Grammar BookDiego Taylor

Table of Contents Ser Estar Verbs Like Gustar Hacer Expressions Verbs in the Preterit Preterit Trigger Words -Car, -Gar, -Zars Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs

Snake Verbs Snakeyes Commands Irregular Commands DOP IOP Only time OPs can

Hook onto Verbs Se Impersonal

Ser To be Used for: Descriptions Origin Characteristics Time Occupations Relationships Possessions Events Dates

Estar To be “How you feel and where you are is when you use

estar.” –Sra. Rodriguez Health Emotions Location Present Condition I N G

Verbs Like Gustar Gustar verbs only conjugate into the Usted,

Ustedes and in some cases the tú forms. Gustar Gusta Gustas Gustan Faltar Falta Faltas Faltan Doler Duele Dueles Duelen Fascinar Fascina Fascinas Fasinan Molestar Molesta Molestas Molestan

Hacer Expressions Hacer expressions are used to express

time Hace + Time + Que + Verb Example Hace tres dias que trabajo aquí I have been working here for three days Hace tres dias que empecé a trabajar aquí I started working here three years ago

Verbs in The Preterit The preterit is used

when an action has a definite beginning and/or end.

Preterit Trigger Words Words or phrases that are used to call for

the use of a preterit verb Ex. Ayer=yesterday El otro dia=the other day El dia anterior=the day before Va a vez=one time Ayer por la mañana=yesterday morning

Preterit Triggers cont. El fin de samana passado=last weekend Entonces=then En ese memento=in that moment Hace dos dias=two days ago

Preterit irregulars, -Car, -Gar, -Zar

First grouping of irregular preterit verbs Only conjugated differently in the “yo” form Car -> qué Tocar-> toqué Gar -> ué Jugar-> jugué Zar -> cé comenzar-> comencé

Spock Verbs Spock verbs are the second grouping of

irregular verbs in the preterit Hacer: hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron Ir/ser: fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron Dar: di diste dio dimos dieron Ver: vi viste vio vimos vieron

Cucaracha Verbs Third grouping of irregular preterit verbs Only the base of verb changes while preterit endings stay

same Andar=anduv- Estar=estuv- Poder=pud- Poner=pus- Querer=quis- Saber=sup- Tener=tuv- Vener=vin

Cucaracha Verbs cont. Conduceir=conduj- Producir=produj Traducir=traduj- Decir=dij- Traer=traj- If verb conjugation ends in a j drop the “I” in

the ending if it follows the j.

Snake Verbs Change the root of the

verb in the preterit only in the usted and ustedes forms.

Ex.

Snakeys Only change in usted

and ustedes Add “y” to beginning of

suffix Verbs like leer, creer,

and oír

Ex.

Commands Affirmative commands in the “tu” form are formed

by simply dropping the “s” at the end Affirmative commands in the usted and ustedes

forms change the verb to the “yo” form and change to opposite vowel

Opposite vowel means if verb is –ar change the “o” to “e” and if an –er verb change “o” to “a”

A Direct object, DO, can be added to an affermitive

Commands cont. For negative commands in the “tu” form put

in “yo” for, change to opposite vowel and add an “s”

For the negative usted and ustedes form follow same rule as above but place “no” before the verb

Warning: DOP and IOP do not connect to negative verb commands

Irregular Commands For the negative “tu” form the irregulars are

different then the other irregulars Di Haz Ve Pon Sal Se Ten Ven

Irregular Commands cont. For all other forms of commands the irregulars

are the “TVDISHES” T=tenga V=venga D=dé I=ir=vaya S=sea H=haga E=esté S=sepa

DOP A DOP answers the question who or what The DOPs are: me, te, lo/la/se, nos, and

los/las/se “se” is used when two objects that start with

“L” are together Can exist without an IOP

IOP IOPs can only be used with a DOP present

in the setence Answers the question to whom or for whom Me, te, le/se, nos, los las Is the receiver of action Se lo di= I gave it to her The se is actually a le but changes to se

Only time Object Pronouns can Hook onto a Verb

1: if the verb is in the un-conjugated infinitive form

2: in affirmative commands

3: if the verb is in gerund form

Se Impersonal “se” is used to not specify the person who

is committing the action It is only used when the verb is in the

“usted” form Can be used in all tenses of the verb Se habla español aquí. => An unspecified

person speeks spanish here.

Grammer Book Part 2

Grammar Book part 2. Past Participles as Adjectives  El Futuro and ir + a+ infinitive  Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns Informal + irregulars verbs  Formal + irregulars verbs  DOP + IOP placement in verbs  Modal Verbs Reflexives Saber vs. Conocer

Past Participles when conjugating a verb, take off the

ending and attach –ado or –ido Ar -ado Ir/Er -Ido

 

El Futuro and ir + a+ infinitive

É emos

ás

á an

The future tense is used to describe an action that has not occurred yet but will occur

Demonstrative Adjectives Agree in both gender and number with the noun

they modify Always in front of noun they modify Este/Esta (this) Ese/Ese (that)

Estos/Estas (these) Esos/Esas (those)

Demonstrative Pronouns Add an accent over the first “e” of the

demonstrative adjectives to make it a pronoun

Informal + irregulars verbs

The irregulars are TVDISHES

Formal + irregular verbs

DOP + IOP placement in verbs 1: if the verb is in the un-conjugated

infinitive form

2: in affirmative commands

3: if the verb is in gerund form Negative commands the DOP/IOP is

placed in front of verb

Model Verbs Model Verbs pair with another verb to get a

new meaning

Ir+a+infinitive Going to do something

Poder+infinitive Are able to do something

Querer+infinitive Want to do something

Deber+infinitve Should do something

Tener que+infinitve To have to do something

Reflexive Verbs Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive verbs reflect the action back to the doer of the action

Me nos

te os

se se

Reflexive Verbs cont. Ex.to bathe

bañarse

to get up

levantarse

to be happy

alegrarse

to go to bed

acostarse

Saber Vs. Conocer

Saber To know informative facts Mental

Conocer To know places, people,

things physical