Spanish grammar book
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Transcript of Spanish grammar book
Ema McDaniel
PresentPresent Stem ChangesStem Changes Irregular “yo”Irregular “yo” Saber vs. ConocerSaber vs. Conocer ReflexiveReflexive ““se” Impersonalsse” Impersonals Dipthongs with accentsDipthongs with accents Verbs like… -uir/guir, cer/cir, ger/girVerbs like… -uir/guir, cer/cir, ger/gir
Hace +___+ gustaHace +___+ gusta Ser vs. estarSer vs. estar ImperfectoImperfecto
Irregulars Triggers
PreteritePreterite Irregulars Car/gar/zar, cucaracha, snake y
snakey, spock triggers
Comparatives/ superlativesComparatives/ superlatives FutureFuture
Irregulars triggers
• -ar o as a emos ais an
Los verbos regulares en el presente:
-er-er
oo
eses
ee
emosemos
eiseis
enen
-ir-ir
oo
eses
ee
imosimos
isis
enen
• “e” se convierte a “ie”• “e” se convierte a “i”• “o” se convierte a “ue”• “u” se convierte a “ue”
*Ojo!=No se cambian en el nosotros ni vosotros sol amente en “la bota”
Ir
Iba
Ibas
Iba
Ibamos
Iban
Ser
Era
Eras
Era
Eramos
Eran
Ver
Veia
Veias
Veia
Veiamos
Veiran
• Saber– To know– facts
• Conocer– To know – people
Ex: Juan sabe donde esta Maria.
Juan knows where Maria is.
Ex: Yo no se tu numero de telefono.
I don’t know you telephone number
Ex: Yo no conozco a Maria
I don’t know Maria
Ex: Alberto y Alfredo conocen Madrid
Alberto and Alfredo know Madrid
Los Reflexivos
me te
se nosos
seReflexives are what are reflected upon oneself or others.
“Se Impersonal”Passive voice
Se habla espanol
Reciprocal action“each other”Nos vemos
Common Impersonal Expressions:
-conviene que…
-es bueno que…
-es facil que…
Es importante que…
Dipthongs• Used when a weak vowel (i, y or u) and a
strong vowel (a, e or o) or two weak vowels come together to form one syllable.
Ex: esquiar- to skiYo- esquYo- esquioio Nos- esquiamosNos- esquiamos
Tu- esquiasTu- esquias Vos- Vos- esquiaisesquiais
El, ella, usd- esquiaEl, ella, usd- esquia Ellos- Ellos- esquianesquian
* Estudiar and * Estudiar and limpiar- There limpiar- There is no accent is no accent stress on the stress on the “i”.“i”.
Verbs like gustar-uir/guir, cer/cir, ger/gir
• Found in the present tense.
vowel + cer/cir verbs = c to zc
Ger/gir verbs: g to j
guir: gu to g
Would
Should
Could
Hace + time + gusta+ present
Shows the amount of time that an action took
•Hacer + the amount of time needed to complete the action +que + the present verb that is being completed at the time
Ser vs. EstarSoySoy
EresEres
EsEs
SomosSomos
SoisSois
sonson
EstoyEstoy
EstasEstas
EstaEsta
EstamosEstamos
EstaisEstais
EstanEstan
DOCTER PED
Descriptions, origin, characteristics, time, occupation, relationships, possession, events, dates
HELPING
Health, emotion, location, present condition, -ing
Imperfecto• -ar
– Yo- aba– Tu- abas– El, ella, ud.-aba– Nosotros- abamos– Uds.- aban
• yo- ia
Tu- ias
•El, ella, ud- ia
Nosotros- iamos
Uds- ian
*uncompleted action, no definite beginning or end, descriptive tense- who, what, where, and when
Triggers!!
Siempre
A menudo
Cadadia
Todos los dias
Iriba
ibamosibasIba iban
Ser
era eramos
eras
era eran
Ver
veia vieamos
veias
veia vian
Preterite
Used for completed past actions• Known beginning and/or end• “snapshot” of time
-ar endings
e
aste
o
amos
asteis
aron
-er and –ir endings
i
iste
imos
isteis
ieron
Types
Car- -> que
Gar -> que
Zar -> ce
Hacer
Hice
Hiciste
Hizo
Hicimos
Hicieron
Dar/ver
d/vi
d/viste
d/io
d/imos
d/ieron
Ir/ser
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuermos
Fueron
Trigger words:AyerAnocheAnteayerLa semana pasado
Andar-anduv
Estar-estuv
Poder-pud
Poner-pus
Wuerer-quis
Saber-sup
Tener-tuv
Vener-vin
Snake
E to I
Ex: pedir, venir
O to u
Ex: morirSnakey
O to y
Ex: oir
E to y
Ex: creer
Comparatives and superlativesExpress comparisons and differences
menos adj que
El/la mas
adj de
mas
adj que
El menos
adj deBueno/a->mejor
Grande->mayor
Joven->menor
Viejo/a->mayor
El futuro
• Infinitive + e, as, a , emos, an
• The “will factor”• Vivir_____ =yo vivire• comer____• Hablar___
• Immediate future• Ir+a+infinitive• Ex:Voy a salir
Trigger words!
La semana
Proxima
Ano
Pasado ano
Manana
Irregular future
• DecirDecir dir-dir- to sayto say• HaberHaber habr-habr- there to be, to havethere to be, to have• HacerHacerhar-har- to make, doto make, do• PoderPoder podr-podr- to put, place, setto put, place, set• QuererQuerer querr-querr- to want, loveto want, love• SaberSabersabr-sabr- to leave, go outto leave, go out• TenerTener tendr-tendr- to haveto have• ValerValer valdr-valdr- to be worthto be worth• VenirVenir vendr-vendr- to cometo come
Infinitive:easaemosan