Smallholder Pig Production Systems in Uganda

Results from VCA descriptive analyses

Emily Ouma

“Workshop: In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013”

Outline Description of livestock production systems in Uganda.

Land tenure systems. Pig keeping objectives. Pig production types. Production system types and breeds. Production scale definitions – small, medium, large.

Livestock production systems in Uganda

Source: Robinson, et al., 2011. Global livestock production systems , FAO

Banana-based

Tubers-based, largely cassava and sweet potatoes + maize and beans

+ coffee, cassava, maize and beans

Small farms - limited land resource typically:◦ Masaka (50ft x 100ft plots); Mukono (0.5 acres); Kamuli (0.5 – 4 acres/hh).

Mixed cropping systems (banana x coffee; maize x beans x cassava), though mono-cropping also practiced – e.g. sweet potatoes.

Livestock types kept: cattle, shoats, pigs, poultry.

Characteristics of the production systems

Customary. Freehold (titled). “Mailo” tenure. “Bibanja” holders. Leasehold. Trust land.

Land tenure systems

Rainfall calendar

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Rainfall pattern, Masaka district

KaboneraKatwe ButegoKimanya KyabakuzaKkingoKyanamukakaNyendo Senyange

Ind

ex o

f ra

infa

ll

Bi-modal rainfall patternLong rains: March-MayShort rains: Sept-Nov

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

5

10

15

20

25

Rainfall pattern, Kamuli and Mukono districts

BugulumbyaNamwendwaKitayunjwaGomaKyampisiNtenjeru

Ind

ex o

f ra

infa

ll

Livestock keepers – excluding pigs

Kkin

go

Kyan

am

ukaka

Kit

ayu

njw

a

Nam

wen

dw

a

Bu

gu

lum

bya

Nte

nje

ru

Kab

on

era

Kyam

pis

i

Kim

an

ya-K

yab

aku

za

Katw

e-B

ute

go

Nyen

do-S

sen

yan

ge

Mu

kon

o T

C

Gom

a

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

20

40

60

80

100Cattle Goats Poultry Rabbit

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f re

sp

on

de

nts

(%

) Cattle keeping common in R-R and R-U:48% of hh compared to only 24% in U-U Goats: 38%-48% compared to 9% in U-U

Poultry: common in all VC

Average rank (1=highest)

Objective Men Women

Income from piglet/pigs sales

1.3 1.2

Income from pig meat sales

2.0 N/A

Source of wealth 2.3 2.3Manure production 2.3 2.3Disposal of waste 3.0 3.0Nutrition/food security 2.5 2.8

Occupation 2.3 2.6

Objectives of pig keepingMain objective: income and soil fertility management.No significant difference between men and women.

Objective Indicators of successIncome from piglet/pigs sales

Ability to pay school fees. Purchase of land and farm expansion. Ability to pay off debts. Able to meet medication costs, buy good clothing for

family. Manure production Improved soil fertility - high crop yield due to manure

application. Harvest bigger bunches of “matooke”. Biogas for household use.

 

Source of asset/wealth

Construction of better family housing (roofing/wall material).

Purchase of plots of land. Purchase other livestock (cattle). General home development. 

Nutrition/food security

Meat for home consumption. Increased quantity of pork consumption. 

Indicators of success in achieving objectives

Pig production types Kki

ngo

Kya

nam

uka

ka

Kitayu

njw

a

Nam

wendw

a

Bugulu

mbya

Nte

nje

ru

Kabonera

Kya

mpis

i

Kim

anya

-Kya

baku

za

Katw

e-B

ute

go

Nye

ndo-S

senya

nge

Muko

no T

C

Gom

a

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

20

40

60

80

100Breeders Growers Breeders/growers

Pro

port

ion

of

resp

on

den

ts (

%)

Pig production types, by value chain type

Breeders

Growers

Both

Rural-rural 26 38 38

Rural-urban 20 28 52

Urban-urban

24 37 39

Production system types

Rural-rural

Rural-urban

Urban-urban

Intensive (confined)

11 14 90

Semi-intensive (mixed confined +free-range)

83 43 0

Extensive(tethered, free-range)

6 43 10

% of respondents, by value chain domain type

Housing types

Raised wooden floorSimple walling and roofing material

Concrete floorSloping floorBrick wallsIron sheet roofing

Pig breed types

Kkingo

Kyanamukaka

Kitayunjwa

Namwendwa

Bugulumbya

Ntenjeru

Kabonera

Kyampisi

Kimanya-Kyabakuza

Katwe-Butego

Nyendo-Ssenyange

Mukono TC

Goma

Ru

ral-

rura

lR

ura

l-u

rba

nU

rba

n-u

rba

n

0% 10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

LocalImproved

Breed type: differences evident by VC domain.Linked to production system type.Various institutions promoting breed change.

Pig breeds keptBreeds Landrace Large-white Cross-breeds (local x improved) Mixed breeds (undefined) Local

Organizations supporting breed change Masaka - NAADS, World Vision,

MADDO. Kamuli - VEDCO, NAADS. Mukono – NAADS, CARITAS.

Scale of production - breeders

Kkin

go

Kya

na

mu

ka

ka

Kit

ayu

njw

a

Na

mw

en

dw

a

Bu

gu

lum

bya

Nte

nje

ru

Ka

bo

ne

ra

Kya

mp

isi

Kim

an

ya

-Kya

ba

ku

za

Ka

twe

-Bu

teg

o

Nye

nd

o-S

sen

ya

ng

e

Mu

ko

no

TC

Go

ma

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder

Mean

no.

of

sow

s (

inclu

din

g r

ep

lacem

en

t fe

male

s)

Smallholder mean no. of sowsRural-Rural: 1.6Rural-Urban: 2.2Urban-Urban:1.5

Proportion of households, by production scale - breeders

Kkin

go

Kya

na

mu

ka

ka

Kit

ayu

njw

a

Na

mw

en

dw

a

Bu

gu

lum

bya

Nte

nje

ru

Ka

bo

ne

ra

Kya

mp

isi

Kim

an

ya

-Kya

ba

ku

za

Ka

twe

-Bu

teg

o

Nye

nd

o-S

sen

ya

ng

e

Mu

ko

no

TC

Go

ma

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder

% o

f h

ou

se

ho

lds

Smallholder

Medium-holder

Large-holder

Rural-rural 58 28 11Rural-urban 58 27 10Urban-urban 65 27 8

Scale of production - growers

Kki

ng

o

Kya

na

mu

kaka

Kit

ayu

njw

a

Na

mw

en

dw

a

Bu

gu

lum

bya

Nte

nje

ru

Ka

bo

ne

ra

Kya

mp

isi

Kim

an

ya-K

yab

aku

za

Ka

twe

-Bu

teg

o

Nye

nd

o-S

sen

yan

ge

Mu

kon

o T

C

Go

ma

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40 Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder

Mean

no.

of

pig

s o

wn

ed

for

sla

ug

hte

rin

g Mean no. of pigs-smallholderRural-Rural: 2.3Rural-Urban: 2.6Urban-Urban: 2.1

Proportion of households, by production scale - growers

Kkin

go

Kya

na

mu

ka

ka

Kit

ayu

njw

a

Na

mw

en

dw

a

Bu

gu

lum

bya

Nte

nje

ru

Ka

bo

ne

ra

Kya

mp

isi

Kim

an

ya

-Kya

ba

ku

za

Ka

twe

-Bu

teg

o

Nye

nd

o-S

sen

ya

ng

e

Mu

ko

no

TC

Go

ma

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder

% o

f h

ou

se

ho

lds

Smallholder

Medium-holder

Large-holder

Rural-rural 53 28 16Rural-urban 63 24 13Urban-urban 65 23 12

Pig production – occurs within the overall mixed crop and livestock systems.

Main objective of pig keeping – income◦ School fees payment◦ Meet other expenditures and investments on farm

Most of the pig keepers are smallholders;◦ Breeders: 60-65%◦ Growers: 50-65%

Smallholder definition◦ Breeders: 1-2 sows (including replacement females)◦ Growers: 2-3 grown pigs

Production system types◦ Varies by value chain domain.

Institutions promoting breed change.

Summary

Thank You