral !lantarnerve

flexes big toe;su!!orts transversearch

flexor digiti

minimi brevis

base of 'th

metatarsalbone

lateral side of

base of!roximal

!halanx of big

su!erior

branch oflateral !lantar

nerve

flexes little toe


7/7

toe

Muscles of 1ole of .oot +.ourth Layer

dorsal interossei+0

adacent sides

of metatarsalbones

bases of

!halanges and

dorsalex!ansion of

corres!ondingtoes


abduct toes with $nd

toe as the reference;

flexmetatarso!halangeal

oints; extendinter!halangeal oint

!lantar interossei+/

/rd, 0th, and'th metatarsal

bones

bases of

!halanges &

dorsalex!ansion of

corres!onding

toes


adduct toes with $nd

toe as reference; flexmetatarso!halangeal

oints; extend

inter!halangeal oints

tendon of

!eroneus longus see above see above see above see above

tendon of tibialis

!osteriorsee above see above see above see above

Radiogra!hs

)ractice

2xamination

3omeLower Limb 4ones5 %nterior Thigh5 Medial Thigh5 Gluteal Region5 )osteriorThigh5 %nterior Leg and -orsal .oot5 Lateral Leg5 )osterior Leg5 1ole of the .oot5%nkle5 6oints of the Lower Limb5 1ummary of 7tems in the Lower Limb5 Radiogra!hs

of the Lower Limb5 Table of Muscles5 )ractice 2xamination

This is copyrighted1999 by Wesley Norman, PhD

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Table of Lower Limb Muscles.docx

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