Results f rom VCA descr ipt ive analyses of the Ugandan smal lholder p igs value chain

Peter Lule and Emi ly Ouma

“Workshop: In -depth smal lho lder p ig va lue cha in assessment and pre l im inary ident ifi cat ion o f best -bet

in te rvent ions , Kampala , 9 -11 Apr i l 2013”

VALUE CHAIN MAPPING

Marketing outlets for pigs and piglets, by gender.

Producer pricesGrown pigsPiglets

Output price variation patterns. Channels for inputs and services Value chain map Constraints

OUTLINE

Piglets – local within the neighbor-hood.

Grown pigs - 4 major outlets.neighborhood butcher, butcher in another town, traders Direct sales to consumers.

MARKETING OUTLETS FOR SMALLHOLDER PIG FARMERS

Kkin

go

Kyan

amuk

aka

Kita

yunj

wa

Nam

wen

dwa

Bugu

lum

bya

Nte

njer

u

Kabo

nera

Kyam

pisi

Kim

anya

-Kya

baku

za

Katw

e-Bu

tego

Nye

ndo-

Ssen

yang

e

Muk

ono

TC

Gom

a

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

20

40

60

80

100

Direct to consumers Neighbourhood butcher Butcher in another townTrader

Prop

ortio

n of

pro

duce

rs (%

)MARKETING CHANNELS FOR GROWN PIGS – MEN GROUP

Kkin

go

Kyan

amuk

aka

Kita

yunj

wa

Nam

wen

dwa

Bugu

lum

bya

Nte

njer

u

Kabo

nera

Kyam

pisi

Kim

anya

-Kya

baku

za

Katw

e-Bu

tego

Nye

ndo-

Ssen

yang

e

Muk

ono

TC

Gom

a

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

20

40

60

80

100Direct to consumers Neighbourhood butcher Butcher in another town Trader

Prop

ortio

n of

pro

duce

rs (%

)

MARKETING CHANNELS FOR GROWN PIGS – WOMEN GROUP

Value chain

domain

Average prices, by sales outlet type

Butcher in other town

Direct to consumers

Neighborhood butcher

Traders

Rural-rural

5129 4667 3633 4903

Rural-urban

4283 - 4829 5742

Urban-urban

5200 5750 5144 5996

GROWN PIGS PRICES

Value chain domain

Average price

Rural-rural25528

Rural-urban33250

Urban-urban36667

PIGLET PRICES

High price offers Low price offers

Mukono districtJune – Celebration of martyrs’ day in Namugongo.April and December - Due to festive seasons July – Mortality losses

Mukono districtJan-Feb, May-Aug: - school fees 

Masaka districtJuly and Aug –coffee season

Masaka districtJan and Aug: - school fees  

Kamuli districtJuly-Oct – agricultural produce seasonApril and Dec – Due to festive seasons

Kamuli districtJan-March - school fees

GROWN PIGS PRICE VARIATIONS

Value chain domai

n

Sub-county 

Source of extension services (% of respondents)

NAADS NGO Other farmers AHSPMen

Women

Men

Women Men Women

Men

Women

Rural-rural Kkingo 13 21 0 0 0 0 0 0

Kyanamukaka 50 11 0 0 38 21 0 0

Kitayunjwa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Namwendwa 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0Bugulumbya 14 4 19 12 0 0 0 0

Ntenjeru 10 10 0 0 6 0 0 0

EXTENSION SERVICE PROVISION: R-R

Value chain

domain

Sub-county 

Source of extension services (% of respondents)

NAADS NGOOther

farmers AHSPMen

Women

Men

Women

Men Women

Men

Women

Rural-urban Kabonera 20 5 15 13 0 0 0 0

Kyampisi 12 5 12 38 18 10 15 5Urban-urban

Kimanya-Kyabakuza 25 15 0 0 25 50 0 0Katwe-Butego 33 43 33 57 67 43 0 0Nyendo-Ssenyange 40 25 0 0 0 0 40 21

Mukono TC 7 28 0 11 0 0 0 0

  Goma 33 25 0 0 25 13 50 38

EXTENSION SERVICE PROVISION: R-U AND U-U

Value chain

domain

Sub-county

Source of Credit (% of respondents)

SACCO MFI Banks

village women

groups groups

   Men Women Men

Women

MenWomen

MenWomen

women

Rural-rural

Kkingo 25 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Kyanamukaka

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16

  Kitayunjwa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Namwendwa

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Bugulumbya

21 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

  Ntenjeru 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 0

Rural-urban

Kabonera 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0

Kyampisi 9 7 13 5 12 5 9 12 0

Urban-urban

Kimanya-Kyabakuza

0 0 8 13 25 30 0 0 0

Katwe-Butego

17 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 

Nyendo-Ssenyange

40 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 29

  Mukono TC 0 0 14 44 0 0 0 0 0

  Goma 17 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0

ACCESS TO CREDIT

PROVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH SERVICES

Kkin

go

Kyanam

ukaka

Kit

ayunjw

a

Nam

wendw

a

Bugulu

mbya

Nte

nje

ru

Kabonera

Kyam

pis

i

Kim

anya-

Kyabakuza

Katw

e-B

ute

go

Nyendo-

Sse

nyange

Mukono T

C

Gom

a

Rural-rural Rural-urban

Urban-urban

0

20

40

60

80

100 AHSP- Government_men AHSP- Government_womenAHSP- private_men AHSP- private_women

Pro

port

ion

of

hou

seh

old

s (

%)

Kkin

go

Kyan

amuk

aka

Kita

yunj

wa

Nam

wen

dwa

Bugu

lum

bya

Nte

njer

u

Kabo

nera

Kyam

pisi

Kim

anya

-Kya

baku

za

Katw

e-Bu

tego

Nye

ndo-

Ssen

yang

e

Muk

ono

TC

Gom

a

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0

20

40

60

80

100Feed Millers_men Feed Millers_women Feed shops_men Feed shops_womenBreweries_men Breweries_women

Prop

ortio

n of

resp

onde

nts

(%)

FEEDS SOURCES

Item unit Rural-Rural Rural-Urban Urban-urban

Dewormer Tablet 1000 910

Multi-vitamin Injection 1500 1500 2214

Breeding Service 22143 18571 30833

Maize bran Kg 368 400 383

Mixed feeds Kg 1111 1150 898

AVERAGE INDICATIVE PRICES FOR INPUTS

VALUE CHAIN MAP

SMALLHOLDER PRODUCER

PRIVATE-AHSP

GOVERNMENT-AHSP

ANIMAL BASED DRUG SHOPS

VILLAGE BOAR

BANKS

KNOWLEDGABLE FARMERS

FEED MILLERS

FEED SHOPS  

NEIGHBOURHOOD BUTCHER (pork, live pigs) 

TRADER (live pigs)

 

NAADS MFI

BUTCHER IN OTHER TOWN (pork)

WHOLESALER FEEDS PIGLETS

FROM NEIGHBOURS

ABBATOIR (pork)PROCESSOR

(pork, sausages and bacon) 

SUPERMARKETS/HOTELS

PORK JOINTS (pork)

CONSUMERS

SACCOS NGO

Treatment, diagnosis,

prevention, drugs

Breeding, replacement

pigs

Credit

Mixed feeds, maize bran

Extension services

Bulking

Wholesaling/slaughtering

Retailing

CONSTRAINTS ASSOCIATED WITH INPUTS AND SERVICES

Kkin

go

Kyan

amuk

aka

Kita

yunj

wa

Nam

wen

dwa

Bugu

lum

bya

Nte

njer

u

Kabo

nera

Kyam

pisi

Kim

anya

-Kya

baku

za

Katw

e-Bu

tego

Nye

ndo-

Ssen

yang

e

Muk

ono

TC

Gom

a

Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban

0102030405060708090

100

Expensive Poor quality Price fluctuationNot easily available Lack of information on use Lack of financial resources

% o

f res

pond

ents

SPECIFIC INPUT/SERVICE CONSTRAINTS

Input type Constraint No. of respondents reporting

Respondents reporting/total (%)

Animal health products

Counterfeit products 20 6Knowledge on how to use

72

Unavailability of products

72

Price fluctuations 5 2Credit facilities Lack of information

on credit facilities15 5

 High interest rates on loans

24 8 

Extension Poor access to extension service (few extensionists)

155 

Feeds Expensive 77 25  Poor quality 51 16

CONSTRAINTS ON USE OF BETTER QUALITY INPUTS

Value chain domain

Sub-county Constraints on use of better quality inputs

(% of respondents)

n

    Lack of knowledge

Limited finances

No outlets selling quality inputs

Saving on costs

 

Rural-rural Kkingo 0 5 27 16 27Kyanamukaka 11 8 0 0

27

Kitayunjwa 11 9 0 0 19Namwendwa 0 8 16 0 18Bugulumbya 30 18 34 0 39Ntenjeru 0 13 0 24 37

Rural-urban Kabonera 15 11 0 0 29Kyampisi 7 13 0 29 38

Urban-urban Kimanya-Kyabakuza 15 3 0 32

14

Katwe-Butego 0 6 0 0

13

Nyendo-Ssenyange 11 0 0 0

19

Mukono TC 0 4 11 0 16Goma 0 2 13 0 16

Total   100 100 100 100 312

CONSTRAINTS ON PRODUCT SALES

Credit sales - not hon-

oured

High produc-tion and

marketing costs

Lack of market in-formation

Limited market

Liveweight pig estima-

tion

Low prices No proper linkage be-

tween buyers and sellers

Non-stan-dard pricing

for pigs

Poor quality animals

Price fluctua-tion

Theft0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Constraints

% o

f res

pond

ents

n=16 11

77

123

199

310

341417 17 17

CONSTRAINTS TO OBTAINING BETTER OUTPUT PRICES

Value chain domain

Sub-county Constraints to achieving better output price(% of respondents)

n

    Lack of capacity to estimate pig live weight

Emergency sales

Lack of price and general market information

Limited market

Low bargaining power due to lack of organization

Lack of regulations on pig marketing

Poor quality pigs

Traders operate as cartels and collude in setting prices

 

Rural-rural Kkingo 8 7 33 0 0 0 0 0 27Kyanamukaka 19 0 0 15 9 0 7 12 27Kitayunjwa 20 0 0 9 12 0 10 0 19Namwendwa 8 19 0 15 0 0 8 0 18Bugulumbya 32 0 0 18 13 0 22 0 39Ntenjeru 0 0 23 23 12 0 7 0 37

Rural-urban Kabonera 13 16 10 0 0 0 5 32 29Kyampisi 0 18 11 7 12 0 16 15 38

Urban-urban Kimanya-Kyabakuza 0 13 13 7 9 0 16 9

14

Katwe-Butego 0 0 11 0 0 100 0 0 13Nyendo-Ssenyange 0 11 0 0 13 0 0 0

19

Mukono TC 0 7 0 6 20 0 0 21 16Goma 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 11 16

Total   100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 312

The common output channels are the local butcheries.

Where women are organized in groups they have access to inputs and price-lucrative market opportunities.

Limited access to inputs but women are more constrained.

Piglet prices are higher in the urban-urban value chain.

Maize mills are the most common outlets for purchasing feeds (maize bran).

SUMMARY

Inputs are generally expensive, of poor quality and not easily accessible in R-R domain

Low output prices. Lack of knowledge on live weight estimation. Limited markets Lack of market information Poor quality pigs especially(R-R and R-U)

COMMON CONSTRAINTS