2011 Spanish Grammar Book2011 Spanish Grammar Book

Tiana AnthonyTiana Anthony

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTitle page Title page Table of ContentsTable of Contents

Present Present Stem Changers Stem Changers Irregular “Yo” verbs Irregular “Yo” verbs Saber vs. ConocerSaber vs. ConocerReflexives Reflexives ““Se” impersonal Se” impersonal Dipthongs with accentsDipthongs with accentsVerbs similar to Gustar Verbs similar to Gustar Irregular verbs ending in Uir/Guir, Cer/Cir, Ger/Gir Irregular verbs ending in Uir/Guir, Cer/Cir, Ger/Gir Hace + ___ + que ___ + present/preterito Hace + ___ + que ___ + present/preterito ImperfectImperfectPreteritePreterite

– Cucaracha verbsCucaracha verbs– Spock verbsSpock verbs– Snake and snakeySnake and snakey– Trigger wordsTrigger words

FutureFutureComparativesComparativesSuperlativesSuperlatives

Presente –er, -ar, -irPresente –er, -ar, -ir

-ar -ar -er-er -ir-ir

yoyo OO OO OO

TuTu AsAs EsEs EsEs

El/Ella/El/Ella/

UstedUsted

AA EE EE

Nosotros Nosotros (as)(as)

AmosAmos EmosEmos ImosImos

Ellos (as)/ Ellos (as)/ UstedesUstedes

AnAn EnEn En En

Stem ChangersStem Changers

e e ie ie

o o ue ue

e e I I

u u ueue

Also called boot verbs. There is no stem change in the nosotros/vosotros

Irregular –zco, -go, -oyIrregular –zco, -go, -oy

-oy(dar) -go(tener) -zco(conocer)-oy(dar) -go(tener) -zco(conocer)

doy damos tengo tenemos conozcodoy damos tengo tenemos conozco

das dais tienes tieneis conoces conoseisdas dais tienes tieneis conoces conoseis

da dan tiene tienen conoce conocenda dan tiene tienen conoce conocen***Irregular “YO” verbs only change in the yo form***Irregular “YO” verbs only change in the yo form

Saber vs. ConocerSaber vs. Conocer

Conocer- to knowConocer- to know

Saber-to knowSaber-to know

Use saber Use conocerUse saber Use conocer

-express knowledge -recognizing a-express knowledge -recognizing a

or info about a certain a person, place,or info about a certain a person, place,

thing or object. thing or object.

Los ReflextivosLos Reflextivos

What are they?What are they?– They are what are reflected upon oneself or other.They are what are reflected upon oneself or other.

Me Lavarse- Mi lavo mi cara.Me Lavarse- Mi lavo mi cara.Te Peintarse- Te peines tu pelo.Te Peintarse- Te peines tu pelo.Se Cepillarse- Se cepilla mi dientes.Se Cepillarse- Se cepilla mi dientes.Nos Pedirse- Nos pedimos a maestra.Nos Pedirse- Nos pedimos a maestra.Os Levantarse-Os levantiosa mi cama.Os Levantarse-Os levantiosa mi cama.Se Rescarse- Se rescan los brazosSe Rescarse- Se rescan los brazos

Dipthongs with accentsDipthongs with accents

Weak vowel- I, y, uWeak vowel- I, y, u

Strong vowel- a,e,oStrong vowel- a,e,o

Used when a strong Used when a strong vowel or 2 weak vowel or 2 weak vowel come together vowel come together to firm one syllable.to firm one syllable.

Esuiar- to ski Esuiar- to ski

Yo- equioYo- equio Nosotros- Nosotros- EsquiamosEsquiamos

Tu-EsquiasTu-Esquias Vosotros- Vosotros- EsquiaisEsquiais

El,Ella, El,Ella, Usted- Usted- EsquiaEsquia

Ellos-Ellos-EsquianEsquian

““Se” impersonalSe” impersonal

What is it used for?What is it used for?– It is used to make general statements.It is used to make general statements.– Se + third person formSe + third person form

Passive Voice

-specifys what happened to the subject

-Without saying who or what did the action.

Reciprocal Action

-point out the action being performed on the subjects.

frequently what they are doing something to or with each other.

Verbs like -ger/-girVerbs like -ger/-gir

-ger/-gir-ger/-gir– Change the “g” to an “j” in verbs that end in Change the “g” to an “j” in verbs that end in

ger/-gir ONLY in the Yo form ger/-gir ONLY in the Yo form

Coger----> CojoCoger----> Cojo

Dirigir ----> DirijoDirigir ----> Dirijo

Exigir----> ExijoExigir----> Exijo

Verbs like -cer/-cirVerbs like -cer/-cir

Verbs that end in a vowel Verbs that end in a vowel – + cer/cir add “z” before the “c” ONLY in the + cer/cir add “z” before the “c” ONLY in the

“Yo” form“Yo” form

Verbs that end in a consanantVerbs that end in a consanant– + cer/cir change the “c” to a “z” ONLY in the + cer/cir change the “c” to a “z” ONLY in the

“yo” form“yo” form

Convencer---> ConvenzoConvencer---> Convenzo

Verbs like –uir/-guirVerbs like –uir/-guir

-Guir verbs change from “gu” to “g” ONLY in the -Guir verbs change from “gu” to “g” ONLY in the “yo” form“yo” form

Verbs that have endings in –uir, add “y” before Verbs that have endings in –uir, add “y” before “a”, “e”, and “o” endings“a”, “e”, and “o” endings

AtribuirAtribuir

Atribuyo AtribuimosAtribuyo Atribuimos

Atribuyes AtribuisAtribuyes Atribuis

Atribuye AtribuyenAtribuye Atribuyen

Hace + Time + Que + Present Hace + Time + Que + Present tense of the Verbtense of the Verb

This is used to tell how long an action was This is used to tell how long an action was happening or the length of time an action happening or the length of time an action took placetook place

EXAMPLE: Hace + dos dias + que + corroEXAMPLE: Hace + dos dias + que + corro

ImperfectImperfect

Imperfect is a form of past tenseImperfect is a form of past tense

Ar Er/IrAr Er/IrAba íaAba íaábamos íamosábamos íamosAbas íasAbas íasAba asAba asAban íaAban ía íanían

PreteritePreterite

The preterite form alows you to refer to The preterite form alows you to refer to specific past actions. specific past actions.

At a fixed point in timeAt a fixed point in time

A specific number of timesA specific number of times

During an elapsed amount of timeDuring an elapsed amount of time

GarGar

GuéGué

GasteGaste

ÓÓ

AmosAmos

AsteisAsteis

AronAron

Preterite- Car/Gar/ZarPreterite- Car/Gar/Zar

Car

Qué

Aste

ó

Amos

Asteis

Aron

Zar

Cé

Aste

Ó

Amos

Asteis

Aron

““Cucaracha” verbsCucaracha” verbs

Andar: anduv-Andar: anduv-Estar: estuv-Estar: estuv-Poder: Pud-Poder: Pud-Poner: Pus- -ePoner: Pus- -eQuerer: Quis- -isteQuerer: Quis- -isteSaber: sup- -oSaber: sup- -oTener: tuv- -imosTener: tuv- -imosVenir: Vin- -isteisVenir: Vin- -isteisConductir: conduj- -ieronConductir: conduj- -ieronProductir: produj-Productir: produj-Traducir: traduj-Traducir: traduj-Decir: dij-Decir: dij-Traer: tra-Traer: tra-

““Spock” verbsSpock” verbs

Ir/ser Dar/Ver HacerIr/ser Dar/Ver Hacer– Fui -d/vi -hiceFui -d/vi -hice– Fuiste -d/viste -hicisteFuiste -d/viste -hiciste– Fue -d/vio -hizoFue -d/vio -hizo– Fuimos -d/vimos -hicimosFuimos -d/vimos -hicimos– Fueron -d/vieron -hicieronFueron -d/vieron -hicieron

Snake and SnakeysSnake and Snakeys

Are in the past tense.Are in the past tense.

They are used when 3 vowels are in a They are used when 3 vowels are in a row. row.

Replace “I” with “Y”Replace “I” with “Y”

Trigger wordsTrigger words

Words that elude to the use of the preterite Words that elude to the use of the preterite tensetense

Ayer, Anocher, la semana pesada, cada Ayer, Anocher, la semana pesada, cada diadia

Ayer, Mi comida una hamburguesa.Ayer, Mi comida una hamburguesa.

ComparativesComparatives

Used to compare something to anotherUsed to compare something to another

Tan + adj/adv + como : Mas/menos Tan + adj/adv + como : Mas/menos +adj/adv/noun + que+adj/adv/noun + que

Tan:so *When using numbers, use de not queTan:so *When using numbers, use de not que

Tanto: so muchTanto: so much

Tantos/as: so manyTantos/as: so many

SuperlativesSuperlatives

El, Las, la, los + Noun + adj + deEl, Las, la, los + Noun + adj + de

EXAMPLE:Tu eres es mas alto en tus claseEXAMPLE:Tu eres es mas alto en tus clase