State of Higher & Engineering Education By Dr T.H.Chowdary Director: Center for Telecom Management...

State of Higher & Engineering Education

By

Dr T.H.ChowdaryDirector: Center for Telecom Management and Studies

Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor,

Government of Andhra PradeshT: +91(40) 6667-1191(O) 2784-3121®

F: +91 (40) [email protected]

Talk @ Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada: 15 Sept 2010

mailto:[email protected]

State of Higher & Engineering Education

No. of Colleges

No of Universities

No of Students in ‘varsities

No in distance education

Degree Progs in Tech.Edu

25,951 504 13.64 mln

3.0mln 1.4mln

THC_CTMS 2S449_Aug 2010

Enrollment in Universities

• India – 3rd largest enrollment after USA & China• Gross Enrollment Ratio (% of 18 to 223Y olds)

India – 12.4; World Average – 25; BRIC – 37.2

BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China• Between 1980 &2007, enrollment in Higher

Education grew @ India- 5.39% ; China- 13.07%• Population in age group 18 to 23 Y is growing @

2.0% P.A


GER in India’s StatesEnrollment in states

Delhi has the highest gross enrolment ratio (GER) in the countryGER (in%)

Rank State/Union Territory 2005 ( Actual) 2012 (Target)1 Delhi 33.2 45.82 Puducherry 21.8 31.43 Uttarakhand 15.1 21.54 Tamil Nadu 14.0 20.65 Himachal Pradesh 13.9 20.26 Meghalaya 13.7 20.07 Andhra Pradesh 12.9 19.28 Karnataka 12.4 18.19 Manipur 12.0 17.910 Maharashtra 12.0 17.3

THC_CTMS S449_Aug 2010 4

GER in India’s StatesEnrollment in states

Delhi has the highest gross enrolment ratio (GER) in the country

GER (in%) Rank State/Union

Territory2005

( Actual)2012

(Target)11 Sikkim 11.4 16.812 Goa 11.6 16.713 Gujarat 11.2 16.114 Punjab 11.0 16.015 Mizoram 11.0 16.016 Madhya

Pradesh 10.9 15.5


GER Target Y2010

• Aim 15% GER by 2010-’12 enrollment should grow @ 7.5% (not 5.39%)

• UP, Bihar and MP would add 40% of the total work force but only 10% to GDP of India. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh will add 20% to work force but 45% to GDP


Generation of Knowledge (1)

THC_CTMS S449_Aug 2010 7(Source: Business World, 23 Aug 2010)

Generation of Knowledge (2)

THC_CTMS S449_Aug 2010 8(Source: Business World, 23 Aug 2010)

Quantity But Not QualityIndia ranks high in numbers, but not in ability

Country Availability of scientists and engineers

Quality of mathematics, science education

Quality of scientific research institutions

Capacity for Innovation

Finland 1 2 13 5

Japan 2 25 15 1

Sweden 3 36 6 4

India 4 22 25 35

US 5 48 2 6

Canada 6 14 11 20

France 11 8 17 9

Korea 25 18 22 15

UK 32 52 4 16

China 36 35 35 22THC_CTMS S449_Aug 2010 9

(Source: Business World, 23 Aug 2010)

Quality of Universities/ CollegesState Share of Pop.

Y 18 to 23Share of Universities

Share of Ranked good colleges

Maharashtra 10 11 22Tamilnadu 7 10 15UP 15 4 6Andhra Pradesh

8 7 10

W.Bengal 8 6 6Karnataka 6 6 10Bihar 7 5 NilGujarat 5 4 4THC_CTMS 10S449_Aug 2010

Quality of Our Research• Share(%) in published Research papers between

1994-2004India -2.6 (13) ; USA-38.5 ; Japan -10.3; Germany-9.5; UK-8.6; China-3.9 (9)

• Citations for Research papers publishedIndia- 3.17; Switzerland -13.01;

USA- 12.31; Neterlands-11.7; UK-10.4• Ranking colleges/ among world’s 500 Technical

InstitutesIndia- 2; China-30


Knowledge Commission

• Target to add: 1500 Universities• Teachers (Drs.; PH.Ds; Researchers)• Investments• Foreign ‘varsities• China hosts US & US ‘varsities



Universities in Select countriesCountry Population

(million)

No of Uni-versities

To be on par with the country of comparison; Varsities India needs to have

Korea 45 120 3000 Israel 6 10 1700 Lesotho 2 2 1000

UK 50 170 3400

USA 280 1700 6100

India 1000 390 ---- Australia 20 39 2,200 Iraq 18 22 1,200 China 1300 2000 1,700

*Suggest: Begin having a University for each District* Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up.•Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’.•In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities

Engineering Colleges Engineering colleges 2,872 with 7,00,000 seats IITs & Polytechnics 7,605 with 10,00,000 seats

A.P: Colleges: > 700; Seats- 277,000All India: Colelgs-2,800; Seats- 700,00

• In A.P: 20% colleges have only 1% or 2% pass; EAMCET qualified candidate 250,000 less than the 277,000 seats available

• For all of India’s engineering colleges there is a shortage of 56,000 Ph.D candidates and 82,000 M.Tech teachers

• JNTU-H has 300 colleges; 83 don’t have qualified principals• 300 colleges don’t have minimum required facilities• In 2009, 35% of seats in rural area engineering colleges

were not filledTHC_CTMS S449_Aug 2010 14

Skilled persons in shortage (1)

• A machinist trained in an ITI earns his livelihood as DTP operator/welder/repairman…• Hundreds of B.Techs/MBAs/MCAs applied for 2 peon-level jobs in Kolkata• By 2013, there will be a short-falls of 750,000 skilled workers• Serious shortages in mining, textiles, oil and gas, food processing etc.


Skilled persons in shortage(2)

• China runs 4000 market-relevant short-term courses India has 2-3 year courses in 100 trades• Over 60% of ITI –trainees are idling• Corporate /Polytechnic partnerships• Government offers interest-free loans to corporates adopting ITIs• 721 ITIs were adopted corporates by since 2007• Toyota partners with 15 . It trains 500 auto technicians/year


Entrepreneurship (1)

• Jamshedji Tata around the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century :

• A steel factory at Sakchi which became Jamshedpur later. • In 1907 Sri Frederick Upcott Chief Commissioner for Railways

in India remarked about the Tata Steel Project:• “ Do you mean to say that Tats propose you make steel rails

to British specifications? While I undertake to eat every pound of steel rail they succeed in Making”.

• During the First World War, 1500 miles of steel rails were supplied by the Tatas. It helped the British empire to conquer Mesopotamia unto rail lines in Egypt, Palestine and East Africa.



• The Indian institute of Science Bangalore• Tat Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai• Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai• Tata School of Social Studies and• Tata brand carrying about 100 companies on 100 different

segments • The latest is the Nano car purely indigenous in design,

development, materials, production, testing and road worthiness.

• India’s IT companies and ICT professionals are creating intellectual property (IP) for foreign companies some of them located in India itself.



• Unlike China launching and developing two global telecom giants Huawi and ZTE , India failed to produce any IP in telecom and IT and is importing about 40,000 cr worth of telecom & IT network equipments..

• Engineers must have vision, qualities of leadership and talents in finance, marketing, formation promotion of human capital (HR) and public relations.

• We built reservoirs, irrigation systems, roads, astronomical observatories even while the rest of world was steeped in ignorance



• Most importantly engineers must be aware of the great scientific technical literary and spiritual heritage of India – Bhaskar’s, Aryabhatta’s, Kanadha, Neelakanta, Varaaha Mihira, Sushruta, Charaka ; Valmiki, Vyasa, Kalidasa, the Kavithraya and Pothana of Telugu language.

• We must develop self-respect, self-confidence, and pride in our history and achievements building upon which we must create a prosperous, powerful, moral, intellectual and ethical India to become a Jagadguru once again.


Building Bharat

• Prosperous• Powerful• Intellectual• Ethical

to become a Jagadguru once again• 1200 million brains or mouths• 7% of the land surface of the planet, 17% of

world’s population• Human resource or liability?


Part-II



GALLOPING KNOWLEDGE

• By the time the child born today graduates from college, the amount of knowledge will be four times as great

• By the time he is 50, it will be 32 times as great• And 97% of everything known in the world will have

been learnt since that child was born• The memorising of reams of facts will not be necessary;

they will be quickly available on computers. Search engines like Google will get them for you in a second,

• But future man will need great wisdom if only to know what is it he wants

• If the paper so used can cover the earth’s surface six (6) times!

Power of Knowledge• Knowledge will forever govern ignorance and people

who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives

– James Madison(Inscription at the entrance to Power of Knowledge the Library of Congress)

• Culture: Knowing something of everything & everything of something


THC_CTMS S174_JAN 2004 25

What is Education (1/4)

• Education is a liberating force, enables the individual to rise form mere materiality to superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness .

• Education gives us accumulated lessons of heritage to carry it forward to posterity .

• The past is our foundation, the present our material, the future our aim and summit. Each must have its due and natural place in a national system of education.

– Sri Aurobindo


We want that education by which character is

formed, strength of mind is increased, the

intellect is expanded and by which one can stand

on one’s own feet. Education is the manifestation

of the perfection already in man

- Swami Vivekananda



Education is the process of individual mind getting its full possible development ……….It

is a long school which lasts a life time - Dr. Zakir Hussain

I firmly believe the efficacy of the education as a panacea for our social evils

- Dr.B.R. Ambedkar



Education should address the problems of national

development, particularly issues concerning self-

reliance, economic growth, employment and social and

national Integration.

Education is visualised as an evolutionary force so

that each individual is enabled to evolve from purely

material consciousness towards superior planes of

intellectual and spiritual consciousness - The Education Commission (1966)


THC_CTMS S311_Sept06 29

Vidya, great wealth…..

Vidya nigoodhaguptamgu vittamu, roopamu purushaalikinVidya yasassu bhogakari, vidya gurundu, videshabandhuvunVidya visishta daivatamu, vidyaku saati dhanambu ledilanVidya nripaalapoojitamu, vidyanerunganivaadu marthyude?

- Barthrihari

BHARAT MAHAN!(Intellectuals estimate of India)


India is the only country which never invaded any foreign country

“India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without even having

to send a single soldier across her border”.- HU SHIH, Former Ambassador of China to

USA


“We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to

count, without which no worthwhile scientific

discovery could have been made.”

-ALBERT EINSTEIN

“In the whole world there is no study so beneficial and

so elevating as that of the Upanishads. It has been the

solace of my life; it will be the solace of my death”.

-SCHOPENHAUER

BHARAT MAHAN!

Bharat Mahan!

• World’s first Universities:• Takshasila – 800 BC; 10,000 foreign students, 52 subjects• Nalanda & Vikrama Sila

THC_CTMS S374_Feb07 34

Bhaskaracharya (5th century AD) calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun

hundreds ofyears before the astromer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun:

365.258756484 days.

The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word

Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit words NAV Gatih. The word navy is also derived from

Sanskrit ‘Nou’

BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology


Budhayana first calculated the value of pi, and he explained the concept of what is known

as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the

European mathematicians.

Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Sridharacharya propounded

quadratic equations in the 11th century.



The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big

as 1053 with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest

used number is Peta: 1015.

The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.

India invented the Number System.

Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.



Sushruta is the father of surgery, 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time

conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans, cataracts, artificial legs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well

known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment was used. Deep knowledge of

anatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity

is also found in many texts.



Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine

consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Yoga and Ayurveda are fast regaining its rightful place in our

civilization.

The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra. According to Saka King

Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake aptly called ‘Sudarshana’ was constructed on the hills of Raivataka

during Chandragupta Maurya’s time.



“If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty that

nature can bestow-in some parts a very paradise on earth - I should point to India. If I were to asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed the choicest gifts, has

most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solution of some of them which well deserve the attention

even of those who have studied Plato and Kant - I should point to India. And if I were to ask myself from what literature we

here in Europe, we who have been nurtured almost exclusively on the thought of Greeks and Romans, and of one Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw that corrective which is most wanted in

order to make our inner life more truly human, a life not for this life only, but a transfigured and eternal life -- again I should

point to India”. -MAX MULLER

BHARAT MAHAN!


“If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty that nature can bestow-in some parts a very paradise on earth - I should point to India. If I were to asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed the choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solution of some of them which well deserve the attention even of those who have studied Plato and Kant - I should point to India. And if I were to ask myself from what literature we here in Europe, we who have been nurtured almost exclusively on the thought of Greeks and Romans, and of one Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw that corrective which is most wanted in order to make our inner life more truly human, a life not for this life only, but a transfigured and eternal life -- again I should point to India”. -MAX MULLER

BHARAT MAHAN!


“India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe’s languages;

she was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our

mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self-

government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all”.

-WILL DURANT

BHARAT MAHAN!


“Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and unknown

light illuminated me. In the great teaching of the Vedas, there is no touch of the

sectarianism. It is of ages, climes, and nationalities and is the royal road for the

attainment of the Great Knowledge. When I am at it, I feel that I am under the spangled

heavens of a summer night”.

-HENRY DAVID THOREAU


• You cannot bring about prosperity by discouraging thrift • You cannot strengthen the weak by weakening the strong• You cannot help the poor by destroying the rich• You cannot establish sound security on borrowed money• You cannot keep out trouble by spending more than you

earn• You cannot build character and courage

by taking away man’s initiative and Independence • You cannot help men permanently by doing for them

what they can do for themselves -Abraham Lincoln

Instill this Wisdom


Dhanyawad:Thank You

State of Higher & Engineering Education By Dr T.H.Chowdary Director: Center for Telecom Management...

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Transcript of State of Higher & Engineering Education By Dr T.H.Chowdary Director: Center for Telecom Management...