Science &Technology for Resurgent India

By

Dr T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies

Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor, Government of Andhra Pradesh

T: +91(40) 5567-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®F: +91 (40) 5567-1111, 2789-6103

hanuman.chowdary@tcs.comthc@satyam.com

Talk @ Osmania University: 8th Feb 2008

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 2

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

01000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Sou

r ce :

Ang

us M

addi

s on;

J.P

.Mor

gan

World GDP per Person, 1000=100S & T for Wealth Creation

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 3

World Population and the Poor

Year Population % of the Poor1820 1.1 billion 85%1980 5 billion 30%2000 6 billion 20%2007 6.5 bln 18%

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 4

Time taken to double the per capita income (1)

Country UK USA Japan Indonesia S.Korea China

Years 58 47 33 17 13 10

Since 1780 1840 1880 1965 1970 1978

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 5

Time taken to double the per capita income (2)

GDP Growth Population Time taken

3.5% 2.8% 70 Y

6.5% 1.8% 15 Y

10.0% 1.0% 7 Y

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 6

Share of World’s GDP *

India China Japan USA Europe Rest of the World

1AD 33 27 1 0 14 25

1500AD 25 25 3 0 21 26

1820AD 15 33 3 2 27 20

1870AD 12 17 2 9 38 22

1913AD 8 8 4 21 39 20

1950AD 4 5 3 28 31 29

1973AD 3 5 8 23 29 32

2001AD 4 7 8 23 21 37

2008AD 6 13 7 21 19 34

*(in%) (Source: Economic Times, 29/1/08)

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 7

Year Wealth Trade

1701 22.6% 25%

1947 N A 2.4%

1990 N A 0.4%

2006 1.5% 1.8%

India was not poor! (1)

India’s Share in World Trade

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 8

INDIA BRITAIN

1830 17.5 9.6

1900 1.7 18.6

India was not poor!

Share of World’s Industrial Production

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 9

India held in high esteem

When Alexander set out to invade India, he went to his teacher, Aristotle and asked what Guru Dakshina he would want to be brought from India. Aristotle told him to bring a pail of Ganga Jel and the instrument Venu, the flute of Lord Krishna.

“India is becoming the sink of the World’s gold”

- Pliny, Roman Historian“An Ocean named after – not England, France, Portugal, Netherlands,

America, Spain, Russia, China…..but India

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 10

Agri Industry Service

Developed <5% 25 70

Developing 30 to 40 20 to 25 35 to 50

India 18 27 55

China 15 55 30

Content of GDP (Figs. in %)

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 11

India developed

• Population must be stabilised to sustain economic growth

• Education for all• Health for all • Vision and Enterprise• Military Power; projectable anywhere• Generate knowledge ( R&D; Discovery;

Innovation)• Ethics ,morality, spiritual (Ritam, Satyam)

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 12

India developed

• Education for all (SSC); Graduation for the aspiring.

• Population: Stabilised consistent with wealth creation.

• Health for all : No malnutrition & no Epidemics• Vision and Enterprise • Diffusion of wealth and knowledge for the entire

human race • Ethics ,morality, spiritual

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 13

Development

• Economic : wealth, health, trade, military

power

• Intellectual : R&D, discovery, innovation

• Social : equity, inequality, access, mobility

• Ethical: India's concept of globalisation

Not only economic and markets but of knowledge, prosperity and preservation of the environment

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 14

Poverty & Inequity

• No society, nation can be accepted as developed unless both are minimised (elimination impossible ?)

• Equal inputs: unequal outcomes • Uneven distribution of natural resources (also human

resources)• S&T to create wealth, to increase productivity of soil

and men and mind • Machines to work , men to think – drudgery and ruined

jobs to be minimised • (eg: Toyota factory near Tokyo, Japan produces

100,000 cars a day but has only 55 men and 366 robots)

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 15

Nation is respected (Super Power)

• Economic strength

• Intellectual excellence, knowledge creation, R&D

• Military strength

• Global exertion and concern

• Ethical/Moral values it promotes

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 16

Global View of Bharat

• Vasudhaiva kutumbakam• Aa noh bhadraah ritavo yaantu viswatah• Lokaah samasta sukhinoh bhavantu• Isaa vaasyamidam jagat,• Tyaktena bhujithaa• Maa gridhah..• Sahanaavavatu,• Sahanau bhunaktu Sahaveeryam karavaavahaih Maa vidvishaavahaiah Tejaswinaavadheetamastu• Om Santih, Santih, Santih

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 17

Intellectual Property Generation

• Just 12 mln ( <8%) out of 160 mln young in the age group 17-22 are in the universities.

• World Average: 23.2%• Developed countries average: 54.6%• Countries in transition ( eg: Brazil): 36.5%• India: > 11.0%• Asian Countries: 22.0%• We produce every year Engineers MBAs MCAs 450,000 80,000 80,000Numbers larger than any other country in the world

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 18

How Equipped is India for Higher Education

Country Population

(million)

No of Uni-versities

To be on par with the country of comparison; Varsities India needs to have

Korea 45 120 3000 Israel 6 10 1700 Lesotho 2 2 1000

UK 50 170 3400

USA 280 1700 6100

Australia 18 39 2200 China 1200 2000 1800 India 1000 310 ----

*Suggest: Begin having a University for each District* Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up.•Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’.•In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 19

Indian students Abroad

USA UK Australia Singapore New Zealand

> 88K 25K 10K 8K 3K

We spend: $4.0 bln (Rs. 1,60,000 crores)

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 20

Some Foreign Companies’ Employees in India

GE Caps

GE Dev IBM Oracle EDS Texas

16,000 1,800 10,000 6000 3,500 900

Intel JP Morgan

HUWAI Siemens Motorola

1,700 1,200 1,500 2000 1,700

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 21

What our Entrepreneurs are achieving(1)

• Rs.90 K crores; 300 foreign companies• India’s 3rd largest investor in UK; we own

500 cos. In UK• 25% of the companies in Silicon Valley &

New England in the USA are Indian-owned.

• Steel Giants Mittal ( Arcelor…) largest in the world Tata ( Corus) Rs. 53,000 crores!

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 22

What our Entrepreneurs are achieving (2)

• Dr. Reddy’s (Beta Pharma of German Rs. 2,200 cr)

• Ranbaxy • Private bodies in R&D & education• TIFR; IISC; BITS • Dabur; Alembic; Ogale• Annamalai• Saugor• BHU & AMU

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 23

Software Exports

734 1,085 1,750 2,650 3,9005,500 6,800 8,000

10,00012,500

16,560

23,000

31,000

40,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 24-Jun

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 24

Employment in Indian IT sector*,’000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2000 '01 '02 '03+ '04+ '06+ '07+

Call-centers (ITES) Software Multinational operations

(* Years ending March; + Estimate@ break-up: NA)

THC_CTMS S373_Feb'08 25

Dhanyawad: Thankyou