Sp2h grammer book
-
Upload
arsnyder77 -
Category
Documents
-
view
263 -
download
0
Transcript of Sp2h grammer book
By: Abby Snyder
Grammar Book
Table of contents1) nationalities2) Stem change3) Para4) IOP5) Pronoun placement6) Gustar7) Affirmative and negative words8) Supperlatives9) Reflexives10) Affirmative tú comands/ irregular/ pronoun placement11) Negative tú commands/ irregular/ pronoun placement12) Sequencing events13) Preterites14) trigger words15) -car, -gar, -zar16) deber + invinitive17) Modal verbs18) Present progressive19) adverbs
nacionalidad
Stem changers
contar
0-ue
cuetan
contamos
Cuenta
cuentas
cuento
pedir
E-I
piden
pedimos
pide
pides
pido
jugar
U-ue
juegan
jugamos
juega
juegas
juego
pensar
E-ie
piensan
pensamos
piensa
piensas
pienso
PARA
PREPOSITION
purpose
destination
IOP/DOP
Before a conjugated verb.
Attach it to an infinitive
Attach to a gerund (“ing”)
1
2
3
Pronoun placement
1) Attach the pronoun to the infinitive2) Attach the pronoun to the progressive tense3) Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command4) Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
Gustar
Gustar
Nos
me Te
Le
Les
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE WORDS
AFFIRMATIVE WORDS• Algo • Alguien• Algûn/
Alguno (a)• Siempre• También
NEGATIVE WORDS• Nada• Nadie • Ningun/Ninguno (a)• Nunca • Tampoco
Superlatives
The suffix –ísimo, –ísimos, -ísima, -ísimas are added to adjectives and adverbs.
Adjectives an adverbs ending in -C, -G, or, -Z change their spelling to qu, gu, and c respectively.
Adjectives that end in –n, or –r form by adding –císimo (a)
Reflexive verbs
conjugateAdd
reflexive pronoun
Conjugated verb in
reflexive form
me
te
le
nos
• Used when the subject also receives the actions.• You will see –se attached to the verb.
~ex:ComerseLavarse
Pronoun Placement1. Infinitive2. Gerund/ “ing”3. Before
conjugated verb4. *Affirmative
Comand
Affirmative tú commands/irregular/pronoun placement
+Tú commands~Drop the S~ Irregulars
• Di-decir• Haz-hacer• Ve-ir• Pon-poner• Sal-salir• Sé-ser• Ten-tener• Ven-venir
Negative tú commands/irregular/pronoun placement-Tú commands1. Put in Yo
form2. Change
the vowel3. Add “s”
Ar->eEr, ir->a
Pronoun Placement1. Infinitive2. Gerund/ “ing”3. Before conjugated
verb
Irregulars• Tener-no tengas• Venir-no vengas• Dar/Decir-no dé/no digas• Ir-no vayas• Ser-no seas• Hace-no hagas• Estar-no estes• Saber-no sepas
Sequencing Events
Primero Entonces Luego/Después
Por finAntes
de/Después de
Por la mañana/Tard
e/Noche
Los lunes, etc.
Preterites
AR:
-éHablé
-amoshablamos
-astehablaste
-óhabló
-aronhablaron
ER/IR:
-ícomí
-imoscomimos
-istecomister
-iócomió
-ieroncomieron
Trigger Words
-car –gar -zar
tocarToquetocastetocótocamostocaron
jugarjugejugastejugójugamosjugaron
comenzarcomencécomenzastecomenzócomenzamosComezaron
Deber + infinitive
The verb means should or ought to .
To say what people should do, use a conjugated form of deber with the infinitive of another verb.
Deber + infinitive
debo debemos
debes
debe deben
Modal verbs When verbs are used in model verb combinations the 2nd
verb is not conjugated but rather left in the infinitive form.
You would never say “no puedo” Examples:*deber*desear*necesitar*poder*saber*soler
Present progressive
when you use pronouns with the present progressive you can put them in one of two places: Put pronouns before
the conjugated form of estar
Or attach them to the end of the present participle
Estoy esperandoEstás esperandoEsté esperandoestamos esperandoEstán esperando
Adverbs
When an adjective ends in l, e, or z simply add –mente to the end.
For adjectives with –o or –a endings add –mente to the feminine form.
adverbsrecientementefrecuentementefácilmentenormalmenteespecialmentecuidadosamenterápidamentelentamentetranquilamente