Sprinkler system

Alexandria UniversityFaculty of Engineering

Department of Naval ArchitectureAnd Marine Engineering

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Under supervision of;PROF.Dr.AHMED SHAHER SABITPROF.DR.ADEL BANAWAN

Presented from:Mohammed Taha Ahmed MohammedFourth year No, 38

Seminar contentsSeminar contents - -PrefacePreface..

- -Chapter one : Sprinkler systemChapter one : Sprinkler system.. - -Chapter two : Multi-spray system for the Chapter two : Multi-spray system for the

machinery spaces machinery spaces.. - -Chapter three: ApplicationChapter three: Application for sprinkler systemfor sprinkler system.. - -Chapter four Chapter four : : Rules for (Automatic Sprinkler Rules for (Automatic Sprinkler

system) from (A.B.S) system) from (A.B.S).. - -ConclusionConclusion..

PrefacePreface:: - -A number of fatal accommodation fires have A number of fatal accommodation fires have

been started by people falling asleep whilst been started by people falling asleep whilst smokingsmoking . .

- -The sprinkler system provides protection The sprinkler system provides protection against this type of incidentagainst this type of incident . .

- -The combination of structural fire protection The combination of structural fire protection and an installed sprinkler system which and an installed sprinkler system which incorporates detection, alarm and fire-fighting incorporates detection, alarm and fire-fighting capability, has proved very successful in capability, has proved very successful in combating the outbreak of fire in passenger ship combating the outbreak of fire in passenger ship

accommodationaccommodation..

- -But the main advantage of sprinkler system is But the main advantage of sprinkler system is that we use the water for fire fighting, that is that we use the water for fire fighting, that is because the water is a good medium which because the water is a good medium which protect the object and give a cooling to it and protect the object and give a cooling to it and as a result of cooling the object we prevent it as a result of cooling the object we prevent it from reaching its ignition point. By this way we from reaching its ignition point. By this way we can release the firecan release the fire

- -In the time that water has these advantages it In the time that water has these advantages it also has its disadvantagesalso has its disadvantages::

Fire Extinguishing Agents

AgentAdvantagesDisadvantages

Water

- Always Available

- Excellent cooling properties- water Provides protection, cooling for fire party- Best choice for Class A

- Not to be used on Electrical Fires- Can reduce stability- Can spread Class B firesDamages/destroys equipment

- -Really it is very useful to find rules and Really it is very useful to find rules and regulations control this system and make sure regulations control this system and make sure of right Installation to give best performance of right Installation to give best performance

for sprinkler systemfor sprinkler system . .

- -The (A.B.S) rules and other maritime The (A.B.S) rules and other maritime societies do this role and improve itsocieties do this role and improve it..

Types of water spraying systemsTypes of water spraying systems-:-: 11 - -Automatically operated systemsAutomatically operated systems::

- -Automatically pressure water spraying system Automatically pressure water spraying system ( (Sprinkler systemSprinkler system))

22 - -Manually operated systemsManually operated systems::A) - Pressure water spraying system for machinery spacesA) - Pressure water spraying system for machinery spaces..

B) - Pressure water spraying system for exhaust gas fired B) - Pressure water spraying system for exhaust gas fired thermal oil heaters thermal oil heaters..

C) - Pressure water spraying system for special category C) - Pressure water spraying system for special category spaces and Ro/Ro cargo spaces spaces and Ro/Ro cargo spaces..

D) - Pressure water spraying system for the cargo areas of D) - Pressure water spraying system for the cargo areas of tankers tankers..Note: Note: (B, C, D) are similar to (A)(B, C, D) are similar to (A)..

CHAPTER ONE

Sprinkler system

Description of the systemDescription of the system : : - -The automatic spray or sprinkler system The automatic spray or sprinkler system

provides a network of sprinkler heads (which provides a network of sprinkler heads (which both detect and extinguish fires) throughout the both detect and extinguish fires) throughout the

protected spacesprotected spaces . . - -This system may be used in accommodation This system may be used in accommodation

areas, and in machinery spaces with certain areas, and in machinery spaces with certain variations in the equipment used and the method variations in the equipment used and the method

of operationof operation..

How is the system workHow is the system work?? - - -The sprinkler head is closed by a quartzoid bulb The sprinkler head is closed by a quartzoid bulb

which contains a liquid that expands considerably which contains a liquid that expands considerably on heatingon heating. .

- - -When excessively heated the liquid expands, When excessively heated the liquid expands, shatters the bulb and water will issue from the shatters the bulb and water will issue from the

sprinkler head. A deflector plate on the sprinkler sprinkler head. A deflector plate on the sprinkler head causes the water to spray out over a large head causes the water to spray out over a large

areaarea..

Section in sprinkler headSection in sprinkler head

Sprinkler head specificationsSprinkler head specifications

Sprinkler head ringsSprinkler head rings

How is the system work? How is the system work? ContCont..

- -The water is supplied initially from a The water is supplied initially from a tank pressurized to 8 bars by compressed tank pressurized to 8 bars by compressed air Once the tank pressure falls below 5.5 air Once the tank pressure falls below 5.5

bars , as a sprinkler issues water, a salt bars , as a sprinkler issues water, a salt water pump cuts in automatically to water pump cuts in automatically to

maintain the water supply as long as is maintain the water supply as long as is necessarynecessary..

Sprinkler system componentsSprinkler system components


- -When. The water lifts the When. The water lifts the non-returnnon-return valve valve exposing an annular groove which connects to exposing an annular groove which connects to

a diaphragm alarm switcha diaphragm alarm switch - - -This switch is coupled to an alarm and to an This switch is coupled to an alarm and to an

indicator panel on the bridge which gives indicator panel on the bridge which gives audible and visual warning that a sprinkler has audible and visual warning that a sprinkler has operated and fire has probably broken out in operated and fire has probably broken out in

the section indicatedthe section indicated . .- - -Fires have frequently been found to have Fires have frequently been found to have

been extinguished by the system alonebeen extinguished by the system alone..

Flow alarm switchFlow alarm switch


- -When any occurrence has been dealt When any occurrence has been dealt with the stop valve, which is usually with the stop valve, which is usually

locked open, may be closed to replace the locked open, may be closed to replace the sprinkler head which has operated and to sprinkler head which has operated and to

enable the section to be drained of salt enable the section to be drained of salt water before being filled with fresh from water before being filled with fresh from

the systemthe system

The installation of the systemThe installation of the system - -The complete installation is divided The complete installation is divided

into several sections, each containing into several sections, each containing about 150 to 200 sprinklers and about 150 to 200 sprinklers and

having an alarm valvehaving an alarm valve

- -When one or more sprinklers When one or more sprinklers operate water flows through the operate water flows through the

section valve and sounds an alarm section valve and sounds an alarm and also provides a visual display and also provides a visual display

identifying the section containing the identifying the section containing the firefire..

Alarm valveAlarm valve

lists or planslists or plans

A list or plan is to be displayed at A list or plan is to be displayed at each indicating unit, showing the each indicating unit, showing the

spaces covered and the location of the spaces covered and the location of the zone in respect of each section. zone in respect of each section.

Suitable instructions for testing and Suitable instructions for testing and maintenance are to be availablemaintenance are to be available

lists or planslists or plans

Kind of water used in the systemKind of water used in the system

The system is initially charged with fresh water The system is initially charged with fresh water to reduce corrosion effects, and It is often found, to reduce corrosion effects, and It is often found,

in new ships, that the bilges and sprinkler in new ships, that the bilges and sprinkler systems have not been thoroughly cleaned with systems have not been thoroughly cleaned with the result that wood, nuts, bolts, rags and other the result that wood, nuts, bolts, rags and other debris are found inside valves and pipes after debris are found inside valves and pipes after initial Fire fighting process. These choke the initial Fire fighting process. These choke the

valve-chests and prevent the valves from being valve-chests and prevent the valves from being properly closed. They also block strainersproperly closed. They also block strainers..

Cleaning the systemCleaning the system - -It is Important to clean the system with fresh It is Important to clean the system with fresh

water after initial Fire fighting process to avoid water after initial Fire fighting process to avoid salt water problemssalt water problems

- -It is vital to clean before the sprinkler system is It is vital to clean before the sprinkler system is tested to ensure that all suction pipes, joints, tested to ensure that all suction pipes, joints,

valves and glands are free from air leaksvalves and glands are free from air leaks . .- - -Pipes too must be cleaned and checked as being Pipes too must be cleaned and checked as being

clear before and after assemblyclear before and after assembly..- - -Damage to any electrical equipment by the salt Damage to any electrical equipment by the salt

water is dealt with by washing with hot fresh water is dealt with by washing with hot fresh water before drying outwater before drying out

Testing of the systemTesting of the system The system should be regularly The system should be regularly

checked by creating fault conditions checked by creating fault conditions at the various section control valves at the various section control valves

by opening a test valve, and checking by opening a test valve, and checking for audible and visual alarmsfor audible and visual alarms..

Maintenance of the systemMaintenance of the system - -Any maintenance on a section is carried out Any maintenance on a section is carried out

with the stop valve closed. The test valve can with the stop valve closed. The test valve can be opened to create flow and cause the non-be opened to create flow and cause the non-return section alarm valve to open, to test the return section alarm valve to open, to test the

alarmalarm.. - -Regular maintenance of the system consists Regular maintenance of the system consists

of greasing the various valves and checking of greasing the various valves and checking their freedom of movement, logging the their freedom of movement, logging the

pressure gauge reading, before and after each pressure gauge reading, before and after each alarm valve (thus checking the tightness of alarm valve (thus checking the tightness of

the non-return valves) and checking the alarm the non-return valves) and checking the alarm systemsystem

Maintenance of the systemMaintenance of the system - -The pressure tank level is checked and The pressure tank level is checked and

recharged, if necessary, with fresh water and recharged, if necessary, with fresh water and airair . .

- -The centrifugal salt-water pump should also The centrifugal salt-water pump should also be tested by closing the isolating valves and be tested by closing the isolating valves and

draining the pressure switch circuit, when the draining the pressure switch circuit, when the pump should start automaticallypump should start automatically . .

- -Delivery pressure should be logged. In the Delivery pressure should be logged. In the event of a fire, when a normal situation is event of a fire, when a normal situation is

recovered the section and system are drained recovered the section and system are drained and flushed out; then recharged with fresh and flushed out; then recharged with fresh

water and airwater and air..

Kinds of Sprinkler Heads

1 -Depending on the existence of heat sensitizer

2 -Depending on the installation direction

3 -Depending on the form of fuse

Kinds of Sprinkler HeadsKinds of Sprinkler Heads-:-:

11 - -Depending on the Depending on the existence existence of heat sensitizerof heat sensitizer::

- -Open type. Open type. (With detection device)(With detection device)

- -Closed typeClosed type. (Without detection device). (Without detection device)


22 - -Depending on the Depending on the installation installation directiondirection::

- -Upright typeUpright type

- -Sidewall typeSidewall type

- -Pendent typePendent type


33 - -Depending on the Depending on the formform of fuseof fuse:: - -Fusible link typeFusible link type..

- -Metal piece typeMetal piece type..

- -Glass bulb typeGlass bulb type..

- -Chemical piece typeChemical piece type..

We will show the most We will show the most common sprinkler heads common sprinkler heads used in the marine fieldused in the marine field

Glass bulb typesGlass bulb types

Bulb color due to its temperatureBulb color due to its temperature-:-:

- - -Red bulb: Red bulb: 6868°C°C . .- ((For accommodation spacesFor accommodation spaces))

- -Yellow bulb: Yellow bulb: 8080°C°C.. - -Green bulb: Green bulb: 9393°C°C..

- - -Blue bulb: Blue bulb: 141141°C°C - ((For engine room, galleyFor engine room, galley……etcetc))

-NoteNote:: we often add we often add 3030°C to the space °C to the space temperaturetemperature

Types of Sprinkler systemsTypes of Sprinkler systems-:-:

A) Wet-pipe TypeA) Wet-pipe Type

B) Dry-pipe TypeB) Dry-pipe Type

C) Pre-action TypeC) Pre-action Type

D) Alternate-typeD) Alternate-type

E) Deluge and recycling typeE) Deluge and recycling type

A) Wet-pipe TypeA) Wet-pipe Type - -A wet-type sprinkler system is one in which A wet-type sprinkler system is one in which

the piping between the outlet side of the main the piping between the outlet side of the main sprinkler valve and the sprinkler heads is sprinkler valve and the sprinkler heads is

charged with fresh watercharged with fresh water . . - -Once the system is activated, the fresh water is Once the system is activated, the fresh water is

immediately discharged and replaced by salt immediately discharged and replaced by salt waterwater . .

- -Although wet-type sprinkler systems do Although wet-type sprinkler systems do contain quite a few more components than dry-contain quite a few more components than dry-type systems, they function on similar type systems, they function on similar

principlesprinciples..

A) Wet-pipe type ContA) Wet-pipe type Cont.. - -The main advantage of wet systems is a The main advantage of wet systems is a

very rapid response time. Sprinkling starts very rapid response time. Sprinkling starts approximately 1 second after activation. And approximately 1 second after activation. And these are the most common systems and are these are the most common systems and are used in ships where there is no risk of used in ships where there is no risk of

freezingfreezing . .-- - They are quick to react because water is They are quick to react because water is

always in the pipes above the sprinkler always in the pipes above the sprinkler headsheads . .

-- - Wet systems are required for multi-storey Wet systems are required for multi-storey or high-rise ceiling and for life safetyor high-rise ceiling and for life safety

Wet pipe systemWet pipe system

B) Dry-pipe TypeB) Dry-pipe Type - -The pipes are filled with air under The pipes are filled with air under

pressure at all times and the water is held pressure at all times and the water is held back by the control valve. When a back by the control valve. When a sprinkler head opens, the drop in air sprinkler head opens, the drop in air pressure opens the valve and water flows pressure opens the valve and water flows

into the pipe work and onto the fireinto the pipe work and onto the fire . .

- -Dry pipe systems are used where wet or Dry pipe systems are used where wet or alternate systems cannot be usedalternate systems cannot be used..

Dry-pipe valvesDry-pipe valves

C) Pre-action TypeC) Pre-action Type - -Like dry pipe systems the pipes are filled Like dry pipe systems the pipes are filled

with air but water is only let into the pipes with air but water is only let into the pipes when the detector operates (e.g. smoke when the detector operates (e.g. smoke

detectors)detectors) . .

- -Pre-action systems are used where it is Pre-action systems are used where it is not acceptable to have the pipes full of not acceptable to have the pipes full of water unless there is a firewater unless there is a fire..

Pre-action valvesPre-action valves

D) Alternate-typeD) Alternate-type- - -As the name suggest Alternate As the name suggest Alternate

systems can have the pipes full of systems can have the pipes full of water for the summer and be water for the summer and be drained down and filled with air drained down and filled with air

(under pressure) for the winter(under pressure) for the winter . .- - -This is important for buildings This is important for buildings

that are not heatedthat are not heated

E) Deluge and recycling typeE) Deluge and recycling type

These are not strictly sprinkler These are not strictly sprinkler systems and are only used in special systems and are only used in special cases for industrial riskscases for industrial risks

Note: where an automatic sprinkler system is not fitted in accommodation spaces, it is necessary to install an automatic fire alarm

system similar to that used for unmanned machinery spaces. (The system would consist of an electric circuit for srnoke

detectors and possibly bimetallic temperature sensors. Warning is given by

an audible alarm with visual indication showing the section in which the fire has

occurred).

CHAPTER TWO

Multi-spray system for the machinery spaces

Multi-spray system for the machinery spaces

- -This system is similar to the sprinkler used in This system is similar to the sprinkler used in accommodation areas but the spray heads are accommodation areas but the spray heads are

not operated automaticallynot operated automatically . .- - -The section control valves are opened by The section control valves are opened by

hand to supply water to the heads in one or hand to supply water to the heads in one or more areasmore areas . .

- - -Ready to use hoses can also be suppliedReady to use hoses can also be supplied . .- - -Fresh water is used for the initial charging Fresh water is used for the initial charging

and the system is brought to working pressure and the system is brought to working pressure by means of the compressed air connectionby means of the compressed air connection . .

Multi-spray system for the machinery spaces Cont.

- -The air bottle provides a cushion and prevents cut-in of the pump due to any slight leakage of the water .

- -The pump is automatically operated by pressure drop in the system when the control valve to one section is

opened -The pump must have either an independent drive or an

electric motor with a supply via the emergency generator switchboard. It must be able to maintain working

pressure when supplying all the sections simultaneously in one compartment. It is installed outside the

compartment it serves

Multi-spray system for the machinery spaces Cont.

-Spray nozzles are designed to give the correct droplet size for fires in flammable liquids such as fuels and lubricating oils,

when working at the correct pressure. They are located so as to give adequate water

distribution over the tank top and all fire risk areas.

Water spray is a potentially good Water spray is a potentially good fire-fighting medium becausefire-fighting medium because::

((aa ) )It produces a large quantity of It produces a large quantity of steam which has a smothering steam which has a smothering actionaction;;

((bb ) )In producing the steam, a large In producing the steam, a large amount of heat is required )latent amount of heat is required )latent heat( and this gives a cooling heat( and this gives a cooling

effecteffect ; ;

((cc ) )The spray will protect personnel in The spray will protect personnel in the compartmentthe compartment

Note:Note: The accommodation The accommodation and machinery space and machinery space

systems may be combined by systems may be combined by a valve which is normally a valve which is normally

kept locked shutkept locked shut

Water mist (fog)Water mist (fog) - - -Water mist (fog) Sprinklers are being used as an Water mist (fog) Sprinklers are being used as an

alternative to, the now banned, Halon fire suppression alternative to, the now banned, Halon fire suppression systemssystems . .

- - -The mist system delivers very small water particles, The mist system delivers very small water particles, which are able to remain suspended in the airwhich are able to remain suspended in the air . .

- - -The water particles are evaporated by the heat of the The water particles are evaporated by the heat of the fire and the expanding vapor displaces oxygenfire and the expanding vapor displaces oxygen . .

- - -The combined cooling and oxygen starvation effects The combined cooling and oxygen starvation effects quickly extinguish a firequickly extinguish a fire . .

- - -Less water is used than with sprinkler systems and the Less water is used than with sprinkler systems and the mist has proved effective against liquid fuel fires, mist has proved effective against liquid fuel fires,

making it suitable for use in machinery spacesmaking it suitable for use in machinery spaces..

Water mist (fog) Water mist (fog) ContCont..

- - -Research is continuing, in particular as to Research is continuing, in particular as to the effectiveness of mist in a large machinery the effectiveness of mist in a large machinery

spacespace . .- - -Water mist is accepted as a fire Water mist is accepted as a fire

extinguishing agent, with respect to extinguishing agent, with respect to SOLASSOLAS fire protection requirementsfire protection requirements

CHAPTER THREE

Application for sprinkler system

Example for sprinkler system:- Example for sprinkler system:- Applied on Anile floating hotel Applied on Anile floating hotel

((NILE DOLPHINENILE DOLPHINE))

Pipe DimensionsPipe Dimensions::

No, of Sprinkler Pipe DN in mm

Sprinkler1 15( 1/2)"

Sprinkler2 20( 3/4)"

Sprinkler3 25( 1)"

4 Sprinkler32( 1/1/4)"

5 Sprinkler40( 1/1/2)"

6:200 Sprinkler50( 2)"

The sprinkler stationThe sprinkler station

Note: The (ND50 mm) pipe has to be (60.3 mm) "Outside diameter" at the

flow switch

General arrangementGeneral arrangement

Data for general arrangement of sprinkler system1-Overboard 2-Fire pump 3-Riser 4-Sea chest 5-Tunnel

6-Sprinkler head 7-Section valve 8-Flow switch 9-Lobby 10-Frist deck11-Second deck 12-Third deck 13-Fourth deck

Sprinkler head spacingSprinkler head spacing

Fire pump

2X+ND50

ND65

Frist Deck

Section valve

Second Deck

2X-ND50

ND65Flow switch

2X +ND50

ND65

Third deck

2X-ND50

ND65

Flow switch

Section valve

Fourth Deck

CHAPTER FOUR

Rules and Regulations

We will show the most We will show the most Important rules for Important rules for

sprinkler systemsprinkler system

Location of Sprinkler Location of Sprinkler Pump and TankPump and Tank

The sprinkler pump and tank are The sprinkler pump and tank are to be situated in a position to be situated in a position

reasonably remote from any reasonably remote from any machinery space of category A machinery space of category A and are not to be situated in any and are not to be situated in any

space required to be protected by space required to be protected by the sprinkler systemthe sprinkler system

Power SourcesPower Sources

There are to be not less than two There are to be not less than two sources of power supply for the sources of power supply for the sea water pump and automatic sea water pump and automatic

alarm and detection systemalarm and detection system

Connection with the Fire Connection with the Fire MainMain

The sprinkler system is to have a The sprinkler system is to have a connection from the vesselconnection from the vessel’’s fire s fire main by way of a lockable screw main by way of a lockable screw

down down non-return valvenon-return valve at the at the connection, which will prevent a connection, which will prevent a

backflow from the sprinkler backflow from the sprinkler system to the fire mainsystem to the fire main..

Spare PartsSpare Parts - -A quantity of spare sprinkler heads is to be provided for all A quantity of spare sprinkler heads is to be provided for all

types and ratings installed on the vessel, as followstypes and ratings installed on the vessel, as follows

- The number of spare sprinkler heads of any type need not exceed the total number of heads installed

of that type.

ConclusionConclusion::Now we all proof that sprinkler system is the best Now we all proof that sprinkler system is the best system for firefighting in this field but to give the system for firefighting in this field but to give the best performance of this system we must apply all best performance of this system we must apply all

its rulesits rules . .

Fortunately, Fortunately, in the marine field this system doesn't in the marine field this system doesn't give it performance because the power source of give it performance because the power source of the fire pump isn't available all the time or the fire pump isn't available all the time or because of the broken bulb of sprinkler head or because of the broken bulb of sprinkler head or forfor…………etc, All this result in huge disaster etc, All this result in huge disaster Like( ASLAM 98)Like( ASLAM 98)

Thank YouThank You

Sprinkler system

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