Fire Sprinkler System - By BTSalazar

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Fire Protection System

Protecting Property, Saving Life

EDD Development Program

presented by: Engr . Bernabe Salazar Jr

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Aftermath of fire – the cost of failing to manage fire

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Fire

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Section ObjectivesYou will be able to identify and explain:

•What a fire is•Necessary elements for a fire to occur•Characteristics and types of fuel classes•Characteristics and types of ignition sources•Characteristics of flammable liquids•How heat is transferred during a fire•Products of combustion

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FIRE

What is Fire?

Fire is rapid, self-sustaining oxidation accompanied by the evolution of varying intensities of heat and light.

This definition indicates that fire is a chemical process of decomposition in which the rapid oxidation of a fuel produces heat and light.

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ELEMENTS OF FIRE

Fire TRIANGLE

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ELEMENTS OF FIRE

Fire SQUARE

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Classification of Fires RA 9514

Class Type of Fire Symbol

Class A Fires

Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood,cloth, rubber and plastics.

Class B Fires

Fires involving flammable liquids and gases.

Class C Fires

Fires involving energized electrical equipment.

Class D Fires

Fires involving combustible materials, such as sodium,magnesium, potassium, and other similar materials.

Class K Fires

Fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (vegetable or animal oils and fats).

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Classes of Fire

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METHODS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRE

• Starving• Smothering• Cooling• Inhibition or retarding the combustion reaction

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IGNITION SOURCES

heat-producing action• mechanical

(friction,compression)• electrical

(resistance, arcing, static, lightning) • chemical (combustion,decomposition,

spontaneous heating, solution)• nuclear reaction

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FIRE IN ENCLOSED SPACE

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FIRE GROWTH GRAPH

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HEAT TRANSFER

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HEAT TRANSFER

What type of heat transfer is this?

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HEAT TRANSFER

Flashover

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HEAT TRANSFER

If a door or window is opened and a fresh supply of oxygen is introduced at the right (wrong) time, all of the built up CO will explode with devastating results.

Backdraft

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Products of Combustion

Flame

Heat

Smoke

GasesCO2, CO-flammableSO2, NO2, Hydrogen CyanideAcrolein

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Types of Sprinkler System

1. Wet Pipe System2. Dry Pipe System3. Deluge System4. Preaction System

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Sprinkler system : basic configuration

1.main water tank2.main water pump3.main pilot valve (dry)4. pilot valve (wet)5. sprinkler head - standing configuration6.sprinkler head - hanging configuration7.pressure tank8.testing piping9.testing piping10.filling piping11.compressor12.alarm bell13.fire central14. alarm bell15..pressure gauge16. switchboard

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Hydrant system : basic configuration

1. Fire Pump2. Hydrant3. Fire Hose cabinet4. Fire Hose5. Portable Water Monitor6. Fix Water Monitor7. Indoor Hydrant Box8. Control Panel

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1. Fire Pump2. Cistern tank3. Pressure Tank4.Flow Meter5.Non-rise temperature Device6. Alarm valve unit7. Sprinkler Head8. Test Valve9. Fire department Connection 10. Water Tank11. Control Panel 12. Alarm Panel13.Alrm Siren14. Level switch

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1. CO2 Cylinder2. Manifold3. Selection Valve4.Actuating Cylinder Box5.Discharge Nozzle6. Pressure Switch 7. Control Panel8. Battery Panel 9.Discharge Lamp10.Alarm11. Manual Operation Box12. Detector

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Wet Pipe System. A sprinkler system employing fusible element sprinklers attached to a piping that contain water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers head opened by heat from a fire.

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Dry Pipe System. A sprinkler system employing fusible head sprinklers attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve. The water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers.

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Preaction System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing air that may or may not be under pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. Actuation of the detection system opens a valve that permits water to flow into the sprinkler piping system and to be discharged from any sprinklers that are open.

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Deluge System. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flow into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto.

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Myths and Facts About Sprinkler Systems

Water damage from a sprinkler system will be more extensive than fire damage

Fact: Water damage from a sprinkler system will be much less severe than the damage caused by water from fire-fighting hose lines and fire damage if the fire goes unabated. Quick response sprinklers release 8-24 gallons of water per minute compared to 50-125 gallons per minute released by a fire hose

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When a fire occurs, every sprinkler head goes off

Fact: Sprinkler heads are individually activated by fire. . 90% of all fires are controlled with six or fewer heads and a study conducted in Australia and New Zealand covering 82 years of automatic sprinkler use found that 82% of the fires which occurred were controlled by two or fewer sprinklers.

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A smoke detector provides enough protection

Fact: Smoke detectors save lives by providing a warning system but can do nothing to extinguish a growing fire .

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Sprinklers are designed to protect property, but are not effective for life safety

Fact: Sprinklers provide a high level of life safety. Statistics demonstrate that there has never been any multiple loss of life in a fully sprinklered building. Property losses are 85% less with fire sprinklers compared to those without sprinklers. The combination of automatic sprinklers and early warning systems in all buildings could reduce overall injuries, loss of life and property damage by at least 50%.

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Sprinkler section : flow control

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Types of Sprinkler Heads

Conventional Upright Pendent

Horizontal Sidewall Vertical Sidewall Recessed Pendent

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Types of Sprinkler Heads

Recessed Pendent Concealed Pendent

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Sprinkler Heads Parts

Frame or castingDeflectorFusible element or frangible bulbPip CapPintle ScrewBelleville Spring The Bellville Spring seals the water way of the sprinkler. This metal to metal sealing mechanism allows the waterway to clear even when no pressure is on the inlet of the sprinkler head.

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Sprinkler Heads Fusible Element

Ordinary Intermediate High Exra High Ultra High

RED YELLOW GREEN BLUE MAUVE BLACK

68 0C 79 0C 100 0C 141 0C 182 0C 260 0C

155 0F 175 0F 212 0F 286 0F 360 0F 500 0F

Maximum Ceiling Temperature

38 0C 65 0C 107 0C 149 240

100 0F 150 0F 225 0F 300 0F 465 0FStandard Response Elements – 5mm bulb

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Sprinkler Heads Fusible Element

Ordinary Intermediate High

RED YELLOW GREEN BLUE

68 0C 79 0C 100 0C 141 0C

155 0F 175 0F 212 0F 286 0F

Maximum Ceiling Temperature

38 0C 65 0C 107 0C

100 0F 150 0F 225 0FFast Response Elements – 3mm bulb

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Sprinkler Head Response

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Classification of Occupancy

RA: 9514 ; Rule 10: Fire Safety Measure , Division 3 : Classification of Occupancy

1. Assembly2. Educational3. Healthcare4.Detention and Correctional5. Residential6. Mercantile7. Business8. Industrial9. Storage10. Mixed Occupancies11. Miscellaneous

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RA: 9514 ; Rule 10: Fire Safety Measure , Division 3

1. Assembly2. Educational3. Healthcare4.Detention and Correctional5. Residential

6. Mercantile7. Business8. Industrial9. Storage10. Mixed Occupancies11. Miscellaneous

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MERCANTILEMercantile occupancies include stores, markets, and other rooms, buildings, or structures for the display and/or sale of merchandise.

Mercantile occupancies include: malls; supermarkets; department stores; shopping centers; flea markets; public/private dry and wet markets; water refilling stations; drugstores; hardwares/construction supplies; showrooms; and auction rooms.

Fire Sprinkler System - By BTSalazar

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