ICT Education and R & D in India By Dr. T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and...
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Transcript of ICT Education and R & D in India By Dr. T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and...
ICT Education and R & D in India
By Dr. T.H. CHOWDARY
Director: Center for Telecom Management and StudiesChairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor,
Government of Andhra PradeshT: +91(40) 5567-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®
F: +91 (40) 5567-1111, [email protected]
[email protected] @ Birla Science Center, Hyderabad : 4 Oct 2006
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 2
University Education for
• Wealth Creation
• Quitting poverty
• Nation’s strength and
• Power
• Knowledge Creation (R&D, IPR)
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 3
Enrollment of University age (17 to 23) population
Country Year Ratio
Developed Countries 1995 51.0
USA 1994 81.1
Finland 1994 66.9
France 1993 49.6
United Kingdom 1994 48.3
Japan 1994 40.3
Singapore 1995 33.7
South Korea 1995 52.0
Malaysia 1994 10.6
India 2006 7.0
China 2005 8.0
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 4
‘Varsity Education in the Country
• Population of Age group Y 18-23 = 160 mln
• Educational Institutions in India
High schools Colleges Universities State Self- Others Total funded funded
120,000 17,500 205 95* 10 310
* 30 more pvtes
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 5
How Equipped is India for Higher Education
Country Population
(million)
No of Uni-versities
To be on par with the country of comparison; Varsities India needs to have
Korea 45 120 3000 Israel 6 10 1700 Lesotho 2 2 1000
UK 50 170 3400
USA 280 1700 6100
Australia 18 39 2,200 China 1300 900 760 India 1000 310 ----
*Suggest: Begin having a University for each District* Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up.•Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’.•In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 6
Scientists: World Bank 2006
India China UK Australia USA Japan
157 545 2666 3353 4099 5095
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 7
No. of Scientific Papers Published
Country 1980 2000 No. of papers/mil. people Y2000
India 4,983 12,217 12.0China 924 22,061 19.0S.Korea 175 12,013 270Brazil 2,215 9,565 70Israel 5,773 9,292 1,550
Source: Science Citation Index. Inst. For Scientific Information Philadelphia ( E.T 23.08.02)
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 8
In Matters of Science,India Lags Behind
Country No. of people in R&D*
% of science and engg.students**
R&D expenditure***
Human Development Index rank
Japan 5,085 20 3.1 11
United States 4,526 19 2.7 10
Russia 3,415 40 1.2 62
South Korea 2,979 41 2.5 28
China 633 25 1.2 85
Brazil 324 40 1.0 63
India 120 20 0.8 127
* Per million of the population ** In tertiary education *** As % GDP (1997-2002)
Source: Business World, 30 Jan 2006
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 9
India- the Ancient Seat of Learning
• Takshasila, Nalanda where tens of thousands of foreigners were studying over 50 subjects
• Now over 120,000 Indian students studying abroad
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 10
Indian students Abroad
USA UK Australia New Zealand
> 80K 15K 10K 3K
Spend: $2.32 bln abroad
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 11
Foreign Students in the USA (2004-’05)
Indian Chinese Korean Japanese Canada
80,466 62,523 53,358 42,265 28,140
If Indian students match
50,000 8,50,000 4,23,000 19,60,000
* 40% of US doctorates go to foreigners
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 12
College Grads ( Professions) Leaving Country (%)
Italy France UK Spain FRG India
2.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 (2 to 5 )
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 13
India’s Annual Production of Professionals
Engineers 450,000
(of whom) ICT Grads: 150,000
MCAs 80,000
MBAs 80,000
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 14
Indian Software Industry Exports ( $ mln )
1,124 1,755 2,7003,900
5,7008,000
10,00012,000
16,000
21,000
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-2000
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 15
Employment in Indian IT sector*,’000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2000 '01 '02 '03+ '04+ '06+
Call-centers (ITES) Software Multinational operations
(* Years ending March; + Estimate@ break-up: NA)
20 mln@
‘06
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 16
Out-look for the IT Sector
• 125 of the Fortune 500 and Worlds ICT giants have R&D centers in India; Texas Inst., Lucent, Siemens, Nokia, Motorola, Microsoft, Intel, QUALCOM, HUAWI, ZTE, Ericsson…. are locating their Development Centers in India: Seed-beds for Indian cos. to emerge
• NRI- Enterprises- Talents in India- Markets in North America, EU; far East & China
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 17
Indian Talent Works for Others
• GE- largest R&D center outside USA in Bangalore 2300 – double that in Shanghai – $ 80 mln Bangalore center – Filed for 260 patents (37 appvd.)
• Motorola: 1700 employees– 40% of software in its mobiles from India– The Internet Browser and multimedia messge system
conceived & developed for 3G,GSM, engineered– Global automakers ( 3 to 5)% on R&D
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 18
Some Foreign Companies’ Employees in India
GE Caps GE Dev IBM Oracle EDS Texas
16,000 1,800 43,000 6000 3,500 900
Intel JP Morgan
HUWAI Siemens Motorola
1,700 1,200 1,500 2000 1,500
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 19
IBM in Indian: Largest MNC Employer
• Since 14 years
• 2003 Dec - 9,400
• 2006 June - 43,000
• Life Science Research, grid computing chip design,e-governance, software & hardware remote Infrastructure Management & BPO
• Growing @ 45% Y.O.Y in 2004 & 55% YOY in 2005
• Triples investment in India from $ 2.0 bln in 2003 to $ 600 bln by 2009
• April 2004, acquired Daksh ( India’s largest BPO and call center biz.)
• Got a 10 year $ 750 mln outsourcing contract from Bharti Tel in Y2004.
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 20
India as base of R&D
• India: 150K computer graduates
• Foreign companies setting up Development centers in India
• Texas Instruments, Motorola, QUALCOM; HUAWI, ZTE, Microsoft, Alcatel, Siemens, Huawi
• Pharma companies too
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 21
Knowledge Production
• TIFR BARC ISRO ECIL I.I.SC B.I.T.S• 25/30,00 IIT ians in the USA “Never in the history of Congress so much talent was assembled in this House” – IIT meet in the US; Congressman Chairman of India-caucus
• C-DAC: Pune• CEERI- Pilani• C-DOT, Delhi
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 22
World’s Attention to India
• The Economist (UK), June, 2006• “Can India Fly” – 14 page supplement• “…India is producing far more world class
companies than China…”• Time (USA) June 26, 2006• Cover page…”…trying to find out why the
world’s biggest democracy is the next great economic power and what it means for America”
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 23
World’s Attention to India
• Foreign Affairs (USA) (July-Aug 2006)• “India is now the fourth largest economy and soon
it will surpass Japan to become the third largest…rather than rising with the help of the state, India is in many ways rising despite the state…”
• Of the Fortune companies 125 now have Research & Development bases in India, a testament to its human capital.”
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 24
What India has to pay attention to
• Quality/Employability• R & D Funding; Defence Research• Liberal education• Competition from foreign Universities• Great Teachers (70% of living Nobel Laureates
leach in US ‘Varsities• Companies to create Endowments/Chiars &
sponsor Research• Private Universities & India’s off shore ‘Varsities
THC_CTMS S318_Oct 2006 25
Dhanyawad:Thank You