sadagopan · He is "sabdamaya dhAmnA sphuran mUrti" (One who shines with His mantra maya body)....

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Sincere Thanks To:

1. Mannargudi SrI Srinivasan Narayanan for proof-reading

2. Nedumtheru SrI Mukund Srinivasan, SrI Sriraman Santhanagopalan (Cover Image - Thiruvelliangudi GarudazhwAr), SrI Murali BhaTTar, SrI Ramakrishna Deekshitulu archakam (SrIvari Temple, Tirumala), SrI Lakshminarasimhan Sridhar, SrI AMR Kannan and Sou.R.Chitralekha for providing images.

3. Smt. Jayashree Muralidharan for eBook assembly.

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I. Vedopasana - English

Introduction 1

Selected Mantrams 3

Vedam 5

Upanishad 19

II.Vedangal - Tamil

About the Author 37

1. ntjk; - mehjpahdJ 41

2. f;U\;z j;itghaeh; - mr;tj;jhkh 42

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4. ghuhaz Kiw tptuk; 43

5. ml;ltiz I - ntj';fs; 45

6. ml;ltiz II - ntjj;jpd; gphpt[fs} 46

7. ml;ltiz III - ntjj;jpd; rhiffs} 48

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8. ml;ltiz IV - ntjj;jpy; cs;s 48

ke;j;;u/ g;uhA;kz ghfk;

9. ml;ltiz - V - ntjj;jpd; m';f';fs; 49

10. ml;ltiz - VI - ntjj;'jpd; cgm';f';fs;.. 50

11. ml;ltiz - VII - ntjk; gpujprhf;fpak; 51

12. Uf;ntjk; (ml;ltiz - I) 52

13. a#@h; ntjk; - f;U\;z a#@h;tjk; 53

14. a#@h; ntjk; - Rf;y a#@h; ntjk; 55

15. !hk ntjk; (ml;ltiz - I) 57

16. mjh;tz ntjk; (ml;ltiz - I) 60

17. ke;j;uk; (!k;Apij) (ml;ltiz-II) 66

18. ke;j;uk; (g;uhA;kzk;) 66

19. Muz}afk; (ml;ltiz - II) 67

20. cgep\j; 67

21. rhif (Uf; ntjk;) (ml;ltiz - III) 68

22. rhif(f;U\;z a#@h;)(ml;ltiz- III) 68

23. rhif (Rf;y a#@h;) (ml;ltiz - III) 69

24. rhif (rhk ntjk;) (ml;ltiz - III) 69

25. rhif (mjh;tz ntjk; ) (ml;ltiz - III) 69

26. ntjk; - ke;j;u ghfk; 69

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27. ntjk; - g;uhA;kz ghfk; 69

28. !;k;Ujpfs; (ml;ltiz - V) 72

29. ,jpAh!';fs; (ml;ltiz - V) 72

30. g[uhz';fs; (ml;ltiz - V) 73

31. rpiB (ntjh';f';fs;) (ml;ltiz-V) 74

32. t;ahfuzk; (ntjh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-V) 74

33. re;j!; (ntjh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-V) 74

34. epUf;jk; (ntjh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-V) 74

35. #;nahjp\k; (ntjh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-V) 75

36. fy;gk; (ntjh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-V) 75

37. rh';fpak; (ntj-cgh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-VI) 75

38. nahfk; (ntj-cgh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-VI) 75

39. kPkhk;!k; (ntj-cgh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-VI) 75

40. e;ahak; (ntj-cgh';f';fs;)(ml;ltiz-VI) 76

41. itnr\pfk; (ntj-cgh';f';fs;) (ml;ltiz-VI) 76

42. ntjk;-gpujp rhf;fpa';fs; (ml;ltiz-VII) 77

cgep\j;Jf;fs;

43. 1) <rhth!;a cgep\j; 80

44. 2) nfnehgep\j; 81

45. 3) fnlhgep\j; 84

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46. 4) g;ur;ndhgep\j; 87

47. 5) Kz;lnfhgep\j; 91

48. 6) khz;^f;nahgep\j; 94

49. 7) ijj;jphPnahgep\j;/ ijj;jphPa ehuhanzhgep\j; 97

50. 8) Ijnunahgep\j; 104

51. 9) rhe;njhf;nahep\j; 108

52. 1) kJ tpj;ia 111

53. 2) fhaj;hPg;uA;k tpj;ia 111

54. 3) bfsBa #;nahjph; tpj;ia 112

55. 4) rhz;oy;a tpj;ia 112

56. 5) nfh!tp#;"hdk; (tpj;ia) 112

57. 6) g[U\ tpj;ia 112

58. 7) iuf;t tpj;ia 113

59. 8) !k;th;f tpj;ia 114

60. 9) n\hlrfyg;uA;k tpj;ia 114

rhe;njhf;a cgep\j;

61. 10) ,J cgnfh!ytpj;ia 116

62. 11) eLtpy; cgnjrpj;jJ (mf;dp tpj;ia) 116

63. 12) g;uhztpj;ia 116

64. 13) g";rhf;dp tpj;ia 117

65. 14) itr;theu tpj;ia 120

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66. 15) !j;tpj;ia 121

67. 16) g{k tpj;ia 125

68. 17) jAu tpj;ia 126

69. 18) g;u#hgjp tpj;ia 127

70. 19) g[U\hj;k tpj;ia 129

71. 20) ghyhfp tpj;ia 131

72. 21) ikj;nuap tpj;ia 132

73. 22) gh;a';f tpj;ia (bfs\Pjfp cgep\j;) 133

74. 23) g;ujh;jd tpj;ia 135

75. 24) rhz;oy;a tpj;ia(mf;dp uA!;ag;go) 136

76. 25) g[U\ tpj;ia 136

77. 26) e;ah! tpj;ia 136

78. 32 tpj;iafs; 138

79. nkhBk; mila ,uz;L tHpfs; 139

80. 10) g;UAjhuz;af cgep\j; 141

81. 10(1) kJ g;uhk;kzk; 141

82. mr;tyh; kw;w hp\pfs;-ah#;"ty;f;ah; !k;thjk; 143

83. 10(2) #efh; - ah#;"ty;f;ah;-!k;thjk; 147

84. 10(3) tpHpg;g[/ !;tg;dk;/ cwf;fk;/ ,wg;g[ 149

85. 10(4) g;ui#fs;-_d;W tif 150

86. 10(5) fhaj;hP cgh!dk; 151

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87. 10(6) ke;j;k fh;kh 152

88. 11 - r;ntjhr;tjnuhgep\j; 154

89. 12 - mjh;trpu cgep\j; 156

90. 13 - mjh;trpnfhgep\j; 157

91. 14 - bfs\Pjfp cgep\j; 159

92. 15 - ke;j;hpnfhgep\j; 159

93. 16 - !@ghnyhgep\j; 160

94. 17- mf;dp uA!;ak; 163

95. 18- knAhgep\j; 164

96. ntnjhg!dh - Vd;? 166

97. cjtpa Kf;a f;ue;j';fs; 167

98. $ ehuhazcgep\j; - ke;j;uk; 168

99. tp#;"hgek; 200

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VedOpAsanA: Vedams and Upanishads

INTRODUCTION

by

Oppiliappan Koil Sri V. Sadagopan

Sriman Urupattur Soundararajan Swamy is well known for his many Kaimkaryams due to the VisEshAnugraham of his upAsanA Moorthi, Lord HayagrIvan. His recent release of a brilliant and comprehensive monograph on the Vaibhavam of Lord HayagrIvan under the name of Kadambam was released at the time of completion of the building of a new mantapam for the serthi sevai of Lord HayagrIvan and Swamy Desikan during the JanmOtsavam of trayyanta Desikan at Thiruvaheendrapuram.

Urupattur Swamy reminds us all frequently about the importance of eulogizing Lord HayagrIvan, the Sarva VidhyA Adharan along the way shown by Swamy Desikan:

AnNtEôYyNtErnuiviht he;ahlhl<

htaze;av*< hyvdnmIfImih mh>.

anantai: trayyantai: anuvihita hEshA hala halam

hata asEsha avadyam hayavadanam eeDeemahi maha: ||

---Swami Desikan’s HayagrIva Stotram.

Here Swamy Desikan visualizes the Lord with the face of a divine horse as an embodiment of tEjas and generating the hala-hala dhvani echoed in limitless

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veda bhAgams, which destroys all the inauspiciousness of every one. This hala-hala dhvani is equated by Swamy Desikan with the integrated essence of the three vedams.

Lord HayagrIvan incarnates as the self-manifested (svata: siddha) Murthi and His Vaibhavam can not be adequately described by the multiple branches of Veda-VedAntams, which are anAdhi apaurushEyam. Lord HayagrIvan is the root of all Vedams as PraNava Roopi. These Vedams are eternal and are protected by Lord HayagrIvan alone in different kalpams and He is saluted as the safe Jewel box for the vedams (tvayA eva kalpAntara pAlitAnAm vEda girAm manjUshikA). He is "sabdamaya dhAmnA sphuran mUrti" (One who shines with His mantra maya body).

Those mantrams are the eternally existing Veda Mantrams of the Lord of Vaak, which are used by Brahma Devan for the creation of the universe and for other jagat vyAparams.

Let us study 20 illustrative examples of the Mantrams from the four vedAs to comprehend their messages that are not limited by place, time or any other factors. They serve all of as SanAtana dharmam and the protective shield against all amangaLams. These Veda Mantrams shine as a beacon of light on top of the hill to illumine our way towards Him to perform SaraNAgati at His sacred feet.

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"The sustainer, aspirer and inspirer of the cosmos"

Thanks: Sou. R.Chitralekha

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Veda Mantrams

1. Our Lord's SarvAdharatvam and Sarva Rakshakatvam:

s< bahu_ya< xmit s< ptÇE*aRvaÉUmI jnyn! dev @k>

sam bAhubhyAm dhamati sam patatrair dyAvA bhUmi janayan dEva eka:

--- Rg Vedam: X.81.3

Meaning:

"Having eyes all around, mouths all around, arms all around and feet all around, the Lord alone, while creating this heaven and earth forges them into order with His winged arms".

Here The Creator is visualized as the sustainer, aspirer and inspirer of the cosmos through the act of fanning as it were with His two magnificent wings.

2. His unparalled and uncontested Supremacy

pitbRÉUwasmae jnanamekae ivñSy ÉuvnSy raja

patirbabhUthasamO janAnAm ekO viSvasya bhuvansya rAjA

---Rg Vedam VI.36.4

Meaning:

"In His Supremacy over the Universe, He is the One and One alone".

3. There is no one to match Him or surpass Him

n iÖtIyae n t&tIyítuwaeR naPyuCyte,

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n pÂmae n;ó> sÝmae naPyuCyte,

naómae n nvmae dzmae naPyuCyte,

y @t< devmekv&t< ved.

na dvitIyO na trtIyaSchaturthO nApyuchyatE |

na pancamO na shashTha: saptamO nApyuchyatE |

nAshThamO na navamO daSamO nApyuchyatE |

ya etam dEvamEkavrtam vEda || ---atharvam: Xiii.4.16-18

Meaning:

He is omnipotent and does not need assistance from anyone to be the Supreme Being. No one who is second, third, fourth, neither fifth nor sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth or the tenth assist Him in being the Supreme One. "He is the One, circumscribing, the One alone, this one ought to know".

He is the divine support of the created universe and its beings and balances the entire creation and holds them in equilibrium across the six dimensions of space as per the Skambha sUkta mantram of atharva vEdam (X.7.35).

4. He is the Final reality or ucchishTha Brahman

%iCDóe namêp< caeiCDóe laek Aaiht

ucchishThE nAmarUpam chOcchishThE lOka Aahita: --atharvam: XI.7.1

Meaning:

During the time of the final great dissolution (mahA PraLayam), when the

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creation passes into the Moola Prakruti devoid of name and form, the Supreme Self alone unaffected by change, decay or death persists. He is the jyEshTha Brahman (The Supreme Master) and the sole support for all cosmic creation (SarvAdhAran). Rg vedam (X.81.3.33) salutes this jyEshThabrahman: "tasmai jyEshThAya brahamaNe nama:"

"ucchishTha Brahman!"

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5. Tattva trayam: Iswaran, Jeevans and Prakruti

s pyaRgaCDu³mkaymì[mõaivr zuÏmpapivÏm!,

kivmRnI;I pirÉU> SvyMÉUyaRwatWytaewaRNVydxaCDañtI_y

sma_y>,

sa paryAgAcchukramakAyamavraNamsnAvira suddhamapApaviddham |

kavirmanIshI paribhU: svayambhU: yAthAtathyatOrthAn

vyavadAcchASvatIbhya: samAbhya:

---Yajur Veda Mantram : XL.8 (Last Chapter)

Extended Meaning:

Ours is a darsanam of Tattva trayam, the family of three eternal beings: The infinite Supreme Self (sa: svayambhU), the eternal primal matter (Moola Prakruti) and the infinite, infinitesimal cEtanams (souls). "He, the Lord, effulgent, without a body, free from wounds and sinews, ever pure and very much above the sins, has been circumscribing us from all the sides. He is the one with penetrating wisdom (a superb poet), intelligence personified, extending in all parameters, self-existing, and judiciously just as much and as it ought to be. He creates commodities (of knowledge and wealth) for His everlasting people (Jeevans)".

6. Eternal, asancala devotion to the Lord

%p Tva¶e idveidve dae;avStixRya vym!

nmae ÉrNt @mis

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upa tvAgnE divE-divE dOshAvastardhiyA vayam

namO bharanta emasi --- Saama Vedam 14 (PoorvArchika)

Meaning:

"Day and night, we approach You, Oh Lord, with reverential homage, through sublime thoughts and noble deeds".

7. His unshakable divine discipline

smSy mNyve ivzae ivña nmNt k«óy>,

smuÔayev isNxv>

samasya manyavE viSO viSvA namanta krshThaya:

samudrAyEva sindhava: --Saama Vedam: 137 and Rg Vedam: VIII.6.4

Meaning:

"Just as rivers flow towards an ocean, similarly all people, all men of culture, bow down before His strict discipline".

8.Prayer for His Mighty protection

Aa tu n #NÔ v&ÇhÚSmakmxRma gih,

mhaNmhIiÉêitiÉ>

Aa tu na indra vrtrahan asmAkam ardhamA gahi |

mahAn mahI-bhirUtibhi:

---Rg Vedam IV.32.1, Saama Veda PoorvArchika Saaman: 181 and Yajur Vedam:

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XXXIII.65

Meaning:

"Oh Mighty resplendent Lord, dispeller of darkness, May You come to help us with Your mighty protections!"

9. Lord's friendship

kÊ àcetse mhe vcae devay zSyte

tidXySy vxRnm!

kadu pracEtasE mahE vachO dEvAya SasyatE

tadidhyasya vardhanam ---Saama Rk : 224

Meaning:

"How amazing! Even a little praise of Him, He magnifies and accepts with delight, indeed, while we exalt Him, we exalt ourselves".

10. Appeal for MahA VisvAsam and ananya bhakti

ma icdNyiÖ z‡st soayae ma ir;{yt

#NÔimTStaeta v&;[‡sca sute mhué´a c z‡st

maa cid anyad vi Sagumsata sakhAyO maa rishaNyata

indramit stOtA vrshNagum sachA sutE muhur ukThA ca Samsata

--Saama Rk: 242, Rg Vedam: VIII.1.1 and atharvam: XX.85.1

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Meaning:

"Oh Friend! Do not worship anyone but Him, the Divine One. Let no grief perturb You. Praise Him alone, the radiant, the showerer of benefits. During the course of Self-realization, go on repeatedly uttering hymns in His honor!"

SrI Gayatri

11. Gaayantam trAyati iti Gaayatri

gayiNt Tva gayiÇ[ae=cRNTyk›mikR[>

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äüa[aSTva zt³t %Ö‡zimv yeimre

gAyanti tvA gAyatriNOrcantyarkamarkiNa:

brAhmaNAstvA Satakrata udvagumSamiva yemirE - Saaman 1344 and Rk I.10.1

Meaning:

"The embodiment of total selfless actions, the chanters of the Saaman hymns extol You with songs; the reciters of the Rk with prayers, the priests of the Yajus with their prose and thereby, elevate the honour of their family and descendants".

12. The Longing for the Lord

AiÉ Tva zUr naenumaeÊGxa=#v xenv>

$zanmSy jgt> Sv†RzmIzanimNÔ tSwu;>

abhi tvA Soora nonumOdugdhA iva dhenava:

ISAnamasya jagata: svardrSam ISAnam indra tasthusha:

---Yajur Vedam: XXVII.35

Meaning:

"Oh brave resplendent Lord, the Lord of all movable and stationary things, the beholder of the Universe, we call You loudly like an unmilked cow (with udders full).

13. Lord's Krupa

yÇ Kv c te mnae d]< dxs %Ärm!,

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tÇa sd> k«[vse

yatra kva ca te mano daksham dadhasa uttaram|

tatrA sada: kruNavasE ---Rg Vedam: VI.16.17

Meaning:

"Where-so-ever and to whom-so-ever, Your kindness is directed, You make Him eminent, and give him uncommon vigour, and in his heart, You make Your abode".

"The devotee's heart is the Lord's abode!"

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14. Saaram and asAram

ySy te sOye vy‡ sasýam p&tNyt>

tveNdae *uç %Äme

yasya tE sakhyE vayam sAsahyAma prutanyata:

tavEndO dyumna uttamE ---Saaman: 781

Meaning:

"Oh Divine Love! May we overcome them, who assail us; May we enjoy Your friendship, lofty and glorious!"

15. Prayer not to be left out of Lord's grace

Awa te ANtmana< iv*am sumwInam!

ma nae Ait Oy Aa gih

athA tE antamAnAm vidyAma sumatheenAm

mA nO ati khya Aa gahi

---uttarArchika Saman 1089; Rg Rk: I.4.3; atharvam: XX.57.3; 68.3

Meaning:

"You are always present in the thoughts of virtuous and right minded devotees. May we all deserve Your nearness. May we be not left behind, while You reveal Your glory to others".

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16. A ParamaikAnti's Prayer

smTSvi¶mvse vajyNtae hvamhe

vaje;uu icÇraxsm!

samatsvagnimavasE vAjayantO havAmahE

vAjEshu citrarAdhasam ---Rg Rk: VIII.11.9

Meaning:

"When we seek (inner) strength, we invoke adorable Lord, the giver of all sorts of gifts to help us in the battle of life".

17. Bhagavat Saastra ullankanam

n ikrSy shNTy pyeRta kySy ict!

vajae AiSt ïvaYy>

na kirasya sahantya paryEtA kayasya cit

vAjO asti SravAyya: --- Rg Rk: I.27.8

Meaning:

"You are an embodiment of endurance and You never transgress the laws established by Yourself. May You bless the person, who battles against all vices and never transgresses Your regulations and laws (PrAtikUlya Varjanam)".

18. Invitation to the AarAdhanam for the Lord

vymenimda ýae=pIpemeh vi¿[m!

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tSma % A* svne sut< Éra nUn< ÉU;t ïute

vayamEnamidA hyOpeepEmEha vajriNam

tasmA u adya savanE sutam bharA nUnam bhUshata SrutE

---atharvam: XX.97.1, Rg Rk: VIII.66.7, uttarArcika sAman: 1691.

Meaning:

"Today, yesterday and all the days, let the resolute will power express our tributes to His full satisfaction. We offer Him our reverence. Let Him now hasten to be with us and listen to our tributes".

19. Krta Krtyan's eulogy

tuivzu:m tuiv³tae zcIvae ivñya mte Aa àpaw mihTvna tuviSushma tuvikratO SaceevO viSvayA matE

Aa prapAtha mahitvanA

--- Rg Rk: VIII.68.2

Meaning:

"Oh Lord! You are rich in power, rich in actions, rich in knowledge and You have filled up everything with Your comprehensive Majesty".

20. Prayer for a harmonious Life dedicated to Lord

ÉÔ< k[eRiÉ> ïu[uyam deva ÉÔ< pZyema]iÉyRjÇa>

iSwrEr¼Stuòuva‡sStnuiÉ> VyRzemih deviht< ydayu>

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bhadram karNEbhih: SruNuyAma dEvA bhadram

paSyEmaAkshabhir yajatrA:

sthirair angaistushTvAgum sastanubhi:

vyaSEmahi dEvahitam yadAyu:

---sAma uttarArcika: 1874, Rg Rk: I.89.8 and Yajur Vedam: XXV. 21

Meaning:

"Oh Learned People! May we wish our ears listen to what is beneficial/auspicious and good. Oh Persons, worthy of sacred deeds, may we see with our eyes all that is good and beneficial. May we be engaged in Your praises, enjoy with firm limbs and sound bodies, a full term of life dedicated to BhagavAn (and society)".

There are so many more mantrams in Upanishads (Veda Siras) that are ideal for a Saadhakan to relate to and benefit from. The 82nd e-book of Sundarasimham series (http://www.sundarasimham.org) covers some more of them.

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"SarvabhUtAntrAtmA !"- Pomona SrI ranganAthar - Thanks: SrI AMR Kannan

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Upanishad Mantrams

Our VedAnta darSanam emphasizes the study of PrasthAna trayam: The Upanishads, the Brahma sUtra and the Bhagavad Gita. Both Brahma sUtra and Gita are tightly linked to Upanishadic wisdom.

The metaphors and the similes and the parables abound in the Upanishads for opening our eyes to Para Brahman and instruct us on unfailing sAdhanAs to reach Him and enjoy ParipUrNa BrahmAnandam at His Supreme Abode.

As Swamy Desikan points out in His SrI sUkti of sAra sAram, Upanishads instruct us with the meaning of their Mantrams in three ways:

SOdhaka vAkyArtham: Statements of "a determinative nature".

KaaraNa VaakyArtham: Statements revealing the Cause.

UpAsana VaakyArtham: Statements indicating the means to attain the Supreme Goal.

Let us start with IsAvAsyOpanishad for which Swamy Desikan has blessed us with a commentary. It has 18 mantrams and this Upanishad forms the 40th chapter of Sukla Yajur Vedam. The first mantram is unique and has SOdhaka, KaaraNa and UpAsana VakyArthams rolled into it. Let us start with that powerful mantram.

1) Universal Pervasion of the Lord

$za vaSy< #d‡sv¡ yiTkÂ jgTya< jgt!

ten Ty´en ÉuÃIwa ma g&ux> kSyiSvÏnm!

ISA vAsyam idagum sarvam yat kinca jagatyAm jagat

tEna tyaktEna bhunjeethA mA grdha: kasyasviddhanam -IsAvAsyam : 1

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Meaning:

All this whatsoever that undergoes vikAram (change) in this world is pervaded by the Lord. Enjoy with a sense of VairAgyam. Do not covet anyone's wealth.

Comments:

Lord Sriman nArAyaNan is identified here as the SarvabhUtAntrAtmA (idam sarvam). The first line of this mantram is both a SOdhaka and Kaarana vAkyam. As UpadESa vaakyam, the mantram adds: tEna tyaktEna bhunjeethA, mA grdha: kasyasviddhanam (experience/enjoy those allowed by sAstrams for the maintenance of body and Bhagavath/BhAgavatha Kaimkaryams and even that enjoyment should be free of any attachment to that bhOgam). Please develop a Vrtti (way of life, Thozhil), which is adorned by Vairagyam (VairAgya bhUshitAm vrttim anucara ityupadESam). During this process, do not covet other's possessions.

2.Upanishadic Approach: Question & Answers

The Upanishads adopt the format of a dialog between the eager student inquiring about the Truth and the AcAryan blessing the student with the answers. For instance, in KenOpanishad, the student asks and the teacher answers in the 7th and the 8th mantrams of the 4th chapter:

%pin;d< Éae äUhITyu´a t %pin;d!äahI< vav t %pin;dmäUmeit

upanishadam bhO brUheeti uktA ta upanishad

brArheem vAva ta upanishadam abrUmEti ---KenaOpanishad: 4.7

Meaning:

Oh Revered AcArya! Please teach me the secret knowledge (the means of winning the Lord's grace). The AcAryan responds: I have taught you this secret knowledge that Brahman is the cause behind the strength for upAsana to attain

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Him. If you wish to know about the Sadhana to succeed in your efforts to attain Brahman, I will teach You that (Brahma VidhyA) too.

In the next mantram, this upadEsam takes place:

tSyE tpae dm> kmeRit àitòa veda> svaR¼gain sTymaytnm!

tasyai tapO dama: karmEti pratishTaa,

vedA: sarvAngAni satyamAyatanam ---KenOpanishad: 4.8

Meaning:

Oh dear Student! You can be blessed with the boon of this secret knowledge of Brahman through austerities (tapas), victory over senses and the practice of the Vedic rites. VedAs and VedAngAs (accessories of the VedAs) and truth are this VidhyA's abode. BrahmavidhyOtpatti kAraNam and the main means (upAsanA) are being taught here.

3. KatOpanishad: Importance of PraNavam

sveR veda yTpdmamniNt tpa‡is svaRi[ c yÖdiNt,

yidCDNtae äücy¡ criNt tÄe pd‡s<¢he[ ävIMyaeimTyett!.

sarvE vEdA yatpadamAmananti

tapAgumsi sarvANi ca yadvadanti |

yadicchantO brahmacaryam caranti tattE

padagum sangrahENa braveemi Om ityEtat || ---KaThOpanishad: 2.15

Meaning:

I shall briefly instuct you on that abode of which all the vedAs, AraNyakAs and

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Upanishads speak of; Brahmacarya is observed to attain this Prapya (Supreme Brahman). That abode is PraNavam.

The next two mantrams go on to celebrate this PraNavam (aksharam) as the Supreme One to reflect upon to gain whatever one wishes. This PraNava is identified with Brahman and the meditation on it is indicated as Brahma PrApti sAdhanam. PraNavam is declared as the best support and the parama AlamBanam, the knowledge of which lands the sAdhaka in the world of Brahman and is glorified there (brahma lOkE maheeyatE).

@td!Xyeva]r< äü @td!Xyeva]r< prm!,

@td!Xyeva]r< }aTva yae yidCDit tSy tt!.

etaddhyEvAksharam brahma etaddhyEvAksharam param |

etaddhyEvAksharam J~nAtvA yO yadicchati tasya tat ||

---KaThOpanishad KU: 2.16

@tdalMbn< ïeómetedalMbn< prm!,

@tdalMbn< }aaTva äülaeke mhIyte.

etadAlambanam SrEshTham etadAlambanam param |

etadAlambanam j~nAtvA brahmalOkE maheeyatE ||

--- --KaThOpanishad: 2.17

4. PraSnOpanishad: answers to 6 Questions

Six different students with samit (simt!) in their hands as aspirants and

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BrahmacAris ask the six Rishis about subtleties of Brahman and Brahma VidhyA.

The six questions are:

1. From what indeed are all these beings born? (kutO ha vaa imA : prajA: prajAyantE?).

2. What is the relationship between the indriyAs (senses) and the vital airs (PrANaa)?

3. "How does PrANa come to the body? Where does it come from? How does it distribute itself inside the body among the indriyams? How does it leave the body at the time of the departure from the body?

4. The fourth question is about the dream state and what the indriyAs do during the dream state?

5. The fifth question is about the gains of one when one performs the PraNava UpAsana. The teacher answers: The one who meditates on OmkAram of the three matrAs gains BrahmalOkam itself.

6. The sixth question is about the location of the shODaSa Kalaa Purushan (Jeevan) inside the body. The AcAryan answers that the Jeevan resides in the heart lotus of the Body.

5. Mundakopanishad

This Upanishad has 64 mantrams. The essential nature of Brahman, JeevAtman, the BrahmOpAsanam through meditation on PraNavam, the differences between the Jeevan and the ParamAtman and the nature of Mukti are covered in this Upanishad.

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"The Supreme Self reveals His own form to a chosen one!" - SrI MAlOlan Moolavar and Utsavar Serthi ArAdhanam by HH SrImad Azhagiya Singar - Thanks:SrI AMR Kannan

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5.1: To whom does the Lord reveal Himself?

naymaTma àvcnen l_yae n mexya n bhuna ïuten,

ymevE; v&[ute ten l_yStSyE; AaTma ivv&[ute tnU< Svam!.

nAyamAtmA pravacanEna labyO

na mEdhayA na bahunA SrutEna |

yamEvaisha vrNutE tEna labya:

tasyaisha AtmA vivrNutE tanUm svAm || --MuNdakam : 3.2.3

Meaning:

This Atman is not attained through mere manana or rumination; nor through mere meditation; nor through much hearing. He (ParamAtman) is attainable by that individual Self, whom ParamAtman chooses. This Supreme Self reveals His own form to such a one".

6. MaaNdUkyOpanishad

This Upanishad is a short one with just 12 Mantrams. This Upanishad teaches that the four states Jaagrut, svapna, sushupti and tureeya have to be meditated upon in the four parts of OmkAra PraNavam: akAram, ukAram, makAram and ardhamAtra. These four states (wakeful, dream, deep sleep without dreams (without dream experience) by the jeevan and the fourth state linked to Para Vaasudeva VyUham, where consciousness of a unique kind exists, which is quite different from all the other three states of experience of the Jeevan.

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"He that is in a person and He that is in the Sun are one and the same!"

7. TaittirIyOpanisahd

This has three chapters: SeekshA, Brahma and Bhrigu vallis. This is a big Upanishad with important teachings. The svarUpam (essential nature) of ParamAtman as having the attributes of satyatvam, J~nAnatvam, anandatvam and Aanandatvam are established here; Brahma lakshaNam is defined here. It is instructed that the fundamental way to attain Brahman is through the development of knowledge of Brahman as Aanandamayan. This Upanishad explains clearly the differences between Iswaran and the Jeevan on one hand and the differences between cEtanam and acEtanam as well as Iswaran and acEtanam.

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This great Upanishad ends with a thundering mantram, which is the final mantram known as "Aanandamaya vidhyAphala prapanca mantram".

s yíay< pué;e.... suvnRJyaetI> y @v< ved

sa yaScAyam purushE.... suvarna jyOtee: ya yEvam Veda ".

Meaning:

"He that is in this person and He that is in the Sun are one and the same. He knows thus, after departing from this world, attaining the self of the annamaya, attaining the self of prANamaya, attaining the self of manOmaya, attaining the self of vij~nAnamaya and attaining the self of Aanandamaya, will be singing this sAma chant, moving about over these worlds, having food at will and assuming any form at his will. Haa vu! Haa vu! I am the food! I am the food! I am the eater of food! I am the eater of food! I am the eminent ordainer! I am the eminent ordainer! I am the fructifier of Karma, at the beginning of creation. I am the navel of immortality, that is existing even prior to the gods. He alone who (teaches) gives me (to a deserving disciple), becomes an attainer of mine. I pervade food and the eater of food. I overcome the entire universe. He who knows like this will be endowed with resplendent body. This is the Upanishad" --- Translation by Dr. N.S.AnanatharangAchArya Swamy

8. MahA NarayaNOpanishad

This Upanishad belongs to KrishNa Yajur Veda. It has many famous passages on UpAsana of nyAsam. This Upanishad establishes without doubt the uniqueness of Sriman nArayaNan as the Supreme Reality and the Supreme Goal.

8.1 : Supermacy of Sriman Narayanan

AMÉSypare ÉuvnSy mXye nakSy p&óe mhtae mhIyan!,

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zu³e[ JyaetI‡i; smnuàivò> àjapitírit gÉeR ANt>.

ambhasya pArE bhuvanasya madhyE

nAkasya prushThE mahatO maheeyAn |

SukrENa jyOtheegumshi samanupravishTa:

prajApatiScarati garbhE anta: || --- MahA nArAyaNOpanishad -1

Meaning:

"The one who is greater than the great, resides in the vast ocean, in the atmospheric region, and on the surface of the celestial abode; and having entered into the luminary bodies with his own light, this Lord of people is moving within the hearts of all people".

8.2 VishNu Gaayatri

naray[ay ivÒmhe vasudevay xImih tÚae iv:[u> àcaedyat!

nAarAyaNAya vidmahE vAsudEvAya dheemahi

tannO vishNu: pracOdayAt --- MahA nArAyaNOpanishad: 28

Meaning:

"We meditate upon nAarAyaNa. For that we devote ourselves to VaasudEva. May that Lord VishNu invigorate us".

8.3: Matchless Parabrahman

ySmaTpr< naprmiSt ikiÂt! ySmaÚa[Iyae n Jyayae=iSt kiít!,

v&] #v StBxae idiv itóTyekStened< pU[¡ pué;e[ svRm!.

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"Matchless Parabrahman!" - Thanks: www.cksoma.in

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yasmAt param nAparamasti kincit

yasmAnnANeeyO na jyAyOasti kaScit |

vrksha iva stabdhO divi tishThayEkastEnEdam

pUrNam purushENa sarvam || --- MahA nArAyaNOpanishad: 85

Meaning:

"All is fully pervaded by that Purusha for whom there is no second entity more celebrated than Him, and compared with whom there is no subtler or greater entity, and who stands in heaven still like a tree".

8.4: nArAyaNa is the UpAsanA Moorti

naray[ pr< äütÅv< naray[> pr>,

naray[ prae JyaeitraTma naray[> pr>.

nArAyaNa param brahma tattvam nAarAyaNa: para:

nAarAyaNa parO jyOtirAtmA nArAyaNa: para:

--- MahA NarAyaNOpanishad : 93

Meaning:

nArAyaNa is the Supreme Brahman.

nArAyaNa is the Supreme Reality

nArAyaNa is the Supreme Light.

nArAyaNa is the Supreme Self.

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9.0 : SvetasvatarOpanishad

This Upanishad associated with KrishNa YajurvEda has 113 MantrAs. This Upanishad elaborates on the three tattvams: BhOktA, BhOgya and PrEritA (Jeevan, acEtanam and Iswaran). This Upanishad states authoritatively that the Lord is the indweller of all, and an awareness of this antaryAmi Brahman is vital for the release from SamsAric terror. AcArya RaamAnuja quotes profusely from this Upanishad in His SrI BhAshyam.

9.1 Matchless Lord

n tSy kiíTpitriSt lake n ceizta nEv c tSy il¼m!,

s kar[< kr[aixpaixpae n caSy kií¾inta n caixp>.

na tasya kaSchit-patirasti lOkE

na ceSitA naiva ca tasya lingam |

sa kAraNam karaNAdhipAdhipa:

na cAsya kaScijjanitA na cAdhipa: -- SvetasvatarOpanishad: 6.9

Meaning:

"There is no one, who is a Master to Him in this Universe. Nor is there any ruler over Him. There is no inferential mark of Him. He is the cause. He is the Lord of the Lord of the sense organs. There is of Him neither a creator nor a Lord".

10. BrhadAraNyaka Upanishad

This big Upanishad belongs to Sukla Yajur vedam and has six chapters. Fifty seven BrahmaNAs are housed in these six chapters. Brahma sUtrAs have taken many mantrAs from this big Upanishad for their references. The main doctrine

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propounded by this Upanishad is the antaryAmi Brahma tattvam. MaitrEyi BrahmaNam teaches the means for liberation through meditation on Brahman. In the Madhu BrahmaNam, a resounding salutation is made about the tEjOmaya, amrutamaya Atma (ParamAtma) as: "sarvEshAm bhUtAnAm adhipati: sarvEshAm bhUtAnAm rAjA". The Sareera-Sareeri relationship, the central plank of VisishtAdvaitam is linked to the many mantrams from this Upanishad.

11. ChAndOgya Upanishad

This Upanishad belongs to Saama Vedham. This is another big Upanishad. The focus of the Upanishad is the UpAsanAs of different kind. BrahmasUtrAs have deep links to this Upanishad.

12. Saadhana and Oupanishadic Wisdom

The Upanishads as the Siras of the eternal Vedams have been the staff of AcArya RaamAnuja in establishing that "Brahman transcending and comprehending the finite real is the reality". AcArya RaamAnuja and Swamy Desikan following YatirAjar's divine footsteps have established for all times to come that "Prapatti is the meeting point of human effort and divine grace and it is the point at which human effort exhausts and completes itself, as it were, in transferring its burdens and responsibilities to divine grace". Using the Veda, VedAnta PramANams, AcArya RaamAnuja established that Bhakti and Prapatti Yogams as the two upAyams for MOksham. In His GitA BhAshyam and SrI BhAshyam, AcArya RaamAnuja expounded the doctrine of Bhakti in above SrI sUktis and in His magnificent Gadya trayam affirmed the efficacy of Prapatti for the attainment of Moksha sukham. The firm conviction of this great AcAryan is that the Prapatti at the sacred feet of Sriman nArayaNan is also the direct means for attaining the twin bliss of nitya and niravadya Kaimkaryam to the divine dampatis at Sri VaikuNTham and enjoying ParipUrNa BrahmAnandam there.

Dr. N.S.Anantha Rangacharya Swamy points out that "the credit of explaining,

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elaborating, reaffirming, consolidating and establishing Prapatti on solid grounds goes to Sri VedAnta Desikan, one of the greatest successors of Raamanuja, in the School of VisishtAdvaita. Desika has expounded the inner meaning and significance of the doctrine of Prapatti in all its aspects, on the authority of the sacred scriptures, PurANAs, IthihAsAs, AgamAs, the divya Prabandhams and the expositions of ancient AcAryAs in his magnum opus, The Rahasya traya Saara, which is the finest fruit of his Mature mind.... Many important topics of (Saanga) Prapatti such as the scope and nature of Prapatti, the (ten) differences between Prapatti and Bhakti, fitness for Prapatti, the accessories (angAs) for Prapatti, the mode of performing Prapatti, the conduct of a Prapanna have been dealt with in Srimad Rahasya traya Saara in a masterly way. Had it not been for the timely exposition, clarification and systemization by Desika of the very many points referred to above, doctrine of Prapatti would have ever remained hazy and indefinite.

Swamy Desikan established very clearly that Sriman nArayaNan waits for the cEtanam to observe Bhakti or Prapatti yOgam as a vyAjam for His intervention to free the Jeevan from SamsAric bonds. The SaastrAs attest that God's krupa needs a vyAjam to become operational and that Bhakti and Prapatti are those VyAjams. The Supreme Lord is indeed the grantor of all kinds of soubhAgyams and Saanga Prapatti at His Lotus feet of the Parama KaruNaa Murty grants the highest of PurushArtham, Moksha Phalan. VedAnta sUtram supports this (phalamata upapattE: -- SrI BhAshyam: 3.2.37).

The Jeevan assisted by a SadAcAryan performs SvarUpa, Bhara and Phala SamarpaNams and lays the burden of his protection at the sacred feet of the most merciful Lord as outlined in nyAsa dasakam and many other SaraNAgati Saastram related SrI sUktis covered in the Sundara Simham and Ahobilavalli series:

Sundara Simham series: http://www.sundarasimham.org

1. SaraNAgati deepika by Swamy Desikan: E-Book # 57

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2. SaraNAgati doctrine and PramANams: Tamizh Text, E-Book # 71

3. Swamy Desika Sahasrams relating to Rahasya traya sAram- Srimad Thirukkudanthi DEsikan: E-Book # 91

Ahobilavalli Series: http://www.Ahobilavalli.org

1. nyAsa dasakam, nyAsa vimSti and nyAsa tilakam: E-Books 12-14.

2. nikshEpa RakshA: Swamy Desikan - E-Book# 76.

May all of us be blessed to perform Prapatti and lead a life guided by SaastrAs during our Post-Prapatti period, while we wait to join the divya dampatis and AcAryas at Paramapadam at the end of our earthly lives:

muk…Nde ini]Py SvÉrmngae mu´vdsaE.....Anusrit saôIy sr[Im!

mukundE nikshipya svabharamanagO

muktavadasau--anusarati sAstreeya-saraNeem

---Srimad Rahasya traya sAram

Sriman Soundararajan Swamy's e-book will help gain a good grip on the Vedams and their categories as well as VedAngams. This Tamil e-book needs to be translated into English for reaching out to many more, who can not read Tamil. Volunteers are welcome to help in this area.

namO SrI veda purushAya nama:

dAsan,

Oppiliappan Koil VaradAchAri Sadagopan

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SrI HayagrIvan - ThiruvahIndrapuram

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ƒ

UrupaTTUr U.Ve SrI SoundararAjan Desikan swami is a retired Tamilnadu State Government Civil Service Officer. He has served in various capacities such as:

1. Managing Director, Co-op Spinning Mills, Dharapuram (mill earned a profit of Rs. one crore) for 3 years,

2. Dist. Revenue Officer & Addl. Dist Magistrate, Ramanathapuram (acted as Collector of the district for several long periods)

3. Dy. Commissioner of Civil Supplies & Consumer protection, Chennai,

4. Joint Director of Stationary & Printing Chennai,

5. Tribunal for State Govt Officers, Chennai.

Belonging to an illustrious and devout family of vedadyAyins of Thiruvaheendrapuram and SrIrangam, SrI Soundararajan Desikan Swamy was blessed with SamaasrayaNam by the 43rd PaTTam HH SrImad Azhagiya Singar (Devanarvilagam Azhagiasingar). He received the gift of BaranyAsam from Prakrutam (45th PaTTam) HH SrImad Azhagiya Singar.

He had the baghyam of conversing, discussing and receiving anugraham from the following Maha Purushas:

1. Karunilam Sri U.Ve Narasimhachariar Swamy

2. Thooppul Sri U.Ve. Lakshminarasimhan

3. Mukkur Sri U.Ve. Lakshminarasimhachariar Swamy

4. Thirupputkuzhi Sri U.Ve. Narasimha Thathachariar Swamy

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5. Sri U.Ve. Seva Srinivasa Raghavachariar Swamy

6. Prakrutham Srimath Paravakkottai Andavan showers His vathsalyam on him

He has written various books in Tamil, as follows;--

1. Sri Vaishnava Sampradayam—Sila Mukya Vizhayangal

2. Yen—Yenna—Yetharkku (108 questions & answers), dharma sasthram etc

3. Chinna, Chinna Vizhayangal Parts 1 to 3(like how to dry cloths etc)

4. Hey,Manase (Easy meaning to Amritharanjini-Sillarai Rahasyam of Swami Desikan)

5. Sri Vathsa Gothram (history of 5 rishis)

6. Kadhamba Mala – 32 Sri Hayagreevar colour photos 32 Sri Hayagreevar Stotras with Avathara details of Sri Hayagreevan

He was conferred with the following titles:

1. Acharya Bakthi Sardula –from Raja’s College, Thiruvaiyaru

2. Desika Seva Rathnam—from the Chief Patron of Sri Hayagreeva Vidya Peetam (Prakrutham Srimath Paravakkottai Andavan)

He has constructed a Mandap at Oushatadri to Sri Hayagreevar at Thiruvaheendrapuram near Cuddalore at a cost of about Rs 17-00 lakhs to protect the devotees from hot sun and rains. Large numbers of people assemble at the Hills especially during Thursdays to Sundays every week Lord Sri Devanathan climbs the sacred Hills twice a year, where uthsavas are performed to this Lord. Acharyan Swami Desikan climbs the Hills twice a year and Purattasi Sravanam festival is most important. For these Uthsavams, the Mahamandap is used by Devsthanam.

He is celebrating SriJayanthi Uthsavam to Sri Rajagopalan at Thiruvahhendra-

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Puram every year.

He is presenting Sambhavana to Veda Pundits for three days during Pavithrothsava at Thiruvaheendrapuram Sri Devanathaswamy Temple.

He is distributing vasthras to sishyas and acharyas at Asramam, Thiruvaheendrapuram and other places.

He is presenting "Thirumangalyam" to very poor Vaishnavite bride during her marriage.

The above kainkaryams are few among other kainkaryams, done through "Sri Kainkarya" a Charitable Trust and also individually.

He has now taken up the repair work at Sri Hayagreevan Sannidhi (within the temple of Sri Ranganathar)

**************

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SrI Devantha Perumal and ThAyAr - Thiruvahindrapuram

$:

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ntjk; - mehjpahdJ mjhtJ Muk;gKk; ,y;iy/ Kot[k; ,y;iy. ,ij

xUtUk; ,aw;wtpy;iy. kAhp\pfshy; j;ahdj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lit ntjk;. ,e;j kfhp\pfs; "ke;j;uj;u\;lh" vdg;gl;ldh;. ntjk; "mbgsUn\ak;" vdg;gLk;. mjhtJ xUtuhYk; ,aw;wg;glhjJ. cyfpy; ntW ve;j E]nyhL Tlt[k; xg;gpl ,ayhjJ. Vbddpy; ntjk; Muk;gKk;/ Kot[k; ,y;yhjJ. ,J vg;nghJ njhd;wpaJ vd;gij tiuaWj;J brhy;yt[k; ,ayhJ. gfthdpd; _r;Rf;fhw;W vd;W brhy;yg;gLtjhy;/ gfthidg; nghynt ntjKk; xUtuhYk; njhw;Wtpf;fg;glhjJ. ntjk; kpf ftdkhf gy yl;rf;fzf;fhd Mz;Lfshf Kd;ndhu;fshy; vGj;Jg; gprfhky;/ !;tuk; gprfhky; kddk; gz;zp/ tHptHpahf/ ,g;nghJs;s jiyKiw tiu bfhz;L te;jpUg;gJ ntW v';Fk; fhzhj/ nfl;fg;glhj tpe;ij. cyfj;jpy; kpfkpfg; gHikahdit "ntj';fs;".

ntjj;jpy; jh;kj;ijr; brhy;Yk; ghfk; "!k;Apij". jj;tj;ijr; brhy;Yk; ghfk; "cgep\j;" my;yJ "ntjhe;jk;". ntjj;ij "!;Ujp" vd;Wk; brhy;th;.

Mrhh;ad;; cgnjrpf;f rp\;ad; nfl;f/ gpwF/ me;j rp\;ad;; jd; rp\;aDf;F my;yJ rp\;ah;fSf;Fr; brhy;y ,g;go ntjk;/ tHp tHpahfr; brhy;yg;gl;lJ. jkpHpy; ,ij "vGjhf; fpstp" vd;W brhy;th;.

www.srihayagrivan.org 41 www.sadagopan.org

"vGjhf; fpstp"

f;U\;z j;itghaeh; - mr;tj;jhkh

xt;bthU j;thgua[fj;jpYk; tp\;Qtpd; mk;rkhf xU hp\p "t;ah!h;" vd;fpw bgaUld; njhd;wp ntjj;ij xG';FgLj;Jfpwhh;. ,J 28tJ rJh;;a[fk;. ,e;j a[fj;jpy;. "f;U\;z j;;itghadh;" vd;fpw hp\p t;ah!uhf mtjhpj;J ntj';fis xG';FgLj;jpdhh;.

mLj;J tUk; j;thgua[fj;jpy; j;nuhzhpd; g[j;uh; "mr;tj;jhkh" (,th; rpu";rPtpfspy; xUth;) t;ah!uhfj; njhd;wp/ ntj';fis xG';FgLj;Jthh; vd;W rh!;j;uf;"h;fs; Twpa[s;sdh;. ntjk; vd;gJ !;;th;f;fk;/ gR/ g[j;ud; Kjypa ,\;lj;ij miltjw;Fk;/ eufk; Kjypa mep\;lj;ij milahky; ,Ug;gjw;Fk; cghaj;ij/ nyhf hPjpapy; ,y;yhjjhd xU tp\aj;ijr; brhy;fpwJ;.

ahfk;/ nAhkk;/ jhdk;/ j;ahdk; - ,it jh;k';fs;. ,itfSf;F g;ukhzkhf ,Ug;gJ---_ykhf ,Ug;gJ "ntjk;". ,ij "ntnjhkP fpy jh;k _yk;" vd;W brhy;th;.

,g;go ntjj;jpd; mUik/ bgUikfisr; brhy;ypf; bfhz;nl nghfyhk;. ,J ghuj ehl;od; bghf;fp\k;/


fypa[fj;jpy;/ kdpjh;fs; ke;j g[j;jp cilath;fshf ,Ug;gh; vd;W t;ah!h; (f;;;U\;zj;itghadh;) ntjj;ij ehd;fhf gphpj;jhh; vd;W bghpnahh;fs; brhy;thh;fs;. ,g;go gphpf;fg;gl;l ehd;F ntj';fspd; tptuk; gw;gy ml;ltizfshft[k;/ ml;ltizfspy; cs;stw;wpw;F tp\a';fs; RUf;fkhft[k; bfhLf;fg;gl;oUf;fpd;wd. VG ml;ltizfs; ml;ltiz - I . 4 ntj';fs; (ke;j;u';fspd; vz;zpf;if mit brhy;Yk; bghJ tp\a';;fs;) ml;ltiz - II ntjj;jpd; gphpt[fs; (mit brhy;tJ vit) ml;ltiz - III ntj';fspd; rhif tptuk; ml;ltiz - IV ntjj;jpy; cs;s ke;j;;;ughfk;/ g;uhA;kzghfk; ml;ltiz - V ntjj;jpd; m';;f';fspd; tptuk; (!;k;Ujp/ ,jpAh!k;/ g[uhzk; Kjypad) ml;ltiz - VI ntjj;jpd; cg m';f';fs; (rh';f;ak; nahfk; Kjypad) ml;ltiz - VII ntjk; - gpujprhf;fpak;

ntj';fis mj;aadk; bra;a "!;tuk;" Kf;fpak;. ,ij Ie;J tpjkhf mj;aadk;/ghuhazk; bra;thh;fs;.

ghuhaz Kiw tptuk;

(1) ntj ke;j;u';fis re;;jp nrh;j;J ghuhazk; bra;jy; - ,J "_y!k;;;Apij" vdg;gLk;.

(2) ntj ke;j;u';fisg; gjk; gjkhf gphpj;J mj;aadk;

bra;jy; - ,J "gj!k;Apij" vdg;gLk;

(3) xU gjj;ij Kd;Dk;/ gpd;Dk; brhy;Yjy; (c.k;: mf;dpk; <ns/ <ns g;nuhApjk;/ g;nuhApjk;


a#;"!;a/ a#;"!;a njtk;/ njtk;; hpj;tp#k; --- ,g;go ) ,J "f;uk!k;;Apij" vdg;gLk;.

(4) gj';fisr; nrh;j;J nrh;j;J kWgoa[k; gphpj;Jr;

brhy;Yjy; (c.k;: .mf;dpk; <ns/ <ns mf;dpk;/ mf;dpk; <ns/ <ns g;nuhApjk;/ g;nuhApjk; <ns/ <ns g;nuhApjk;/ g;nuhApjk; a";"a!;a/ a";"a!;a g;nuhApjk; ,g;go) - ,J "#l!k;Apij" vdg;gLk;.

(5) fodkhf mj;aadk; bra;jy; (c.k;: mf;dpk; <ns/

<ns mf;dpk;/ mf;dpk; <ns g;nuhApjk;/ g;nuhApjk; mf;dpk; <ns/ mf;dpk; <ns g;nuhApjk;/ <ns g;nuhApjk;/ <ns/ <ns g;nuhApjk;/ a";"!;a g;nuhApjk; -,g;go) ,J "fdk;" vdg;gLk;

Fwpg;g[ - kAj;Jf;F fhuzkhd g;uf;Ujpapy; mt;af;jk;/ mBuk;/ jk!; vd;W _d;W gphpt[fs; cs;sd. ,Ugj;J ehd;F jj;Jt';fs; vd;W brhy;yg;gl;lhYk;. !j;tpj;iaapy; fz;zhy; fhzf;Toa g{j';fisr; brhy;Yk; g;ufhuj;jhy; nj#!;!py; bjhl';fg;gl;lJ. ijj;jphPaj;jpy; gh";rbgsjPf njAj;ijr;brhy;Yk; g;ufhuj;jhy; Mfhrj;jpny bjhl';fg;gl;lJ. kpft[k; tphpthf !@ghnyhgep\j;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. kPjp cgep\j;Jf;fs; RUf;fkhfr; brhy;fpd;wd.


ml;ltiz - I

ntj';fs;

hpf; a#@h; !hkk; mjh;tzk; (1) (2) (3) (4)

2(a) 2(b) f;U\;z a#@h; Rf;y a#@h; (ijj;jphPak;) (th#!neak;) "tpj;" vd;why; mwpjy;/bjhpe;J bfhs;Sjy;. f;"hdj;ij mwpjy; vd;Wk; bghUs;. ntjj;jpw;F "!;Ujp" vd;Wk; bgah; cz;L.

1. ,it bra;a[s; eilapy; bgUk;ghYk; cs;sd. rpy ciueilapYk; cs;sd

2. cr;r!;jhap/ fPH;!;jhap vd;w !;tu tpj;ah!';fs; cz;L.

,tw;iw Mrhh;ad; _ykhf mj;aadk; bra;a ntz;Lk;. (brhy;ypf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;).

3. rpy rka';fspy; ntj ghuhazk; bra;jy; TlhJ

vd;Wk; rh!;j;uk; tpjpf;fpwJ (mej;aad fhyk;).


ml;ltiz - II

xt;;bthU ntjj;jpYk; gphpt[fs; - 4

ke;j;uk; g;uhA;kzk; Muz;;afk; cgep\j; (!k;Apij) (2) (3) (4) (1)

fh;kfhz;lk; vd;Wk; ,J #;"hd brhy;th; fhz;lk; vdg;gLk;

cgep\j;

bkhj;jk; 108 vd;gh;. fpilg;gJ 12. Kf;fpakhdJ 10

Ijnuak; 1. <r 1.rhe;njhf;a 1.Kz;lf bfs\Pjfp(2) 2. g;UA- 2. nfe 2.g;ur;nehg (hpf;ntjk;) jhuz;af (!hk ntjk;) 3.khz;^f;a 3.ijj;jphPa (mjh;tz 4.fnlh ntjk;) 5. r;ntjhr;tju (a#@h; ntjk;)


,tw;wpy; Kf;fpakhdit

1. <nrhgep\j; 6. khz;^f;a cgep\j; (<rht!;a cgep\j;)

2. nfnehgep\j 7. ijj;jphPa cgep\j; 3. fnlhgep\j 8. Ijnua cgep\j; 4. g;ur;ndhgep\j; 9. rhe;njhf;a cgep\j; 5. Kz;lf cgep\j; 10. g;UAjhuz;af cgep\j; ;

,tw;wpd; RUf;fk; "g;UA;k !@j;uk; " . t;ah!h; ,aw;wpaJ. 545 !@j;u';fs; Fwpg;g[-1: "rhe;njhf;a cgep\j;" vd;fpw jiyg;gpy; ,e;j cgep\j;ijg; gw;wpr; brhy;yptpl;L/ mjd; gpwF 32 (26) tpj;iafSk; RUf;fkhfr; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd. Fwpg;g[-2: nkw;brhd;d/ gj;J cgep\j;Jf;fSld;Tl/ (11) r;ntjhr;tju cgep\j; (12) mjh;trpu cgep\j; (13) mjh;trpnfh cgep\j; (14) bfs\Pjfp cgep\j; (15) ke;j;hpnfhgep\j; (16) !@ghnyhgep\j; (17) mf;ep uA!;ak; (18) knAhgep\j; - ,itfSk;/ RUf;fkhfr; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd. Fwpg;g[- cgh!e fhyj;jpy; cgh!pf;f ntz;oa Fz';fs;:

ghh;f;f: 6 - khz;^f;nahgep\j;J - MW fz;l';fs;.

rhz;oy;a tpj;iaapy; knehkaj;thjpfs; jAu tpj;iaapy; mgAjghg;kj;thjpfs;. !j;tpj;iaapy; !@B;kj;thjpfs;. guth!@njt %gj;ij cgh!pf;Fk; ntW MW Fz';fisa[k; cgh!pf;fntz;Lk; (_d;W t;a{A';fSf;Fk; ,uz;ouz;L Fz';fshf cgh!pf;fntz;Lk;). guth!@njtDila fhh;ak; KKB@f;fSf;F nkhBkspg;gJ.


ml;ltiz - III

ntjk;

rhiffs;

(ntjj;jpw;F cs;s fpisfs;)

Uf;ntj f;U\;z Rf;y !hkntj mjh;tz

rhif a#@h; a#@h; rhif ntj ntj ntj rhif rhif rhif

ml;ltiz - IV

ntjk;

ke;j;u ghfk; g;uhk;;kz ghfk; (kdg;ghlk; bra;a (ke;j;u';fspd tptuk;; ntz;oa ghfk;) ahf';fspd; bgUik)

Uf; a#@h; !hk mjh;tz ntjk; ntjk; ntjk; ntjk;

1. Uf; ntjj;jpy; Ijnua g;uhk;kzk;/ bfs\Pjf g;uhk;kzk; ,uz;L cs;sd.


2. a#&u; ntjj;jpy; ,uz;L gpupt[: f;U\;z a#&u; ntjj;jpy; xU g;uhk;kzk;/ xU Muz;afk;/ xU cgep\j; cs;sJ. Rf;y a#&u;ntjj;jpy; xU g;uhk;kzk; cs;sJ. !hk ntjj;jpy; VG g;uhk;kzk; cs;sJ

4. mju;tz ntjj;jpy; xU g;uhk;kzk; cs;sJ

ml;ltiz - V

(a) ntjh';f';fs;

(1) !;k;Ujpfs; (2) ,jpAh!';fs; 3)g[uhz';fs;

(b) ntjh';f';fs; - MW vd;Wk; brhy;th;

rpiB tpahfuzk; re;j!; epUf;jk; #;nahjp\k; fy;gk; (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)


ml;ltiz - VI

ntjk;

cg m';f';fs; (cgh';f';fs;)

(ntjj;jpw;F cg m';fkhf MW hp\pfs; mUspa E]y;fs;

rh';fpak; nahfk; kPkhk;!k; e;ahak; itnr\pfk; (1) (2) (5) (6)

g{h;t cj;ju kPkhk;!k; kPkhk;!k; (3) (4) Fwpg;g[ - gu%gj;jpy; <Lgl;lit cgep\j;Jf;fs;. tpgtj;jpy; <Lgl;lit g[uhz';fs;. t;a{Aj;jpYk;/ mh;r;irapYk; - gh";ruhj;u Mfk';fs; mh;r;rhtjhuj;jpy; <Lgl;lit. jpt;a g;uge;j';fs; me;jh;ahkpapy; <Lgl;lit - tpj;iafs;.


ml;ltiz - VII

ntjk;

,ij ed;F mwpa ntjt;ahfuzk; gapyy; ,jw;F "gpujprhf;fpak;" vd;Wk; bgah; ,yf;fzk; ,Ug;gjhy; t;ahfuzk;

gpujp rhf;fpa';fs;

Uf;ntj Rf;y a#@h; !hk ntjj;jpw;F mjh;tz rhf;ak; ntjj;jpw;F g[\;gR{j;uk; ntjj;jpw;F ghh;\j g;ujprhf;ak; g;ujprhf;ak; Rtoahfnt R{j;uk; cs;sJ ,Ug;gjhf vdg;gLk; brhy;yg; gLfpwJ


ml;ltiz- 1y; brhy;yg;gl;l Uf;ntjk;

Uf; vd;why;/ vjdhy; njth;fs;; Jjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;fnsh my;yJ bjspthf mwpag;gLfpwhh;fnsh mjw;F "Uf;" ; vd;W bgah;. "Uf;" ve;j ,lj;jpy; gjkhf gphpj;J t;at!;ij bra;ag;gl;Ls;snjh me;j ke;j;u';fs; "Uf;". ,g;go 10647 Uf;Ffs;; (10552 vd;Wk; brhy;fpwhh;fs;).. ,jw;F 2024 th;f;f';fs;/ th;f;f';fSf;F 1017 !@f;j';fs; (xt;bthU !@f;jj;jpw;F xt;bthU hp\p)/ !@f;j';fSf;F 85 mDthf';;fs.; mDthf';fSf;F 64 mj;aha';fs;. mj;aha';fSf;F 10 kz;ly';fs;. kz;ly';fSf;F 8 m\;lf';fs; cs;sd. Uf;ntjk;/ mf;dpiaa[k;/ ,e;jpuida[k; mjpfkhfg; ngRfpwJ. bkhj;jk; 3 mf;dpfs;.

1. g[tp mf;dp - ehk; _l;LtJ ( cly; - Rlh;) 2. gu mf;dp - capiu ,Hg;gJ (#hluhf;dp vd;Wk;/

itr;theud; vd;Wk; brhy;yyhk; --- cly; - f;uz';fs;). 3. eL mf;dp - kiHia miltpg;gJ (#hj ntj!d;

!@h;ad; - cly; kpd;dy;) 4. g;ug";rk;/vy;yhcyf';fs;/Nu;ad;/re;j;ud;/eBj;u';fs;/

mf;dp tha[ ,tw;wpd; tu;zidfs;/ rfy njtijfSf;Fk; cs;s g;uhu;j;jidfs; ,jpy; cs;sd.

Uf; ntjj;jpy; rpy ,l';fspy; tpkhdk;/ fg;gy;/ 3 rf;fu

thfdk;/ vjphpfis; mHpf;Fk; rhjdk; nghd;witfs; ,Ue;jjhfr; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. mr;tpdp njth;fs; thdj;jpy; 800 to 1500 mile ntfj;jpy; bry;yf;Toath;fs; (,wf;if cs;s Fjpiufs;) vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. gilg;gpy; Kjypy; njhd;wpaJ "#yk;". 30 hpf;Ffs; ,ijg; gw;wp brhy;fpwJ.


ml;ltiz-1y; brhy;yg;gl;l a#@h; ntjk;

,jpy; 2086 ke;j;u';fs; ,Ug;gjhfr; brhy;tu;. ahf';fs;/ ,tw;iwr;bra;a[k; Kiw Kjypait cs;sd. ,it ,uz;L gpupthf cs;sd.

f;U\;za#@h; ntjk; (2a)

101rhiffs; (fpisfs;),Ue;jjhfr; brhy;th;.

,g;nghJ 56 rhiffnscs;sd. mitahtd.

cgep\j;fs; - 32 mitahtd

1. mf;epntrk; 1. flk;

2. Mj;nuak; 2. ijj;jphPak;

3. Mg!;jk;gp 3. gpukk;

4. Mh;r;rhapdk; 4. ifty;ak;

5. MUzp 5. RntjRtjhuk;

6. Myk;gpdk; 6. fUg;gk;

7. MAtufk; 8. ehuhazk;

8. cygk; 9. mk;Ujehjk;

9. Xsnfak; 10. fhyhf;dp Uj;uk;

10. Infak; 11. B@upfk;

11. xsgkd;dpatk; 12. !h;trhuk;

12. flk; 13. Rfufrpak;

13. fgp\;lyflk; 14. njn#hgpe;J

14. fhz;ofPak; 15. jpahdgpe;J

15. fhkyhapdk; 16. gpuktpj;ij

16. fhyhgk; 17. nahfjj;tk;

17. fhnyij 18. j\pzh_h;j;jp

18. rufk; 19. !;fe;jk;


f;U\;za#@h; ntjk; (2a)

101rhiffs; (fpisfs;),Ue;jjhfr; brhy;th;.

,g;nghJ 56 rhiffnscs;sd. mitahtd.

cgep\j;fs; - 32 mitahtd

19. rhfnyak; 20. rhhPupfk;

20. rhuhzPak; 21. nahfrpiB

21. jhz;odk; 22. VfhBuk;

22. Je;Jgk; 23. mf;\p

23. Jk;g[U 24. mtJ]jk;

24. ijj;jPhpak; 25. flUj;uk;

25. ghjz;lePak; 26. Uj;u,jak;

26. ghuj;th#p 27. nahfFz;lypdp

27. ghy!;;fpdk; 28. g";rgpukk;

28. gpuhr;aflk; 29. gpuhzmf;dpnAhj;uk;

29. khdtk; 30. ftprk;juzk;

30. ikj;jpuazPak; 31. tuhfk;

31. thJ]yk; 32. !u!;tjp ufrpak;

32. th;je;jtPak; (7 vd;gJ ,y;iy)

33. thuhazPak;

34. thuhAk;

35. itfherk;

36. rhl;ahaeP

37. rpahkhadk;

38. RntjhRtjhuk;

39. Ahhpj;jputpak;

40. AhhPujk;

41. Auz;anfrp


kPjp rhiffs; tptuk; bjhpatpy;iy. 2(b) Rf;y a#@h; ntjk; (,th;fs; tlf;nf mjpfk;) 15 rhiffSk;/ 17 cgep\j;Jf;fSk; cs;sjhfr; brhy;th;. mitahtd.

15 rhiffs; cgep\j;Jfs; - 17

1. th#rndak; 1. #hghyk;

2. fhz;tk; 2. Ak;!k;

3. #hghyk; 3. gukAk;!k;

4. bgsnjak; 4. !@ghyk;

5. khj;jpahd;jpdk; 5. khe;j;hPfk;

6. fhnghyk; 6. epuhyk;gk;

7. itdnjak;** 7. jpup;rpfpg;ukhzk;

8. itdnjak;** 8. kz;lyg;ukhzk;

9. ghuhruk; 9. mj;itja jhufk;

10. gukhtofk; 10. ig!;fdk;

11. Mgofk; 11. gpB@

12. bgsz;outj;!k; 12. JhpahjPjk;

13. ig#thgk; 13. mj;ahj;kk;

14. bfse;njak; 14. ah#;" ty;f;ak;

15. itnjak; 15. rhl;ahadp

16. jhu!huk;

17. Kf;jpfk; ** 7;/ 8 btt;ntW


a#@h; ntjk; bjhlh;ghd kw;w E]y;;fs;

1. ijj;jphPa g;uhk;kzk; - ijj;jphpa ke;jpu';fspd; ahf tpsf;fk;

2. rjgj g;uhk;kzk; - ,J !@f;y a#@h; ntj gh\;ak; 3. ijj;jphPa Muz;afk; - ntj ke;jpu';fspypUe;J

bjhFf;fg;gl;lJ 4. g;uAjhuz;afk; - !@f;y a#@h; ntjj;jpypUe;J

bjhFf;fg;gl;lJ.

!k;Apij vd;why; ke;jpu';fspd; Tl;;lk; vd;W brhy;th;. jpj;jphp kfhp\p guk;giuahy; f;U\;z a#@h; ntj ke;jpu';fSf;F ijj;jphPa !k;Apij vdg; bgah; te;jJ. a#@h; ntjk; - 7 fhz;lk; - ,e;j VG fhz;lKk;/ fhz;lk;/ g;ughlfk;/ g;ur;dk; vd;W gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2(b) !@f;y a#@h; ntjk; - ,J th#!nda !k;Apij vd;Wk; brhy;y;g;gLk;. ,J tl ehl;oy;;gpugyk;. ah#;;" ty;f;ah; mUspaJ. ,th; itrk;ghaduplkpUe;J gphpe;jth;. ,jpy; 40 mj;ahak; cs;sJ. 40tJ mj;ahak; <nrhgdp\j; a#@h; ntjj;jpy; cs;sJ. g;uAjhuz;af cgep\j;. ,J a#@h; ntj rhuk;. m!njh kh !j;fka/ jk n!hkh #;nahjph; fka/ k;Uj;nahkh mkph;jk fka/ ,jd; mh;j;jk;: (m!j;jpypUe;J vd;id !j;jpw;F miHj;Jr; bry;. ,Uspy; ,Ue;J vd;id xspf;F miHj;Jr; bry;. kuzj;jpypUe;J vd;id rhfhikf;F miHj;Jr; bry;).


,e;j cgep\j;jpy; ah#;" ty;f;ah; - ikj;nuap ,ilna ele;j !k;thjk; cs;sJ. <rhth!;a cgep\j; (Rf;y a#@h;; ntjk;) mf;nd ea !@gjhuhna ............................gpnjk ,e;j ke;j;uj;jpd; bghUs;: (mf;dp njtnd/ xspg; bghUns v';fspd; vy;yhr; bray;fisa[k; eP mwpgtd;. eh';;fs; bra;j tpidg; gaid mDgtpf;f v';fis mDgtg; ghijapy; ,l;Lr; bry;. jtW bra;ahikia v';fSf;F czh;j;J........) ml;ltiz 1y; brhy;yg;gl;l !hk ntjk;...(3) !hk ntjk; vd;gJ gw;gy hp\pfs; gw;gy bja;t';fisg; gw;wpr; brhd;d g;uhh;j;jdh fPjk; MFk;. hp\pfs;/ ,itfis mrhPhp nghy; nfl;L ekf;F mspj;jhh;fs;. ,it ,uz;L gphpt[fshf cs;sd. ,jpy; 1875 ke;j;u';fs; ,Ug;gjhfr; brhy;tu;;; khWgl;l !;tu';fisf;bfhz;lJ

1. g{h;thh;;rpjk; - MW gphpt[fs; 2. cj;juhh;rpjk; - xd;gJ gphpt[fs;

bkhj;jk; 30 mj;jpahak;. 446 jrjpfs; (jrjp vd;why; 10 vd;W bghUs;) 1000 gphpt[fs; (!hiffs); ,Ue;jjha[k; 17 rhiffs; jhd; kp";rpaJ vd;Wk; brhy;thh; cz;L kw;Wk; rpy bghpnahh;fs; jw;nghJ _d;W jhd; cs;sJ vd;Wk; brhy;th;. hpf;/ gj!;/ gj!;njhkk; ,g;gog;gl;l f;ukj;ij cilaJ !hkk;. !hkk; 5 tpjkhft[k;/ 7 tpjkhft[k; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F "g';f;jp" vd;W bgah;. mjhtJ gphpt[. xt;bthU g';f;jpf;Fk; xU mjp\;lhd njtij.


Ie;J g';f;jp vd;why;: 1 g;u!;jhtk;/ 2 cj;fPjk;/ 3 g;ujpAhuk;/ 4 cgj;utk;/ 5 epjdk; . VG g';f;jp vd;why; 6 g;uztk; 7 A@';fhuk; vd;gij nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; rhe;njhf;a cgep\j;/ nfnehgep\j; - ,uz;L cgep\j;Jf;fs; cs;sd. Inuhg;gpa r';fPjf; FwpfSk;/ xypa[k;/ !;tuKk; rhkfhdj;Jld; xj;Js;sJ. ,ijg; gw;wp lr;Rf;fhuh;fs; epiwa E]y;fis btspapl;Ls;shh;fs;. b#h;khdpaUk; ,g;gona Muha;r;rp bra;J epiwa E]y;fs; btspapl;oUf;fpwhh;fs;. 17 gpupt[fspy;/ uhzhadPak;/bfsjkk;/ vd;w ,uz;Lk; mjpfkhff; fhdk; bra;ag;gLfpwJ. rhe;njhf;a cgep\j; - ,J rhe;njhf;a g;uhk;kzj;ijr; nrh;e;jJ.

1. cj;jhyf MUzp -- ,th; !j;tpj;iaia !;ntj nfJt[f;F cgnjrpj;jhh;.

2. kApjh! Ijnuah; -- ,th; g[U\ tpj;iaia !;ntj

nfJt[f;F cgnjrpj;jhh;. 3. !j;a fhk #hghyh; -- ,th; !k;th;f;f tpj;iaia

!;ntj nfJt[f;F cgnjrpj;jhh;. 4. rhz;oy;ah; -- ,th; rhz;oy;a tpj;iaia !;ntj

nfJt[f;F cgnjrpj;jhh;. 5. g;uthAz i#typ -- ,th; g";rhf;dp tpj;iaia

!;ntj nfJt[f;F cgnjrpj;jhh;.


,itfs; vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gJ vd;why; fLf;fhapd; Fz';fis mwpe;j itj;ad;/ mst[k;/ Kiwa[k; bjhpe;J mij nehahspf;F bfhLf;f nehahsp itj;ah; brhy;ypago mijr; rhg;gpl;L gyd; bgWfpwhd;. ,tw;wpd; mst[k;/ Kiwa[k; mwpahJ nehahsp jd; ,\;lj;Jf;Fr; rhg;gpl;lhy; KGg; gaid mila khl;lhd;. bfLjiya[k;; milthd;. ,J fLf;fhapd; Fw;wky;y. ke;j;uKk; fLf;fhiag; nghd;wnj. ,ij brhy;tjw;F cj;;jhyf MUzp nghd;w hp\pfs; njit. ,jpy; (!hkntjj;jpy;;) jh;kj;jpd; gphpt[fs; brhy;yg; gLfpd;wd. 1) af;"k; 2) mj;aadk; 3) jhdk; - ,J Kjy; gphpt[ jtk; - ,J ,uz;lhtJ gphpt[ (thdg;u!;jk;) g;uA;;kr;rhhp jh;kk; - ,J _d;whtJ gphpt[ thf;fpw;F ehd;F gFjp ,Ug;gjhf brhy;yg;gLfpwJ: 1) guh 2) gr;ae;jp 3) kj;akh 4) itfhP ,jpy; itfhP kl;Lk; eilKiwapy; tps';FfpwJ. kw;w _d;Wk; cs;ns kiwe;Js;sJ. nfnehgep\j;: ahuhy;? vd;gJ nfs;tp. cyf';fspd; ,af;fk; - ahuhy;? g[tp <h;g;g[ tpjp - ,J fz;Lgpof;fg; gLtjw;F Kd;ghfnt ,Ue;J bfhz;L,Uf;fpwJ. R{h;aidr; Rw;wp cs;s tl;lg; ghijapy; gy fpuf';fs; ,a';Ffpd;wd. vg;nghJ ,a';f Muk;gpj;jJ vd;gd nghd;w nfs;tpfs;/ gjp;y;fs; ,jpy; cs;sd. ,e;j cgep\j;jpy; 35 ke;j;u';fs;/ 4 gFjpfs; cs;sd. ,jw;F Mjpr';fuh;/ $kj;th; ,UtUk; "gh\;ak;" vGjpapUf;fpwhh;fs; (cgep\j; thpirapy; 2tJ cgep\j;jpy; tptu';fs; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd).


rhe;njhf;a cgep\j; (!hk ntjk;) !hk fhdk; bra;gtd; vd;W bghUs;. gj;J mj;aha';fs; . ,jw;F ijj;jphPa cgep\j;ijg; nghy rpwg;g[ cz;L. mBu tpj;ia/ Mfhr tpj;ia/ kJ tpj;ia/ rhz;oy;a tpj;ia / g;uhz tpj;ia/ g";rhf;dp tpj;ia/ g{kh tpj;ia/ jAu tpj;ia vd;W gy gphpt[fs; cs;sd. (cgep\j; thpirapy; 9tJ cgep\j;jhf tptu';fs; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd)

!hk ntjj;jpy; bfsjkk;/ uhizajPak;/ i#kpdPak; vd;W _d;W gphpt[ cz;L. bfsjk- jhz;l;a g;uhA;kzk;/ !k;tpjhd g;uhA;kzk;/ njtjhj;aha g;uhA;kzk;/ !k;Apnjhgep\j; g;uhA;kzk;/ \l;tpk;! g;uhA;kzk;/ Mh;n\a g;uhA;kzk;/ !he;njhf;a g;uhA;kzk;/ tk;! g;uhA;kzk; vd;W vl;L g;uhA;kz';fs;.

Muz;afk; - rhe;njhf;a Muz;afk; cgep\j; - rhe;njhf;a cgep\j; uhzajPa !k;Apij - ,jw;F jdpahf g;uhA;kzk;/ Muz;afk;/ cgep\j; ,it ,y;iy.

i#kdPa !k;Apij - ,jpy; i#kdPa g;uhA;kzk;/ i#kdPa g;uhA;kz Muz;afk;/ nfnehgep\j;J cs;sd. ml;ltiz- 1y; brhy;yg;gl;l mjh;tz ntjk; (4) mwpahik vd;fpw ,Uis "mjh;" vd;Dk; mdy; vhpg;gjhy; ,jw;F mjh;t ntjk; vd;W bgah;. 5987 ke;j;u';fs; ,Ug;gjhfr;brhy;tu;. ke;j;u';fspd; nrh;f;if !k;Apij. mjh;t ntjj;jpw;F/ cg ntj';fshf rh;g;g ntjk;/ gprhr ntjk;/ mRu ntjk;/ ,jpAhr ntjk;/ g[uhz ntjk;/ Ma[h; ntjk;/ ae;j;u je;j;u ntj';fs; vd;W gythwhf ,Ug;gjhfr; brhy;th;.


bghJ - b!sdf !k;Apij/ gpg;gyhj !k;Apij vd;W ,uz;L !k;Apijfs;. nfhgj g;uhAk;zk;/ g;ur;ndhgep\j;/ khz;^f;a cgep\j;/ e;U!pk;A jhgePa cgep\j; ,itfs; ,ijr; nrh;e;jJ. ,jw;Fs;s rhiffs; (fpisfs;) gpg;gyhj rhif/ !;bjsj rhif/ bksj rhif/ brsdfPa rhif/ #h#y rhif/ #yj rhif/ g;uk;k ntj rhif/ ntj rhf rhif/ rhuz itj;a rhif/ vd;W gy rhiffs; cs;sd. ,jw;F 31 cgep\j;Jfs; ,Ug;gjhfr; brhy;th;. mitahtd:

1. g;;ur;dk; 17. R{h;;ad;

2. Kz;lfk; 18. Mj;kh

3. khz;Lf;ak; 19. ghRgjk;

4. mjh;t rpuk; 20. gug;uk;kk;

5. mjh;t rpfk; 21. j;upg[ujhgdp

6. g;uAj;rhghyk; 22. njtp

7. e;U!pk;A Aj;jhgzp 23. ghtdk;

8. ehuj ghpt;uh#k; 24. g!;krhghyk;

9. rPjh/ 25. fzgjp

10. rukk; 26. kAhthf;ak;

11. kAhehuhazk; 27. nfhghyjhgzp

12. uhkuA!;ak; 28. f;U\;zk;

13. uhkjhgdP 29. Aaf;hPtk;

14. rhz;oy;ak; 30. jj;jhj;nuak;

15. g;uk;k Ak;! ghpt;uh#fk; 31. fh%lk;

16. md;dg{h;zk;

mjh;tz _y!k;Apij/ 20 fhz;l';fshf gphpj;J gpwF g;ughlf';fs; / mDthf';fs;/ !@j;u';fs;/ ke;j;u';fs; vd;W bjhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. bkhj;jk; 5847 ke;j;u';fs;. mjh;tzk;


bjhpe;jth;fs; fh\;kPhpy; rpyh;/ fhrpapy; rpyh; ,g;nghJk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. Rkhh; 1575Mk; Mz;oy; "gAhtd;" vd;fpw g;uhkzd; K!;ypkhf kjk; khwp mjh;tz ntjj;ij ghurPf bkhHpapy; vGjpdhd;. ,!;yhkpah;fSf;F ,J tug;urhjkhf mike;J tpl;lJ. neha;fSf;F ntz;oa rpfpr;irfs; ,e;j ntjj;jpy; cs;sJ. thdpay; ufrpa';fs; ,e;j ntjj;jpy; cs;sd. #yk;/ epyk;/ fhw;W/ fdy; (beUg;g)[/ Mfhak; ,tw;why; neha;fis vg;go Fzg;gLj;jyhk; vd;gJk; ,jpy; cs;sJ. "Apg;dhork;" ,jpy; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. bry;tj;ij mila[k; tHp _ypiffspd; tptuk; ,jpy; cs;sJ. mjh;t ntjj;jpypUe;J b#h;kd; tp";"hdpfs; Mspy;yhj (igyl;oy;yhj) (V-I, V-II, V-III)nghh; tpkhd';fis cUthf;fp ,';fpyhe;ijj; jhf;fpdhh;fs;. g;uhz tha[/ fhpakpy tha[ tp\ak; ,e;j ntjj;jpy; cs;sJ. uz rpfpr;ir/ mjw;fhd fUtpfs; bra;a[k; Kiwia tpsf;Fk; tptu';fs; ,e;j ntjj;jpy;; cs;s "ruf!k;Apij" apy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. (j";rht{h; ru!;tjp kAhypy; ,e;j E]y; cs;sJ). fz;fSf;Fj; bjhpahj fpUkpfs; clypy; tiy nghy; cs;sd vd;W ,e;j ntjj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. Uj;u #;tuk; (itu!; #;tuk;) gw;wpa[k; Fwpg;g[fs; cs;sd. Kfk; tHpahfr; bry;Yk; fpUkpfs;/ clypy; g[Fk; fpUkpfs;/ _f;F tHpahfr; bry;git/ njhy; tHpahfr; bry;git nghd;w fpUkpfs;. ,f;fpUkpfshy; Vw;gLk; neha;fisg; gw;wpa tptu';fs; cs;sd. ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; ,jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. _ypiffspd; bgah;/ mtw;wpd; gyd; ,jpy; cs;sJ. kzp/ ke;j;u/ xs\j rpfpr;irfs;/ mjh;tzP #gk;/ ahfk;/ jhdk;/ !;t!;jpthrdk;/ mtnr!dk;/ mtkhh;#dk;/ !;;ehdk;; 2 M!;;fpu!p/ (khdrPf rf;jp)/ 3 ijtP (tha[/ #yk;/ epyk;/ R{h;a rf;jp)/ 4 khD\p (kUj;Jth;fs;) ,it nghd;w rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd.


rhe;jp fh;khf;fs; mjhtJ neha;f;F jf;fthW rhe;jp bra;J bfhs;tJ/ rpj;jg; g;uikf;F Tl/ ,jpy; tptu';fs; cs;sd. g;uk;k xsjdk;- mhprpa[ld; ey;y #yk;/ ePh; fyf;fhj ghy;/ n!hkk; nghd;w X\jpfs; fye;j md;dk; ,itfis rhg;gpl;lhy; Vw;gLk; f;"hdk;/ ePz;l Ma[s;/ cly; tY/ ey;y ,y;ywk; nghd;w gyd;fSf;fhd tptuk; cs;sJ. tpnuhjpfis mHpg;gjw;fhd ke;jpuk; cs;sJ. jpUkzk;/ tPL vg;go ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ fhyigutd;/ ehp/ <f;fs;/ fhf';fs;/ Ma[j';fs;/ tpy; mk;g[/ kpd;dy;/ ,o/ bts;sk;/ beUg;g[[/ #;;tuk;/ Bak;/ ,tw;why; Vw;gLk; kuzk;/ md;dj;jpd; bgUik/ g;uhz tpj;ia/ md;dka/ g;uhzka/ kndhka/ tpf;"hd ka/ Mde;j ka nfhr';fs; gw;wpa tptu';fs; cs;sd. Vfhjr Uj;uh;;fs; gw;wpa tptu';fs; cs;sJ. mRuh;fs;:

1. vy;yh fhyj;jpYk;/ vy;yh ,lj;jpYk; flt[is Vw;fhjtd;

2. fh;tKs;s eh!;jpfd; 3. jd;idg; gw;wp bghpjhf epidg;gtd; 4. Raeyf;fhud; 5. J\;ld; 6. fhkhe;jfd; 7. Kd;nfhgp 8. mf;fpukf;fhud; 9. bfh^ud;

,th;fbsy;yhk; mRuh;fs; vd;W ntjk; brhy;fpwJ. g;uk;kr;rhpa !@f;jk; ,jpy; cs;sJ. kdpjh;fspd; ght';fisg; nghf;fp mth;fis ghtkw;wth;fshfr; bra;a[k; njtijfs; ,jpy; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd.


g{kpapy; trpf;Fk; njtijfs; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd - tptuk; tUkhW:

1. mf;dp 26. nAhj;uh:

2. td!;gjp (jhtu cUtpy; cs;s njtij)

27. tPUjhk; g";ruh#;ahdp

3. X\jpfs; 28. n!hkd;

4. tPUj: 29. jh;g;g:

5. mnAhuhj;u 30. at:

6. rga;a 31. g';fs;;

7. c\h: 32. !A:

8. ghh;j;jpth:grt: 33. muhj

9. Muz;ah:k;Ufh: 34. uBhk;!p

10. g{kp 35. rh;g;gk;

11. aBh;fs; 36. g[z;a #d';fs; (g[dpjkhd ahf';fs; )

12. gh;tj';fs; 37. kuzk; (11 tpjkhd kuz';fs;)

13. fly;fs; 38. UJf;fs;

14. ejpfs; 39. UJgjp

15. ntrd;jh: 40. Mh;j;jtk;

16. g{kpapy; epiyahf ,Uf;Fk; rf;u';fs; 41. Ahad

17. t!t: 42. !kh:

18. mjh;thz: 43. !k;t!;ru:

19. m';fpu!h: 44. kh!h:

20. ahf njtijfs; 45. tp!;n;tnjth: njt g!;a:

21. v#khdd; 47. g{jk;

22. Urd; 48. g{jhdhk;/ g{jgjp

23. rhkhsp 49.ng\#d;

24. ng\#hdp

25. a#@


me;jupB njtijfs; tptuk; tUkhW:

1. fe;jh;th;fs; 11. rFe;jgdp

2. mg;!uh: 12. gt

3. re;j;ukh: 13. !h;t:

4. tha[ 14. Uj;u:

5. gh;#d;ad;(kiH njtij) 15. gRgjp:

6. me;jhp;Bd; 16. ,\@

7. jpf;Ffs; 17. akd;

8. !h;thMrh: 18. gpju:

9. n!hk: 19. me;jhpf;\rj: njth:

10. gBpfs; 20. Uj;uh: thdpy; trpf;Fk; njtijfs; -

1) ,e;jpud; 13) j;;t\;lh

2) g;UA!;gjp ** 14) m!;tpbjs

3)R{h;ad; 15) g;UA!;gjp **

4) uh#htUz: 16) mjh;kh

5) kpj;ud; 17) tp!;nt Mjpj;a:

6) tp\;Q 18) bja;tPf gBpfs;

7) gfd; 19) j;bas

8) mk;rd; 20) eBj;jpu';fs;

9) tpt!;thd; 21) rg;j hp\a:

10) rtpjhnjtd; 22) njtp : Mg:

11) jhjh 23)g;u#hgjp

12) g{\h 24) jptp\jh:njth:

** 2. njt FU; 15. mRuFU


g{kpapy; 48/ me;jhp;Bj;jpy; 20/ FU!;jhdj;jpy; 23/ Mf 91. nkYk; ,e;j ntjj;jpy; a[j;jk;/ gilfs;/ jsgjp/ btof;Fk; Fz;L/ fz;zp bto/ ifbawp Fz;L/ thdpy; brd;W jhf;Fk; ae;j;uk;/ mk;gpd; Edpapy; itj;J va;tJ/ ejpfs;/ Fs';fspd; Xu';fspy; kiwj;J itf;fg;gLk; Fz;Lfs;/ kiyapd; kiwt[g;gFjpf;Fk;/ flYf;Fs;Sk; brd;W jhf;FtJ --- ,it gw;wpa tptu';fs; cs;sd. J]h;th!;j;uk; (fz;zp g[iff; Fz;L) jk!h!;j;uk; (fz;fs; k';fp jLkhWjy;)/ rk;nkh;fheh!;j;uk; (kaf;f kUe;ijg; nghy) ,g;go gyg;gy m!;j;u';fspd; tptu';fs; cs;sd. ml;ltiz-II y;brhy;yg;gl;l ke;j;uk;( !k;Apij) (1)

itjPf fu;khf;fspy; brhy;yg;gLk; ke;j;u';fs; ,jpy; cs;sd. g;uhh;j;jdh ke;j;u';fs;/ MrPh;thj ke;j;u';fs; - ,ita[k; ,jpy; mlf;fk;. jh;k R{B;k';fisa[k; ,jpy; bjhpe;J bfhs;syhk;.

hpf; ntjj;jpy; ,uz;L gphpt[ (1) rhfyg; gphpt[ (2)gh!;fyg; gphpt[. rhfy gphptpy;/ Uf; ntjj;jpw;F rhfy !k;Apij. ,jw;F g;uhA;kzk;/ Ijnua g;uhA;kzk;. ,jw;F Muz;afk;/ Ijnua Muz;afk;. ,jw;F cgep\j;/ Ijnua cgep\j;. gh!;fyg; gphpt[ - ,jw;F gh!;fy !k;Apij/ bfs\PjpfP g;uhA;kzk;/ !h';f;ahad Muz;afk;/ bfs\pjPfP cgep\j; - ,it cs;sd. ml;ltiz-IIy; brhy;yg;gl;l g;uhA;kzk; (2) ke;j;u';fSf;Fk;/ f;hpiafSf;Fk; cs;s rk;ge;jk;/ ahf tpjpfs;/ ahf';fisr; bra;a[k; Kiwfs;/ ntjhe;jf; bfhs;iffs;/ cjhuzf; fijfs;/ El;gkhd cgnjr';fs;/ g;uha!;rpj;jk;/ !;njhj;u';fs;/ guk;giu gw;wpa fijfs; ,jpy;


cs;sd. ahfj;ij elj;j/ ahfj;ij elj;Jk; a#khddhy; thpf;fg;gLk; "hpj;tpf;Ffs;" gw;wpa tptuk; cs;sJ. mth;fs; 4 fz';fs;. mitahtd:

1. nAhj;U fzk; - Uf;ntj mjpfhupfs; (Uf;ntj ghuhazk; bra;gth;)

2. mj;th;a[ fzk; - a#@h; ntjpfs; (a#@h; ntj ghuhazk; bra;gth;)

3. cj;fhj;U fzk; - !hk ntjpfs; (!hk ntj ghuhazk; bra;gth;)

4. g;uA;k fzk; (a#@h; ntjpfs;) ml;ltiz-IIy; brhy;yg;gl;l Muz;afk; (3)

thdg;gpu!;jh;fs;/ rd;ah!pfs; - fhl;oy; gof;f ntz;oait ,jpy; cs;sd. vd;bdd;d ahfk; vg;go vg;go bra;jhy; vd;d gyd; vd;gd nghd;w tptu';fSk; cs;sd. ml;ltiz-IIy; brhy;yg;gl;l cgep\j; (4)

gfthidg; gw;wpa jj;t';fisa[k;/ gftj; Fz j;ahdj;ija[k; tpthpf;fpwJ (!j;tpj;ia/ jAu tpj;ia/ g{k tpj;ia Kjypad). gfthDld; beU';fp ,Ug;gjhy;/ mjhtJ gfthdpd; !;t%g/ %g/ Fzk;:- ,tw;iwj; bjhptpg;gjhy;. "cgep\j;" vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. cgep\j;Jfs; 108 vd;W brhy;yg;gl;oUe;jhYk;/ gj;J cgep\j;Jfs; Kf;fpakhf brhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. ,J ""hdfhz;lk;" vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. gj;J cgep\j;Jf;fspd; tptuj;ij "cgep\j;Jf;fs;" vd;fpw jdpahd jiyg;gpd; fPH; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

bghJ - a#@h; ntjk; - f;U\;z a#@h; Rf;y a#@h;

vd;W ,uz;L gphpt[. f;U\;z a#@h; ntjk; ,uz;L fpisfs;.


xU fpis: ijj;jphPa !k;Apij/ g;uhA;kzk;/ Muz;afk;/ cgep\j;. ,d;bdhU fpis:-fl !k;Apij fnlhgep\j;/ fgp!;jy fl !k;Apij vd;Wk; xU gphpt[. ikj;uhapzP !k;Apij/ ikj;uhapzP cgep\j;/ r;;ntjhr;tjnuhgep\j;J/ vd;W gphpt[fs;. Rf;y a#@h; - khj;ae;jpd ghlk;/ fhz;t ghlk; vd;W ,uz;L gphpt[fs;. ghlj;jpd; bgahpnyna !k;Apijfs;. cjhuzk; - khj;ae;jpd !k;Apij/ fhz;t !k;Apij. <rhth!;a cgep\j;J. ,uz;L ghl';fspYk; rjgj g;uhA;kzk; cz;L. g;UAjhuz;af cgep\j; ,jpy; cs;sJ. ml;ltiz-IIIy; brhy;yg;gl;l ntj';fspd; rhiffs; (1) Uf;ntj rhif 21 rhiffs; ,Ue;jjhft[k;/ jw;nghJ 6 rhiffs; kl;oy; ,Ug;gjhft[k; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. mitahtd: 1. rhfyk; 2. g[\;fyk; 3. Mr;tyhadk; 4. rh';fhadk; 5. Ijnuak; 6. khz;^fhadk; ml;ltiz-IIIy; cs;s f;U\;z a#@h;ntj rhif 101 rhiffs; ,Ue;jbjd;Wk;/ 86 kl;Lk; ,Ue;jbjd;Wk;/ jw;nghJ 5 rhiffns cs;sbjd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. mit:

1. rufrhif 2. fhlf !k;cwpij 3. fgp\;ly rhif 4. ikj;uhazp rhif vd;w fyhg rhif 5. ijj;jphpa rhif


ml;ltiz-IIIy; brhy;yg;gl;l Rf;y a#@h; ntj rhif ,jpy; 17 rhiffs; ,Ue;jjhfr; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. ,g;nghJ ,Ug;gJ 2 rhiffs;. mit-

(1) th#rnda !k;Apij rjgj g;uhA;kzk; g;uAjhuz;a cgep\j; fhj;ahad r;busj !@j;uk; gh!;fu f;UA;a !@j;uk; ;

(2) fhz;t rhif ml;ltiz-IIIy; cs;s !hk ntj rhif _d;W rhiffs; cs;sd

(1) bfsjk rhif (2) uhzhadPa rhif (3) i#kdPa rhif

ml;ltiz-IIIy; cs;s mjh;tz ntj rhif ,uz;L rhiffs; cs;sd

(1) gpg;gyhj rhif (2) brsdf rhif

ml;ltiz-IVy; cs;s ke;j;ughfk; xt;bthU ntjj;jpYk;/ Mrhh;ad; brhy;y/ rp\;ad; jpUk;gr; brhy;Yk; ghfk;. kddk; bra;a[k; ke;j;u';fs; Uf;/ a#@h; !hk/ mjh;tz vd;fpw ,e;j ehd;F ntj';fspYk; cs;sd. ml;ltiz-IVy; brhy;yg;gl;l g;uhA;;kzghfk; g;uhA;;kz ghfj;jpy;/ xt;bthU ntjj;jpYk; cs;s ke;j;u';fspd; tptuk; ngrg;gLfpwJ. ahf';fs; vjw;fhfr;


bra;ag;gLfpd;wd/ mitfspd; bgUik vit vd;gJk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. ml;ltiz-IVy; g;uhk;kzghfj;jpy; Uf; ntjj;jpy; cs;s (1) Ijnua g;uhA;;kzk; ,jpy; 40 mj;aha';fs; cs;sd. ,jpy; ntj fhyg;gHf;f tHf;f';fs;/ ntj fhy bewpKiwfs; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd. Rer;nrgd; fij ,jpy; cs;sJ. Mr;tyhad fy;g !@j;uk; ,jpy; cs;sJ. 12 mj;aha';fs; cs;s "r;busjk;"/ 4 mj;aha';fs; cs;s "f;UA;a !@j;uk; " ,jpy; cs;sJ. ml;ltiz-IVy; g;uhk;kz ghfj;jpy; Uf;ntjj;jpy; (2)bfs\Pjfg;uhk;kzk;

Atph; af;"k;; - MW mj;aha';fs; (1 Kjy; 6 )/ ahfj;Jf;fhd (af;"k;) !hjd';fs; - _d;W mj;aha';fs; (7 Kjy; 10) ahfj;Jf;fhd (af;"';fs;)ke;j;u';fs; 20 mj;aha';fs; (11 Kjy; 30) (bfs\Pjf Muz;afk; jdpahf cs;sJ. ,J/ m#hjrj;U vd;gth; ghyfP vd;gtUf;Fr;; brhd;dit.) ml;ltiz-IVy; g;uhk;kz ghfj;jpy; (3)f;U\;z a#@h; ntjk; ,jpy; 1) ijj;jphPa g;uhk;kzk; ijj;jphPa Muz;afk; ijj;jphPa cgep\j; cs;sJ. ijj;jphPa g;uhk;kzk;/ gfthdpd;/ vy;yhg; gilg;g[fisa[k; tpthpf;fpwJ. ml;ltiz-IVy; g;uhk;kz ghfj;jpy; (4) Rf;y a#@h; ntjk; ,jpy; "rjgjg;uhk;kzk;" cs;sJ. ,J ,uz;L ghf';fshf ,Uf;fpwJ. ahf';fisg; gw;wpa vy;yh tptuKk; ,jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.


ml;ltiz-IVy; g;uhk;kz ghfj;jpy; (5)!hkntjj;jpy; cs;sit ,jpy; 7 g;uhk;kz';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mitahtd:

(1) g";rtpk;r g;uhk;kzk; (n!hk ahfk; bra;ag;gLk; tpjj;ij tpthpf;fpwJ.

(2) rjtpk;rg;uhk;kzk; (f;uA';fspd; mikg;g[/ mtw;wpd;

tptu';fs;/ eBj;u';fs;/ mitfspd; tpsf;f';fs;/ Kf;fpakhf thd rh!;j;uk;/ g{fk;gk; gw;wpa tptuk; ,jpy; cs;sd).

(3) rhktpjhd g;uhk;kzk; (Mfk';fis tpthpf;fpwJ.

,e;j Mfk';fs; etuj;dk;/ g";ruj;dk;/ uj;dj;uak; vd;W tH';fg;gLfpwJ).

etuj;dk;: 1) ghj;kk; 2)tp\;Q je;j;uk; 3)fhgp";ryk; 4) g;uk;A!k;Apij 5)khh;f;fz;nla !k;Apij 6)guk !k;Apij 7)ghuj;th#k; 8) ehuhaz je;j;uk; 9) ghunk!;tuk; g";ruj;dk;: 1) ghj;kk; 2) !ej;Fkhuk; 3)guk!k;Apij 4)gj;nkhj;gtk; 5)khnAe;j;uk; (ghj;kj;jpy; - rh;ahghjj;jpy; ,g;go cs;sd). uj;dj;uak;: 1) !hj;tjk; 2) bgs\;fuk; 3)#ahf;ak; (gfthdhy; nehpilahf brhy;yg;gl;ljhf Mrhh;ah;fs; Kot[)

(4) Mh;n\ag;uhk;kzk; - !hkntj mj;ahapfSf;F Kf;fpakhdJ. mjhtJ !hkntjk; brhy;ypf;bfhs;Sk; rp\;ah;fSf;F ,J kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

(5) tk;rg;uhk;kzk; - !hk ntj Mrhh;ah;fisg; gw;wp

,J tpthpf;fpwJ.


(6) njtjhj;a g;uhk;kzk; - !hkntjj;jpnyna ,J Kf;a g;uhk;kzk;. !hkntj fhdk; gw;wpa vy;yh tptuKk; ,jpy; cs;sJ.

(7) jy;tfhug;uhk;kzk; - ,J rhe;njhf;a cgep\j;

vd;Wk; brhy;th;. rhe;njhf;a cgep\j;ijg; gw;wp -cgep\j; vd;fpw jiyg;gpy; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ml;ltiz-IV-y; g;uhk;kz ghfj;jpy; (6) mjh;tz ntjj;jpy; nfhgj g;uhk;kzk; - kpf Kf;akhd gFjp. vy;yhg; gilg;g[ uf!;a';fSk; ,jpy; cs;sd. ml;ltiz-v-y; ntjj;jpy; cs;s (a) ntjh';f';fs; vd;fpw jiyg;gpy; (1) !;k;Ujpfs; - ,J kdjhy; epidj;jy; vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLk;. cgg;Uk;Az';fs; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. ,jpy; kD!;k;Ujp/ guhru !;k;Ujp/ ah#;"ty;f;a !;k;Ujp vd;W ,g;go gy !;k;Ujpfs; cs;sd. ,itaht[k; xGf;f Kiwfisa[k; ePjpfisa[k; tpthpf;fpd;wd. !;k;Ujpfs; 18. ntj mh;j;j';fis kdjhy; !;khpg;gJ. !;k;Ujpfs; bra;;jth;fs; g;UA;kh/ tp\;Q/ kD/ akd;/ m';fpu!;/ trp\;lh;/ jBh;/ !k;th;j;jh;/ guhruh;/ Mg!;jk;gh;/ fhj;ahadh;/ bfsjkh;/ r';fh;/ tp#pjh;/ mj;hp/ Ahhpjh;/ g;UA!;gjp/ Rf;ud;/ t;ah!h;/ ah#;"ty;f;ah;/ nghjhadh;.

ml;ltiz-V ntjh';f';fs; (a)y; cs;s (2),jpAh!';fs; ",jpAh!k;" vd;why; ele;jij ele;jgona brhy;tJ.

(1) $kj;uhkhazk; ($thy;kPfp kAhp\pahy; mUsg;gl;lJ. VG fhz;l';fs; 24000 r;nyhf';fs;. gfthd; $kd; ehuhazd;/ uhkd; vd;fpw jpUg;bgahpy; kD\;a mtjhuk; bra;J kD\;ad; vg;go ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gij thH;e;J fhl;oaJ. ("ruzhfj rh!;j;uk;" $kj;uhkhazk; vd;Wk;brhy;th;)


(2) $kAhghujk; ($t;ah! kfhp\p mUspaJ) - 18 gh;t';fs; xUyBk; r;nyhf';fs;. ghz;lt/ Jh;nahjdhjpah;fs;-$fpU\;zd; mtjhuk;/ jh;kj;Jf;Fk;/ mjh;kj;Jf;Fk; ele;j nghh;/ $kj;gftj;fPij mtjhpj;jJ. $tp\;Q !A!;uehkk; mtjhpj;jJ - ,ita[k; kw;w gpwt[k; cs;sd.

ml;ltiz –V ntjh';f';fs; (a)y;(3) cs;s g[uhz';fs; g[uhz';fs; bkhj;jk; 18. Kk;_h;j;jpfisg; gw;wpr;; brhy;fpwJ vd;W brhy;th;. !hj;tPf/ uh#!/ jhk! g[uhz';fs; vd;Wk; ,tw;iwg; gphpj;J brhy;thh;fs;. 1. tp\;Q g[uhzk; 2. ehujPa g[uhzk; 3. ghftj g[uhzk; 4. fUl g[uhzk; 5. gj;k g[uhzk; 6. tuhA g[uhzk; $kAhtp\;Qitg; gw;wpr;brhy;Yk; g[uhz';fs; ,it vd;Wk;/ ,it !hj;tPf g[uhz';fs; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. 1. g;uA;khz;l g[uhzk; 2. g;uA;kitth;j;j g[uhzk; 3. khh;f;fz;nla g[uhzk; 4. gtp\;a g[uhzk; 5. thkd g[uhzk; 6. g;uA;k g[uhzk; g;uA;khitg; gw;wpr; brhy;Yk; g[uhz';fs; ,it vd;Wk;/ ,it uh#! g[uhz';fs; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. 1. kj;!;a g[uhzk; 2. Th;k g[uhzk; 3. yp';f g[uhzk; 4. rpt g[uhzk;


5. !;fe;j g[uhzk; 6. mf;dp g[uhzk; gunk!;tuidg; (rptd;) gw;wpr; brhy;Yk; g[uhz';fs; vd;Wk; ,it jhk! g[uhz';fs; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. ml;ltiz - V(b) ntjh';f';fs; - MW ntjj;jpw;F - rp;Bh vd;gJ _f;F vd;Wk;/ t;ahfuzk; vd;gJ tha; vd;Wk;/ epUf;jk; vd;gJ fhJ vd;Wk;/ #;nahjp\k; vd;gJ fz; vd;Wk;/ fy;gk; vd;gJ iffs; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. MW m';f';fSld; Toa ehd;F ntj';fSf;F mDTykhd jh;f;fk; ntjj;jpd; bghUis Muha kPkhk;!k;/ ,jpAh!k; / g[uhzk; vd;W 14 Jiwfs;. 14 tpj;ah!;jhd';fs; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. (Ma[h;ntjk;/ mh;j;j rh!;j;uk;/ jDh; ntjk;/ fhe;jh;t ntjk; vd;W nrh;j;J 18 tpj;ah!;jhd';fs; vd;Wk; brhy;th;).

1) rpiB - ghzpdp/ ehujh; Kjypath;fshy; bra;ag;gl;lJ vd;W brhy;th;. 32 rpiBfs; fpilj;Js;sjhft[k;/ ,jpy; rg;j';fspd; mBu';fs;/ _d;W !;tu';fs;/ ,tw;iwr; rhpahf cr;rhpf;Fk; tpjk; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Wk; brhy;th;.

2) t;ahfuzk; - ,J ,yf;fzk;. ADkhid et

t;ahfuz gz;ojd; vd;W g[fH;thh;fs;. t;ahfuzk;. !k!;f;Uj bkhHpf;Fk;/ ntjj;Jf;Fk; Kf;akhdJ

3) re;j!; - ntj ke;jpu';fspd; khj;jpiu. ; cr;rhpg;g[/

cr;rhpf;Fk;nghJ cs;s Vw;w/ ,wf;fk; re;j!; vdg;gLfpwJ.

4) epUf;jk; - ntjr;brhw;fisg; gphpf;Fk; tpjk; ,jpy;

brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. mhpa gj';fspd; mh;j;j';fSk; epfz;Lt[k; ,jpy; cs;sd. gh!;fu Kdptuhy; bra;ag;gl;lJ jw;nghJ tHf;fj;jpy; cs;sJ.


5) #;nahjp\k; - ,jw;F tpsf;fk; njitapy;iy. thd,ay; vd fUjg;gLfpwJ. thdrh!;j;uKk; ,jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. #;nahjp\j;Jf;F rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ thdtpay;. ,jpy; itjPA fh;khf;fis bra;a ntz;oa fhyk;/ gyd; tprhhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. R{h;ad;/ kw;Wk; f;uA';fisg; gw;wpa fzpj rh!;j;uk; cs;sJ.

6) fy;gk; - ntj';fspy; brhy;Yk; fh;khf;fis "fy;gk;"

brhy;fpwJ. fhj;ahadh;/ Mr;tyhadh;/ nghjhadh; - ,th;fs; mUspa fy;g!@j;u';fs; g[fH; bgw;wit

ml;ltiz-VI – ntjj;jpw;F cgm';fkhf MW hp\pfs; mUspa E]y;fs; tptuk; ,jpy; bfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ.

1. rh';fpak; - $fgpy Kdpth; mUspaJ. 25 jj;t';fs; ,jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. g";r m';f nahfj;jhy;/ "hdj;ij milayhk; vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

2. nahfk; - $gj";ryp Kdpth; ,aw;wpaJ.,tu; ,Ugj;J _d;W E]w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;g[ thH;e;jjhfr;brhy;tu; nahf!&j;uk; vd;fpw Ehiy ,aw;wpapUf;fpwhu; !k;!;f;Ujj;jpw;F kAhgh\;ak; vd;fpw ,yf;fzKk; ,aw;wpapUf;fpwhu; nahfj;jpy;194 !@j;u';fs; cs;sd. kd!;/ cly;/ Mj;kh ,itfis nahfk; bra;J bewpg;gLj;jp gfthDf;F mh;g;gzpg;gijg; gw;wpr; brhy;fpwJ. ,J "nahf!pj;jp" vdg;gLfpwJ. nahf!&j;uj;jpy; 185 gHbkhHpfs; thf;a';fshf cs;sd. ,jpy; ehd;F gpupt[fs; cs;sd mit rkhjp/ !hjdh/ tpg@jp/ ifty;ak; (nkhBk;) vdg;gLk;

3. kPkhk;!k; (g{h;t kPkhk;!k;) - i#kpdp Kdpth; mUspaJ. 12 fhz;l';fs; 60 mj;aha';fs; ntjj;jpy; cs;s jj;t tprhuizfs; ,jpy; cs;sd.

4. kPkhk;!k; (cj;ju kPkhk;!k;) - ,J ntjhe;jk; vdg;gLk;. $tpah! Kdpth; mUspaJ. ,J ntj';fspd; !huk;.


,J "g;UA;k !@j;uk;; " vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLk;. 4 mj;aha';fs; cs;sd. xt;bthU mj;ahaj;Jf;Fk; 4 ghj';fs;. 5/58/191 !@j;u';fs;. $Mjpr';fu gftj;ghjhs; ,jw;F gh\;ak; (ciu) vGjpa[s;shh;. ,J "rhhPuf kPkhk;i!" vdg;gLfpwJ. gftj;$uhkD#hpd; ciu "$gh\;ak;" vdg;gLfpwJ. $kj;thr;rhhpahUk; ciu vGjpapUf;fpwhh;.

5. e;ahak; - ntjj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;litfisf; file;J mjpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lit "e;ahak;" / 537 !@j;u';fs; cs;sd. "e;ahaj;ij" mwpa 16 tHpfisr; brhy;fpwJ

(1) g;ukhzk; (2) g;unkak; (3) !k;rak; (4) g;unah#dk; (5) cjhuzk; (6) rpj;jhe;jk; (7) mtatk; (8) jh;f;fk; (9) eph;zak; (10) thjk; (11) #y;gk; (12) tpjz;lhthjk; (13) nAj;tgh!k; (14) je;j;uk; (15) n#hjp 16) epf;uA!;jhdk;

6. itnr\pfk; - $fzhj Kdpth; mUspaJ. cyfpy; cs;s vy;yhg; bghUs;fspd; Fz Muha;r;rp !k;ge;jkhdJ. ,it MW 1) j;utpak; - ,J 9 gphpt[ - mitahtd - kz;/ #yk;/ nj#!;/ tha[/ Mfhak;/ fhyk;/ jpir/ Mj;kh/ kdk; 2) Fzk; - ,J j;utpaj;Jld; nrh;e;jJ. 24 gphpt[fs; cs;sd. mit %gk; / u!k;/ fe;jk;/ ghprk;/ r';f;ia/ ghpkhzk;/ gphpjy;/ rk;nahfk;/ tpnahfk;/ Kd;dpiy/ gpd;dpiy/ g[j;jp/!@fk;/ Jf;fk;/ j;nt\k;/ Kaw;rp FUj;tk;/ !;neAk;/ rg;jk;/ ntfk;/ jputj;tk;/ tpUg;g[/ btWg;g[/ mlf;fk; - Mf 24. 3) fh;kk; (tpid) 4) rhkhd;ak; (j;ut;ak;/ Fzk; fh;kj;jpny nrUk;. ,J cah;t[/ jhH;t[ vd;W ,uz;L tif) 5) tpnr\k; (filrpahf kPjkhFk; ,uz;L mQf;fspd; epiy) 6) !kthak; (fh;j;jh/ bray;/ mQ/ mz;lk; - ,tw;wpd; Muha;r;rp) -

"Uf;" ntjj;jpypUe;J Ma[h;ntjKk; a#@h; ntjj;jpypUe;J jDh;ntjKk; "!hk" ntjj;jpypUe;J fhd ntjKk;


"mjh;tz" ntjj;jpypUe;J mh;j;j ntjKk; (mh;j;jrh!;;j;uk; - Ml;rpf;fiy) njhd;wpaJ vd;W brhy;th;. ml;ltiz-VII ntjk; - g;ujprhf;fpak; ,tw;wpy; bghJthf ntj cr;rhpg;g[/ re;jp gphpj;jy;/ nrh;j;jy;/ gjk; gphpg;gJ/ nrh;g;gJ/ cjhj;jk;/ mDjhj;jk; - ,tw;wpd;; vz;zpf;if/ !;tu !k;ge;jkhd uA!;a';fs;/ !k;Apijghlk;/ gj !k;Apij/ epakk;/ mjh;t gpujprhifapy; f;ukj;jpd; uf!;ak; !hk ntjgpujprhifapy; g;ur;ny\k;/ tpr;ny\k; t;Uj;jk;/ mt;Uj;jk;/ fjk;/ mfjk;/ cr;rk;/ ePrk;/ f;U\;lk;/ mf;U\;lk;/ !k;f;U\;lk; nghd;w cr;rhuz';fspy; ngj';fs; tpthpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ml;ltiz-IIy; brhy;yg;gl;l cgep\j;Jf;fs; nkhB cghaj;ij brhy;tJ cgep\j;Jf;fs;. fuz fnsgu';fs; vd;W brhy;yg;gLk; ,e;j;hpa';fs; rhPuk; ,it ,y;yhjnghJ #Ptd; ,t;t[gha';fis mD\;of;f ,ayhJ. fuz fnsgu';fisf; bfhLj;J nghf;a nghnfhguz';fisa[k; (mDgtpf;Fk; t!;Jf;fs); Vw;gLj;jp gu!;guk; nrh;f;ifia Vw;gLj;jp mitfSf;F mw;g gyd;fisf; bfhLj;J mitaht[k; mHpgit/ mepj;ak; vd;gij czh;j;jp mtw;wpy; btWg;ig Vw;gLj;jp gukg[U\hh;j;jkhd gfthdpd; jpUtofis mila tHpfis brhy;Yfpwhd; gfthd;. ,e;j tHpfisr; brhy;tJjhd; cgep\j;Jf;fs;. ntj';fspy; xU gFjp g;ukhz';fSld; nrh;j;J vGjg;gl;lJ (ehuhazz cgep\j; - ijj;jphPa cgep\j;jpd; 4tJ ty;yp. ,J f;U\;z a#@h; ntjj;jpy; - ijj;jphPa Muz;afj;jpy; filrp ghfj;jpy; cs;sJ) mDthfk; - gj;Jk; mjw;Ff; Fiwthd g";rhjpfisf; bfhz;lJ.


mDthf';fs; nrh;e;jJ g;ur;dk; (mj;ahak; vd;Wk; brhy;th;) gy g;ur;d';fs; nrh;e;jJ fhz;lk;. (ehuhaz cgep\j;jpy; - Jhh;th !@f;jk; (fhj;ahadp)/ k;Uj;jpfh !@f;jk;/ rj;U#a ke;j;uk;/ mfkh;\z !@f;jk;/ Jh;fh !@f;jk;/ t;ahA;Ujp nAhk ke;j;uk; (Xk;g{:/ Xk;g[t:/ Xk;!@t:) jAu tpj;ia/ ehuhaz !@f;jk;/ gug;uk;k cgh!dk; (R{h;a kz;lyj;jpy;) rpnthgh!d ke;j;uh:/ g{njtp ke;j;uk;/ !e;j;ahte;jd ke;j;u';fs;/ fhaj;hP MthAd ke;j;uk;/ cg!;jhd ke;j;uk;/ nkjh!@f;jk;/ fhnkhfhh;\pj; ke;j;uk;/ itr;t njt ke;j;uk;/ g;uhzhA@jp ke;j;u';fs;/ gujj;t ep%gzk;/ "hda#;"k; kw;Wk; gy cs;sd. Mfhrhj; tha[: thnahuf;dp ,jd; bghUs;:- kf;fSf;F md;dk; g;ujhdk;. ,J xU kUe;J. grpf;F kUe;J. md;dj;ij/ kUe;ijr; rhg;gpLtJ nghy; msnthL rhg;gpl ntz;Lk;. cztpdhy; Md g[w clk;igg;nghy g;uhz rf;jpahy; Md clk;g[ cs;ns cs;sJ. "g;uhzd; " - mjd; jiy: "t;ahdd;" - tyJ gf;fk;/ "mghdd;" - ,lJ gf;fk;: "g[yd;fs;." g;uhzidj; bjhlh;fpd;wd. ,it jtpu kdj;jpdhy; Md clk;g[k; cs;ns ,Uf;fpwJ. "a#@h; ntjk;" ,jd; jiy. "Uf; ntjk;" tyJ gf;fk;. "!hk ntjk;" ,lJ gf;fk;. "mjh;tz ntjk;" fPH;g;gFjpahf Mjhukhf cs;sJ. ,it jtpu g[j;jpahy; Md clk;g[ cs;sJ. "r;uj;ij" ,jd; jiy/ "hpjk;" tyJ gf;fk;/ "rj;ak;" ,lJ gf;fk;/ "kAj;" vd;fpw rf;jp fPH;g;;gFjpapy; Mjhukhf cs;sJ. ,it jtpu g[j;jp / ,J m';Fkp';Fk; Xof;bfhz;oUf;Fk;. "g[j;jp" - njnuhl;o. "kdk;"-Fjpiufs;. g[j;jpapd; Mjhuk; "kAj;". ,J Ie;J clk;iga[k; g;ug";rj;Jld; ,izg;gJ. kdj;ij tpl g[j;jp bghpaJ. Mj;kht[f;F moikahf Ie;J tpjkhd Mj;khf;fs; clk;gpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mit:


(1) md;dka Mj;kh (2) g;uhzka Mj;kh (3) kndhka Mj;kh (4) tpf;"hdka Mj;kh (5) Mde;jka Mj;kh. ,itfl;F Mjhuk; g;uk;kk;. fe;jh;th;fs; El;gkhd rhPuk;/ mUikahd ,e;j;hPa rf;jp gilj;J Mly;/ ghly;fspy; ty;yth;fs;. Kf;a njth;fs; - m\;l tRf;fs;/ Vfhjr Uj;uh;fs;/ j;thjr Mjpj;ah;/ ,e;j;ud;/ g;u#hgjp/ ,e;j;ud; (njtuh#d;) g;UA!;gjp (njtFU) g;u#hgjp (tpuhl; g[U\d;)/ g;uA;kh (Apuz;a fh;g;gd;) gilf;Fk; flt[s;. ,g;go kpf Kf;fpakhdjhf cs;s cgep\j;Jf;fis/ $kj; gftj; fPij/ $g;uA;k !@j;uk; ,itfSld; nrh;j;J "g;u!;jhd j;uak;" vd;W brhy;th;. ,dp xt;bthU cgep\j;jhf kpfr; RUf;fkhfg; ghh;g;nghk;


1 - <rhth!;a cgep\j;

,J FU/ rp\;aDf;F cgnjrk; bra;tijg; nghy mike;Js;sJ. 18 ke;j;u';fs; ,e;j cgep\j;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jd; RUf;fk; -

FU/ rp\;aDf;F cgnjrk;

gfthd; v';Fk; ePf;fkw epiwe;jpUf;fpwhd;. btspg;g[wf; fhl;rpfisf; fz;L ka';fhky;/ cs;ns ,Uf;Fk; gfthid j;ahdk; bra;tjpy; ituhf;ak; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. mnj rkak;/ fh;khf;fisa[k; bra;jy; ntz;Lk;. vy;yhtw;wpYk; t;ahgpj;J/ vy;yhtw;iwa[k; epakpj;J/ vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Mj;khthf gfthd; ,Uf;fpwhd;. Mjyhy; vy;yhnk gfthDf;Fr; rhPuk;. vy;yhf; fy;ahz Fz';fSk; epiwe;jtd; gfthd;. gfthid mila jdpahd fh;knkh/ jdpahd "hdnkh nghjhJ. !j;fu;khf;fisr; bra;J bfhz;nl ,Ue;J/ tpidfisg; nghf;fpf; bfhz;L/ ey;y "hdk; tug;bgw;W nkhBk; mila ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F gf;jp my;yJ g;ugj;jp tHp. ,jpy; 18 ke;j;u';fs; cs;sd. ,e;j 18 ke;j;u';fspd; tpnr\j;ij tpthpg;gJjhd; $kj; gftj; fPijapd; 18 mj;aha';fs;. <rd; th!k; gz;Qfpw tp\aj;ijr; brhy;tjhy; "<rhth!;ak;" vdg;gl;lJ.


2 - nfnehgep\j;J ,J rp\;ad; nfs;tp nfl;Fk; %gkha; mike;Js;sJ. rp\;ad; - kdJ jd; ,\;lg;go r";rhpf;fpwJ. ,g;gona fz;/ fhJ/ thf;F jk;jk; fhh;a';fisr; bra;fpwJ. ,J ahUila fl;lisahy;? Mrhh;ad; - g;uhzDf;Fk; g;uhzdha;/ eP brhd;d vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; rf;jpia mspj;J/ gfthd; ,af;Ffpwhd;. mtd; mDf;uAj;jhny xt;bthU mtatKk;/ ntiy bra;fpwJ. vt;tst[ bjspthf gfthdpd; braiy eP mwpa Kad;whYk;/ xU "jptiy" mst[jhd; bjhpe;J bfhz;ltd; Mtha;. gfthid ehd; ed;F mwpnad; vd;W tzf;fj;Jld; brhy;gtnd/ gfthid mwpe;jtd; Mthd;. njtu;fnsTl gfthid KGikahf mwpe;jtupy;iy. ,jw;F xU cghf;ahdk; (fij) cs;sJ. gfthd; jd;Dila gf;jh;fshd njth;fs; kPJs;s md;gpdhy; m!&uhjpfis b#apf;fpwhd;. Mdhy; njth;fs;/ jh';fns m!&uhjpfis b#apg;gjhf fh;tk; bfhz;ldh;. ,e;jf; fh;tj;ij mHpf;f/ gfthd; jpUt[s;sk; bfhz;lhd;. clnd gug;uk;kk; (gfthd;) aB %gbkLj;J mth;fs; vjphpy; epd;wJ. mth;fSf;F ,J ahbud;W bjhpatpy;;iy. njth;fs;/ mf;dp njtidg; ghh;j;J ,e;j "aBd;" ahbud;W bjhpe;J bfhz;L th vd;whh;fs;/ mf;dp njtd; aBdplk; te;jhd;. aBd; ePh; ahbud;W nfl;f mf;dpnjtd; jd; bgUik vy;yhtw;iwa[k; brhd;dhd;. cd;Dila tPh;ak; vg;gog;gl;lJ vd;W aBd; nfl;f vy;yhtw;iwa[k; xU behoapy; vhpj;J tpLntd; vd;W mf;dp njtd; brhd;dhd;. gug;uk;kk; xU g[y;iy vLj;J vjphpy; itj;J mf;dpiag; ghh;j;J ,ij vhpj;J tpL vd;wJ. mf;dp/ btF Jhpjkhft[k;/ KG Mw;wnyhLk; Kad;Wk; me;jg; g[y;iy vhpf;f Koatpy;iy. ,td; ahbud;W bjhpatpy;iy vd;W mf;dpnjtd; jpUk;gp tpl;lhd;. njth;fs; tha[ njtid aBdplk; mDg;gpdhh;fs;. aBd;/ cd; gyk; vg;gog;gl;lJ


vd;W nfl;f/ tha[njtd;/ ehd; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; vd; Mw;wyhy; J]f;fp vwpe;J tpLntd; vd;whd;. gug;uk;kk; ,e;jg; g[y;iy vLj;Jr; bry; vd;wJ. tha[njtd; jd;Dila rf;jpia vy;yhk; g;unahfpj;Jk; g[y;iy mirf;f Koatpy;iy. tha[njtDk; jpUk;gp tpl;lhd;. ,th;fs; ,UtUk; g{kp/ me;jhpBk;/ !;th;f;fk; vd;w _d;W cyf';fSf;Fk; g;ujhd njtijfs; ,th;fshy; Koatpy;iy. _d;whtJ g;ujhd njtijahd ,e;j;uid njth;fs; mDg;gpdhh;fs;. ,g;nghJ gug;uk;kk; kiwe;J tpl;lJ. ,e;jpud; jpifj;J epd;whd;. mr;rkak; Mfhaj;jpy; !h;thguz g{\pijaha; xU !;j;hP njhd;wpdhs;. mts; ghh;tjp njtp. ,e;j;ud; mtsplk; / "ahh; me;j aBd;?" vd;W nfl;lhd;. ",e;jpund! mJ aBdy;y! gug;uk;kk;. gug;uk;kj;jpd; mDf;uAk; ,y;yhtpoy; c';fshy; xU mQitf; Tl mfw;w KoahJ. c';fs; fh;tj;ij tpl;L gug;uk;kj;jpd; bgUikia czU';fs;! vd;W ghh;tjp brhd;dhs;. ,e;jpud;/ ,e;j cz;ikia vy;yhj; njth;fSf;Fk; vLj;Jr;brhy;yp fh;tj;ij xHpj;jhd;. gug;uk;kk; mde;j fy;ahz Fz';fis cilaJ. ntj/ ntjh';f';fis mj;aadk; bra;J/ !j;a!e;jh;fshf ,Ug;gth;fSf;F g;uA;k#;"hdk; To tUk;. ey;y xGf;fk;/ ,e;j;hpaepf;uAk;/ jg!; cs;sth;fSf;F/ g;uk;ktpj;ia epiyahf ep;w;Fk;. ,e;j tpj;iaiag; bgw;wth;fs;/ gfthd; tPw;wpUf;Fk; cyfpw;Fr;brd;W cah;e;j g[U\hh;j;jj;ij milth; vd;W brhd;dhh;. ,jpy; ehd;F fhz;lk;. "nfe" vd;fpw brhy;iyf;bfhz;L bjhl';Ftjhy; ,J "nfnehgep\j;J" vdg;gl;lJ.


gug;uk;kk; (NamperumAL - SrIrangam) Thanks: SrI Murali BhaTTar


3 - fnlhgep\j;J

,J f;U\;z a#@h; ntjj;jpy; cs;sJ. "flrhif"iar; nrh;e;j cgep\j;. "flh"; vd;gtiur; rhh;e;j rhif flrhif. ,jpy; erpnfj!; cghf;ahdk; cs;sJ. ,J ijj;jphPa g;uhk;kzj;jpYk; (3-11-8) cs;sJ. kAhghujj;jpy; cs;sJ rpwpJ ntWgLk;. ,e;j cgep\j;jpy; "ty;yp" vd;fpw gphpt[fs; MW cs;sd. Kk;_d;whf ,uz;Lmj;aha';fs; cs;sd.

th#r;ut!h; (bfsjkh; vd;Wk; brhy;th;) vd;fpw

kAhp\p jd; brhj;Jf;fis vy;yhk; jBpizahf bfhLj;J xU ahfk; bra;jhh;. kpft[k; taJ Kjph;e;j gRf;fisj; jhdk; bra;a Kw;gl;lnghJ ,th; Fkhuuhd erp nfj!;/ je;ij ,g;goj; jhdk; bra;tjhy; (xd;Wk; cgnahfg;glhj gRf;fis) ,Us; R{H;e;j cyfpy; my;ynth trpf;f nehpLk; vd;fpw jh;k rh!;j;uj;ij czh;e;J mjw;fhf tUe;jp je;ijaplk; jd;idna jhdk; bra;a[k;go xU juj;Jf;F _d;W juk; ntz;odhd;. je;ijf;Ff; nfhgk; te;J "cd;id akDf;Fj; jhdk; gz;Qfpnwd;" vd;W brhd;dhu;. erpnfj!; je;ijapd; thf;ifr; rj;akhf;f aknyhfk; bry;yg; g[wg;gl;lhd;. th#r;ut!h; tUj;jk; nkypl;L/ akd; jd;Dila f;UAj;jpy; ,y;yhj rkakhf ghh;j;J erpnfj!; vd;fpw Fkhuid aknyhfj;Jf;Fr; bry;y mDkjpj;jhh;. mg;gona akDila cyfj;jpy; mtDila f;UAj;Jf;Fr; brd;w erpnfj!;/ akd; f;UAj;jpy; ,y;yhjjhy;/ mtd; tPl;ow;F jpUk;g[k; tiu tPl;L thrypnyna fhj;jpUe;jhd;. _d;W ehl;fs; md;d/ Mfhukpd;wp gl;odpa[ld; fhj;jpUe;jhd; akd; te;jJk; mjpjpahd g;uhk;kzr; rpWtd; gl;odpa[ld; ,Ug;gij mwpe;J mjw;F gpuhar;rpj;jkhf _d;W tu';fis bfhLg;gjhft[k;/ tu';fis nfl;f ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;/ erpnfji!f; nfl;Lf; bfhz;lhd;.

erp nfj!; nfl;l Kjy; tuk; - jd;Dila je;ij Jauk;

eP';fp jd;id mDf;uApf;f ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;/ 2tJ tukhf tnahjpfk;/ kuzk; ,it ,y;yhj !;th;f;fkhd nkhBj;ij


mila/ mf;dp tp\akhf nAhkj;ijr; bra;a[k; tpjj;ijr; brhy;y ntz;Lk; vd;W nfl;lhd;.

,e;j ,uz;L tu';fSk; akdhy; mUsg;gl;ld. _d;whtJ tukhf ,we;jtDila cz;ik epiyia/ Mj;k jj;Jtj;ijr; brhy;YkhW nfl;lhd;. akd; ,e;j tptuj;ij clnd brhy;yhky; gytpj';fspy; erpnfj!;i!/ ghPiB bra;Jtpl;L gpwF brhd;dhd;.

"#Pthj;kh" gpwg;g[/ ,wg;g[ mw;wtd;. cly; mHpa[nk jtpu #Pthj;kh mHpahJ. #Pthj;kh/ gukhj;kh ,UtUk; A;Ujaj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. #Pthj;kht[f;F clk;g[-xU ujk;. g[j;jp - !hujp. kdJ - fothsk;. g[yd;fs; - Fjpiufs;. tp\a';fs; - mtw;wpd; g[y';fs;. ,tw;iwf; bfhz;L #Ptd;/ RfJf;f';fis mDgtpf;fpwhd;. mwpt[s;std; ,tw;iw jf;fthW gad;gLj;jp gfthid milfpwhd;. gukhj;khit miltnj "r;nua!;".

"A;Ujaj;jpy; gfthid cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;" (Malayappa Swamy - Thanks: SrI Ramakrishna Deekshitulu archakam)


A;Ujaj;jpy; gfthid cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;. nth; nkyhft[k;/ fpisfs; fPHhft[k;/ cs;s ,e;j !k;!huk; vd;fpw kuj;jpy;/ vy;yhk; gfthdpd; ,\;lg;go elf;fpwJ. fz;zhy; fhzKoahj gfthid kdj;jpdhy; fhz/ nahfj;jpy; epiy bgw ntz;Lk;. gytif ehofSk; jiyapy; cs;s "!&\&k;eh" eho tHpahfr;bry;y mg;nghJ #PtDk; brd;W gfthdpd; ,Ug;gplk; brd;W tps';Fthd;. gfthid cgh!pj;J mtDf;F moikahf gukgjj;jpy; !@fhDgtk; bgw;W thH;thd; vd;W akd; brhy;yp Koj;jhd;. fnlhgep\j;jpy; kpf tptukhf ,J brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.


4 - gpur;ndhgep\j;J

,jpy; 6 g;ur;d';fs;. "g;ur;dk;" vd;why; nfs;tp. xt;bthU g;ur;dKk; xU kAhp\papd; nfs;tpahf mike;J mjw;fhd gjpiy tpsf;FfpwJ. !@nfrh;/ irg;ah;/ b!sh;ahazp/ bfs!y;ah;/ ghh;f;fth;/ fge;jp vd;W MW hp\pfSk;/ gpg;gyhj kAhp\pia mQfp/ xU tUl fhyk; jg!;/ g;uk;kr;rh;ak;/ r;uj;ij ,itfSld; ,Ue;J kAhp\paplk;; nfs;tpfs; nfl;Lj; bjspt[ bgWfpd;wdh;. xt;bthU hp\papd; nfs;tpa[k;/ kAhp\papd; gjpYk; RUf;fkhfj; jug;gLfpwJ. Kjypy; fge;jp - g;ui#fs; v';fpUe;J gpwf;fpd;wd? gpg;gyhjh; - g;u#hgjpahdth;/ g;ui#fis r;U\;of;f vz;zp/ "uap"/ "g;uhzd;" vd;w ,uz;ila[k; r;U\;oj;jhh;. "g;uhzd;" vd;gJ #Pt!k\;o. "uap" vd;gJ mjw;F clyhf ,Uf;fpd;w g;uf;Ujp. !;U\;of;Fk; gfthnd/ !k;tj;!uk;/ kh!k;/ ehs; vd;W fhy%gkhf ,Uf;fpwhd;. jBpzhadj;jpd; thapyhf rpy g;ui#fs; re;jpunyhfk; (!;th;f;fk;) brd;W gyid mDgtpj;J jpUk;g[fpd;wdh; (kWgoa[k; gpwtp) ,th;fs; fh;khD\;lhdj;jpnyna nehf;fk; cs;sth;fs;. tpj;iaia mD\;oj;J Mj;khit mwpe;jth; cj;juhazk; thapyhf R{h;a kz;lyk; brd;W kWgoa[k; jpUk;gkhl;lhh;fs;. j;hpfuz Rj;jpa[k;/ jg!;!@k;/ g;uA;krh;aKk; cs;sth;fSf;F g;uf;Ujp kz;lyj;Jf;F nknya[s;sJ g;uA;knyhfk;. 2 - ghh;f;fth; nfl;gJ - g;ui#fspd; clk;igj; jh';Fgth; vth;? g;ufhrg;gLj;Jfpwth; vth;? ,th;fspy; ahh; rpwe;jth;? gpg;gyhjh; gjpy; - g";rg{j';fSk;/ ,e;jphpa';fSk; clk;igj; jh';Ffpd;wd. ,jpy; g;uhztha[ rpwe;jJ. ,ij ep%gpj;Jk; g;uhz tha[ kw;w ,e;j;hpa';fSf;F czh;j;jpaJ. thf;F/ fz;/ kdR/ fhJ nghd;wit. g;uhzidg; gythW g[fH;e;jd. (,e;j !;njhj;uk; ,';F tptukhfr;


brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. jtput[k; 12 g;uhz tpj;ia vd;fpw jiyg;gpy; cs;stw;iwa[k; ghh;f;f). 3 - bfsry;ahpd; nfs;tp - ,e;j g;uhztha[ v';fpUe;J gpwf;fpwJ? vg;go clypy; te;J nrUfpwJ? vt;thW jd;idg; gphpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ? ve;j tHpahf btspna fpsk;g[fpwJ? clYf;F cs;nsa[k;/ btspnaa[k; vg;go ,Ue;J tUfpwJ? gpg;gyhjh; gjpy; - gukhj;khtplkpUe;J (gfthd;) g;uhz tha[ gpwf;fpwJ. xt;bthUth; cUtj;jpw;Fk; epHy; ,Ug;gijg; nghy/ #Ptdpd; clypy; nrh;e;J( g;untrpj;J) kdRk; kw;w ,e;j;hpa';fSk; gpupahjgo ,Uf;fpwJ. Kfghtj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. A;;Ujaj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhft[k; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. fPH; ,e;j;hpa !;jhdj;jpy; "mghdd;" vd;fpw bgahpYk;/ A;Uja ehoj;Jog;gpy; "t;ahdd;" vd;fpw bgahpYk;/ ghg g[z;a gyd; bgWk; ehoapy; - "cjhdd;" vd;fpw bgahpYk;/ tapw;wpy; mf;dpahf "!khdd;" vd;fpw bgahpYk;/ g;uhz tha[ trpf;fpwJ. fPH;,e;jPhpa !;jhdk; - mghdd; - R{h;ad; tapw;wpy; - !khdd; - g{kp A;Ujaj;jpy; t;ahdd; - Mfhak; g[z;a/ ghg ehoj;Jog;gpy; - cjhdd; - tha[ Kf;a g;uhzd; - nj#!; ,g;go g";rg{j';fSf;F rk;ge;jg;gLj;Jth;. (mjdhy;jhd; Mfhuk; cl;bfhs;Sk; Kd;ghf g;uhzhA@jp vd;W g;uhzha!;thAh/ mgheha!;thAh/ t;aheha!;thAh/ cjhdha!;thAh/ !kheha!;thAh/ g;uk;A;knz!;thAh... vd;W Jsp rhjk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;L


gy;ypy; glhky; xt;bthU ke;j;uj;ija[k; brhy;yp rhg;gpLfpnwhk;). 4. b!sh;ahazp Kdpth; - J]';Fk;nghJ clypy; vit ntiy bra;fpd;wd? vit ntiy bra;ahky; cs;sd? !;tg;dk; fhz;gJ vg;go? vjw;F Rfk; cz;lhfpwJ? vy;yhk; v';nf j';fp epw;fpd;wd? gpg;gyhjh; - cw';Fk;nghJ vy;yh ,e;j;hpa';fSk; kdj;jpy; yapf;fpd;wd. mg;nghJ g;uhz/ mghd/ tha[f;fs; ntiy bra;fpd;wd. mg;nghJ g;uhzd; (#Ptd; vd;W bghUs; bfhs;f)/ kdir clypnyna gug;uk;kk; cs;s ,lj;jpw;F bfhz;L bry;fpwJ. mg;nghJ tHpapy; fz;lJ/ nfl;lJ/ vg;nghnjh mDgtpj;jJ/ mDgtpf;fhjJ/ ,Ug;gJ/ ,y;yhjJ vy;yhk; !;tg;dj;jpy; - !;tg;d mDgtj;jpy; tUfpwJ. nj#!; (guhkhj;kh)!pdhy; jhf;fk; Vw;gl;L !;tg;dKk; ngha; Rfj;ij #Ptd; mDgtpf;fpwJ. vy;yhk; ,g;go jd;dplj;jpy; yapj;J ,Uf;Fk;nghJ #Ptd;/ gukhj;khtplk; j';fp epw;fpwhd;. ,g;go cghrpg;gtd; vy;yhtw;iwa[k ;mwpe;jtd; Mthd;. 5 - irg;ahpd; nfs;tp - g;uztj;ij rhFk;tiu cgh!pg;gtd; bgWk; cyfk; vJ? gpg;gyhjh; gjpy; - xw;iw khj;iu cs;s g;uztj;ij cgh!pg;gtd; jg!;/ g;uA;kr;rhpak;/ M!;jpf;ak;/ vd;w bry;t';fSld; cah;e;jij mDgtpg;ghd;. ,uz;L khj;jpiu cs;s g;uztj;ij cgh!pg;gtd; !;th;f;f nyhfk; tiu (re;jpu nyhfk;) brd;W ey;y mDgt';fis mDgtpj;J jpUk;g[thd;. _d;W khj;iu bfhz;l g;uztj;jpdhny/ gukhd g;uA;kj;ij cghrpg;gtd;/ vy;yh ghgKk; ngha; gaj;ija[k; nghf;Ffpd;w gukg[U\id fz;zhny fhz;ghd;. 6 - !@nfrh; nfs;tp - n\hlrfy g[U\d; ahh;? v';F cs;shd;?


gpg;gyhjh; gjpy; - gjpdhW fiyfSf;F g[U\d; ,e;j clypnyna ,Uf;fpwhd;. rpe;jid bra;J g;uhzd;/ r;uj;ij/ 5 g{j';fs;/ ,e;j;hpak;/ kiH/ md;dk;/ tPh;ak;/ jg!;/ ke;j;uk;/ fh;kk;/ gyd;/ ngh; vd;fpw gjpdhiwa[k; mikj;Jf; bfhz;lhy; ,e;j #PtDf;Fk; nkyhdtd; g;uk;kk; - gukhj;kh vd;W mwpthd;. 16 fiyfSk; #Ptdplk; ml';fpa[s;sd. ,g;go mwpe;jtDf;F k;Uj;a[ gak; ,y;iy. bghJthf g;uhz tha[ Kf!;jhdk; vd;Wk;/ ,Jnt fPH; ,e;jphPa !;jhdj;jpy; mghd tha[ (mghdd;)/ tapw;wpy; mf;dp ,Uf;Fkplj;jpy; !khdd;/ Mj;khtpd; ,Ug;gplkhd A;Ujaj;jpy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd ehofspy; t;ahdd;/ g[z;aj;jpdhy; bgwg;gLk; g[z;a nyhfk;/ ghtj;jpd; gydhf bgwg;gLk; ghg nyhfk;/ ,U tpidfspd; gadhf kdpj cyfj;ija[k; bgw tHpahf cs;s ehofspy; cjhdd; vd;Wk; g;uhz tha[ jd;id gphpj;Jf; bfhz;L ,a';Ftjhf brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.


5 - Kz; lnfhgep\j;J

g;uA;kh/ vy;yh tpj;iafSf;Fk; Mjhukhd "g;uA;k tpj;ia"ia/ jd; _j;j Fkhuuhd mjh;th; vd;gtUf;F cgnjrpj;jhh;. ,e;j tpj;ia m';fPh;/ ghuj;th#h;/ !j;athAh; tHpahf "m';fpu!@f;F" te;jJ. brsefh; vd;fpw hp\p m';fpui! mQfp "vij mwpe;jhy; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; mwpe;jjhFk;?" vd nfl;lhh;. mjw;Fhpa tpsf;fk; jhd; Kz;lnfhgep\j;J.

giu/ mgiu vd;fpw ,uz;L tpj;iafis mwpa ntz;Lk;. mgiu vd;gJ ntj';fSk; mtw;wpd; m';f';fs; cgh';f';fs;. ,tw;iw mh;j;jj;Jld; mj;aadk; bra;J milag;gLk; bjspthd g;uA;k "hdnk mgu tpj;ia (cyf thH;f;iff;F gad;gLk; gytifahd fy;tpfisr; brhy;tJ vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ).

"giu" - vd;gJ mHpnt ,y;yhj gug;uA;kj;ijg; bgw tHpahf cs;s !hBhj;fhuk;. ,J #;"hdpfSf;F chpaJ. g;uA;kj;jpw;F cjhuzkhfr; brhy;y ntz;Lk; vd;why;/ jd; j;nufj;jpypUe;J E]y; cz;lhf;fp mjdhy; TL xd;W bra;J mjpy; ,Uf;Fk; "Cf;zehgp" vd;fpw rpye;jpg; g{r;rpna. epj;a fh;khf;fis tplhky; bra;jhy; g;uA;k nyhfk; tiuapYs;s gyd;fs; vy;yhk; fh;kk; bra;tjhnyna te;J nrUk;. gukg[U\d; - gfthd; vd;W mwpe;J mD\;lhdguh;fshf ,Ug;gth;fs; !@h;a kz;lyk; tHpahf gfthdpd; cyfj;ij milth;. fhk;a';fis tpl;L/ epj;a fh;khf;fis tplhky; bra;J ntj ntjhe;j "hdKs;s FUit mile;J mth; _yk; g;uA;kj;ij mwpa ntz;Lk;.

g;uztk; vd;fpw tpy;ypy; #Pthj;kh vd;fpw mk;ig cgh!idahy; Th;ikahf;fp tpy;ypy; bjhLj;J/ g;uA;kk; vd;w ,yf;fpy; va;a ntz;Lk;. ,Jjhd; nkhBj;jpw;F cghak;. ,g;gog;gl;l nkhB uh#;aj;jpw;F cupatdhd gfthd; A;Ujaj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpwhd;. ,ij mwpe;jtd; j;nt\k;/ tpidfs; vJt[k; ,y;yhjtdhf Mfpwhd;.


cly; xU t;UBk;. ,jpy; ,uz;L gBpfs; cs;sd. xd;W t;UBj;jpy; cs;s gH';fis rhg;gpLfpwJ. ,d;bdhU gBp vJt[k; rhg;gplhky; xspa[ld; cs;sJ. fh;khD\;lhdd; g;uA;k tpj;ij bra;aj; jFe;jtd;. g;uA;k tpj;ijia mDrhpg;gtid Muhjpg;gtDf;F !h;t nyhfKk; gad;.

$gh\;aj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;l tpntfk;/ tpnkhfk;/ mg;ah!k;/ f;hpia/ fy;ahzk;/ mdt!hjk;/ mDj;;jh;\k; Mfpa VGk; ntz;Lk;.

1) tpntfk; - rh!;j;u rk;ge;jkhd Rj;jkhd MAhuj;ij vLj;Jf; bfhz;L thH;jy;. 2) tpnkhfk; - gw;ww;W ,Ug;gJ. 3) mg;ah!k; -gf;jpf;F ,yf;fhd gfthidna rpe;jid bra;tJ. 4) f;hpia - itjPf fh;khD\;lhdk;. 5) fy;ahzk;- rj;ak;/ Kf;fuz';fSld; (kndh/ thf;F/ fhak;) xj;jpUg;gJ. jia - ed;bfhil/ mApk;ir - gpwUf;F Jd;gk; epidf;fhik vd;gd. 6) mdt!hjk; - nrhh;tpy;yhky; ,Ug;gJ. 7) mDj;jh;\k; - mjpf kfpH;r;rpf;F Mshfhky; ,Uj;jy;. gf;jp nahfk; bra;a ,it vy;yhKk; ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; gfthid milayhk;.

,e;j cgep\j; _d;W gphpthf cs;sJ. xt;bthU gphptpYk; ,uz;L fz;l';fs;.

bghJ - ntjKk; cgep\j;Jk; f';if. gh";ruhj;u E]y; -aKid. MH;thh; mUspr; bray;fs; - ru!;tjp ejpiag;


nghy. Mf tprp\;lhj;itjk; j;hpntzp it\;ztk; vdg;gLfpwJ.


6 - khz;^f;nahgep\j;J MW fz;l';fs;. ,J g;uztj;jpy; cs;s mBu';fisg; gphpj;Jr; bra;ag;gLk; cgh!ej;ijg gw;wpr; brhy;fpwJ. ,e;j mBu';fis itr;theud;/ ij#!d;/ g;uh#;"d; - vd;wpg;go cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;. #PtDf;F tpHpg;g[/ !;tg;ek;/ cwf;fk;/ nkhBk; vd;W ehd;F epiyfs; cs;sd. xt;bthU epiyf;Fk; xU _h;j;jp. ,k;_h;j;jp !;U\;o/ !;jpjp/ t;ahghu';fSf;Ff; fhuzd;. rhe;jkhf ,Ug;gJ ehd;fhtJ _h;j;jp. mJnt Mj;kh. itr;theud; - mepUj;jida[k;/ ij#!d; - g;uj;a[k;eida[k;/ g;uh#;"d; - !';fh;\zida[k;/ JhPad; - th!@njtida[k; Fwpf;Fk;. (cgep\j; gh\;afhuh;/ g;uA;k!@j;uj;jpy; cgayp';f mjpfuzj;jpy; tptuk; cs;sJ).

#Ptdpd; _h;j;jp t;a{Ak; Fz';fs;

epiy

tpHpg;g[ itr;theud; mepUj;jd; rf;jp/nj#!; -

(#hf;ue; _h;j;jp) uBzk; - mwpt[

!;tg;dk; ij#!d; g;Uj;a[k;dd; Ir;th;ak;/

(!;tg;d_h;j;jp) tPh;ak;/

!;U\;o/ jh;kk;

cwf;fk; g;uh#;"d; !';fh;\zd; f;"hdk;/ gyk;

(!&\&g;j !k;Ahuk;

_h;j;jp) rh!;j;ug;urhuk;

nkhBk; thRnjtd; th!@njtd;

(_h;r;rh_h;j;jp) ****

****Kjy; t;a{Ak; - th!@njtd; vd;Wk;/ bkhj;jk; ehd;F t;a{A';fs; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. _yth!@njtid - guth!@njtd; vd;Wk;/ ,e;j Kjy; t;a{A th!@njtid t;a{A th!@njtd; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. t;a{A th!@njtd; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; bghJ.


tpHpj;jpUg;gtd; - vy;yhtw;iwa[k; bra;fpwhd;. !;tg;dj;jpy; clypd;; bray; ,y;iy. #Ptd; bra;a[k; j;ahdj;jpYk; ehd;F epiy:

1) btsptp\a';fspny <Lgl;Lf; bfhz;nl gfthid rpe;jpj;jy; - #hf;uj; j;ahdk;

2) btsp tp\a';fs; ,y;yhky;/ kd!; kl;Lk; btsptp\a';fspy; gw;iwtplhky;------gftj;rpe;jid -----!;tg;e j;ahdk; 3) btspth!idnahLkl;Lk; fyg;g[z;l rpe;jid------ !&\&g;jp j;ahdk; 4) vy;yhKk; tpyf gftj; j;ahdk; kl;Lnk ,Ug;gJ---- _u;r;rh j;ahdk;

gfthdpd; yPyh tpg{jpapy; (cyf';fisbay;yhk;/ #Ptd;fis vy;yhk; gilj;Jf; fhj;J mHpf;Fk; tpisahl;oy;) !;U\;o/ !;jpjp !k;Ahu';fspy; th!@njt _h;j;jpaplkpUe;J !';fh;\d _h;j;jp/ mjdpd;W g;uj;a[k;d _h;j;jp/ mjdpd;W mepUj;j _h;j;jp njhd;WfpwJ. !';fh;\zd; - #Ptjj;Jtj;jpw;F mgpkhdp. g;uj;a[k;dd; - kd!;!@f;F mgpkhdp. mepUj;jd; mA';fhuj;jpw;F mgpkhdp. nkhB Mira[s;sth;fs; Kjypy; mepUj;jd;/ gpwF g;uj;a[k;dd;/ gpwF !';fh;\zd; mjd; gpwF th!@njt cgh!dk; bra;a ntz;Lk;. g;uztj;jpw;F t;a{A _h;j;jp tp\akhf tpthpj;Jr; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. mjh;t ntjj;ijr; nrh;e;j gpg;gyhj rhifapy; cs;s g;ur;ndhgep\j;J/ Kz;lf rhifapy; cs;s Kz;lnfhgep\j;J/ kz;^f rhifapy; cs;s khz;^f;a cgep\j;J ,it gpu!pj;jp bgw;wit. bghJ: Mj;khtpd; gj';fs; ehd;F. itr;theud;/ ij#!d;/ g;uh#;"d;/ JhPad;. #PtDila ehd;F mt!;ijfs; tpHpg;g[/ !;tg;dk;/ !@\@g;jp nkhBk;. ,e;j ehd;F mt!;ijfis


(epiyfis) eph;tApg;gJ ehd;F _h;j;jpfs; vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.


7. ijj;jphPnahgep\j;J

fpU\;z a#@h;ntjk; - ijj;jphPa rhif - Muz;afj;jpy; Ie;jhtJ/ MwhtJ g;ur;dk; vd;gjhf ijj;jphPnahgep\j;J cs;sJ.

Ie;jhtJ (Kjy; g;ur;dk;) - rPBhty;yp/ Mde;j ty;yp vd;fpw g;uA;k ty;yp/ g;UF ty;yp vd;W _d;W gphpt[fs;.

Ie;jhtJ/ MwhtJ g;ur;d';fs;/ !hk;APjp cgep\j;/ thUzP cgep\j; / ah#;"pfP cgep\j; vd;Wk; _d;whf gphpg;gh;. rPBhty;ypf;F !hk;ApjP cgep\j; vd;Wk;/ Mde;j ty;ypa[k;/ g;UFty;ypa[k; - Mde;jkakhd g;uA;k tpj;ijiar; brhy;tjhy; i!\h/ ghh;ftP/ thUzP tpj;ah vd;W brhy;yg;gl;ljw;F ,z';f thUzP cgep\j; vd;Wk; ehuhaz cgep\j; - ah#;"fP cgep\j; vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ .

ntjh';f';fspy; Twg;gLk; rpiBiar; brhy;tjhy;/ rPBhty;yp vd;Wk;/ Mee;jka tpj;iaiar; brhy;tjhy; Mde;j ty;yp vd;Wk;/ "g;uA;ktpj; Mg;nehjpguk;....." vd;w g;uA;krg;jj; bjhlf;fj;jhny "g;uA;kty;yp" vd;Wk; brhy;th;. ,J thUzP cgep\j;jpd; Kd; gFjp. gpd; gFjpahdJ g;UFt[f;F mth; gpjhthd tUzd; cgnjrpj;jJ g;UFty;yp.

af;"d; vd;fpw ehuhazd; vd;fpw kAhp\pahy; !hBhj;fupf;fg;gl;oUg;gjhy;/ "ah#;"fP" vd;Wk;/ ehuhaz cgep\j; vd;Wk; brhy;th;. ehuhazhEthfk; eLehafkhf ,jpy; cs;sJ. gfthd; ehuhazida[k;;/ mtid Muhjpf;Fk; Kiwiaa[k; brhy;fpwJ. ,J Kf;akhdJ. rPBhty;yp

ntjj;jpw;F m';fkhdit MW. mtw;wpy; xd;W rpiB. ,jpy; th;zk;/ !;tuk;/ A;u!;tjPh;f;fhjp khj;iu. cr;rhpg;g[f;F


ntz;oa g;uaj;d gyk; (typik) !hk!k;Apij vdg;gLk; !e;jhdk; - ,itfs; ,jpy; cs;sd. !k;Apij vd;gJ ,izg;g[/ ,izg;gjw;F ,uz;L ntz;Lk;. g{h;t %gk;/ cj;ju %gk;/ !e;jp/ !e;jhdk; vd;w ehd;F t!;Jf;fspy; nyhfk;/ n#hjp/ tpj;ah/ g;ui#/ rhhPuk; ,it !k;ge;jkhfr; brhy;yp ,tw;iwr; brhy;gtUf;F kf;fs;/ gRf;fs;/ ntjhh;j;j#;"hdk;/ md;dk;/ !;th;f;fk; nghd;w gyd;fs; brhy;yg;gl;lJ. g;uztj;ijr; brhy;yp/ mjdhy; mwpt[/ Mnuhf;ak;/ ngRk; Mw;wy;/ fhJf;F td;ik ntz;lg;gl;lJ. g{:/ g[t:/ !@t: vd;w _d;W t;ahA;Ujpfs;. mj;Jld; "kA" nrh;j;J ehd;F cgh!d';fs; brhy;yg;gl;lJ. cgh!d gydhf/ gfthidj; jpahdpj;J A;Uja eho _yk; rpurpy; fghyj;ij gpse;;J mf;dpnyhfk;/ tha[nyhfk;/ Nh;a nyhfk; ,tw;wpy; j';fp g;uA;kj;jplk; nrh;e;J nguhde;jj;ij mDgtpg;gJ brhy;yg;gl;lJ. gpwF g';f;jp/ Ie;J Ie;jhf brhy;yg;gl;lJ. Jh;f;Fz';fis xHpj;J !j;t Fzj;ij tsh;j;J jg!; bra;jy; - "e;ah!k;" vd;fpw jg!; brhy;yg;gl;lJ. Kf;akhf ntjuA!;ak; brhy;yg;gl;lJ. Mee;jty;yp

gfthdplkpUe;J g";rg{j';fSk; X\jpfSk;/ md;dKk;/ md;dj;jpd; _yk; clYk; gpwf;fpd;wd. vy;yhUk; md;dj;jhy; ngh\pf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;. md;dk; cah;e;jJ. md;dka clypy;/ g;uhzka Mj;kh. ,jw;F g;uhzd; jiy; t;ahdd; tyg;gf;fk;; mghdd; ,lg;gf;fk;; tha[ eLt[ly;; g{kp Mjhuk;; g;uhznd g;uA;kk;.

,jw;F nky; kndhkak;. a#@h;ntj rpe;jdk; jiy;

Uf;ntj rpe;jdk; tyg;gf;fk;; !hkntj rpe;jdk; ,lg;gf;fk;; Mrhh;ah;fspd; Mf;i" eLt[ly;; mjh;t ntj rpe;jdk; Mjhuk;. ,g;go cgh!pg;gjhy; kdjpw;F vl;lhj nguhde;jk; fpilf;Fk;. ,jw;F nky; tp";"hdkak;. #Ptd; ,jw;F (mwpt[fs; rf;jp - mtat';fs;. r;uj;ij. mepj;a t!;Jtpd; mEgtk;/ epj;a t!;Jtpd; mEgtk;. nahfk;/ rf;jp -


mtat';fs;) ,g;go cgh!pj;jhy; clypypUe;J btspna tUk;nghJ vy;yh ghg';fisa[k; nghf;fp vy;yhtw;iwa[k; milayhk;.

,jw;F nky; Mde;jkak;. g;hpak; - jiy; nkhjk; - tyg;gf;fk;; g;unkhjk; - ,lg;gf;fk; ; Mde;jk; - eLt[ly; ; g;uA;kk; - Mjhuk;. rpwe;j !&fmDgtk;. ,ij ,g;go cgh!pg;gtd; bgWk; Mde;jk; mstpl ,ayhjJ . khD\ Mde;jk; - ey;y Mnuhf;aj;Jld;/ a[ththa; ,Uf;Fk;nghJ rp\;ah;fSf;F ed;F cgnjrpj;Jr; bry;tj;Jld; ,Uf;Fk;nghJ bgWk; Mde;jk;. ,ijg; nghy; E]W kl';F - kD\;a fe;jh;th;fspd; Mde;jk;. njtfe;jh;th;fs;/ gpj;Uf;fs;/ njtnyhf thrpfs;/ ,e;j;ud;/ g;UA!;gjp/ g;uA;kh tiu Mde;jj;ij E]W E]whfg; bgUf;fp rJh;Kfhee;jk; E]W bfhz;lJ/ gug;uA;kj;jpd; Mde;jk; vd;W brhy;fpwJ. ,t;tsthf nkhBk; mile;J/ gug;uA;kj;ij miltJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. g;UFty;yP tUzh; - jd; Fkhudhd g;UFt[f;F brhd;dJ.

g;uA;kk; vd;gJ md;dk;/ g;uhzd;/ fz;/ _f;F/ kd!;/ thf;F/ gpwF !;U\;o/ !;jpjp/ yak; ,g;go cgh!pg;gJ - ,Jjhd; g;uA;kk; vd;whh;. filrpapy; gpjhtpd; cgnjrg;go jg!; bra;J Mde;jkank g;uA;kk; vd;W g;UF bjspe;jhd;. ,jpy; "tprp\;lhj;itj";g;go nkhBk; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ (,J ,';F tphpf;fpd; bgUFk;).


,uz;lhk; g;ur;dk; - ehuhanzhgep\j;J

jpUg;ghw;flypYk;/ R{h;a kz;lyj;jpYk;/ gukgjj;jpYk; cs;std;. !h;te;jh;ahkp. vy;yhtw;iwa[k; gilj;J/ fhj;J/ mHpg;gtd;. vy;yhtw;wpYk; Muhjpf;fg;gLgtd; vd;W gythwhf Jjpf;fpwJ ehuhanzhgep\j;J.

jpUg;ghw;flypYk;/ R{h;a kz;lyj;jpYk;/ gukgjj;jpYk; cs;s !h;te;jh;ahkp

(Malayappa Swamy - Thanks: SrI Ramakrishna Deekshitulu archakam) ,jpy; mf;dp/ Uj;ud;/ tpehafh;/ fUld;/ Jh;f;if/

ehuhazd; ,th;fisg; gw;wpa ke;j;u';fs; cs;sd. mfkh;\d !@f;jk; - !;ehdk; bra;a[k; Kiw/ mgpfkd fhyk; tiu bra;git brhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. g;uk;nkhgh!dk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. kJ!@f;jk; f;Uj!@f;jk; cs;sJ. !hj;tpf j;ahfk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. jAu tpj;ia/ nkhB tpj;ia/ gu tpj;iafshny cghrpf;fg;gLgtd; vd;fpwJ. !@h;a kz;lyj;jpny gfthid cghrpf;Fk; tpjk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. cghjhd fhy tptuk;/ Muhjdk; ,itfs; nfho fhl;LfpwJ. Apuz;a fh;g;g !@f;jk;/ nkjh !@f;jk;/


j;hp!@gh;z g;uA;k !@f;jk; ,jpy; cs;sd. !d;ah!/ nAhk ke;j;u';fs; brhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. !j;ak;/ jg!;/ jkk;/ rkk;/ jhdk;/ jh;kk;/ gpu#edk;/ mf;dp/ mf;dpnAhj;uk;/ a#;"k;/ khe!k; ,itfisr; brhy;yp filrpahf "e;ah!j;ij"r;;; brhy;fpwJ. ,Jnt g;ugj;jp. g;ugj;jp bra;J bfhs;gtd; kPz;Lk; gpwg;gjpy;iy. g;uztj;ijf; bfhz;L #Ptid gfthdplk; rkh;g;gpf;Fk; njt uA!;ak; vd;gJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. ijj;jphpnahgep\j;jpy; cs;s "kAh ehuhanzhgep\j;J" gu jj;Jtj;ijr; brhy;fpwJ. bghJ - ,jw;F ,uz;L g;ur;d';fs;. Kjy; g;ur;dj;jpy; rPBhty;yp/ g;UFty;yp/ Mde;jty;yp. ,uz;lhtJ g;ur;dj;jpy; ah#;"pfp cgep\j;. ijj;jphpnahgep\j; ,J _d;whf cs;sJ. (1) !hk;Apjp cgep\j; (rPBhty;yp)/ (2) thUzp cgep\j; (g;UA;k ty;yp/ Mde;j ty;yp) (3) ah#;"pfp cgep\j; (g;UFty;yp)

gutpj;ahtpd; m';fk; - g{h;/ g[t!;/ !@t: vd;fpw t;ahA;Ujp j;uak; (g{h;/ g[t:/ !@t: - _d;W) ehyhtJ t;ahA;Ujp - kA: ehyhtJ t;ahA;Ujp - Kjy; _d;W t;ahA;Ujpf;F rhPuk;. ,e;j rhPuj;jpw;F Mj;kh gug;UA;kk;. ,jw;F "t;ahA;Uj; cghrid" vd;W bgah;. ,ijr; bra;gtDf;F "g;uA;k tpj;ia" !pj;jpf;fpwJ.

cgh!dh g{ g[t: !@t: kA: 1. nyhnfhgh!dh cyfk; me;jhpBk; !;th;f;fk; Mjpj;ad;2. njtnjhgh!dh mf;dp tha[ Mjpj;ad; re;j;ud; 3. ntnjhgh!dh Uf; !hkk; a#@h; g;uA;k

(g;uztk;)4. g;uhnzhg!dh g;uhzd; mghdd; t;ahdd; md;dk;


,g;go g;uA;k tpj;ia !pj;jpf;Fk; cgh!fd; jdJ A;Ujahfhrj;jpy; cs;s mHfpa/ mHptw;w xU g[U\id cghrpj;J thapDs;/ mo ehf;fpd; nkny jhYif vdg;gLk;. eLtpy;/ gRtpd; fhk;g[ nghy; bjh';Fk; xUtif khkpr gpz;lj;jpd; cs; tHpahfr; brd;W/ jiyapd; nuhk nth;fis mile;J/ gpd; kz;ilnahl;il tpyf;fpf; bfhz;Lr; bry;Yk; !@\@k;dh vd;fpw ehoapd; tHpahf mf;dp/ tha[/ kw;Wk; Mjpj;a nyhf';fis mile;J/ g;uA;kj;ij mile;J/ fh;k ge;jAPdd; Mifahny mg;uhf;Uj rhPu ,e;j;hpa';fis jd; tpUg;gg;go bgw;W/ epj;a !@hpfs; mDgtpf;Fk;; vy;iyapy;yh nguhde;jj;ij mDgtpf;fpwhd;.

ijj;jphPa ehuhaz cgep\j;

,g;nghJ elg;gJ/ !;ntjtuhA fy;gk;. ,J Koe;jJk; iekpj;jpA g;usak;. mg;nghJ !@h;a kz;lyk; ehrk;. xU t!;Jit mwpa ntz;oa #;"hdk; - jh;k g{j #;"hdk; vdg;gLk;. epj;a Kf;jh;fSf;F ,J mstpy;yhjJ. ghgj;ij nghf;ff;Toa tUzDf;F "mfkh;\zd;" vd;W bgah;. mfkh;\z !@f;jk; vd;why; vy;yh ghg';fisa[k; nghf;Ftjw;fhf #gpf;fg;gLk; ke;j;uk; vd;W mh;j;jk;. gukhj;khtplkpUe;J cz;lhd t!;Jf;fs;.

(1) VG ,e;j;hpa';fs; (kd!;/ g[j;jp/ Ie;J #;"hnde;j;hpa';fshd fz;/ fhJ/ _f;F/ njhy;/ ehf;F)

(2) VG mf;dpfs; - MtAdPak;/ fhh;A gj;ak;/ jBpzhf;dp/ !g;a/ Mt!j;a/ g;uh#Apj/ mf;dph;j;uhAh::

(3) VG !kpj;Jf;fs; (ku';fs; - mr;tj;j/ cJk;gy/ gyhr/ !kP/ tpf';fj/ mrdP/ g[\;fugh;d)


(4) mf;dpf;F VG ehf;Ffs; (fhaP/ fuhyP/ kndh#t/ RePRjh/ Rjhk;guth;zh/ !;g;hpyp';fpzP/ tp!;t%gp)

(5) VG nyhf';fs; - g{nyhf/ g[th;/ !@th;/ kAh;/ #ndh/ jngh/ !j;a nyhfk;

ehuhaz cgep\j;jpy; 64tJ ke;j;uk; - #;"hdj;ijg; bgw/ #gpf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;. 65tJ ke;j;uk; - bfl;l fdt[fs;/ gaj;ijg; nghf;f #gpf;fg;glntz;Lk;. 66tJ ke;j;uk; - kJ!@f;jk; (mkhth!;ia/ r;uhj;j fhy';fspy; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ)


8. Ijnunahgep\j;J

,J "Uf;" ntjj;ijr; nrh;e;jJ. "Ijnuah;" vd;fpw kAhp\p jtk; g[hpe;J fz;l g;uhA;kzk;. Ijnua Muz;afKk; cs;sJ. (Ie;J Muz;af';fs; - ,uz;lhtJ kw;Wk; _d;whtJ Muz;afj;jpw;F Ijnunahgep\j;J vd;W bgah;).

g;uhzd; rpwe;jJ. ,J cliy tpl;L fpsk;gpdhy; vy;yh mtat';fSk; bray;glhJ. !j;ak; - ,ij "!j;" / "jp"/ "ak;;" vd;W _d;whfg; gphpj;jhy; "g;uhzd;"/ "md;dk;"/ "Mjpj;ad;" vd;W bghUs;gLk;. thf;F - ,jpy; ml';fpa re;j!@fSf;F/ g;UAjp re;j!; vd;gJ g;uhzd;.

jz;;;zPuhy; g;uhzDf;F g[\;o Vw;gLfpwJ. tp!;thkpj;uh;/ ,e;jpudplk; nfl;Lf; bfhz;ljw;F ,z';f ,e;j;ud; brhd;djhtJ:- ehd; g;uhzd;/ vy;yh g{j';fSk; g;uhznd/ Mjpj;ad; g;uhznd. vdf;F md;dk; ,Jnt. ,J itr;thkpj;uk; MFk;. (bfs\Pjfp cgep\j;jpy; g;ujh;je tpj;ia Kjypatw;wpy; cs;sJ). kuk;/ bro ,tw;wpy; Mj;kh rpwpJ tphpe;jpUf;Fk;;. gpuhzpfsplj;jpy; bfh";rk; mjpfk;. kdpj clypy; ,e;j tphpt[ mjpfk;. (#Pthj;kh) kdpj clypy; tha[ Ie;J tpjkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,itfSf;F fl;Lg;gl;lJ fz;/ fhJ/ _f;F/kdk;/ brhy;; (thf;F). thf;fpdhy; bra;ag;gLk; a#;;"k; Ie;J tpjk; (n!hk ahfKk; nrh;j;J) cf;jp (my;yJ) cf;j;jk; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. ep\;nfty;ak; vd;gJ cf;j;j rh!;j;uk;. ,J xU tpjkhd ke;j;u ghlk;. gy j;U\;o tpjpfs; ,jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpd;wd (j;U\;o vd;gJ/ xd;iw kw;bwhd;whfg; ghtpg;gJ) g;UAjPia (Mapukhf) ghtpj;J/ ,e;j;udhf ghtpj;J/ mjdhy; ,e;j;u nyhfj;ij milayhk;. kPz;Lk; gpwg;g[ cz;L. Mjpj;a/ mf;dpapd; (,uz;od;;) mk;r';fs; Rf;y nrhzpj';fs;. ,it xd;W nrh;tjhy; Mj;kh ,t;t[yif milfpwJ. Mj;kht[f;F Mz;/ bgz; vd;fpw tpj;ah!k; ,y;iy. kD\;a Ma[s; E]W taJ. mjhtJ Kg;gjhapuk; ehl;fs;jhd;. (E]W vd;gij 365y; bgUf;fhjPh;fs;. bkhj;jj;jpy; E]W taJ; E]W tU\k;


my;y) g;UAjpre;j!; Mapuk; vd;W brhd;dijg; nghy/ ,e;j vz;zpf;ifa[k; Kotila[k; nghJ/ njt ujj;jpy; (Ie;J cU) brd;W gukhj;khit milayhk;. Ie;J cU vd;gJ - 1) thf;F - ujj;jpd; Vh;f;fhy;/ 2) fhJfs; - rf;fu';fs;/ 3) fz;fs; - Fjpiufs;/ 4) kdk; - njh; ghfd; my;yJ fothsk;/ 5) g;uhzd; - Kjyhsp (Mj;kh) ,jpy; (Ijnunahgep\j;jpy;) Mj;k \l;fk;

cybfy;yhk; r;U\;og;gjw;F Kd;g[ Mj;kh xd;nw. (mjhtJ gukhj;kh; gukg[U\d;) ,J !';fy;gpj;Jf; bfhz;L r;U\;o bra;aj; bjhl';fpaJ. mk;g!; (!;th;f;fk;)/ khPrp (me;jhpB nyhfk;)/ kuk; (g{nyhfk;)/ mg;g[ (ghjhsk;). nyhf ghyh;fs; ,itfis Kjypy; r;U\;oj;jJ. gpwF #yj;jpdpd;W xU g[U\ totj;ij cz;lhf;fpaJ. ,jw;F mz;lk; nghy; tha; ,Ue;jJ. thf;F/ _f;F/ fz;/ fhJ ,e;j;hpa';fisa[k; mitfSf;fhd njtijfisa[k; gpwF A;Ujak;/ g;uhzd;/ kd!;/ re;j;ud;/ ehgp/ mghdk;/ k;Uj;a[ njtij/ Mz; Fwp/ tPh;nae;j;hpak;/ ,g;go cz;lhf;fg;gl;lJ. ,itfSf;F grp/jhfj;ij gukhj;;kh cz;lhf;fpaJ. mitfs; "eh';fs; trpg;gJ v';nf?" vd;W nfl;f/ gukhj;kh Kjypy; gRitf; bfhLj;jJ. gpwF Fjpiuiaf; bfhLj;jJ. kdpj cliy cz;lhf;fp bfhLj;jJ. grp/ jhfk; ,uz;Lk; v';fs; ,lk; vJ vd;W kWgoa[k; nfl;f "Atp!pd;" ghfk; vd;W gukhj;kh brhy;ypw;W.

gpwF #yj;jpypUe;J md;dj;ij cz;lhf;fpaJ. tha;/

mghdk; vd;fpw tha[tpdhny md;dj;ij cz;z bjhpe;J bfhz;lJ. g;uhzd; vd;fpw #Pthj;kh !Pkh vd;fpw jiyapd; cr;rpiag; gpse;J bfhz;L cs;ns g[Fe;jJ. ,J "tpj;Ujp" vdg;gLk;. ,e;j #Pthj;kht[f;F tpHpg;g[ (#hf;uk;) brhg;gdk; (!;tg;dk;) !@\@g;jp (J]f;fk;) vd;fpw _d;W epiyfs; cz;L. ,it aht[k; mHpaf; ToaJ. v';Fk; g;uk;kk; (gukhj;kh) t;ahgpj;Js;sJ.


#Pthj;kh/ Kjypy; g[U\dplj;jpy; tPh;akhf ,Uf;fpwJ. g[U\d; tPh;aj;ij xd;W nrh;j;J !;jphPaplj;jpy; nrh;j;jt[ld;/ ,J #Pthj;khtpw;F Kjy; gpwg;g[. gpwF vg;nghJk; nghyg; gpwg;gJ ,uz;lhtJ gpwg;g[. Ma[s; Koe;J/ khpj;J/ kWgoa[k; gpwf;fpwhd;. ,J _d;whtJ gpwg;g[. ,g;go vz;z ,ayhj gpwg;g[fs;/ ,wg;g[fs;/ r';fpypj; bjhlh; nghy #Pthj;kht[f;F eilbgw;Wf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd.

thknjth; vd;fpw kAhp\p/ fh;g;gj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;nghnj

Kd;#d;k';fisbay;yhk; mwpe;J/ gpwe;jt[lndna fh;k ge;jj;jpypUe;J tpLgl;L gukgjk; nrh;e;jhh;/ vd;W brhy;th;. ,J vy;nyhuhYk;/ hp\pfshy; Tl ,ayhj bray;.

gukhj;kh rh;t nr\p. g;uA;;kh/ ,e;j;ud;;/ g;u#hgjp vy;yh njtijfs;/ g";r g{j';fs;/ nahep#';fs;/ mnahep#';fs;/ Kl;ilapy; gpwg;gd/ fh;g;gj;jpy; gpwg;gd/ g[Gf;fj;jpy; gpwg;gd/ g{kpia gpse;J gpwg;gd/ gwf;Fk; gpuhzpfs;/ ePh; thH;td vd;W ,g;go #Ptuhrpfs; vy;yhKk;/ gukhj;khtpd; Mf;i"f;F cl;gl;L/ mtDf;F nr\dhf ,Ug;git.

kdpj clypy; vYk;g[fs; 360. mtw;wpy; bfhGg;g[ 360 Mf 720. xU tUlj;jpy; gfy; 360/ ,ut[ 360 Mf 720. cly; vd;fpw Foirap;y; vy;yh _';fpy;fSf;Fk; Mjhukhd eL _';fpy; nghy/ fz;/ fhJ/ _f;F ,tw;wpw;F Mjhukhd g;uhzid ehSf;F rkkhf ghtpj;J ghtid bra;jhy; Ma[s; Kjypa gyd; fpilf;fpwJ.

mBu';fis 360/ 360 vd;W ,uz;L ghfkhf Mf;fp/ mtw;wpd; nrh;f;ifia 360Mf Mf;F';fs; (vg;go vd;W nahrpa[';fs;). gfy;/ ,ut[/ re;jp ,it Kiwna 360 / 360/ 360/ Mf bkhj;jk; 1080 MFk;. ,g;go g;UAjp 1080 Mfpwgo/ ,ij vYk;g[/ bfhGg;g[ 540/ 540 Mf gphpj;J kWgoa[k; Tl;o "1080" vd;W brhy;yp/ ghtid bra;a[k; tpjKk; mjd; gyDk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

rhPu g[U\Df;F/ u!k;/ g;u#;"hj;kh. !e;j!; g[U\Df;F/ u!k;/ mfhuk;. ntj';fs; _d;Wf;F/ u!k; gpukd;. kAh


g[U\d; vd;gJ !k;;tj;!uk;. ,jd; u!k; Mjpj;ad;. !hPu urkhd g;u#;"hj;khita[k; kAh g[U\dhd Mjpj;aida[k; xd;whf ghtid bra;tJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. gukhj;kh/ jd; Mj;khtpd; me;juhj;kh vd;W bjspa ntz;Lk; vd;W xU ke;j;uk; brhy;fpwJ. (mjhtJ #Pthj;kht[f;Fk; Mj;kh). ruPuj;ij tPizf;F xg;gpl;L ,ij ed;F bjspe;jtd;/ ghh; g[fGk; tz;zk; ,Ug;ghd; vd;gJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. !k;Apijapy; "z"fhuk; gyk;/ "\"fhuk; g;uhzd;. gukhj;khnt vy;yhKk; vd;W ,e;j cgep\j;J brhy;fpwJ.


9 - rhe;j;nahf;nahgep\j;

,J !hk ntjj;ijr; nrh;e;jJ. ,J "jhz;o" rhifapd; filrp ghfk;. ntjt;ah!h; g;uk;k!@j;uj;jpw;F vLj;Jf; bfhz;l cgep\j;Jf;fspy; ,Jnt mjpfkhf vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

!hk ntjj;ijr; nrh;e;jjhifahy;/ cj;fPjj;ijg; gw;wp ,J (,e;j cgep\j;) brhy;fpwJ. g;uztj;ij Kjypy; brhy;yp/ gythW cgh!d';fisr; brhy;yp/ cj;fPj gjk;/ !hk gjk;/ !hk bghJ/ mjd; mk;r';fs;/ cl; gphpt[fs; ,itfspy; cgh!dk; bra;tijr; brhy;yp/ I\pfk;/ MK\;kpfk; vd;W gy gyd;fSf;fhd cgh!d';fisr;brhy;yp gpwF nkhBj;jpw;fhd gf;jpnahfk; ,tw;iwr; brhy;fpwJ.

vl;L gpughlf';fshf cs;sJ. gpughlfk; vd;gJ mj;ahak;. mj;ahaj;jpy; mndf fhz;l';fs; (gphpt[fs;).

!hkk; - ntj fhdk;. "Uf;"Ffspy; fhdk; gz;zg;gLk;. xt;bthU "hpf;"fpYk; fhdk; gz;Qk;nghJ me;j fhdj;ij Ie;J ghfkhf gphpg;ghh;fs;. mitahtd:-

1) Ap';fhuk;/ 2) g;u!;jhtk;/ 3) cj;fPjk;/ 4) g;ujpAhuk;/ 5) epjdk;. ,ij VHhft[k; gphpj;Jr; brhy;thh;fs;. 1) Ap';fhuk;/ 2) g;u!;jhtk;/ 3) Mjp/ 4) cj;fPjk;/ 5) g;ujpAhuk;/ 6) cgj;utk;/ 7) epjdk;.

g;ughlfk; -1 - g;uztj;ij cj;fPjkhf cghrpf;fr;

brhy;fpwJ. cj;fPjk; cyfpy; !hukhdJ. g{kpapd; !huk; vJbtd;why; tpisa[k; gaph;fSf;F #yk; _ykhf ,Ug;gjhy; #yk; - !huk;. mjpy; cz;lhd X\jpfs; !huk;. ,tw;iwr; rhg;gpl;l kdpj cly; !huk;. ,e;j clypy; thf;F


!huk;. thf;Ffspy; "Uf;" !huk;. ,jw;F nky; !hk fhdk;. ,jpy; rpwe;jJ cj;fPjk;. cgh!dk; ,y;yhky; tpjpf;fg;gl;lijr; bra;jhYk; gyd; cz;L. cgh!dj;njhL bra;jhy;/ gyd; kpft[k; mjpfk;. ,e;j cj;fPjj;ij - g;uhztha[thf cgh!pg;nghUf;F tpnuhjpfs; mHpth;. fr;;ag g;uh#gjpf;F jpjp/ mjpjp vd;W ,uz;L kidtpfs;. ,thpd; g[jy;th;fs; njth;fSk;/ mRuh;fSk; Mth;. ,th;fSf;Fs; rz;il Vw;gl;lJ. mRuh;fis b#apf;f njth;fs; KobtLj;J njth;fs; _f;fpy; cs;s ,e;j;hpakhf cj;fPjj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;l "g;uztj;ij" cgh!pj;jdh;. mRuh;fs; mijf; bfLj;jdh;. ,g;go thf;F/ fz;/ fhJ/ kd!; vd;gijbay;yhk; cgh!pj;jdh;. mRuh;fs; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; bfLj;jdh;. filrpapy; Kfj;jpy; cs;s g;uhzdhd g;uhztha[it cj;fPjkhf njth;fs; cgh!pj;jJk; mRuh;fs; mjd; kPJ vwpe;j ght';fs; btspna rpjwp XoaJ.(g;uhzd; ghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy). ,t;thwhf g;uhzdhf ghtpf;fg;gl;l cj;fPjj;jpd; bgUik brhy;yg;gl;lJ.

cj;fPj g;uztj;ij mkph;jk; vdg;gLk; g;uk;kkhf cgh!pf;fr; brhy;fpwJ. njtijfs;/ k;Uj;a[t[f;F gag;gl;L ntj tpj;iaf;Fs; g[Fe;J ntj ke;j;u';fshy; j';fis kiwj;Jf; bfhz;ldh;. mg;nghJ k;Uj;a[/ jz;zPhpy; kPidf; fz;lhw; nghy; njtijiag; ghh;j;J tpl;lhd;. gpwF mth;fs; mkph;jkhd g;uztj;jpny kiwe;J bfhz;ldh;. ,';'dk; j';fisf; fhj;Jf; bfhz;ldh;. ,g;go cgh!pg;gtDf;F " k;Uj;a[ " ,y;iy/ gaKkpy;iy.

fg;ah! g[z;lhPfhB j;U\;o vd;gJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. Mfhrkhf cj;fPjj;ijg; ghh;g;gtDf;F cah;e;j #Ptdk; / cah;e;j cyf';fs; fpilf;Fk;. (brsdfh; - rhz;oy;aUf;Fr; brhd;dJ).

c\!;jp vd;fpw kAhp\p/ g";rk; Vw;gl;l rkaj;jpy; czt[ fpilf;fhky;/ xU fpuhkj;jpy;/ ahidf;Ff;


bfhLf;fg;gLk; "Fy;kh\k;" vd;fpw czit/ caph; jhpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;w fhuzj;jhy;/ ahidg; ghfdplk; nfl;L/ xU ftsk; th';fpr; rhg;gpl;lhh;. Mdhy; bjhlh;e;J ahidg; ghfd; bfhLj;j jz;zPiu ",J vr;rpy; ntz;lhk;" vd;W brhy;yptpl;lhh;. caph; jhpf;f bfh";rk; czt[ rhg;gpl;lhy; nghJk; vd;fpw epajp ,e;jj; jj;tj;jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. xU murd; ahfk; bra;ag; nghFk; rkaj;jpy; "g;u!;jhgk;"/ "cj;fPjk;"/ "g;ujpAhuk;" vd;fpw !hk';fSf;F njtij ahh; ahh; vd;W hpf; tpj;Ffsplk; nfl;f (ahfj;ij elj;jp itg;gth;fs;)/ mth;fs; bjhpahJ vd;W brhy;y/ murd; ,tiuna (c\!;jp) (mr;rkah; c\!;jp me;j ,lj;Jf;F te;J nrh;e;jhh;) hpf;tpj;jhf epakpj;J mtiu nkw;fz;l !hk';fSf;F njtijfisg; gw;wpf; nfl;f c\!;jp. g;u!;jhgk; vd;fpw !hkfhdj;jpy; !h;t g{j';fSf;Fk; gpwtp/ mHpt[ ,itfSf;F fhuzkhf cs;s "g;uhz" njtijiaa[k; / cj;fPjj;jpny "Mjpj;ad;" njtijiaa[k;/ g;ujpAhuj;jpy; "md;dj;ija[k;" njtijahfg; ghtpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W brhy;yp ahfj;ij elj;jp itj;jhh;;. md;dj;ijg; bgwf; fhuzkhf cs;s "brsnthj;fPjk;" vd;fpw cj;fPjk; ,jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. !hkfhdj;jpy; ,irapd; bghUj;jj;jpw;fhf g[jpa mBu';fs; ,Uf;Fk;. mit !;njhghBu';fs; vdg;gLk;. "Ahc" , "Ah," nghd;wit. 1) !@h;nahjaj;jpw;F Kd;g[ ML/ khLfs; nka;r;rYf;F g[wg;gLk; fhyk;; 2) kdpjh;fs; tpHpj;bjGk; cja fhyk;; 3) gwitfs; gwf;Fk; !';ft fhyk;; 4) njtijfspd; cr;rpf; fhyk;; 5)mguhd;d fhyk;; 6) m!;jkdj;jpw;F Kd;g[ fhy;eilfs; jpUk;g[k; fhyk;; 7) gpj;Uf;fspd; m!;jkd fhyk;. ,g;go VG gphpt[fshf !@h;aid ghtpj;J !hkj;ij cgh!pg;gJ brhy;yg; gLfpwJ.


nkYk;/ mjpk;Uj;a{gh!dk; tpthpf;fg;gLfpwJ. khj';fs; 12/ UJf;fs; 5 (nAke;j UJ/ rprpu UJ xd;whf fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ) cyf';fs; 3 . R{h;ad; 1 Mf 21. !hk gf;jpfspy; vGj;Jf;fs; 22. ,g;go !@h;nahghrdk; bra;jhy; k;Uj;a[it #apj;J nkhBj;jpw;F mUfijahtJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. n!hk ahfj;jpy; 3 atd';fSf;F mjpgjpahd t!@/ Uj;u/ Mjpj;ah;fisg; gw;wpa !hk';fisr; brhd;dhy; _t[yFk; fpilf;Fk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

1. kJtpj;ia

njdhf R{h;aidia j;ahdk; bra;tJ. R{h;a kz;lyj;ij/ njtijfs; cl;bfhs;Sk; njdhft[k;/ nkYyfpy; me;jhpBk; vdg;gLk; njd; mil ,Ug;gjhft[k;/ tz;Lfs; kyh;fspypUe;J njid vLj;J nrh;f;Fkhg;nghny "ntj ke;j;u';fs;" vd;Wk;/ t!@ - Uj;u - Mjpj;a - kUj; !hj;a fz';fs; 4 jpf;FfspYk;/ nky;g[wj;jpYk; epw;gjhft[k; njdhf R{h;aidg;ghtpj;Jk; mtDf;F me;jh;ahkpahf gfthid cgh!dk; bra;jy;. 2. fhaj;hP g;uA;k tpj;ia

fhaj;hP re;j!;!@f;F _d;W ghj';fs;/ 24 mBu';fs;. g;uA;kj;jpw;F 4 ghj';fs; (g{jk;/ g;Uj;tp/ ruPuk;/ A;Ujak;) . (6) thf;fhdJ !h;t g{j';fisa[k; Fwpf;fpwJ. (2) fhf;fpwJ - ,U Fz';fs; . g;Uj;tpia ghjkhf cila ,jw;F !h;t g{j';fSk; Mjhuk; (3) mitfshy; kPs KoahJ. (4) ruPukha[k; (5) A;Ujakhft[k; ,g;go g;UA;kj;jpw;F Mjhukhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;go cgh!pf;fr; brhy;fpwJ. ,jw;F m';fkhf A;Ujaj;jpy; ehd;F gf;f';fspYk; / nkYkhf Ie;J FHpfs; ,Ug;gjhft[k;/ m';F g;uhzd;;fs; r";rhpg;gjhft[k;/ Ie;J FHpfspYk; Ie;J Jthughyfh;fs; kw;Wk; Mjpj;ad;/ re;j;ud;/ mf;dp/ gh;#d;ad;/ Mfhrk; ,itfspd; njtijfs; ,Ug;gjhft[k; cgh!dk; bra;a[khW brhy;fpwJ. ,J "fhaj;hP g;UA;k tpj;ia" vdg;gLk;.


3. bfsBa #;nahjph; tpj;ia

g;uk;knk itr;theud;. ,td; mf;dpf;F me;jh;ahkp. ,';'dk; cghrpf;Fk; Kiwjhd; ,e;j tpj;ia. fhJfis iffshy; _oa nghJ fhJf;Fs; xU rg;jk; nfl;fpwjy;yth? mJ/ ,e;j g;uA;kj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ. 4. rhz;oy;a tpj;ia

g;Uk;knk vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; fhuzk; vd;W mwpe;J fhk f;nuhj';fs; ,d;wp rhe;jj;Jld; g;Uk;kj;ij cgh!pg;gJ. 5. nfh! tp#;"hdk; (tpj;ia)

jd; g[j;ud; jPh;f;f Ma[nshL ,Uf;f bra;ag;gLk; cgh!dk;. tha[it jpf;Ffspd; Fkhudhf epidj;J ke;j;u';fisr; brhy;yp cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;. 6. g[U\ tpj;ia

jd;id xU af;"khf fUjp jd; Ma[l; fhyj;ij (116 tU\k;) _d;whf gphpj;J t!@/ Uj;u/ Mjpj;ah;fshf epidj;J/ grp/ jhf';fis jPiBahft[k;/ cl;bfhs;tij cg!j;jhft[k; rphpg;g[ ,itfis !;njhj;u';fshft[k;/ rh!;ju rk;ge;jkhf bra;ag;gLtij !k;ghtidahft[k;/ kuzj;ij mtg;Ujkhft[k; ghtpj;J/ rh!;jpu tpjpg;go cgh!pj;jhy;/ nehia tpyf;fp ePoj;J thH;thd; vd;fpwJ. "Ijnua kApjh!h;" vd;gth; ,g;go thH;e;jjhfr; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

,th;/ ,e;j tpj;iaia/ !;ntj nfJt[f;F cghrpj;jjhft[k; brhy;th;. me;jpk fhyj;jpy; #gpf;f ntz;oa ke;j;u';fis #gpj;jhy;/ nkhBk; milthd; vd;Wk; TWfpwJ. (ijj;jphPa Kotpy; brhy;yg;gLk; g[U\ tpj;ia ,Jty;y).


7 - iuf;;t tpj;ia

,J !k;th;f;f tpj;ia vd;Wk;brhy;yg;gLk;. "#her;Ujp" vd;gth; kpft[k; jh;kp\;lh;. tPLfs;/ rj;jpu';fs; fl;o vy;yh ,l';fspYk; md;djhdk; Kjypa vy;yh jhd';fisa[k; r;uj;ijnahL bra;gth;. xU ehs; ,utpy; mth; jd;Dila khspifapd; nky; khoapy; gLj;jpUf;Fk;nghJ/ mtUf;F nkny Mfhaj;jpy; md;d';fs; gwe;jd. mjpy; Kd;nd nghFk; md;dj;ij/ gpd;nd bry;Yk; md;dk;/ "cdf;F fz;zpy;iyah ? jh;kp\;ldhd "#her;Ujp" gLj;jpUf;f mtd; nkyhf gwe;J nghfpwhna?" vd;W nfl;lJ. Kd;nd bry;Yk; md;dk;/ "tz;oa[ld; vg;nghJk; trp;f;Fk; iuf;utuh ,th;?" vd;W nfl;lJ.

"mJ ahh;? tz;onahL ,Uf;Fk; iuf;th;" vd;W/ gpd;dhy; bry;Yk; md;dk; nfl;lJ.

"Njhl;l';fspy; "f;Ujk;" vd;fpw Ml;lk; bjhpe;jth; vy;yh Ml;l';fSk; bjhpe;jjw;Fr; rkk;. "iuf;th;" vy;yhk; mwpe;jth;. me;j bgUik ,e;j #her;;Ujpf;F VJ?" vd;W Kd;nd bry;Yk; md;dk; brhy;ypw;W.

,ijf; nfl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;j #her;Ujp / fhiyapy; vGe;J "iuf;th; v';fpUf;fpwhh;?" vd;W mwpa vy;yh gf;f';fspYk; Vtyh;fis mDg;gpdhh;. gy ngh; fhztpy;iy vd;W jpUk;gp tu/ xUtd; kl;Lk; "Xhplj;jpy; tz;oapd; moapy; rpu';Ffisr; brhwpe;J bfhz;L mkh;e;jpUf;fpwhh;" vd;W brhd;dhh;.

#her;Ujp gRf;fs;/ Fjpiufs; ,tw;iw Vuhskhff; bfhz;Lngha; iuf;thplk; bfhLj;J mogzpe;J njtjhf;"hdk; cgnjrpf;f g;uhh;j;jpj;jhh;. iuf;th; kWj;jhh;. kWgoa[k; Vuhskhd bry;t';fisa[k; kw;Wk; jd; g[j;hpiaa[k; bfhLj;J cgnjrpf;FkhW g;uhh;j;jpj;jhh;.


,g;nghJ kdk; fdpe;J/ iuf;th; cgnjrpj;jJjhd; iuf;ttpj;ia. 8 - !k;th;f tpj;ia

(!j;a fhk #hghyh; vd;fpw kAhp\p !;ntjnfJt[f;F cgnjrpj;jJ)

fhngad;/ mgpg;ujhhp/ vd;fpw ,Uth; rhg;gpl cl;fhh;e;j rkaj;jpy; xU g;uA;;kr;rhhp gpiB nfl;lhh;. ,UtUk; gpiB nghltpy;iy. g;uA;kr;rhhp/ "cyfj;ij jh';Fgtd; ehd;F ehd;F kAhj;khf;fis tpG';fpa[s;shd;. gw;gy cUthf trpg;gtd; mtd;. ,tid kdpjh;fs; bjhpe;J bfhs;tjpy;iy. ,e;j md;dk; ahUf;F cs;snjh mtDf;F mspf;fg;gltpy;iy" vd;whd;.

fhngad;/ "g;uA;kr;rhhpna! vy;yhtw;iwa[k; r;U\;og;gtd; !h;tf;"d;. ,td; xUtuhYk; rhg;gplg;glhjijr; rhg;gpLfpwhd;. ,g;go eh';fs; cgh!pf;fpnwhk;" vd;W brhy;yp/ gpiB mspj;jhd;.

mf;dp/ !@h;ad;/ re;j;ud; ,tw;wpw;F ya!;jhdk; tha[. clk;gpy; fz;/ fhJ/ thf;F/ kd!; ,itfSf;F ya!;jhdk; g;uhzd;. ,tw;iwj; bjhpe;J cgh!pg;gtd; / g;uA;kj;ij mDgtpg;ghd;. (,J gyd;) vd;W ,jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. 9 - n\hlrfy g;uA;ktpj;ia

!j;a fhkd; vd;fpw kAhp\papd; tuyhW brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. !j;a fhkd; Mrhh;aiu thpf;fg; nghtjw;F Kd;g[ jd; jhahhplk; nfhj;uj;jpd; bgaiuf; nfl;lhd;. "nfhj;uk; vJbtd;W bjhpahJ" vd;W brhd;d jhahh;/ Mrhh;adplj;jpy; "vd; jhahh; #hghiy. ehd; !j;a fhkd; vd;W brhy;!" vd;whs;.


!j;a fhkd; bfsjk-Ahhpj;Ughjh; vd;fpw hp\paplk; brd;W ,ijr; brhy;y/ FUt[k; ,tid m';fPfhpj;J ,isj;j 400 gRf;fis tsh;j;Jtur; brhd;dhh;. mtw;iw btF rpukg;gl;L gy tU\';fs; tsh;j;J Mapuk; gRf;fshf;fpdhd;. mtw;wpy; xU fhis !j;a fhkDf;F "g;ufhrth" vd;fpw ghjj;ij cgnjrpj;J/ mjw;F ehd;F mtat';fs; vd;W Twp/ "mf;dp cdf;F ,d;bdhU ghjj;ijr; brhy;Yk;;" vd;W brhy;ypw;W.

kWehs; "!kpjhjhdk;" bra;a[k; rkaj;jpy;/ mf;dp

"mde;jthd;" vd;fpw ghjj;ija[k;/ mjd; ehd;F ghf';fisa[k; cgnjrpj;jJ. "Ak;!k; cdf;F _d;whtJ ghjj;ijr; brhy;Yk;" vd;wJ. kWehs; khiy md;dj;jplk; #;nahjp\;khd; vd;fpw ghjj;ija[k;/ mjd; ehd;F ghf';fisa[k; mwpe;jhd;. md;dk;/ "kw;bwhU ghjj;ij ePh;g;gwit brhy;Yk;" vd;wJ. mjw;fLj;j kWehs; khiy ePh;g;gwitaplk; "Majdthd;" vd;fpw ghjj;ija[k;/ mjd; ghf';fisa[k; mwpe;jhd;. ,g;goahff; fw;W ed;F mwpe;j Mrhh;aidg; nghd;w nj#!;; Kfj;jpy; bjhpa Mapuk; khLfisa[k; Xl;of; bfhz;L Mrhh;ahplk; brd;whd;.

Mrhh;ah; ,tidg; ghh;j;J "g;uA;kj;ij mwpe;jtdhf cd; Kfk; brhy;fpwJ. ahh; cdf;F brhd;dJ?" vd;W nfl;f/ !j;a fhkd; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; brhy;yp / ",Ue;jhYk; Mrhh;a Kfkhf cgnjrk; bra;antz;Lk;" vd;W g;uhh;j;jpf;f kdk; re;njh\k; mile;J Mrhh;aDk; cgnjrk; bra;jhh;. (,uz;L cgnjrKk;-mjhtJ vy;yhk; xd;whf ,Ue;jd).

,e;j !j;a fhkdpd; rp\;;ad; cgnfh!yd;. gd;dpuz;L tUlk; Mrhh;adpd; itjPf mf;dpiag; ghJfhj;J te;jhd;. Mrhh;ad; ,tDld; ,Ue;j kw;w rp\;ah;fSf;F cgnjrk; Kjypatw;iw Koj;jth; cgnfh!yDf;F xd;Wk; brhy;ytpy;iy. Mrhh;aUila kidtp g;uhh;j;;jpj;Jk; vJt[k; brhy;yhky;/ Mrhh;ad; btspa{h; brd;W tpl;lhh;.


gd;dpuz;L tU\ fhyk; ghJfhj;J te;j mf;dp ,tdplk; fUiz bfhz;L "fk vd;gJ ekJ Rfk;/ tk; vd;gJ ,e;j;hpak; my;yJ thdk; nghd;wJ vd;Wk;/ g;uhzd; g;UA;kk;/ fk;-g;UA;kk; (tk;) vd;W cgnjrpj;jhd;. gpwF "mf;dp tpj;iaia" cgnjrpj;J ,jw;F nky; cdf;F Mrhh;ad; cgnjrpg;ghh; vd;W mf;dp brhd;dhd;.

btspa{h; brd;wpUe;j Mrhh;ad; jpUk;gp te;jhh;.

rp\;adpd; Kfj;ijg; ghh;j;jhh;. "g;uA;k nj#!; g;ufhrpf;fpwnj? ahh; cgnjrpj;jJ?" vd;W nfl;lhh;. cgnfh!yd; ele;j cz;ikiar; brhd;dhd;. Mrhh;ad; re;njh\kile;J nkw;bfhz;L cgnjrk; bra;jhh;. mjhtJ Mj;khthdJ j;nufj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ. Mj;khtpw;F mHpt[ fpilahJ. ,ij ed;F bjhpe;J bfhz;lhy; ghgk; Mj;khtpy; xl;lhJ vd;W Muk;gpj;J gytw;iwa[k; cgnjrpj;jhh;. ,t;thW cgh!dk; bra;jtd; KKB@thf ,Ug;gjhy; ,td; kuzkile;j gpwF ,tDf;F bra;antz;oa rl';Ffs; bra;ahtpl;lhYk; ,td; Mj;kh mh;r;rpuhjp khh;f;fk; vd;fpw njtahd khh;f;fj;jhny g;uA;kj;jplk; nrh;f;fg;gLthd;. ,jd; gpwF Jf;fk; vd;gnj fpilahJ vd;W cgnjrpj;jhh;. 10 - nkny brhy;yg;gl;lJ cgnfh!y tpj;ia. 11 - eLtpy; mf;dp cgnjrpj;jJ ,ijr; rhh;e;j mf;dptpj;ia

(Mf/ nBhlr fiy g;uA;ktpj;ia/ cgnfh!y tpj;ia/ mf;dp tpj;ia _d;Wk; brhy;yg;gl;lJ) 12 - g;uhz tpj;ia

g;uhzd; _j;jJ. mjhtJ fh;;g;g th!j;jpy; g;uhzd; Vw;gl;l gpwFjhd; kPjp ,e;j;hpa';fs; cz;lhfpd;wd. Mjyhy; g;uhzd; "#;na\;ld;".

g;uhzDf;Fk; kPjp ,e;j;hpa';fSf;Fk; xU fyfk; Vw;gl;lJ. "ahh; cah;e;jth;?" vd;gnj mJ. !;U\;o bra;j


g;u#hgjpaplk; brd;W/ ,e;j t;atAhuj;ij jPh;f;FkhW nfl;Lf; bfhz;ld. mth; c';fSf;Fs; ahh; rhPuj;jpypUe;J btspg;gl;lhy; rhPuk; Fiye;J nghFnkh mtnu r;nu\;lh;/ cah;e;jth; vd;whh;.

thf;F xU tU\ fhyk; rhPuj;ij tpl;L btspg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ. Cik nghy rhPuk; thH;e;jJ. ,ijg;nghynt fz;fs;/ fhJfs; kw;w ,e;j;hpa';fSk; btspg;gl;L rhPuj;ij nrhjpj;jJ. rhPuj;jpy; me;je;j m';fj;jpw;F Fiwt[ Vw;gl;lnj jtpu/ rhPuk; #Ptpj;jpUe;jJ.

g;uhzd;/ rhPuj;ij tpl;L btspna fpsk;gpd jUzj;jpy; vy;yh mtat';fSk; braypHf;fj; bjhl';fpd. mit g;uhzid btspna nghf ntz;lhk; vd;W ntz;o/ g;uhznd r;nu\;ld; mjhtJ cah;e;jtd; vd;wd. g;uhzd; jdf;F md;dk;/ Mil vy;yhk; mspf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W nfl;lJ. md;dk; g;uhzDf;F vd;Wk;/ Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; mUe;Jk; Mrkd jPh;j;jk; g;uhzDf;F cil vd;Wk; brhy;yp mitaht[k; g;uhzid cghrpj;jd. 13. g";rhf;dp tpj;ia mUz kAhp\papd; Fkhuh; MUzP. mthpd; Fkhuh; r;ntjnfJ. mth; xU rkak; gh";rhy njrj;jpy; ele;j !j!;!@f;F (tpthj';fs; elf;Fk; rig) brd;whh;. g;uthAzd; vd;w gh";rhy njrj;J murd; elj;jpa rigf;F mth; brd;whh;. me;j murd; r;ntjnfJit rpy nfs;tpfs; nfl;lhh;. murd;: hp\pg[j;unu! ckf;F jfg;gdhh; cgnjr';fisr; bra;jpUf;fpwhuh? r;ntjnfJ: Mk;


murd;: g;ui#fs; kuzk; mile;j gpwF nghFk; ,lk; vJ? (mjhtJ ahf jhd g{h;j;jhjp g[z;a fh;khf;fisr; bra;jth;fs; ve;j nyhfj;jpw;F nghfpwhh;fs;)? r;ntjnfJ: bjhpahJ murd;: jpUk;gp tUk; tHp vJ? (ahfhjpfis mD\;oj;jth; jpUk;gp tUk; tH p vJ?) r;ntjnfJ: bjhpahJ murd;: njtahd khh;f;fk;/ gpj;Uahz khh;f;fk; ,tw;wpd; ntWghL bjhpa[kh? (ntj;jgnjh njtahd!;a gpj;Uahd!;ar t;ahth;j;jdh?) r;ntjnfJ: bjhpahJ murd;: nkYyfk; brd;wth;fs; ahh; bjhpa[kh? (,e;j nyhfj;jpypUe;J bry;gth;fspy; !;th;f;f nyhfj;ij milahjth;fs; ahh;?) r;ntjnfJ: bjhpahJ murd;: Ie;jhtJ MA@jpapy; kdpjd; gpwf;fpwhd; vd;gJ bjhpa[kh? (ntj;j ajh g";k;ahkhA@ jhthg g[U\trn!h gte;jPjp?) r;ntjnfJ: xd;Wk; bjhpahJ

,';'dk; nfs;tpfs; nfl;l gh";rhy njrj;J murd; "hp\pg[j;unu/ ,it xd;iwa[k; mwpahJ/ ePh; bgw;Wf; bfhz;l cgnjrk; jhd; vd;d? vg;go cgnjrk; bgw;wjhff; TwKoa[k;?" vd;W nfl;f/ r;ntjnfJ khdg';fg;gl;L jfg;gdhhplk; Xo te;J (MUzp) tp\aj;ijr; brhy;y/ mth; jdf;F ,ijg; gw;wp xd;Wk; bjhpahJ vd;W tUj;jg;gl;L/ murdplnk nfl;fyhk; vd;W g[wg;gl;lhh;. r;ntj nfJita[k;


miHj;jhh;. gps;is tutpy;iy. jhd; kl;Lk;/ g;uthAzd; vd;fpw me;j gh";rhy njrj;J murdplk; brd;whh;. jd;Dila gps;isaplk; nfl;l nfs;tpfSf;F jdf;F gjpy; bjhpahJ vd;Wk; mij bjhpe;J bfhs;s te;jpUg;gjhft[k; brhd;dhh;. murd; MUzp vd;fpw cj;jhyfUf;F cgnjrpj;jnj "g";rhf;dp tpj;ia".

r;uj;ijnahL g[z;a fh;khf;fisr; bra;jtd; kuzk;

mile;jJk;/ clypy; ,Ue;J fpsk;gpa mtDk; (#Pthj;kh)/ g;uhnzae;j;hpa';fSk;/ g{j !@B;k !hPuk; vLj;J/ Kjy; mf;dpahd "!;th;f;fj;jpy;" nAhkk; bra;ag;gLfpwJ. btF nghf;akhd !hPuk; vLj;J (nghf !hPuk;) nghf';fis mDgtpj;j gpwF ,e;j g{j !@B;k !hPuk; "nkfk;" vd;fpw mf;dpapy; nrh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. gpwF kiH _ykhf/ g{kp vd;fpw epyj;jpy; tpGe;J/ jhd;a';fspy; g[Fe;J/ Mfhukhf g[U\dpd; (ehyhtJ mf;dp) clypy; nrh;e;J/ gpwF !;j;hP vdg;gLk; Ie;jhtJ mf;dpapy; nrh;e;J Vwf;Fiwa gj;J khj';fs; ,Ue;J cyfpy; gpwf;fpwJ. ,Jnt g";rhf;dp tpj;ia. Ma[s; gh;ae;jk; tiu ,Ue;J/ kWgoa[k; kuzk; mile;J/ Kd;g[ brhd;dijg; nghy Ie;J mf;dpfspy; ,Ue;J kWgoa[k; gpwe;J ,g;go vz;zw;w r';fpypj; bjhluhf/ #Ptd; gpwtpfs; vLf;fpwJ. ,g;go ,Ug;gij czh;e;J Mj;khit ntwhfg; ghtpj;J/ cgh!pg;gtUk; r;uj;ija[ld; g;uA;kj;ijna cgh!pg;gtUk;/ kuzk; mile;jJk; "njtahd khh;f;fk;" vd;W brhy;yg;gLk; mh;r;rpuhjp khh;f;fj;jhny g;uA;kj;ij milfpd;wdh;. (mh;r;rpuhjp khh;f;fk; - ,jpy; tphpthfnt brhy;yg;gLfpwJ)

af;"k; bra;jth;fs;/ Fsk; Kjypad btl;oath;fs;/ Myak; fl;oath;fs;/ jhd jh;kk; bra;jth;fs;/ gpj;Uahd khh;f;fkhd g[if/ ,ut[/ f;U\;z gBk;/ jBpzhadk;/ gpj;U nyhfk;/ Mfhrk;/ re;j;u nyhfk; _ykhf !;th;f;fk; brd;W nghfj;ij mDgtpj;J gpwF Mfhrk;/ tha[/ g[if/ nkfk;/ kiH/ X\jpfs; vd;W jpUk;gp te;J g[U\dplk; ngha; nrh;tjpy; Kd; fh;k tpidfSf;F jf;fgo jhkjk; Kjypad


Vw;gl;L fh;g;gk; _ykhf !;j;hPia mile;J - kWgoa[k; #ddk;/ kWgoa[k; kuzk;. ,g;go gyg;gy #d;k';fs;.

bfhR/ g[G/ g{r;rp nghd;w #e;Jf;fs; gpwg;gJk;/ khpg;gJkha; ,Uf;Fk;. ,tw;wpw;F nkYyfk; vd;gJ ,y;iy.

!;th;f;f nyhfk; jhd; mf;dp. !@h;ad;-!kpj;. !@h;a fpuz';fs;-g[if. mA!; - mh;r;rp!;. re;j;ud;-m';fhuk; mjhtJ jzy;. eBj;jpu';fs; - beUg;g[ bghwpfs;. 14. itr;theu tpj;ia

g;uhrPdrhyh; / rj;aa#;"h;/ ,e;j;uj;a[k;dh;/ #dh;/ g[oyh; - Mfpa Ie;J kAhp\pfSk; xd;W To "ek; Mj;kh ahJ? g;uA;kk; ahJ?" vd;W tprhuk; bra;J/ bjspt[ Vw;glhky;/ mUz kAhp\papd; g[jy;tuhd cj;jhyf kAhp\pia mQfpdh;. mtUk; ,ij ehd; mwpnad; my;nyd;! ,jid mwpe;jth; nffa njrj;J murd; mr;tgjp vd;gth;. mtiu mQFnthk; vd;W MW kAhp\pfSk; mr;tgjpia mile;jdh;. mr;tgjp kd;dh; ,e;j kAhp\pfisf; bfhz;L Uj; tpf;Ffshf thpj;J ahfk; bra;J jBpizia bfhLf;fpnwd; vd;whh;. ,th;fs; itr;theu tpj;iaia jhdkhf (jBpiz) ntz;odh;.

murd; ,th;fis xt;bthUtuhf miHj;J/ itr;theu cgh!dk; ,Jtiu vg;go bra;fpwhh;fs; vd;W nfl;lhd;. g;uhrPdrhyh; j;a[nyhfj;ija[k;/ rj;aa#;"h; Mjpj;aida[k;/ ,e;j;uj;a[k;dh; tha[ita[k; #dh; Mfhrj;ija[k;/ g[oyh; #yj;ija[k;/ cj;jhyfh; g;Uj;tpiaa[k; cghrpg;gjhfr; brhd;dhh;fs;.

murd;/ ,it aht[k; itr;theu Mj;khtpd; mtat';fs;. ,it ,k;ik gyid kl;Lnk mspf;Fk;. Mdhy; ,tw;iwbay;yhk; nrh;j;J "tpr;t%g itr;theu" cgh!dk; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W cgnjrpj;jhd;. ,jd; gyd; "gug;uk;k cgh!id" vd;Wk; brhd;dhd;.


,tw;iw jd; clypy; m';f';fshf itj;J g;uhzhf;dpia itr;theu mf;dpahf ghtpj;J/ md;dj;ij Ie;J g;uhzhA@jpfshf Kiwg;go bra;tJ g";r g;uhz';fs; ,g;go cgh!pj;jhy;/ mtw;wpd; tHpna ,e;j;hpa';fs;/ mtw;iw epakpf;Fk; njth;fs;/ mth;fs; rhh;e;j cyf';fs;/ aht[k; jpUg;jp mila[k;. ,g;go cgh!pg;gtdpd; ghgk; jPapy; ,l;l g";R nghy vhpe;J nghFk; vd;W brhd;dhd;. 15. !j;tpj;ia

mUz kAhp\papd; ngud; r;;ntjnfJ. cj;jhyfhpd; Fkhud;. gd;dpbuz;L tajhd r;;ntjnfJ jfg;gdhhpd; fl;lisg;go FUFy th!k; bra;J ntjj;ij vy;yhk; mj;aadk; bra;J 24 tajpy; jpUk;gp te;jhd;.

cj;jhyfh; gps;isiaf; nfl;lhh;. r;ntjnfJ vy;yhtw;iwa[k; FUFyth!j;jpy; mwpe;J bfhz;lhah? vijf; nfl;L/ rpe;jid bra;J/ j;ahdpj;jhy;/ cyfj;jpy; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; nfl;L rpe;jpj;J j;ahdpf;fg; bgw;wjhf MFnkh mg;go !h;tj;ija[k; epakpf;Fk;goahdij Mrhh;ad; cgnjrpj;jhuh? eP nfl;L bjhpe;J bfhz;lhah?

r;ntjnfJt[f;F gjpy; brhy;y bjhpatpy;iy. Mrhh;ad; ,ijr; brhy;ytpy;iyna/ je;ijaplnk g;uhh;j;jpg;nghk; vd;W je;ijaplk; ,jw;F mtiuna cgnjrkhf brhy;YkhW nfl;Lf; bfhz;lhd;. cj;jhyfh; brhd;dhh;.

!j; vd;fpw t!;J/ jhd; gythwhf Mff;flntd; vd;W !';fy;gk; bra;J bfhz;L "nj#!;"i! r;U\;oj;jJ. "nj#!;"!hf ,Ue;J !';fy;gk; bra;J bfhz;L #yj;ij r;U\;oj;jJ. #ykhf ,Ue;J ,t;thW g;Uj;tpia r;U\;oj;jJ. ,itfs; g{kpapy; gpuhzpfs; vd;w g{j';fshapd. me;j gpuhzpfs; mz;l#k;/ #Pt#k;/ cj;gp#;"k;


vd;W _d;W tif. mz;l#k; - Kl;ilapypUe;J cz;lhtJ. #Pt#k; - gpuhzpfsplkpUe;J gpwg;gJ (kdpjh;fisa[k; nrh;;j;J) cj;gp#;"k; - g{kpia gpse;J tsh;tJ (kuk;/ bro/bfhofs;). (cj;gp#;"j;jpy; tpah;itapypUe;J cz;lhtJk; nrUk;).

!j; vd;gJ #Pthj;khnthL g;untrpj;J/ gytif ehk

%g';fis cz;lhf;f r';fy;gpj;Jf; bfhz;L/ mjw;fhf nj#!;/ #yk;/ g;Uj;tp vd;fpw _d;W kfh g{j';fisa[k; j;Utpj;f;fuzk; bra;jJ. mjhtJ #yj;jpy; kw;w ,uz;Lk; (nj#!;/ g;Uj;tp) fye;jpUf;Fk;. nj#!;!py; #yk;/ g;Uj;tp fye;jpUf;Fk;. g;Uj;tpapy; nj#!;/ #yk; fye;jpUf;Fk; (,tw;iw g";r g{j';fs; vd;W brhy;Yk;nghJ g";rPfuzk; vd;W bgah;).

,g;go fye;jpUg;gjpypUe;J cliy r;U\;oj;J/ #Pthj;kht[ld; jhDk; mjd; cs;ns g[Fe;J/ xt;bthU t!;Jthft[k;/ "rj;" vd;fpw gug;uk;kk; ,Uf;fpwJ . xt;bthd;wpYk; mnrjdk;;;/ nrjdd;/ <r;;tud; nrh;e;J ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij mwpthahf.

nj#!;!@f;F epwk; rptg;g[. #yj;jpw;F epwk; btz;ik. g;Uj;tpf;F epwk; fUg;g[. beUg;g[ vhpa[k;nghJ ,e;j _d;W epw';fisa[k; fhzyhk;.

,g;go _d;W kAh g{j';fspypUe;J cz;lhd md;dk;/ cliy tsh;j;J/ _d;W ghpzhk';fisg; bgWfpd;wJ. m!hughfk; - kykhf MfpwJ. !hughfk; - clypy; khk;!k;. kpft[k; !hukhdJ kdi! ngh\pf;fpwJ. mUe;Jk; #yKk;/ ePh;/ ,uj;jk;/ kdi! ngh\pf;Fk; ghfk; vd;W _d;whf khWfpwJ. njn#hkakhd MfhuKk;/ vYk;g[/ mjw;F ntz;oa !;ndAk; (gir)/ thf;if tsh;f;Fk; ghfk; vd _d;whf khWfpwJ. Mf kd!;-md;dkak;/ g;uhzd;- #ykak;/ thf;F - njn#hkak;.


"15 ehl;fs; Mfhuk; ,y;yhky; btWk; #yj;ij ghdk; gz;zp te;jhy;Tl/ g;uhzd; mHpahJ. mg;go ,Ue;J kWgoa[k; vd;dplk; th" vd;whh; jfg;gdhh;.

r;ntjnfJ/ mg;gona 15 ehl;fs; gl;odp fple;J mg;nghJ jPh;j;jj;ij khj;jpuk; mUe;jp jfg;gdhhplk; te;jhd;. jfg;gdhh; ntj';fisr; brhy;yr;brhd;dhh;. r;ntjnfJthy; vJt[k; brhy;yKoatpy;iy. mg;nghJ "eP rhg;gplhj nghJ 16 mk;r';fspy; 15 mk;r';fs; ngha; tpl;ld. ,g;nghJ rhg;gpl;L tpl;L th" vd;whh;. r;ntjnfJ rhg;gpl;l gpwF brhy;tjw;F gyk; te;jJ. md;dj;jhy; g[\;o Vw;gLfpwJ vd;W tpsf;fpdhh;. ,ijg;nghy vy;yh cyFf;Fk; fhuzkhd t!;J vy;yhtw;wpYk; cl;g[Fe;J epakpf;Fk; rf;jpnahL ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W brhd;dhh;.

gytif g[\;g';fspypUe;J njdPf;fs; njidr; nrfhpf;fpd;wd. me;j njd; Jspfs;/ "ehd; ,e;j g[\;gj;ijr; nrh;e;jtd;" vd;W jdpahf gphpj;Jr; brhy;y Koa[kh? mg;gona "!j;" vdg;gLk; guhkhj;khtplk; xd;wpd #Pthj;khf;fs;/ j';fisj; jh';fns bjhpe;J bfhs;s ,ayhJ.

gy ejpfspypUe;J jz;zPh; !Kj;jpuj;jpy; nrh;e;j gpwF mit ,d;dpd;d ejpapd; #yk; vd;W gphpj;J brhy;y Koa[kh? KoahJ.

xUtd; kuzk; mila[k; jUthapy; mtidr; nrh;e;jth;fs; mUfpy; mkh;e;J rpy nfs;tpfs; nfl;Fk;nghJ mtw;iw mtd; czh;tjpy;iy. Vbddpy; mtdJ thf;F kd!;!pYk;/ kd!;;; g;uhzdpYk;/ g;uhzd; nj#!; vdg;gLk; g{j !@B;k ruPuj;jpYk; mjd; fhuz t!;Jthd gukhj;khtplKk; yapj;J tpLtjhy;/ czh;tjpy;iy.

cybf';Fk; gukhj;kh ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;Wk;/ mtd; mHptw;wtd;/ njh\kw;wtd;/ vy;yh caph;fSf;Fk; mtd; Mj;kh/ cdf;Fs;Sk; mtd; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;W


r;ntjnfJt[f;F cj;jhyfh; cgnjrpj;jhh;. ,e;j !j;tpj;iaapy; 16 fz;l';fs; ,tw;wpy; brhy;yg;gl;lit. (1) "!j;" vd;gJ vy;yh cyfj;Jf;Fk; fhuzk;. (2) "!j;" Kjypy; "!k\;o r;U\;o" bra;fpwJ. (3) g{j';fis xd;nwhblhd;W nrh;;j;J "tpa\;o" r;U\;o bra;fpwJ. (4) j;Utpj;fuzk; vd;fpw g{j';fspd; nrh;f;if bra;ag;gLfpwJ. (5) nj#!;/ #yk;/ g;Uj;tp ,tw;why; cly; tsh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. (6) md;dj;jpd; Ez;zpa ghfk; thf;/ g;uhzd;/ kd!;i! tsh;f;fpwJ. (7) ,J ,y;iynay; kd!; BPzkhfp tpLfpwJ. (8)"!j;" - nrjd';fspy; ya!;jhdk;. (9) ,g;go yapf;Fk; #Ptd;fs; fzf;fpy;yhjit (10) flypy; ,Ue;J #yk; Mtpahfp/ kiHahfp/ ejpahtJ nghy nrjdh;fs; (#Ptd;fs;) !j;jpypUe;J g[wg;gLth;. (11) ,e;j nrjdh;fSf;F mHptpy;iy. (12) "!j;" vd;gJ kpf kpf !@B;kkhdJ (13) "!j;" - v';Fk; fue;J gue;J cs;sJ. (14) Mrhh;ad; _ykhf ,ij mwpa ntz;Lk; (15) ,e;j tpj;iiaia cgh!pg;gtDf;F vy;yh mep\;lKk; nghFk;


(16) mjdhy; kPz;Lk; !k;!hu ge;jk; ,y;iy. cj;jhyfhpd; cgnjrk; cyfpy; cs;nshh; kd';fspy; ed;F gjpa[k;go ,Ug;gjhfr; brhy;th;. 16. g{k tpj;ia

ehujh;/ !dj;Fkhuiu mQfp cgnjrk; bra;a[k;go g;uhh;j;jpj;jhh;. mtuJ kdk; fy';fpapUe;jJ. ehuj kAhp\p aht[k; mwpe;jth;. mtUf;nf fyf;fk; vd;why;? !dj;Fkhuh; ehujiug; ghh;j;J ckf;F bjhpe;jijbay;yhk; Kjypy; brhy;Y';fs; vd;whh;. ehujh; ehd; vy;yh !g;j';fisa[k; mwpe;jpUf;fpnwd; vd;whh;. ,ij cgh!pj;J (g;uk;kkhf) !g;j';fs; nfl;Fkpl';fspbyy;yhk; !";rhpj;J Mde;jk; milayhk; vd;W !dj;Fkhuh; brhy;y/ ehujh; ,jw;F nkYk; cz;lh vd;W nfl;lhh;. !k;gh\iz bjhlh;e;jJ. !g;jk;/ thf;F/ kd!;/ !';fy;gk;/ rpj;jk;/ j;ahdk;/ tp#;"hdk;/ gyk;/ md;dk;/ jz;zPh;/ nj#!;/ Mfhak;/ epidt[/ Mir vd;W gjpdhd;ifa[k; g;uk;kkhf cgh!pf;fyhk; vd;W !k;gh\id bjhlh;e;jJ. ,jw;Fk; nkyhdJ vJ vd;fpw nfs;tp te;jnghJ/ "g;uhzid" nkyhdjhf cgh!pf;fyhk; vd;Wk;/ g;uhzd; vd;gJ #Pthj;kh vd;Wk; ,e;j g;uhzid cah;e;j g[U\hh;j;jkhf cgh!pf;fyhk; vd;Wk; brhd;dhh;. !dj;Fkhuh; nkYk; brhd;dhh;. ,ij tpl "g;uk;kj;ij" cgh!id bra;tJ nkyhdjhFk;. mjw;F cgh!dk;/ kddk;/ ,jpy; r;uj;ij/ ,jpy; mirf;f Koahj gw;Wjy;/ mjw;F jFe;j bra;iffspy; Cf;fk;/ ,g;go ,Ue;J me;j g;uk;kj;ij cgh!pg;gJ "g{kh" vdg;gLk;. ,jw;F nkk;gl;lJ ,y;iy. ,J vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Mj;kh-gukhj;kh. ,g;go cgh!dk; bra;gtd;/ fh;k';fspypUe;J tpLgLfpwhd;. ,jw;F kd!; Rj;jk; ntz;Lk;. kd!; Rj;jkhtjw;F Rj;jkhd Mfhuj;ij rhg;gpl ntz;Lk;. ,g;go !dj; Fkhuh; gjpy; brhd;dhh;. ,tiu "!;fe;jh;" vd;Wk; brhy;tJz;L.


17. jAu tpj;ia

,e;j !uPuj;jpw;F g;uk;kg[uk; vd;W bgah;. ,jd; cs;ns ,Uf;fpw g[z;lhPfk; (jhkiug;g{) nghd;w rpwpa A;Ujaj;jpny Mfhrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. btspapy; cs;s Mfhrj;ijg; nghyntjhd;/ ,Jt[k;. cly; mHpa[k;nghJ/ g[z;lhPfk; mHpa[k; nghJ ,t;thfhrk; mHptjpy;iy.

,g;go cs;s Mfhrj;jpd; cs;ns fy;ahz Fz';fshd vl;L - ,ij cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; cgh!pg;gtd; -

1) mgAjghg;kh (tpid ,y;yhjtd;) 2) tp#u: (_g;gpy;yhjtd;) 3) tpk;Uj;a[ (kuzj;jpw;F ,lkhfhjtd;) 4) tpnrhf: (Jf;fkw;wtd;) 5) tp#pfj;!: (grpaw;wtd;) 6) mgpgh!: (jhfkw;wtd;) 7) !j;afhk: (epiyahd nghf;a';fis cilatd;) 8) !j;a!';fy;g: (jilapy;yhj !';fy;g rf;jpa[s;std;) --- Mf vl;L Fz';fis milfpwhd;.

ntjj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;l rpy fh;khf;fisr; bra;J

g[z;zpa gyd;fisg; bgw;whYk;/ mij mDgtpj;jJk; aht[k; mHpe;J tpLk;. Mdhy; Mj;khita[k; mjd; Fz';fisa[k; cgh!pg;gtDf;F vy;yh gyd;fSk; cz;L.

,e;j gukhj;khtpd; fy;ahz Fz';fis ehk; mwpahky; ,Ug;gJ ekJ ghgj;jhny. g{kpf;Fs;ns g[ijay; ,Ue;Jk;/ g{kpapd; nkny elg;gtDf;F mJ bjhptjpy;iy. mijg; nghy gukhj;khit mwpahky; ,Uf;fpnwhk;. ,td; A;Ujaj;jpny ,Uf;fpwhd;. cgh!fdhfpa #Pthj;kh clypypUe;J gphpe;j gpwF gu#;n"hjpia milfpwhd; vd;gJ ,e;j gukhj;khjhd;. ,td; nrjdk;/ mnrjdk; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; Ms;fpwtd;. vy;yh cyf';fisa[k; vy;yh g{j';fisa[k;/ vy;yh t!;Jf;fisa[k; xd;nwhblhd;W


fye;J mHpahjgo M';fh';F epWj;jp mjd; mjd; jd;iknahL fhf;fpd;whd;. ,tdplj;jpy; ve;j njh\Kk; ,y;iy. ,tidmiltjhy; "jhgj;uak;" eP';Fk;.

,tidg; bgw/ g;uk;kr;rhpak; ntz;Lk;. g;uk;kr;rhpaj;jhny g;uk;k nyhfj;jpy; "muk;"vd;Wk; "g[z;ak;" vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLk; ,uz;L !Kj;jpu';fisa[k; "Iuk;kjPak;" vd;fpw jlhfj;ija[k;/ "n!hk!tdk;" vd;Dk; mur kuj;ija[k; jhz;o "mguh#pij" vd;fpw g;uk;kj;jpd; (gukhj;kh) uh#jhdpf;Fr; brd;W/ gukhj;kh vGe;jUspa[s;s mHfpa !;jhdj;ij mile;J g;Uk;khDgtk; bgWfpwhd;. (gukgjk; milfpwhd;).

A;Ujaj;jpy; cs;s vy;yh ehofSf;Fk; !@h;a f;uz';fSf;Fk; rk;ge;jk; cz;L. A;Ujaj;jpy; cs;s 101 ehofspy; xU eho jiyg; gf;fk; cs;s ehoapd; tHpna !@;h;a kz;lyk; ngha; kndhntfkha; gukgjk; (itFz;lk;) nrh;e;jhy; nkny brhd;d gyd;fs; cz;L. ,Jnt "jAu tpj;ia" vdg;gLfpwJ. 18. g;u#hgjp tpj;ia

nkny brhd;d "gu" tpj;iaf;F ,e;j g;u#hgjp tpj;ia m';fk; (Kz;lnfhgep\j;ijg; ghh;f;f). g;u#hgjp jd; gps;isfshd njth;fSk;/ mRuh;fSk; nBkkhf ,Ug;gjw;fhf Mj;khit vl;L Fz';fnshL mwpe;jtDf;F !h;t nyhfKk;/ !h;t RfKk; cz;L vd;gjhf brhd;dnj ,e;j tpj;ia.

njth;fspy; g;ujhdd; ,e;jpuDk;/ mRuh;fspy; g;ujhdd; tpnuhrdDk;/ 32 tU\ fhyk; g;uk;kr;rh;ak; mD\;oj;J g;u#hgjpia mQf mth;/ "Mj;kh fz;zpy; bjhpfpwjh?" vd;W nfl;lhh;. fz;zpy; ,Uf;Fk; epHiy-mjd; gpujpgpk;gk; jhd; Mj;kh vd;W epidj;jdh;. tpnuhrdd; ,jidna mRuh;fSf;F cgnjrpj;jhd;. mjdhy; mth;fs; njAhj;kthjpfs; Mdhh;fs;. ,e;j;uDf;F jpUg;jp ,y;iy.


mtd; g;u#hgjpia kWgoa[k; nfl;f/ mth; gog;goahf !;tg;d mt!;ijapy; cs;s Mj;k !;t%gk;/ cwf;fj;jpy; cs;s Mj;k!;t%gk;/ ,tw;iwr; brhy;y ,g;bghGJk; ,e;j;ud; jpUg;jp milatpy;iy. 101 tU\';fs; g;uk;kr;rhpak; ,Ue;J "jAu tpj;iaapy;" gfthDf;F cs;s vl;L Fz';fSk; ,tDf;Fk; cz;L. ,td; clypy; ,Ue;J g[wg;gl;L gukhj;khit mile;J Rfg;gLfpwhd; vd;W cgnjrpj;jhh;. ,e;j;uDk; jpUg;jp mile;J njth;fSf;F ,ij cgnj!pj;jhd;. Mj;k!;t%gj;ij ,e;j tpj;iaapdhny #;"hd nahf gyj;jhny mile;J gf;jpnahfj;jpy; ,Hpe;J nkhBk; miltnj gyd;.

gfthid fhpa jpUnkdp cilatdhft[k;/ nrjd mnrjd';fSf;F me;jh;ahkpahft[k; ,Utiffshf cgh!pf;fpnwd;. Fjpiu kapiu rpyph;j;J cjWtJ nghny ghg';fis cjwpj;js;sp uhFtpdpd;W tpLgl;l re;j;ud;nghny ruPuj;jpypUe;J tpLgl;L gukgjk; nrUfpnwd;. !j;t Fzj;ij mHpj;J Rf;yjhJit cl;bfhs;Sk; #d;kk; ,y;iy.

,e;j !he;njhf;a cgep\j;jpy; brhd;d tpj;ia aht[k; g;uA;kh g;u#hgjpf;Fk;/ g;u#hgjp kDt[f;Fk;/ kD g;ui#fSf;Fk; cgnjrpj;jJ. Mrhh;aid mQfp cgnjrk; bgw;W ,e;j;hpa';fis Mj;khtplk; brYj;jp (,e;j;hpa';fis mlf;fp) itjPf fh;khf;fisr; bra;J/ #PtApk;ir bra;ahky; nkw;brhd;d tpj;iafspy; xd;iw cgh!pg;gth; Ma[l;fhyk; Koe;jJk; g;uA;kj;ij (gukhj;kh) milfpwhd;.

g;uk;kj;ij mwptJ cgep\j;Jf;fisf; bfhz;L. me;j g;uk;kj;ij ehd; cgh!pg;ngd;. g;uk;kk; vd;id Mjhpf;fl;Lk;. Mj;k tp\a';fspy; <Lgl;l vdf;F cgep\j;Jf;fspy; brhy;yg;gl;l jh;k';fs; vy;yhk; !pj;jpf;f ntz;Lk;. mit vd;id uBpf;f ntz;Lk;.


19. g[U\hj;ktpj;ia

(,J g;UAjhuz;af cgep\j;jpy; tUfpwJ. ,Ue;jhYk;/ tpj;iafis thpirahf brhy;ypf; bfhz;L ,Ug;gjhy;/ ,';F nrh;f;fg;gl;L tpthpf;fg;gLfpwJ).

Kjd; Kjypy; Mj;kh xnu g[U\ %gkhf ,Ue;jJ.

,jw;F (gukhj;kh) g[U\d; vd;nw bgah;. jdpikapy; Rfk; bgwhky;/ ,uz;lhtjhf xd;iw tpUk;gp !;j;hPa[k;/ g[U\Dk; nrh;e;jnjhh; cUtkhfp/ gpwF !;j;hP ntW/ g[U\d; ntW vd;W gphpj;Jf; bfhz;lJ. ,UtUk; g[zUk; nghJ jhd; gpwg;gpj;j !;j;hPnahL jhnd g[zh;tJ rhpay;y vd;W fUjp/ !;j;hPahdts; gRthf khwpdhs;. ,';'dk;/ xt;bthd;wpYk;/ !;j;hP g[U\ ngjk;/ vy;yh #Pt uhrpfspYk;; r;U\;o bra;J/ jd; cs;s';ifapypUe;J gukhj;kh mf;dpiag; gilj;jJ. njth;fs; r;U\;o/ !df/ !de;jhjp Kjypth;fspd; r;U\;o bra;ag;gl;lJ. mit xt;bthd;wpYk; gukhj;kh cl;g[Fe;jJ. me;j Mj;khit cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;.milag;gl ntz;oaJ mJnt. ,jw;F "Mj;nkhgh!dk;" vd;W bgah;. ,tDf;F njth;fSk; ,il";ry; bra;a khl;lhh;fs;. Mdhy;/ njth;fisnah kw;w njtijfisnah cgh!pg;gtd;/ mth;fSf;F jh!dha;/ khL nghy; ciHf;f ntz;oatdhfpwhd;. kdpjh;fSf;F Mj;k#;"hdk; Vw;gLtij njth;fSk;/ ,ju njtijfSk; tpUk;g[tjpy;iy. jdf;F ciHf;Fk; khL jd;id tpl;L ngha; tpLfpwJ my;yth?

xUtd; g{h;zdhtjw;F/ kidtp/ g[jy;td;/ gzk;/ ey;y bra;if vd;fpw ehd;Fk; bghUe;jpapUf;f ntz;Lk;. thf;F-kidtp/ g;uhzd; - g[jy;td;/ fz;Qk;/ fhJk;-gzk;. clny -ey;y bray;fisr; bra;a cjt[fpwJ. ,t;tsthf #Ptd; g{uzzhf ,Ue;J gukhj;khit cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;

midtUf;Fk; je;ijahd gukhj;kh VG md;d';fis cz;lhf;fpdhd;. mtw;wpy; xd;iw vy;yhUf;Fk; bghJthf Mf;fpdhd;. (,J ehk; jpde;njhWk; cz;gJ. njth;fs;/


tpUe;jpdh; ,th;fSf;F mspj;j gpwnf ehk; cz;z ntz;Lk;. Vbddpy; ,J ahtUf;Fk; bghJ my;yth?) njth;fSf;F ,uz;il mspj;jhd; (ntj';fspYk;/ !;k;UjpfspYk; mth;fSf;fhf tpjpf;fg;gl;l jh;!g{h;z kh!';fs; vd;fpw fh;khf;fs;) xd;iw gRt[f;F mspj;jhd;. (,J ghiyf; bfhLf;fpwJ). _d;iw jdf;fhf itj;Jf; bfhz;lhd; (kdk;/ thf;F/ g;uhzd;)

vy;yh ,e;j;hpa';fSf;Fk; kdn! Kf;fpak;. kd!; ntW Vjhtjpy; yapj;jpUe;jhy; fz;zpy; gl;lJ fhzg;glhJ. fhjpy; nfl;lJ nfl;fg;glhJ. tpUg;gk;/ !';fy;gk;/ Iak;/ ek;g[jy;/ mtek;gpf;if/ ijhpak;/ mijhpak;/ btl;fk;/ mwpt[/ gak; -- ,it vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; fhuzk; kdn!. ,g;gona thf;F vd;fpw ,e;j;hpaKk; Kf;fpakhdJ. _d;whtJ g;uhzd;. ,J g;uhz-mghd- t;;ahd-cjhd-!khd';fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. _d;W md;d';fshny Mj;kh jd;Dila epiyiag; bgWfpwJ.

,tw;wpy; g;uhzDf;F njtij re;j;ud;. mtDf;F 16 fiyfs;. xt;bthU ehSk; xt;bthU fiyahf 15 fiyfs; mHpa[k;. mitna kWgoa[k; tsUk;. 16tJ fiy mHptw;wJ. mkhth!;ia md;W re;j;ud; ,e;j fiy (16tJ fiy) _yk; vy;yh gpuhzpfSf;Fs;Sk; g[Fe;jpUg;ghd;. re;j;uidg; nghynt g[U\Df;Fk; 16 fiyfs;. jhnd xU fiy. mJ mHptw;wJ. mHpa[k; fiyfs; 15. ,J mtUila brhj;J. brhj;Jfs; mHptJk;/ tsh;tJk; ehk; ghh;f;fpnwhk;. ,g;gog;gl;l g[U\d;/ g[j;jpuidg; bgw;W kD\;a nyhfj;ija[k;/ fhk;a fh;k';fisr; bra;J gpj;U nyhfj;ija[k;/ gf;jpnahfk; bra;J njt nyhfj;ija[k; (gukgjk; vd;W ,';F bghUs; bfhs;f) bgw ntz;Lk;.

tha[ njtij vg;nghJk; tPrpf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpwJ. mf;dp vhpj;Jf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpwJ. btapy; fha;e;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpwJ. epyt[k; mg;gona. ,itfSf;bfy;yhk;; m!;jkdk; vd;gJ cz;L. !@h;a re;j;uh;fs; thdj;jpy; r";rhpg;gjw;F tha[tpd; rfhak;


ntz;Lk;. tha[nt cah;e;jJ. g;uhzDk; xU tha[nt. ,e;j;hpa';fspy; g;uhzd; cah;e;jJ. g;uhzDf;F nkw;gl;l #Pthj;kht[k;/ gukhj;kht[k; Tl g;uhzd; vd;nw miHf;fg;gLtJ cz;L. g;uhzd; mk;Ujk;; Mj;kh mk;Ujk;. ,g;go #fj;fhuzdhd gukhj;khit cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;.

20 - ghyhfp tpj;ia (,Jt[k; g;UAjhuz;af cgep\j;jpy; cs;snj).

m#hjrj;U vd;fpw murdplk;/ ghyhfp vd;gtd; jd;Dila g;uk;k#;"hd mwpit btspg;gLj;j Mty; bfhz;L murdplk; brd;W jd;Dila mwpthw;wiy btspg;gLj;jpdhd;. !@h;a kz;lyk;/ re;j;u kz;lyk;/ kpd;dy;/ Mfhak; ,g;go xt;bthd;whf brhy;yp m';nfa[s;s Mj;khit (#Pthj;kh) g;uk;kkhfr; brhd;dhd;. m#hjrj;U ,ij xg;g[f; bfhs;shky;/ ,tw;iw kWj;J/ thjpl;lhd;. ghyhfp m#hjrj;Uitg; gzpe;J/ g;uk;kj;ijg; gw;wp brhy;YkhW nfl;lhd;. m#hjrj;U ghyhfpia miHj;Jf; bfhz;L/ J]';Fgtd; mUfpy; brd;W/ mtid vGg;gpdhd;. mtd; vGe;jpUf;fhky; ,Uf;fnt/ ifahy; mirj;J vGg;gpdhd;. mtd; vGe;jt[ld;/ murd; ghyhfpiag; ghh;j;J ",g;nghJ tpHpj;jtd;/ cw';Fk;nghJ v';F ,Ue;jhd; vd;gJ cdf;F bjhpa[kh? v';nfapUe;J te;jhd; vd;gJ bjhpa[kh?" vd;W nfl;lhd;. ghyhfpf;F gjpy; brhy;y bjhpatpy;iy.

murd;/ ,g;nghJ/ mtDf;F cgnjrpj;jhd;.

J]';f Muk;gpf;Fk;nghJ/ ,e;j;hpa';fs; ntiy bra;tjpypUe;J Xa;t[ bgw Muk;gpf;fpd;wd. #Ptd; !;tg;dk; fhz ,Uf;Fk; ehofspy; brd;W !;tg;d';fisf; fz;L/ gpwF A;Ujaj;jpw;Fr; brd;W/ m';fpUe;J Mfhrk; brd;W gukhj;khtplk; cw';FfpwJ. ,g;go J]';fp vGe;jpUf;Fk;nghJ gukhj;khtplkpUe;J btspg;gLk;nghJ


,e;j;hpa';fSld; nrh;e;J vy;yh czh;r;rpfisa[k; jpUk;gg; bgWfpwJ. (bfs\Pjfp cgep\j;jpy; ,J tptukhf brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ).

#Pthj;kh mjhtJ g;uhzd; - gR';fd;W. ,jw;F

fh;g;g!;jhdk; A;Ujak;. ,J btspg;gl;L tps';Fk; !;jhdk; cly;. md;dk; vd;fpw fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;go czh;e;jtUf;F VG rj;Uf;fshy; mHptpy;iy. (,uz;L fz;/ ,uz;L fhJ/ ,uz;L ehrpj;thuk;/ tha; Mf VG). jiyapy; epiyj;Js;sJ g;uhzd;.

g;uk;kj;jpw;F ,uz;L %g';fs;. kz;/ ePh;/ beUg;g[ ,jpy; j';fpapUg;gJ xU %gk;. ,J _h;j;j %gk;. tha[t[k;/ MfhaKk; kw;bwhU %gk; - ,J m_h;j;j %gk;. ,J rj;aj;jpw;bfy;yhk; rj;ak;. (rj;ak;-#Pthj;kh. mtw;Wf;bfy;yhk; rj;ak; -g;uk;kk;-gukhj;kh). 21. ikj;nuap tpj;ia (,Jt[k; g;UAjhuz;af cgep\j;jpy; cs;snj)

ah#;" ty;f;ah; kAhp\p. mtUf;F ,uz;L kidtpfs;. _j;j kidtp ikj;nuap. ,isa kidtp fhj;ahadp. ,J ah#;" ty;f;aUf;Fk; mtuJ kidtp ikj;nuapf;Fk; ele;j !k;thjk;. ikj;nuap - g{kp mst[ gzk; fpilj;jhYk;/ mjdhy; nkhBk; bgw Koa[kh? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - KoahJ. brhj;J ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j cyf thH;f;iff;F cgnahfg;gLk;. nkhBk; bgw ,ayhJ. ikj;nuap - brhj;ij gphpj;Jf; bfhLg;gjhfr; brhd;dPh;fs;. nkhBj;jpw;F cgnahfg;glhjJ vdf;F vjw;F? nkhB cghaj;ij cgnjrpa[';fs;.


ah#;"ty;f;ah; - kpf;f re;njh\k;. ehd; brhy;tij ftdkhff; nfs;. xUtUf;bfhUth; gphpakhtJ vd;gJ ehk; epidg;gjhy; my;y. gukhj;kh mg;go epidj;jhy;jhd; mJ elf;Fk;. vg;nghJk; g;hpakhf ,Uf;Fk; gukhj;khit cgnjrk; _ykhf nfl;L mwpe;J j;ahdpj;J mDgtpf;f ntz;Lk;. ,ij mila ,e;j;hpa';fis mlf;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;j gukhj;kh/ tp#;"hdhj;k (#Pthj;k) !;t%gdha; g";r g{j';fnshL fye;J tUfpwJ. ikj;nuap - ,ij tpsf;f ntQk; ah#;"ty;f;ah; - vy;;yhk; Mj;khnt vd;W mwpahjtd;- mwpfpwtd;/ mwpa[k; fUtp/ mwpag;gLgtJ ,tw;iw btt;ntwhf ghh;g;ghd;. v';Fk; t;ahgpj;Js;s Mj;khthfnt vy;yhtw;iwa[k; fhz;gtDf;F ,g;go ntWghL njhd;whJ. vijf; fz;lhYk; Mj;khitf; fhz;gjhfnt njhd;Wk;. 22 - gh;a';f tpj;ia (,J bfs\Pjfp cgep\j;jpy; cs;sJ)

rpj;ud; vd;fpw murd;/ mUzhpd; g[jy;tiu ahfk; bra;tpf;f ntz;odhd;. mth; jd; g[j;udhd r;ntjnfJit mDg;gpdhh;. murd;/ r;ntjnfJitg; ghh;j;J/ "vd;idnah kw;wtiunah (kw;w murh;fisnah) ahfk; bra;tpj;J mjdhy; milag;gLk; nyhfj;ijg; gw;wpa uf!;ak; cs;sjh? mJ c';fSf;F bjhpa[kh? mjd; khh;f;fk; vd;d?" vd;W nfl;lhh;.

r;ntj nfJt[f;F gjpy; brhy;y bjhpatpy;iy. jfg;gdhhplk; jpUk;gp tpl;lhd;. jfg;gdhhplk; ele;jijr; brhd;dhd;. jfg;gdhUf;Fk; bjhpatpy;iy. mth; murdplk; brd;W ,ij bjhptpf;f ntz;odhh;.

murd; brhd;djhtJ - ,t;t[yfpy; kuzk; milgth; re;j;u nyhfk; bry;fpd;wdh;. re;j;ud; nkYyfj;jpw;F thry; nghd;wtd;. re;j;ud; nfl;Fk; nfs;tpfSf;F gjpy; brhy;gtiu nkny bry;YkhW mDkjpf;fpwhd;. gjpy;


bjhpahjtid kiH _ykhfj; jpUg;gp/ cyfj;jpw;nf mDg;g[fpwhd;. mg;go jpUk;gpatd; ,t;t[yfpy; kW gpwtp vLf;fpwhd;.

re;j;ud; "eP ahh;?" vd;W nfl;f/ g";rhf;dp tpj;iaapy; brhy;ypago Ie;J epiyfisg; bgw;W/ gpwtpia mile;jtd;. ,dp vd;id mt;thW gpwf;FkhW tplntz;lhk;/ gfthd; rj;ak; vd;W jtj;jhny czh;e;njd; vd;W gjpy; brhy;gtid re;j;ud; tpl;L tpLfpwhd;. mg;gor; brhy;gtid nkny (mh;r;rpuhjp khh;f;fj;jpy;) nghf mDkjpf;fpwhd;. mg;go mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltd; mf;dp nyhfk;/ tha[ nyhfk;/ tUz nyhfk;/ Mjpj;a nyhfk;/ ,e;j;u nyhfk;/ g;uk;k nyhfk; vd;W ,g;go mh;r;rpuhjp khh;f;fj;jpy; bry;fpwhd;.

g;uk;k nyhfj;jpy; muk; vd;fpw kL cs;sJ. KA@h;j;jh;fs; vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpwth;fs;/ mayhiu joahy; moj;J tpul;Lthh;fs;. ,jw;F nkny "tpui#" vd;fpw MW. jpt;ak; vd;fpw t;UBk;. "!hy#ak;" vd;W brhy;yg;gLk; "mguh#pjk;" vd;fpw uh#jhdp. ,jw;F ,e;j;ud;/ g;u#hgjp vd;W ,uz;L j;thughyfh;fs;. "g;ug[tpkpjk;"/ "tp\g;ukpjk;" vd;W brhy;yg;gLk; tprhykhd kz;lgk;. "tprBiz" vd;fpw gPlk;. mkpbjs#!; vdg;gLk; mstw;w g;ufhrk; cila fl;oy;. vy;yhtw;iwa[k; bfhs;is bfhs;Sk; njtpah;fs;. vz;zw;w !;j;hP uj;d';fs;. ,j;jifa g;uk;k nyhfj;jpw;F ,td; tUfpwhd;. gfthd; "tpui#" Mw;wpd; mUnf te;J fl;lisapl;lJk;/ ifapy; khiya[ld; 100 jpt;a mg;!u!;fs;/ ikia itj;Jf; bfhz;L 100 jpt;a mg;!u!;fs;/ fe;jg; bgho/ gl;L t!;j;uk;/ Mguz';fs; ,itfis Ve;jpf; bfhz;L E]W/ E]W mg;!u!;fs;-Mf 500 mg;!u!;fs; ,tDf;F my';fhuk; bra;fpd;wdh;.

mh;r;rpuhjp khh;f;fj;jpy; te;j #Ptd; (Kf;jd;) "muk;" vd;fpw kLit epidj;j khj;jpuj;jpy; jhz;o/


KA@h;j;jh;fs; tpyfp tHptpl "tpui#" Mw;iwa[k; epidj;j khj;jpuj;jpy; fle;J/ "jpt;ak;" vd;fpw kuj;ij mQfp/ g;uk;kj;jpd; eWkzk; ,tDila ruPuj;jpw;F Vw;gl "!hy#;ak;" vd;fpw ,lj;jpw;F te;J "mguh#pjk;" vd;fpw muz;kidapy; g[Fe;J "g;uk;k nj#!;" b#hypf;f/ ,e;j;ud;/ g;u#hgjp vd;fpw ,U j;thughyfh;fs; tHptpl/ "tp\g;ukpjk;" vd;fpw kz;lgj;ij mile;J/ "g;uk;kar!;" te;J nru/ tprBiz vd;fpw gPlj;ij beU';fp/ "mkpbjs#!;" vd;fpw fl;oiy mila/ gfthd; ,tid "eP ahh;?" vd;W nfl;f/ Kf;jd; "!;th;f;fj;jpypUe;J Mfhrk;/ tha[/ nkfk; Kjypa tHpfspy; fPnH ,w';fp vz;zw;w gpwg;g[fs; vLj;j #Pthj;kh. ePh; vy;yh #Pthj;khf;fSf;Fk; Mj;kh mjhtJ gukhj;kh. monaDf;Fk; Mj;kh. ehd; kd!;/ thf;F/ cly; kw;Wk; ,e;j;hpa';fspd; cjtpa[ld; Mz;/ bgz;/ myp vd;W gw;gy b#d;kk;/cUt';fs; vLj;njd;. cly;/ ,e;j;hpak;/ kd!;/ g;uhzd;/ mwpt[ ,tw;iwbay;yhk; tpl ehd; nkyhdtd; vd;W bjhpe;J bfhz;nld;. njthPiu Mj;khthf cilatd;. njthPUf;nf nr\g{jd;"vd;W gjpy; brhy;fpwhd;.

gh;a';f tpj;iaahd ,jpy; brhy;yg;gl;lgo gfthid cgh!pg;gth; gfthdpd; jpUtofis milth;. 23. g;ujh;je tpj;ia (,Jt[k; bfs\Pjfp cgep\j;jpy; cs;sJ).

jpnthjh!d; vd;gthpd; Fkhud; g;ujh;jdd;. kpft[k; guhf;ukrhyp. rz;ilfspy; ,e;j;uDf;F cjtp bra;jtd;. xU rkak; ,e;j;ud; ,lkhd !;th;f;f nyhfk; brd;whd;. ,e;j;ud; ,tdplk; "tud; mspf;fpnwd; nfs;", vd;whd;. g;ujh;jdd; "kdp[jDf;F vJ Apjnkh/ mijna tukhf vdf;F mspg;ghahf" vd;whd;.


,e;j;ud; brhd;djhtJ:

vd;id cgh!id bra;. vd;id cgh!pj;jhy; khj;UAj;jp/ gpj;UAj;jp/ fst[/ fh;g;gAj;jp nghd;wtw;why; tUk; ghgk; fpilahJ. ghgk; bra;jjw;fhf Kfk; fUf;fhJ. ehd; g;uhzd;. vd;id Ma[s; vd;Wk;/ mk;Ujk; vd;Wk; cgh!dk; bra;. ,jdhy; KG Ma[isg; bgw;W !;th;f;f nyhfj;jpYk; mHpahky; ,Ug;gha;.

g;uhz tha[ vy;yh ,e;j;hpa';fspYk; t;ahgpj;J ,e;j;hpa';fis ntiy bra;ar; bra;fpwJ. g;uhznd g;u#;i". g;u#;i"na g;uhzd;. ,uz;Lk; nrh;e;nj ,Uf;Fk;. nrh;e;nj clypypUe;J g[wg;gl;L tpLk;. g;u#;i" vd;gJ #Ptd;. ,tw;Wf;F Mj;kh gfthd;. Mde;j !;t%gd;; gpwg;g[ ,wg;g[ mw;wtd;; ey;tpid/ jPtpidfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;ltd; ; cyf';fisf; fhg;gtd; ; epakpf;fpwtd; ; ,g;gog;gl;ltid vdf;Fk; Mj;khthf cgh!id bra;. ,Jnt "g;ujh;jd tpj;ia" MFk;. 24. rhz;oy;a tpj;ia (mf;dp uA!;aj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ)

!j;aj;ij g;uk;kkhf cgh!pg;ghahf. !j;ak; vd;fpw g;uk;kk; vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Mj;kh. v';Fk; gue;jtd;. mQt[f;Fk; mQthdtd;. vy;yhtw;wpYk; bghpatd;. vdf;Fk; Mj;kh vd;W cgh!id bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W r;ntjnfJt[f;F rhz;oy;ah; Twpdhh;. 25. g[U\ tpj;ia kw;Wk; 26. e;ah! tpj;ia

g;uA;knzj;th kA! Xk; ,jp Mj;khek; a[#;#Pj..... vd;W Muk;gpg;gJ "e;ah! tpj;ia". j!;ia - tk; tpJ\..... vd;W Muk;gpj;Jr;brhy;yg;gLtJ "g[U\ tpj;ia" (g[U\ tpj;ia---ijj;jphPa ehuhaz cgep\j; )


Mj;khthfpw Atp!;i! gukhj;khtplk; nrh;g;gpj;jyhfpw ahfk; vd;W brhy;yyhk; (a#;" %gkhfr; bra;ag;gLfpw e;ah! tpj;ia) ,jw;F Mj;kh - a#khdd;. !;uj;jh - M!;jpf g[j;jp. gj;dP - jh;kgj;dP. !hPuk; - !kpj;J. khh;ghdJ ahfk; gz;Qkplk;/ mjhtJ mf;dpFz;lk;. clk;gpy; cs;s nuhk';fs; - ghp!;juzk;. jiykaph; - jh;g;gf;fl;L. A;Ujak; - a{g!;jk;gk;. MirahdJ bea; . nfhgkhdJ - bts;shL. Mnyhrpf;fpw mwpt[ - beUg;g[. vy;yh t!;Jf;fSf;Fk; mETykhf ,Uf;fpw mwpt[ - jBpiz. thf;F - nAhjh. g;uhzd; - !hkfhdk; gz;Qfpw Uj;tpf;. fz; - mj;th;a[ vd;fpw Uj;tpf;. kdk; - g;uA;k vd;fpw Uj;tpf;. fhJ -mf;ePj;ud; vd;fpw Uj;tpf;. vt;tst[ fhyk; capUld; ,Uf;fpnwhkh mJ ahf jPiB. vijr; rhg;gpLfpwhndh/ Fof;fpwhndh - mJ n!hkghdk;. tpisahLfpwhd; vd;W brhy;yg;gLtJ "cg!j;" vd;fpw ahfk;. elg;gJ/ vGe;jpUg;gJ/ cl;fhUtJ - mJ "g;uth;f;ak;" vd;fpw ahfk;. Kfk; - MAtePak; vd;fpw mf;dp. ,tuJ mwpt[ - nAhkg; bghUs;. fhiyapYk;/ khiyapYk; rhg;gpLtJ - mJ !kpj;. khiy/ fhiy/ kjpak; vd;git _d;W !td';fs; (jhep/ !tehep nghd;wit) gfy; ,ut[fs; - jh;r g{h;zkh! ,\;ofs;. gB';fs;/ khj';fs; - rhJh;kh!;a ahfk;. UJf;fs; -gR ge;jk;. tU\';fs;/ mtw;wpd; cl;gphpt[fs; - mAh;fzk;.

,e;j ahfkhdJ vy;yhr; brhj;ija[k; jBpizahf bfhz;lJ. kuzk; - mtg;Uj !;ehdk; (rhe;njhf;aj;jpy; 3 - 16-1 brhy;yg;gl;l g[U\ tpj;ia ntW) rhe;njhf;aj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;lJ/ Ma[g;uhg;;jpia gykhf cila !;tje;j;u tpj;ia vd;W !;thkp njrpfd; mjpfuz !huhtspapy; mUspa[s;shh;.

mh;r;rpuhjp khh;f;fk; --- ,e;j khh;f;fk;/ cgnfhry tpj;ia/ g";rhf;dp tpj;ia/ gh;a';f tpj;iafspy; tptukhfr; brhy;yg;gl;oUf;fpwJ. g;uA;k cgh!fh;fs; vy;nyhUk; mh;r;rpuhjp fjpiar; rpe;jid bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;fpw vz;zj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;oUf;fpwJ.


cgep\j;jpy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;s (gf;jp nahfj;jpy; brhy;yg;gLk;) kpff; fodkhd g;uA;k tpj;iafs; - 32. ,it cgh!dh khh;f;f';fs;. mitaht: 1. mf;dptpj;ia 2. mBu tpj;ia 3. Mde;j tpj;ia 4. mjpk;Uj;a[gh!d tpj;ia 5. ghyhfp tpj;ia 6. g{k tpj;ia 7. g;uA;k tpj;ia 8. rhz;oy;a tpj;ia 9. jAu tpj;ia 10. #;nahjph; tpj;ia 11. nfhr tp#;"hd tpj;ia 12. kJ tpj;ia 13. ikj;nuap tpj;ia 14. bfsuB #;nahjph; tpj;ia 15. e;ah! tpj;ia 16. g";rhf;dp tpj;ia 17. gu tpj;ia 18. gu;a';f tpj;ia 19. g;u#hgjp tpj;ia 20. g;uhz tpj;ia 21. g;ujh;d tpj;ia 22. g[U\ tpj;ia 23. g[U\hj;k tpj;ia 24. iuf;t tpj;ia 25. g[Un\hj;jk tpj;ia 26. !j; tpj;ia 27. !h;t gu tpj;ia 28. n\hl! fy g;uA;k tpj;ia 29. cj;fPj tpj;ia 30. cgnfh!y tpj;ia 31. it\;zt tpj;ia 32. itr;theu tpj;ia


nkhBk; mila ,uz;L tHpfs;:

Kjy; tHp : 1) gf;jp nahfk; _ykhf (2) g;ugj;jp _ykhf gukgjj;ij milayhk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. Kjy; tHpapy; gfthd; $fpU\;zd; $kj; gftj;fPijapy; mUspa "fh;k nahfk;" / ""hd nahfk;", ,uz;ila[k; ed;F g[hpe;J bfhz;L (frlwf; fw;W) gpwF "gf;jp nahfj;jpy;" ,Hpe;J 32 cgh!dh khh;f;f';fspy; VjhtJ xd;wpy; “ijyjhiu” nghd;W g[j;jpiar;brYj;jp gfthid miljy;. ,g;gor; bra;J bfhz;nl te;jhy;/ gyg;gy #d;k';fs; vLj;J/ me;je;j #d;k thridahny ,e;j g[j;jp bjhlh;e;J ,Ue;J/ VjhtJ xU #d;kj;jpy; gfthdpd; jpUtoia milayhk;. bghpa "hdpfSf;Fk;/ kAhd;fSf;Fk;/ kAhp\pfSf;Fk; ,J Koa[nkh/ vd;dnth?

ek;ikg;nghd;w guk bysfPfj;jpy; cHYk; rk;rhhpfSf;F Vw;wJ ,uz;lhtJ tHpahd g;ugj;jpjhd;. ,uhkhazk; KGtJk; g;ugj;jp jh;kj;ijr; brhy;fpwJ. g;uA;k tpj;iafs; vy;yhk; gfthid miltjw;fhd rhjd tpj;iafs;. rj; tpj;ah/ g{k tpj;ah/ jAu tpj;ah/ cgnfhry tpj;ah/ rhz;oy;a tpj;ah/ itr;th eu tpj;ah/ Mde;j ka tpj;ah/ mBu tpj;ah Kjypa tpj;iafs; xnu rhifapy; ,Ug;gitfs; kw;Wk; mndf rhiffspy; ,Ug;gitfSf;fhd cjhuz';fs;. ,g;gog;gl;l g;uA;k tpj;iaahdJ kuz fhy gh;ae;jk; ,iltplhky; jpde;njhWk; mE\;of;fg;gl ntz;o ,Uf;fpwJ. ,';F 32 g;uA;k tpj;iafspd; bgah;fSk; rpy tpj;iafspd; tptuKk; RUf;fkhff; bfhLf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wd. tptuk; bfhLf;fg;glhj tpj;iafs; cgep\j;J %gkhfnt ,Uf;fyhk;. gukgjth!p $ c.nt. Kf;Th; yB;kP e;U!pk;Ahr;rhhpahh; !;thkp ,e;j 32 g;uA;k tpj;iafis mof;for; brhy;thh;. mnefh; mtUila cge;;ah!j;jpy; nfl;oUf;fyhk;. ,e;j 32 tpj;iafSf;Fk; Mjhuk; $Aaf;hPtd;. vy;yh tpj;iafSf;Fnk Mjhuk; $Aaf;hPtd;. gfthd;/ $Aaf;hPt mtjhuk; vLj;J ntj';fis/ kJ/ iflgh;fsplkpUe;J kPl;Lj; jpUk;gt[k;


g;UA;;kht[f;F cgnjrpj;jjhy;jhd;/ ntjk; vy;yh cyf';fspYk; gutp ,Uf;fpwJ. eP';fs;/ c';fs; ,uz;L fhJfisa[k; ,uz;L iffshy; ,nyrhf _of; bfhz;lt[ld;/ nfl;Fk; rg;jk; ntjk; rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ.

$e;U!pk;A jhgePa cgep\j;jpy; $e;U!pk;A

mE\;Lg; ke;j;uk; 32 mBu';fshf cs;sJ.

$Aaf;hPtidg; gw;wpa Kf;a ke;j;uk; 32 mBu';fspYs;s mE\;Lg; r;nyhfk;.

,it/ 32 g;uA;k tpj;iafisf; Fwpg;gjhfg; bghpnahh; brhy;th;.

Mf 32 g;uA;k tpj;iafspd; bgUikiaa[k;/ mUikiaa[k; brhy;ypy; tpthpf;f ,ayhJ.


10 g;UAjhuz;af cgep\j;J

,J cUtpy;bghpaJ. Rf;y a#@h; ntjj;ijr; nrh;e;j rjgj g;uhk;kzj;jpd; filrpg; gFjp. ,J fhz;tk;/ khj;ae;jpdk; vd;W ,uz;L gphpt[fs;. (fpisfs;). g;uhA;kzk; - fhz;t rhifapYk; khj;ae;jpd rhifapYk; cs;sJ.

vl;L mj;aha';fs; ,jpy; cs;sd. Kjy; ,uz;L mj;aha';fs; #;"hdj;ijg; gw;wpr; brhy;fpwJ. “g;uth;f;ak;” vd;fpw n!hk ahfj;ijr; nrh;e;j xU m';fj;ijr; brhy;tjhft[k;brhy;th;. kPjp MW mj;aha';fSf;Fk; gh\;ak; (tphpt[iu) cz;L .

xd;iw kw;bwhd;whfg; ghtpg;;gJ “j;U\;o tpjp” vdg;gLk;. mr;tnkj ahfk; bjhl';fp/ xU tU\ fhyk; fHpj;J ,ijr; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpwJ (xd;iw kw;bwhd;whfg; ghtpg;gJ). Fjpiuapd; jiy/ fz;/ g;uhzd; Kjypa m';f';fis tpoaw;fhiy ntis (c\j; fhyk;) R{h;ad;/ tha[ ,itfisg; nghy ghtpf;f ntz;Lk;. ahfk; bra;gtd; ,J nghd;w ghtidfisj; bjspe;J bra;a ntz;Lk;. tpiutpy; gyd; bgwyhk;.

gukhj;kh cUtj;ij vLf;f tpUg;gk; bfhz;L #yj;ij cw;gj;jp bra;jJ. #yj;jpd; rhukhf/ g{kp cz;lhapw;W. mjpypUe;J/ mf;dp cz;lhapw;W. mf;dpna/ Mfhaj;jpy; tha[thft[k;/ nkYyfpy; Mjpj;adhft[k; cs;sJ. mf;dp vd;fpw cUtj;ij vLj;j gukhj;kh/ !k;tj;!uj;ij cz;lhf;fpaJ. MjhtJ gy !k;tj;!u fhyk; (gy tU\';fs;) g;uhzpfis gilf;Fk; g;uA;kh vd;W bfhs;syhk;.

g;uA;k"hdk; cz;lhfj; jilahf ,Uf;Fk; ghg';fisg; nghf;f g;uhzid cgh!pf;fr; brhy;fpwJ.

"kJg;uhk;;kzk;" vd;gJ ,jpy; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. Xt;bthU ,e;j;hpaj;jpw;Fk; xU mjp\;lhd njtij cz;L.


njtijfs; ,\;lg;go ,it ,Uf;fpd;wd. Mjyhy; kJ vd;W bgah;. ,e;j njtijfs;/ "kw;w vy;yhUf;Fk;/ mHpnt ,y;yhky; xUtd; me;jh;ahkpahf ,Uf;fpwhd;. mtnd Mj;kh; mtnd kJ" vd;W cghrpj;jd (gukhj;khit). ,e;j kJ uA!;aj;ij "jj;jpa';" vd;fpw kAhp\paplj;jpy; "mr;tpdp njth;fs;" te;J/ ,e;j tpj;iaia cgnjrpf;FkhW nfl;lhh;fs;. ,e;j uA!;aj;ij btspapl;lhy; jiyia btl;;o tpLtjhf ,e;j;ud; brhy;ypapUg;gjhy;m";Rfpnwd; vd;whh; Kdpth;. c';fSila jiyia btl;o/ jdpahfg; ghJfhj;J Fjpiuapd; jiyiag; bghUj;Jfpnwhk;. eP';fs; cgnjrpa[';fs;. ,e;j;ud; btl;LtjhapUe;jhy;/ ,e;j Fjpiuj; jiyiaj; jhd; btl;l ntz;Lk;. btl;oat[ld; c';fs; jiyiag; bghUj;jp tpLfpnwhk; vd;wdh; mr;tpdp njth;fs; - itj;ah;fs; my;yth? kAhp\p xg;g[f; bfhz;L uA!;aj;ij njth;fSf;F Fjpiu Kfkhf cgnjrpj;jhh;. (Aaf;hPt !;t%gk;)

"gukhj;kh vy;yh caph;fspYk; ,Uf;fpwhd;. cs;ns/ btspna v';Fk; ,Uf;fpwhd;. mtd; ,y;yhj ,lnk ,y;iy. cyf t;atAhu';fis elj;j gw;gy cUt';fis vLj;Jf; bfhs;fpwhd;. Ahpahdtd; mtd; gy Mapuf;fzf;fhd Ahpahf Mfpwhd;. ,e;jg; gukhj;kh/ vy;yhf; fhy';fspYk; vy;yh ,l';fspYk; ,Ue;J !h;ntr;tud; vd;W ep%gpj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwhd;". ,Jjhd;/ cgnjrj;jpd; RUf;fk;. ,e;j;ud; nfhgj;Jld; te;J/ Kdpthpd; jiyia (Fjpiuj;jiy) btl;l/ mr;tpdP njth;fs;/ Kdpthpd; Rakhd jiyiag;bghUj;j/ "jj;jpa';" vd;fpw me;j Kdpth; bra;j ngUgfhuk; ,itbay;yhk; ..... jdpf;fij.

tpj;iaia cgnjrpf;Fk; Mrhh;ad; Kjy; gfthd; tiuapYs;s tk;r g;uhk;kzk; Kf;ak;. (tk;r tpj;ia) ,ij xt;bthUtUk; mE!e;jpf;f ntz;Lk;.


mr;tyh; -ah#;"ty;f;ah; - !k;thjk;

tpnjA njr uh#hthd #dfh;/ tpnr\khf xU ahfk; elj;jpdhh;. mjw;F/ Vuhskhd ntj tpj;Jf;fs; te;jdh;. ,th;fspy;/ ntj';fis ntjh';f';fis mj;aadk; bra;J/ g;uk;k tpj;ia tiuapy; vy;yh tpj;iafspYk; rpwe;J tps';Fgth; ahh; vd;W mwpa tpUg;gk; bfhz;lhh;. rpwe;j #;"hdpahf ,Ug;gth;/ bghd; Fg;gpfshy; my';fhpf;fg;gl;l ,e;j Mapuk; gRf;fis !;tPfhpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W g;uhh;j;jpj;jhh;. xUtUk; Kd;tutpy;iy. mr;rkaj;jpy; ah#;" ty;f;ah; (,th; R{h;aidj; j;ahdk; gz;zp R{h;ad; Fjpiu %gkhfg; g;u!d;dkhfp cgnjrpf;f mthplk; cgnjrk; bgw;whh;. ,jw;F me;jh;ahkp g;uhk;kzk; vd;W bgah;). jd; rp\;aid miHj;J/ "gRf;fis ek; f;UAj;jpw;F Xl;of; bfhz;L ngh" vd;whh;. kw;w g;uhk;kzh;fs; MnBgpj;jdh;. #df uh#dpd; ahfj;ij elj;jp itf;Fk; Uj;tpf; mr;tyh;/ ePh;jhd; rpwe;j g;uk;k tpj; vd;W c';fisf; fUJfpwPuh? vd;W nfl;lhh;. ah#;" ty;f;ah; "mj;jifa g;uA;k tpj;iaf;F vdJ ek!;fhuk;/vdf;F gRf;fs; jhd; njit" vd;whh;.

mr;tyh;/ ah#;" ty;faiu nfs;tp nfl;fyhdhh;. mr;tyh; ahfj;ij elj;Jk; v#khdh; nkhBk; bgw nAhjh/ mj;th;a[/ cj;fhjh/ g;uk;kh/ vd;fpw Uj;tpf;Ffs; gw;wpa[k;/ nAhjh brhy;Yk; Uj;tpf;Ffs;/ cj;fhjh bra;a[k; rhkfhd Uf;Ffs;/ g;uA;kh ahfj;ijf; fhg;gJ/ gpw njtijfs; gw;wpa[k; mt;tg;nghJ bgWk; gyd;fisg; gw;wpa[k;/ ah#;" ty;f;aiuf; nfl;L/ jpUg;jp mile;jhh;.

Mh;j;jghfh; vd;fpw hp\p nfs;tp nfl;f ah#;" ty;f;ah;/ mtUf;F f;uA';fs; vl;L mit _f;F/ thf;F/ ehf;F/ fz;/ fhJ/ kd!;/ if/ j;tf; vd;git vd;Wk;/ mtw;wpd; tp\a';fs; mjpf;uA';fs; vd;Wk;/ mf;dp k;Uj;a[ vd;Wk;/ #yk; mij md;dkhf cilaJ vd;Wk;/ #Ptd; kuzk; mila[k;nghJ/ g;uhzd;fs; mtw;iw tpLtjpy;iy vd;Wk; brhd;dhh;. "#Ptd; yakilag; nghFkplk; v';nf?" vd;W Mh;j;jghAh; nfl;f/ mtiuj; jdpna miHj;Jg;ngha;


g[z;ak;/ ghgk; vd;fpw fh;khf;fSf;F Vw;gr; bry;fpwhd; vd;W gjpy; brhd;dhh;. (!j!;!py; brhy;yhky;/ jdpikapy; xUtUf;F kl;oy; - nfs;tp nfl;ltUf;F kl;oy; brhd;dhh; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ)

g[#;a[[ vd;gth;/ kj;u njrj;jpy; mj;aadk; bra;J bfhz;oUe;jnghJ/ "gj";ryh; vd;gth; tPl;ow;Fr; brd;nwhk;. mtUila bgz;iz/ xU fe;jh;td; gpoj;jpUe;jhd; (xUtifg; gprhrk;) mij eP ahh; vd;W nfl;nlhk;. ehd; !@jd;th--"M';fPu! nfhj;uk;" vd;W gjpy; brhy;ypw;W. gpwF nyhf';fs; tp\akhfr; rpy nfs;tpfs; nfl;L “ghhpBpjh;fs;” v';nf nghapUe;jd vd;W me;jf; fe;jh;tidf; nfl;nlhk;. ,jw;F ePh; gjpy; brhy;Yk;" vd;W ah#;" ty;f;aiuf; nfl;lhh.

"ghhpBpjh;fs;/ mr;tnkjahfk; bra;a[k; ,lj;jpw;Fg; nghdhh;fs;" vd;W gjpy; brhd;dhh;. g[#;a[ / "mr;tnkj ahfk; bra;gth; v';nf nghfpwhh;?" vd;W nfl;lhh;.

R{h;aid/ g{kp Rw;wpf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. ,jpy; bgUk; gFjp !Kj;uk;. ,e;j mz;lflhAj;jpy; ,jpy; fj;jp Kidast[ bfhRtpd; ,wfst[ fdKs;s re;jpy; ghhpBpjh;fs; brd;wdh;. ,e;j;ud; mth;fisf; fUldhf ,Ue;J Rke;J brd;W tha[tplk; nrh;j;jhd;. tha[ mth;fis mr;tnkjahfk; bra;gth; ,lj;jpy; nrh;j;jJ. ,g;go me;jf; fe;jh;td; ckf;Fr;brhy;yp tha[nt t;a\;o/ rk\;o vy;yhk; v';Fk; r";rhpg;gtd; vd;W brhy;ypapUg;ghd; vd;whh;.

gpwF c\!;jh; / fnAsh;-,Uthpd; nfs;tpfs;. c\!;jh; - vy;yhtw;Wf;Fs;Sk;/ cs;ns ,Uf;Fk; Mj;kh g;uj;aBkhf ,Uf;fpw g;uk;kk; vd;fpd;wdh;. ,J vd;d? ah#;" ty;f;ah; - ckf;Fk; Mj;khthf ,Ug;gJ mJ. c\!;jh; - ,J khL/ ,J Fjpiu vd;W brhy;tijg; nghy ,Uf;fpwnj?


ah#;" ty;f;ah; - r;utzk;/ kddk;/ j;ahdk;/ jh;rdk; vd;gtw;iwr; bra;a[k; Mj;khit ehd; brhy;ytpy;iy. ehd; brhd;d Mj;kh ,y;yhky;/ kw;wit ntW Mj;khf;fs;. fnAhsh; - mJ ve;j Mj;kh? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - grp/ jhfk;/ nrhfk;/ _g;g[/ kuzk; ,it vJt[nk ,y;yhj Mj;kh. ,jid czh;e;jth;fs; (g;uhA;kzh;fs;) g[j;ud;/ gzk;/ cyfk; vd;fpw _d;wpYk; gw;W ,y;yhky;/ gpiB vLj;J thH;fpd;wdh;. g;uhA;kzd;/ cgnjrk; _yk; ghz;oj;ak; bgw;W/ mA';fhuk; mw;W ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. vg;nghJk; me;j Mj;khitna rpe;jpf;f ntz;Lk;. fhh;fp vd;fpw !;j;hP nfs;tp nfl;lhs; ",e;j g{kpf;bfy;yhk; MjhukhdJ #yk;. mjw;F vJ Mjhuk;" vd;W nfl;L nkd;nkYk; nfs;tpfis nfl;Lf; bfhz;nl te;jhs;. ah#;aty;f;ah; nkd;nkYk; gjpy;fisr; brhy;yp nyhf';fisg; gw;wpa[k; brhy;ypf; bfhz;nl te;jhh;. filrpahf "g;uk;k nyhf';fSf;F vJ Mjhuk;?" vd nfl;lhs;. nfl;fj; jfhjij/ cs;sgo czuhky; nfl;lhy; jiy tpz;L tpGe;J tpLk; vd;W ah#;" ty;f;ah; brhy;y/ fhh;fp mj;Jld; nfs;tp nfl;gij epWj;jpf; bfhz;lhs;. cj;jhyfh; brhd;djhtJ:

kj;u njrj;jpy; gj";ryhpd; tPl;oy; mj;aadk; bra;J bfhz;oUe;j nghJ mtUila kidtpia xU fe;jh;td; gpoj;jhd;. mtid ahh; vd;W nfl;nlhk;. ehd; Mjh;tzd;/ fge;jd; vd;whd;. me;j fe;jh;td; vd;fpw gprhrk; v';fisf; nfl;lhd;.

"vy;yh cyf';fisa[k; vy;yh #e;Jf;fisa[k; jhpj;jpUf;Fk; !@j;uk;/ mtw;wpd; cs;ns ,Ue;J epakpf;Fk; me;jh;ahkpia mwptPh;fsh? ,ij mwpe;jtd;jhd; nyhfk;/


ntjk;/ g;uk;kk; ,tw;iw mwpe;jtdhthd; vd;W brhd;dhd;. mJ vd;d?"

ah#;"ty;f;ah; - ehd; mwpntd;. me;j !@j;ukhdJ g;uhzd;. vy;yh cyf';fisa[k; #e;Jf;fisa[k; cs;ns ,Ue;J epakpf;Fk; me;jh;ahkpjhd; g;uk;kk;. rhjhuzkhf cj;jhyfh; nfs;tpfSf;Fj; j;Ug;jpahd gjpy; te;jhy;/ !j!;!py; nfs;tp nfl;gij mj;Jld; epWj;jpf; bfhs;thh;fs;. (,tiu bty;y ahUkpy;iy vd;W bghUs;) Mdhy;/ fhh;fp kWgoa[k; nfs;tp nfl;lhs;. fhh;fp - thDyFf;F fPGk;/ nkYk; (vy;yh ,l';fspYk;) vy;yh fhy';fspYk; vy;yh t!;Jf;fSk; vij Mjhukhf cilanjh/ vJ fhuznkh/ mJ vd;d? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - Mfhrk; (_yg;uf;Ujp) fhh;fp - ,jw;Fk; (Mfhrj;jpw;Fk;) Mjhuk; vJ? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - mBuk;. rpwpJky;y/ bghpJky;y/ ePz;lJky;y/ FWfpaJky;y ve;j epwKky;y. vy;yh ,lj;jpYkpUg;gJ. ,jd; !';fy;gj;jpdhny R{h;ad;/ re;j;ud;/ !;th;f;fk;/ eBj;u';fs;/ g{kp aht[k; jhpf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jw;F nkk;gl;l vJt[kpy;iy vd;W gythwhf vLj;Jiuj;jhh;.

fhh;fp vd;gts; ",tiu b#apf;f ,ayhJ vy;nyhUk; ,tUf;F ek!;fhuk; bra;a[';fs;" vd;whh;. gpwFk; tpjf;jh; vd;gth; nfs;tpfs; nfl;lhh;.

ah#;" ty;f;ah; ",t;tst[ kAhp\pfs; ,e;j !j!;!py; nfs;tpfs; nfl;L vd;Dila gjpy;fshy; jpUg;jp mile;jhh;fs;. ePh; tPz; Mlk;guj;jpw;fhf nfs;tpfs; nfl;fpwPh;. ehd; nfl;Fk; nfs;tpfSf;F Kjypy; gjpy; brhy;Yk;" vd;W gythwhff; nfl;f/ vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; tpjf;jh; gjpy; brhy;ypf;bfhz;nl te;jhh;. ,e;jr; rkaj;jpy;/


ah#;"ty;f;ah; Kd;g[ vl;L g[U\h;fisg; gw;wpr; brhd;ndd; mth;fSf;Fk; mth;fspd; Mjhuk; Kjypatw;wpw;Fk; nkw;gl;L mtw;iwbay;yhk; epakpj;J mlf;Fk; Xsgep\j g[U\d;--cgep\j;Jf;fspny brhy;yg;gLk; g[U\d; ahh;? ePh; mJ ahh; vd;W brhy;ytpy;iybadpy;/ ckJ jiy Jz;lhfpf; fPnH tpGk;" vd;whh;. tpjf;jh; gjpy; brhy;yj; bjhpahky; tpHpj;jt[ld; jiy Jz;lhfpf; fPnH tpGe;jJ. mtUila rp\;ah;fs;/ mtUila m!;jpfis _l;ilahff; fl;o/ mth; tPl;oy; nrh;f;f/ vLj;Jr; bry;Yk; nghJ/ tHpapy;/ jpUlh;fs;/ ,e;j _l;ilapy; gzk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W vz;zp mijg; gpL';fpf; bfhz;L Xodh; (g;uk;k tpj;jplk; mgrhug;gl;ljhy; ,g;goneh;;e;jJ vd;gij czu ntz;Lk;).

ah#;"ty;f;ah;/ !j!;!py; cs;sth;fisg; ghh;j;J/ ,d;Dk; ahuhtJ nfs;tpfs; nfl;fyhk; vd;whh;. eLeL';fpa mth;fs; xd;Wk; ngrtpy;iy. !j!; fiye;jJ. 10(2) #efh; - ah#;"ty;f;ah; - !k;thjk;

gpwpbjhU rkak; ah#;"ty;f;ah; #df uh#d; rigf;F kWgoa[k; brd;whh;. murd; tz';fp/ tuntw;W/ gRf;fs; ntz;Lkh my;yJ ntj mh;j;j';fSf;fh vd;whh;.

ah#;"ty;f;ah; ,g;nghJ murDf;F cgnjrpj;jhh;. tyJ fz;zpny ",e;j;jd;" vd;fpw g[U\d; ,Uf;fpwhd; (,e;jpud; vd;fpwij kiwKfkhf ,g;gor;brhy;Yk; gHf;fk; cz;L) ,lJ fz;zpy; mtDila gj;dp ,Uf;fpwhs;. ,t;tpUtUf;Fk; A;Ujank thr!;jyk;. m';Fs;s khk;!nk md;dk;. A;Ujaj;jpy; gpd;diyg; nghy cs;s ehofs; t!;j;uk;. A;Ujaj;jpDs; gy Mapukhfg; gphpe;J/ nfrj;ij tpl bky;ypa ehofs; cs;sd. mtw;wpw;F "Apij" vd;W bgah;. mtw;wpd; tHpahf/ #Ptd; btspna fpsk;g[fpwhd;. A;Ujaj;jpypUe;J cr;re;jiy cs;stiu cs;s khh;f;fkhdJ (!@\@k;eh eho) g;uhz/ ,e;j;hpa';fsp;y; rpf;Fz;l #Pthj;khitf; fhl;oYk;/ gw;ww;wtdhf mHptw;wtdhf A;Ujaj;jpYs;s gukhj;kh ntWgl;ltd;.


,d;bdhU rkak;/ ,nj nghd;w xU !k;thjk; ele;jJ. murd; nfl;f ah#;" ty;f;ah; gjpy; brhy;y kpf cd;djkhd fUj;Jf;fs; fpilj;jd. murd; - g[U\Df;F vJ #;nahjp!;? ah#;"ty;f;ah;- !@h;ad;jhd; #;nahjp!; murd; - !@h;ad; m!;jkpj;jhy;? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - mg;nghJ re;j;ud; murd; - ,UtUk; ,y;yhjnghJ? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - mg;nghJ mf;dp (tpsf;F nghd;wit) murd; - mJt[kpy;yhjnghJ? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - thf;F/ ikapUl;oYk; ngrpdhy; ngr;irf; bfhz;L mtid mwpayhk;/ mQfyhk; murd; - thf;Fk; ,y;yhj nghJ? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - Mj;khnt #;nahjp!; murd; - Mj;khthtJ vJ? ah#;"ty;f;ah; - A;Ujaj;jpny g;uhz tha[ Kjypad ,Uf;f mwpt[f;F Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ Mj;kh. !;tg;d nyhfj;ij Mj;kh nrUk;nghJ/ Jf;f %gkhd ,t;t[yiff; flf;fpwJ. clnyhL nrh;e;jpUf;Fk;tiu ghgk; bra;fpwJ. clypypUe;J tpLgl;L tpl;lhy; ghgk; ,y;iy. !;tg;d fhyj;jpy;/ mtw;wpy; Vw;gl;lijf; bfhz;L jhnd mtw;iw mwpfpwhd;. jpUk;gt[k; ,t;t[yfj;jpw;F tUfpwhd;. !;tg;dj;jpy; Jf;fk;/ kfpH;r;rp/ nrhfk;/ ,d;gk; ,g;go mDgtpf;fpwhd;. vy;yhk; !;tg;dk; vd;W gpw;ghLjhd; bjhpfpwJ. !;tg;d fhyj;jpny #Ptd; jdf;Fj; jhnd #;nahjp!;!hf Mfpwhd;. cwf;fj;jpy;


(!@\@g;jp) gukhj;kht[ld; If;fpakhfpwhd;. mg;nghJ cw;whh;/ cwtpdh;/ g[z;ak;/ ghgk; / Jf;fk; vd;W vjndhLk; ,izg;g[ ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ijj;hpnahgep\j;jpy; brhy;ypago/ kD\;a Mee;jk;/ gpj;Uf;fspd; Mee;jk;/ njth;fspd; Mee;jk;/ rJh;Kf (g;uk;kh) Mee;jk; vd;W nkd;nkYk; cs;s Mee;jj;ij milfpwhd;. ,g;nghJ ve;j ,e;j;hpaKk; ntiy bra;tjpy;iy. kd!; Xa;tpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. 10(3) - tpHpg;g[/ !;tg;dk;/ cwf;fk;/ ,wg;g[

tpHpg;g[/ !;tg;dk;/ cwf;fk; vd;w epiyfSf;F nkw;gl;l epiy ,wg;g[. mg;nghJ gukhj;khtpdhy; ntW ,lk; bfhz;L nghfg;gLfpwhd;. g[z;a/ ghg';fSf;F Vw;wthW ntW rhPuk; vLj;J mDgtpf;fpwhd;. #;"hdk;/ fu;khf;fs;/ g{h;t th!id/ ,e;j _d;Wk; ,e;j #Ptidj; bjhlh;fpd;wd. #;"hdKk;/ fUk';fSk; #PtDf;F mLj;j gpwtpapy; mEgtpf;f ntz;oa tp\a';fisr; nrh;j;J itf;fpd;wd. ,e;j tp\a';fisf; ifahs g{h;t thrid cjt[fpwJ.

g;uA;k"hdk; cs;std;/ g;uk;khEgtk; bgWfpwhd;.

g[[dh; #d;kk; ,d;wp/ njtahdk; tHpahf R{h;a kz;lyk; g[Fe;J nkhBk; bgWfpwhd;. gukhj;khnt/ g;uhnze;j;hpa';fSf;Fr; rf;jp mspg;gtd;. mtd; v';FkpUg;gtd;. kd!;!hy; jhd; mtidg; ghh;f;f ,aYk;. me;jh;ahkpaha; A;Ujaj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhd;. ,tid mwpa/ ntj mj;aadk;/ a#;"k;/ jhdk;/ jg!; Kjypad bra;fpd;wdh;. nahfep\;ilapy; ,Hpe;J/ ,tidf; fhz Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh;. ,tid mila !d;ah!k; nkw;bfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j;hpa';fis mlf;fp/ jPaijr; bra;ahky;/ fhk;a fh;k';fisr; bra;ahky;/ rPnjh\;;z Rf Jf;f';fisg; bghWj;Jf;bfhz;L/ kd!;i! ed;F epiyepWj;jp jdf;Fs;ns ,Uf;Fk; ,e;jg; gukhj;khitg; ghh;f;fntz;Lk;. ,Jnt "gug;uk;kk;". ,e;j gug;uk;kk; / ,A gu Rf';fisa[k; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; mspf;Fk;.


g{h;zj;jpy; ,Ue;J g{h;zk; cah;e;jJ. g{h;zj;ijr; rhh;e;j g{h;zj;ij mHp;j;J / g{h;zk; jhd; Kotpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

ntjj;jpy; brhy;ypago/ vy;yh cyfKk; caph;fSk;

g;uA;khthy; rpU\;of;fg; gLfpd;wd. Mjyhy;/ ntjk; v';Fk; epiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhd ntjk;/ fhh;akhd g;ug";rj;ijf; fhl;oYk; cah;e;jJ. fhh;akha; fhuzk; epiwe;J cs;sjw;Fk;/ nkyhd t;ahA;Ujp ( g{:/ g[t:/ !@t:)f;F/ ya!;jhdkha; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fnk fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ g;uztk;. ,e;j g;uztj;ij g;uk;;kkhf cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk; (g{h;zk; vd;fpw ke;jpuj;jpw;Fg; g;uk;kk; vd;Wk; bghUs; cz;L). 10(4) g;ui#fs; _d;W tif

njth;fs; (njtijfs;)/ kdpjh;fs;/ mRuh;fs;. ,th;fs; j';fSila jfg;gdhiu mz;o/ cgnjrpf;FkhW

ntz;odh;. njth;fs; ntz;oa nghJ “j” vd;W cgnjrpj;J

bjhpe;J bfhz;Oh;fsh vd;W jfg;gdhh; nfl;lhh;. "jkk;" mjhtJ ",e;j;hpa epf;uAk;" ntz;Lk; vd;W g[hpe;J bfhz;nlhk; vd;wdh;.

kdpjh;fsplk; "j" vd;gijr; brhd;dnghJ "jhdk;" bra;a[';fs; vd;gij czh;e;jjhf/ mth;fs; brhd;dhh;fs;.

mRuh;fsplk;/ me;j vGj;ijr; brhd;d nghJ/ jia g[hpa[';fs; vd;W czh;e;jjhfr; brhd;dhh;fs;.

g;uk;kj;jpypUe;J gpwe;j "g;u#hgjpapd;" g[jy;th;fshd njth;fs; !j;aj;ij cgh!pf;fpd;wdh;. gug;uk;knk !j;ak;. ,J (gug;uk;kk;) Mjpj;a kz;lyj;jpYk; cs;sJ. fz;zpYk; cs;sJ. ,jw;F g{h / g[t:/ !@t: vd;fpw t;ahA;Ujpfs;.


rhe;njhf;a cgep\j;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;l rhz;oy;a tpj;ia/ kpd;diy g;uk;kkhf cgh!pg;gJ brhy;yg; gLfpwJ. thf;if/ "gR"thf cgh!pg;gJ/ nkhBk; bry;gtd; njtahd khh;f;fj;jpy;/ Mj;ahj;kpf/ Mjpbgsjpf/ Mjpijtpf jhg';fSf;F ,lkpy;yhj g;uk;k nyhfk; brd;W re;njh\pg;gJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ .

md;dj;ij "tp" vd;Wk;/ g;uhzid "uk;" vd;Wk; nrh;j;J g;uk;kkhf cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

g;uhzid/ Uf;fhft[k;/ a#@!;!hft[k;/ !hkkhft[k; cgh!pg;gJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. thf; vdg;gLk; ntjj;ij gRthf cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;. gRt[f;F ehd;F kofs;. !;thAh/ t\l;/ Ae;j/ !;tjh. njth;fSf;Ff; bfhLf;fg;gLk; Atph; ghf';fs; !;thAh my;yJ t\l;. kD\;a a#;"j;jpy;/ Ae;j vd;W brhy;yp Atp!;!@k;/ gpj;Uf;fis cj;njrpj;Jr; bra;a[k;nghJ !;tjh vd;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

gR - thf;F. fhis - g;uhzd;. fd;W - kd!;. ghy;-gfthid Jjpf;Fk; !;njhj;u';fs;. 10(5) - fhajphP cgh!dk;

fhaj;hPapd; Kjy; ghjj;ij _d;W cyf';fshf cgh!pg;gtd; _d;W cyf';fspy; vija[k; milthd;. ,uz;lhk; ghjj;ij _d;W ntj';fshf cgh!pg;gtd;/ ntjj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;l gyd;fis milthd;. _d;whk; ghjj;ij/ g;uhz mghd/ t;ahd';fshf cgh!pj;jhy;/ vy;yhg; g;uhzpfisa[k; trkhf;fpf; bfhs;syhk;. ehd;fhk; ghjj;jpw;F “jh;rgjk;” vd;W bgah;. ,ijg; g;uk;kkhf cgh!pj;jhy;/ g[fH;/ bghUs; fpilf;Fk;. g;uhzd;fSf;F “fak;” vd;W bgah;. fa';fisf; fhg;gjhny fhaj;hP. fhaj;hP cgh!dk; bra;gtd; ,\;lg;gl;l gyid milthd;.


g;uk;k cgh!dk; bra;gtDf;F ehd;F ke;j;u';fs; - g;uhh;j;jid bra;tjw;fhf ,';F brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. (,J <rhth!;a cgep\j;jpYk; cs;sJ). 10(6) ke;j;j fh;kh

g;uhz tpj;ia/ g";rhf;dp tpj;ia/ ke;j;j fh;k - _d;Wk; brhy;yg;gLfpd;wd (rhe;njhf;a cgep\j;ijg; ghh;f;f) . ke;j;;j fh;khtpy; bea;apdhy; nAhk';fisr; bra;j gpwF/ "ke;j;;j" vd;fpw t!;Jit/ g;uhzidg; g[fGk; ke;j;uj;ijr; brhy;ypf; bfhz;nl ifapy; itj;Jf; bfhz;L/ fhaj;hPapdhYk;/ ,d;Dk; rpy ke;j;u';fshYk;/ tpjpg;go Mrkdk; bra;J/ mf;dpf;F nkw;nf fpHf;fpy; jiy itj;J ,utpy; gLj;jpUe;J/ cjaj;jpy; !@h;aDf;F cg!;jhd ke;j;u';fisr; brhy;y ntz;Lk;. ,g;goahd ke;j;j j;ut;aj;jhny cyh;e;j fl;ilia eidj;jhy; mJ Jsph; tpl;L/ fg;g[k; fisa[khf tsUk;. "ke;j;j j;ut;ak;" vd;gJ/ bey;/ atk;/ vs;/ cSe;J/ nfhJik/ g;ua';F/ k!@uk; fy;tk;/ fyFyk; (gj;J jhdpa';fs;) ,tw;iw vy;yhk; miuj;J japh;/ njd;/ bea; ,tw;wpy; Cw itf;f ntz;Lk;. nAhk';fs; bea;apdhny bra;ag;gl ntz;Lk;. gps;is bgWfpwtd;/ ,e;j gps;is jdf;Fr; rpwe;j gyd;fis nkYyfpy; mila[khW bra;a/ ,td; vg;go ele;J bfhs;sntz;Lk;/ vd;d fhh;a';fisr; bra;antz;Lk; vd;W gy tp\a';fs; brhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. jPh;f;fkhd Ma[isg; gps;is bgWk;goahft[k;/ goj;Jk; gpu!pj;jpahf ntz;Lbkd;whYk; bra;a ntz;oa Kiwfs; brhy;yg;gLfpd;wd.

"tk;! g;uhk;kzk;" vd;fpw guk;giu brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. gug;uk;kk;/ g;u#hgjp vd;fpw guk;giu xd;W. Mjpj;adplkpUe;J tUk; guk;giu kw;bwhd;W. ,uz;Lk; xd;W nrh;e;jJk; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

ah#;";aty;f;ah;/ !@h;adplk; !@f;y a#@!; ntjj;ijg; bgw;wJ brhy;yg;gLfpwJ .


,Jnt g;UAjhuz;af cgep\j;jpd; rhuk;. (,j;Jld; gj;J cgep\j;Jf;fspd; rhuk; brhy;yg;gl;lJ).

,';F ,d;Dk; rpy Kf;a cgep\j;Jf;fspd; rhuj;ija[k; brhy;fpnwhk;.


11 - r;;ntjhr;tjnuhgep\j;

108 cgep\j;Jf;fspy; 11tJ cgep\j;J. MW mj;aha';fs;. rpj;/ mrpj;/ <r;tud; vd;W jj;Jt';fis _d;whf tFj;jjw;F ,J Mjhuk;. gukhj;khtpd; !;t%gk;/ rf;u %gkhfr; brhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

gpwg;gJ/ thH;tJ/ ,wg;gJ Kjypa vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; fhuzkhdJ vJ? fhykh? ,aw;ifah? Kd;tpidah? g";rg{j';fsh? _yg;uf;Ujpah? #Ptdh?---,y;iy/ ,it vy;yhk; nrh;e;jjh? nrh;e;jjhf ,Ue;jhy;/ nrh;j;jJ ahh;? vd;W tpthjpj;J “gukhj;kh” vd;fpw Kot[f;F te;jJ.

!k;!huj;jpny cHy;fpd;w #Pth;. vy;yhk; mwpe;j <r;tud;. nghfj;ij mspf;Fk; mrpj; (mnrjek;).

<r;tud;/ Fz';fs; epiwe;j Fiwapy;yhj n#hjp. ,td; nrjdd;/ mnrjd';fSf;F me;jh;ahkpahf ,Uf;fpwhd;. ,Jjhd; g;uk;;kk;. ,jw;F nky; xd;Wkpy;iy. ,J muzpf; fl;ilapy; cs;s mf;dpiag; nghd;wJ. vspjpy; mwpa ,ayhJ. #Pthj;kh fPH; muzpf; fl;il. g;uztk; nky; muzp. filjy; vd;gJ j;ahdk; bra;jy;. ,g;go #Pthj;kht[f;Fs; gukhj;kh kiwe;jpUg;gij j;ahdk; bra;J mwpe;J cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;. j;ahdk; bra;gtUf;F fh;khD\;lhdk; Kf;fpak;. tp\;tf;n!dh;/ Mrhh;ad; ,th;fspd; mEf;uAj;ijg; bgw ntz;Lk;. gfthid !;njhj;jhpj;J/ mtd; mUshny/ mtdplk; kdijg; gjpa itf;fntz;Lk;.

jiy/ fGj;J/ khh;g[ ,tw;iw ed;F epkph;j;jp/ Rj;jkhd ,lj;jpy; jFe;j M!dj;jpy; mkh;e;J g[yd;fis mlf;fp / g;uhzhahk';fisr; bra;J/ kd!;i! gug;uk;kj;jplk; epWj;j ntz;Lk;.

mBu';fs; aht[k; mfuj;jpypUe;J cz;lhfpd;wd. mfuj;jpd; bghUshd gukhj;khtplkpUe;J vy;yh


cyf';fSk; cz;lhfpd;wd. mtd; midj;Jf;Fk; me;juhj;kh. mtd; khad;. khia "_yg;uf;Ujp". mtDila mk;r';fns #Pthj;khf;fs;. ,tidr; ruzk; mila ntz;Lk;. #;"hdk;/ fh;kk; ,uz;lhYk; mtid Muhjpf;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;j #Pthj;kh Mzy;y/ bgz;zy;y/ mypa[ky;y. ve;j cliy/ fh;k tpidahy; bgWfpwnjh/ mjd; mog;gilapy; b#d;khf;fspy; ,e;j #Ptd; miHf;fg;gLk;. ,tw;iwbay;yhk; bjspe;J/ gukhj;khit Muhjpg;gth; mtd; jpUtoia milth;.

gukhj;kh #fj;fhuzd;. ge;j ghr';fsplkpUe;J tpLgl;L/ mtidna fjp vd;W epidg;gtUf;F nkhBk; cz;L. gukhj;kh - MW tpjkhd - vl;Lfis cilatd;. (1) m\;lkhrpj;jp (2) vl;L jpf;Ffs; (3) vl;L jpf;ghyfh;fs; (4) vl;L g;uf;Ujpfs; (g{kp/ #yk;/ Mfhrk;/ beUg;g[/ tha[/ kd!;/ g[j;jp/ mA';fhuk;) (5) vl;L njtijfs; (g;uA;kh/ g;u#hgjp nghd;wth;fs;) (6) vl;L t!@f;fs; (7) vl;L jpUf;fy;ahz Fz';fs; (,e;j VHpy; VnjDk; MW) _d;W khh;f;f';fis cilatd;. (1) nkhBj;jpw;Fr; bry;Yk; njtahek; (2) fh;knyhfj;jpw;Fr; bry;Yk; gpj;Uahek; (3) B@j;u #e;Jf;fSf;fhd khh;f;fk; r;ntjhr;tjuh;/ jd; jnghgyj;jhYk;/ bja;t mEf;uAj;jhYk;/ g;uk;kj;ij mwpe;J gyUf;F ,g;go cgnjrpj;jhh;.


12 -mjh;trpu cgep\j;J

njtijfs;/ !;th;f;fj;jpw;Fr; brd;W/ Uj;uidg; ghh;j;J/ "ePh; ahh;?" vd;W nfl;f/ mth;/ "ehd; xUtnd Kjypy; ,Ue;njd;: ,g;nghJk; ,Uf;fpnwd;. ,dpnkYk; ,Uf;fg; nghfpnwd; vd;idj; jtpu ntbwhd;Wk; ,y;iy" vd;whh;.

njtijfs;/ gfthd; brhy;y ntz;oaij ,th; brhy;fpwhnu vd;W epidj;jdh;.

Uj;ud;/ "njtijfns! eP';fs; epidj;j me;j gfthd; !@B;kj;jpw;Fk; !@B;kkhdtd;. v';Fk; gue;J cs; g[Fe;J ,Ug;gtd;. vdf;Fk; me;jh;ahkp. ,t;thnw vdf;Fs; g[Fe;jpUg;gjhy;/ ehd; vd;nwd;" vd;W brhd;dhh;.

Uj;ud;/ gfthdpd; gf;jd;. njtijfs; ,t;thW Uj;uidj; Jjpj;jdh;. g;uztk;/ mjw;F tpsf;fk;-,J xU cgh!dh khh;f;fk; vd;W brhy;yg;gl;lJ.

,e;j;ud;/ ehd;Kfd;/ Mjpj;ad;/ gRgjp/ ahtUf;Fk;

gfthd; me;jh;ahkp . ,J xUtif cgh!dk;.


13 - mjh;t rpnfhgep\j;J

igg;gyhjh; kw;Wk; gy kAhp\pfs;/ "mjh;th" vd;gthplk; brd;W "j;ahdj;jpw;F ke;;j;uk; vJ? j;ahdkhdJ vJ? j;ahdk; bra;gtd; ahh;? j;ahdk; bra;ag;gLk; jj;Jtk; vd;d?" vd;W nfl;ldh;.

mjh;th gjpy; brhd;dhh;. "j;ahdj;jpw;F ke;j;uk; g;uztk;. mJ ehd;F ghjk; cs;sjha; g;uk;kkhFk;. mfhu/ cfhu/ kfhu';fs; mtw;wpd; nky; miu khj;;jpiu - ,Jnt ntj';fs;. ,Jnt n;yhf';fs; kw;Wk; gytpjkhf ,J g[fHg;gLfpwJ . ,e;jg; g;uztk; A;u!;tk;/ jPh;f;fk;/ g;Yjk;/ vdt[k; gphpf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j ehd;F khj;jpiufis kdpjDf;F cs;s tpHpg;g[/ !;tg;dk;/ cwf;fk;/ nkhBk; vd;fpw ehd;F jirfshfr; brhy;th;. ,e;jg; g;uztnk j;ahdj;jpw;Fr; rhjdk;. j;ahdj;ij tp\;Qthfg; ghtpf;f ntz;Lk;. j;ahdj;jpw;F mjp\;lhd njtij tp\;Q. j;ahdk; bra;gtid Uj;udhfg; ghtpf;f ntz;Lk;. !h;t Ir;th;ak; cs;s vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; fhuzdhd Kd;g[ miu khj;jpiuapy; njtijahfr; brhy;yg;gl;l guk g[U\nd vy;nyhUf;Fk; Rfk; mspg;gtd;. mtnd cgh!pf;fg;glntz;oatd;.

Xk;-cgh!dh ke;j;uk;. ,jpy; gukhj;kh vd;fpw vz;zk; ntz;Lk;. Xk; - ,jw;F ehd;F ghj';fs;- mfhuk;/ cfhuk;/ kfhuk;/ ehjk;.

mfhuk; - gh!;tjP vd;Wk; bgah;. g;Uj;tp nyhfk;; rptg;g[/ k";rs; epwk;; Uf; ntjk;; g;uA;kh njtij; m\;l t!@f;fs;; fhaj;hP re;j!;; fhh;Agj; mf;dp; vd;W j;ahdpj;jy;. cfhuk; - tpj;a[kjP vd;Wk; bgah;. me;jhpB nyhfk;; a#@h;ntjk;; fUg;g[ epwk;; tp\;Q njtij; Vfhjr


Uj;uh;fs;; j;U\;Lg;re;j!;; jBpzhf;dP; vd;W j;ahdpf;f ntz;Lk;. kfhuk; - "RghRgh" vd;Wk; bgah;. !hk ntjk;; btSg;g[ epwk;; Uj;ud; njtij; gd;dpuz;L Mjpj;ah;fs;; #fjPre;j!;; MAtePPahf;dp; vd;W j;ahdpf;f ntz;Lk;. ehjk; - "tpj;a[kjp" vd;Wk; bgah;. mjh;t ntjk;. mh;j;j khj;jpiu; n!hk nyhfk;; vy;yh epw';fSk;; kUj; njtijfs;; tpuhl; re;j!;; Vfh;\p vd;fpw mf;dp; vd;W j;ahdpf;f ntz;Lk;.


14 - bfs\Pjfp cgep\j;J

,jpy; gh;a';f tpj;ia/ g;ujh;je tpj;ia/ ghyfp tpj;ia brhy;yg;gLfpwJ. ,it aht[k; tpj;iafspy; brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ.

15 - ke;j;hpnfhgep\j;J

!j;t/ u#!;/ jnkh Fz';fshy; _y g;uf;UjpahdJ/ gug;uk;k !;t%gj;ij kiwf;fpwJ. u#!;/ jnkh/ Fzk; xHpe;J !j;t Fzk; nknyh';fpath;fs; A;Ujaj;jpny me;jh;ahkpahf g;uk;kj;ij jhprpg;ghh;fs;.

cyfpy; g;uk;kj;ijr; rpyh; 26tJ jj;Jtkha[k;/ 27tjhft[k;/ 24-Mft[k;/ ,d;Dk; vt;btt;thnwh ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;. vy;yhk; mtdplkpUe;J gpwe;J mtdplnk kiwfpd;wd. ,e;j g;uk;kj;ij mwpe;J cgh!pg;gth; mtdplk; nrh;e;J tps';Fth;.


16 - !@ghnyhgep\j;J

16 mj;aha';fs; cilaJ. ehuhaznd gujj;Jtk; vd;gijr; brhy;fpwJ. "nfhuh';fh;" vd;gth; iuf;tUf;Fr; brhd;dJ ,J.

nrjd';fs;/ mnrjd';fs;/ nrjdh nrjd';fs; ,itfSf;F fhh;akhf ,y;yhj xd;wpypUe;J "jk!;" njhd;wpaJ. jk!;!pypUe;J g";r g{j';fSf;Ff; fhuzkhd jhk! mA';fhuk;/ ,jpypUe;J Mfhrk;/ ,jpypUe;J tha[/ tha[tpypUe;J mf;dp/ ,jpypUe;J #yk;/ #yj;jpypUe;J kz; ,g;goahfj; njhd;wp ,bjy;yhk; g;uk;khz;lkhf Mapw;W.

bfh";rfhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF/ ,e;j g;uk;khz;lk; gpsf;fg;gl;L/ nky; ghfk; - !;th;f;fk;/ fPH; ghfk; g{kpahft[k; Mapw;W. eLtpy; g;uk;kht[f;F me;jh;ahkpahd kAh g[U\d;. mtd; g;uhzpfSf;F k;Uj;a[itg; gilj;jhd;. mtd;jhd; Uj;ud;. (fz;l guR vd;Wk;bgah;). me;j k;Uj;a[ g;uk;khtplj;jpy; g[Fe;J kiwe;jhd;. g;uA;kh/ khd! g[j;uh;fshf VG ngiug; gilj;jhd;. mth;fs; g[j;uh;fisg; gilj;jdh; (g;u#hgjp vdg;gLgth;fs;). Kfj;jpypUe;J g;uhk;kzDk;/ iffspypUe;J Bj;jphpah;fSk;/ bjhilapypUe;J itr;ah;fSk;/ fhy;fspypUe;J R{j;uh;fSk; cz;lhdhh;fs;. kd!;!pypUe;J re;j;uDk;/ fz;zpypUe;J !@h;aDk; fhjpypUe;J fhw;Wk;/ g;uhz tha[t[k;/ A;Ujaj;jpypUe;J kw;w vy;yhKk; cz;lhapw;W.

bew;wpapypUe;J nfhgj;jpdhy; Uj;ud; cz;lhdhh;. vy;yh cyf';fisa[k; jdjhf;fpf; bfhz;l Apuz;afh;g;gd;/ !;j;hP/ g[U\d; ,U cUtkhfg;gphpe;J/ njt - hp\p - aB - uhB! - fe;jh;t #hjpfisa[k;/ kpUf';fisa[k; kw;wg; gpuhzpfisa[k; r;U\;oj;jhd;.

g;usa fhyj;jpy; mtnd mf;dpahfp vy;yhtw;iwa[k; vhpf;fpwhd;. mg;nghJ g{kp/ #yj;jpYk;/ #yk;/ beUg;gpYk;/ beUg;g[/ fhw;wpYk;/ fhw;W/ Mfhrj;jpYk; yapf;fpd;wd.


Mfhrk;/ ,e;j;hpa';fnshLk;/ ,e;j;hpa';fs;/ jd;- khj;iufnshLk;/ jd;khj;iufs;/ mA';fhuj;jpYk;/ mA';fhuk;/ kAj;jpYk;/ kAj;/ mt;af;jj;jpYk;/ mt;af;jk;/ mBuj;jpYk;/ mBuk;/ jk!;!pYk; yapf;fpd;wd. jk!; gfthDld; xd;wp kiwfpwJ.

,g;gog;gl;l gfthid mila gydpy; gw;wpy;yhky;/ !j;ak;/ bfhil/ jtk;/ g;uk;kr;rh;ak;/ ituhf;ak;/ a#;"k;/ vd;fpw MW m';f';fisf; bfhz;L cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;.

A;Ujaj;jpd; eLnt/ khk;! gpz;lk; xd;W cs;sJ. (g[hpjj;J) . mjpy; jhkiug; g{ nghy Xh; mtatk; cs;sJ. m';nf ehofspd; thahf gj;J j;thu';fs; cs;sd. mtw;wpy; g;uhz/ mghd Kjypa tha[f;fs; cyt[fpd;wd. nahfp/ me;je;j tha[tpd; !fhaj;jhy; vy;yh nyhf';fisa[k; aB/ uhB!/ fe;jh;th;fisa[k; kw;w vy;yhtw;iwa[k; ghh;f;fpwhd;.

Kf;akhd ,e;j gj;J ehofs; xt;bthd;Wf;Fk; 72/000 rpwpa euk;g[fs; cs;sd. #Pthj;kh ,e;j ehofspy; ,Uf;fpwhd; (tpHpj;jpUf;Fk;nghJ). !;tg;d jirapy;/ !;tg;dk; fhz;gJ/ cwf;fj;jpy; cliyf; fhg;gJ/ uj;jj;ij vy;yh ehofspYk; gug;g[tJ/ Apij vdg;gLk; ehofnshL nrh;e;j "g[hpjj;J" vd;fpw A;Ujahfhrj;jpy; ngha; cw';FtJ vy;yhnk ,jd; bray;. fz;/ fhJ/ _f;F/ ehf;F/ j;tf; (njhypy; v';Fk; cs;sJ) kd!;/ g[j;jp/ mA';fhuk;/ rpj;jk;/ thf;F/ if/ fhy;/ knyae;jphpak;/ _j;jpnue;jphpak;-Mf 14 ,e;j;hpa';fs;. ,itfSf;Fj; jdpj;jdpahf cs;s tp\ak; - ,tw;Wf;fhd njtij-,g;go 14 cgh!idfs;. eho/ g;uhzd;/ mjdhy; cz;lhFk; mwpt[ mg;nghJ Vw;gLk; Mee;jk;/ A;Ujahfhrk; Mfpa 8 ,l';fspy; gue;J cs;stdhf-gfthid cgh!pf;f ntz;Lk;.

vy;yhtw;iwa[k; eph;tApg;gtd;. fl;lisapLfpwtd;. vy;yh #Pthj;khf;fSf;Fk; Mj;kh. g;uhzDf;Fk; Mj;kh. mwpt[f;F vl;lhjtd;. gygoahf tUzpf;fg;gLk; gukhj;kh-


$kd;ehuhazd;. Mjpj;ah;fs;/ Uj;uh;fs; mtnd. fhuzKk; mtnd. mtDf;F vy;yhg; g{kpfSk; cly;. gukgjj;jpy; vGe;jUspapUg;gtd;. vy;yhk; clyha;/ gfthd; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; me;jh;ahkpaha; -Mj;khtha; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j tpj;iaia cgnjrkhfg; bgw;whh;. ,J ntj uA!;ak;.

clk;gpy; cs;s ehofspy; ehd;F ehofs; Kf;fpakhdit. uik/ muik/ ,r;ir/ mg[eh;git - g[z;a nyhfk;/ ghg nyhfk;/ epidj;j ,lk;/ nkhB !;jhdk;/ vd;fpw ,l';fSf;F ,it Kiwna thapy;fs;. ehd;fhk; eho tHpahfg; g[wg;gl;L/ A;Ujanfhrk;/ jiyf;fghyk; ,tw;iwg; gpse;J bfhz;L/ g;Uj;tp Kjy; vy;yh jj;Jt';fisa[k; fle;J #Ptd; nkny bry;fpwhd;. ,g;gog;gl;l tpj;iaia g[j;ud;/ rp\;ad; jtpu ntW ahUf;Fk; cgnjrpf;fyhfhJ.


17 - mf;dp uA!;ak;

Rf;y a#@h; ntjj;jpy;/ rjgj g;uhk;kzj;jpy; ,J xU ghfk;. ,J cgep\j;J my;y.

ahf';fs;/ nAhk';fs; bra;gth; itjPfkhd mf;dpia Mjhdk; vd;gij mD\;oj;J !k;ghjpf;fpwhd;. ,td; "Mapjhf;dp" vdg;gLfpwhd;. n!hk ahfk; bra;a[k;nghJ fUld; Kjyhd cUtpy; ,lk;/ eph;khzpf;fg;gl;L/ MAtepahf;dp itf;fg;gLfpwJ. g[[U\Dila Ma[l;fhyk; 36/000 ehl;fs;. xt;bthU ehspYk; bra;a[k; flikfis/ ahfj;Jf;F ntz;oa m';f';fshf ghtpj;J f;uJ (ahfk;) bra;a ntz;Lk;. (!;njhj;u';fs;/ g{i# cl;gl xt;bthUtUk; bra;a[k; flikfs;). ,J tpj;ahkaf;uJ vdg;gLk;. (itr;theu tpj;ia - rhz;oy;a tpj;ia jdpna brhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ)


18- knAhgep\j;

ehuhazd; xUtd;jhd; r;U\;of;F Kd;g[ ,Ue;jhd;. g;uk;kd;/ Uj;ud;/ #yk;/ mf;dp/ n!hkd;/ !;th;f;fk;/ g{kp/eBj;uk;/ !@h;ad;/ re;j;ud; Kjypa vJt[k; ,y;iy/ jdpahf ,Ug;gjpy; j;Ug;jp ,y;yhj ehuhazd; j;ahdk; bra;a 14 gps;isfs;. (10 ,e;j;hpa';fs;/ kd!;/ mA';fhuk;/ g;uhzd;/ Mj;kh (cly;). g[j;jp 15tJ ,g;goahf gpwe;jd. gpwF 5 g{j';fs; 5 jd;khj;iufs;/ 25tJ jj;Jtkhf #Ptd; gpwe;jd. gukhj;kh vy;yhtw;iwa[k; xd;whf;fp #Ptid mjpy; g[Fj;jp !;U\;o bra;jhd;. ,g;go vy;yh #Pt !;U\;of;Fk; fhuzk; ehuhazd;. bew;wpapypUe;J Uj;ud;/ ,tdplk; rj;ak;/ g;uk;kr;rh;ak;/ ntjk; kw;Wk; gy bry;t';fs; nrh;e;jd. Mfnt mtd; <rhdd;/ kAhnjtd; vdg;gl;lhd;. mtd; ehuhazid jpahdk; bra;a bew;wpapy;tpah;it cz;lhapw;W. mJ v';Fk; gutp ePuhf Mapw;W. mjpy; g;uk;khz;lk; cz;lhapw;W. g;uk;kd; m';F njhd;wpdhd;. gpwF me;je;j nyhf';fs;/ njtijfs; gpwe;jd. ,jw;bfy;yhk; fhuzk; ehuhazd;. mtid Mr;uapj;nj vy;yh cyfKk; caph;fSk; cs;sd. jhkiu bkhl;Lnghd;w A;Ujaj;jpy; mf;dp #;thiy cs;sJ. mjdpilapy; gukhj;kh ,Uf;fpwhd;. g;uk;kd;/ rptd;/ ,e;j;ud; vy;nyhUila A;Ujaj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpwhd;. ,jw;F nky; r;nyhf%gkhf ,e;j cgep\j; cs;sJ.

cgep\j;Jf;fspy; 32 g;UA;k tpj;iafs; tpsf;fg; gLfpd;wd. g;UA;k !@j;uk; ,ijr; brhy;fpwJ. ,g;go/ ,Jtiu ntj';fs;/ rhiffs;/ ntjj;jpw;fhd m';f';fs;/ !;k;Ujp/ g[uhzk;/ ,jpAh!k;/ ke;j;ughfk;/ g;uhk;kz ghfk;/ Kf;a cgep\j;Jf;fs;nghd;w vy;yh tp\a';fisa[k; RUf;fkhfj; bjhptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ntjk;- bghpa gh;tjk;. ntjhe;jk; vd;fpw cgep\j; - kiyf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; Fif. ,e;j Fiff;Fs; ek;ik miHj;Jg; ngha; ekf;F tHpfhl;Lgth;fs; Mrhh;ah;fs;. ntjj;ij mj;aadk; bra;jhy; kl;Lk; nghjhJ.


ntjh';f';fisa[k; fw;f ntz;Lk; (t;ahfuzk;/ re;j!;/ epUf;jk;/ fy;gk;/ rpBh / n#hjplk;).

kAhp\pfs;/ Uf; ntjj;ij g[j;jpahfpw kj;jpdhy; file;jhh;fs;. vl;L mBuk; fpilj;jJ. ,g;gona a#@h; ntjk; filag;gl;lJ. ,jpypUe;J vl;L mBuk; fpilj;jJ. ,g;gona !hkntjk; filag;gl;lJ. ,jpypUe;J vl;L mBuk; fpilj;jJ. ,e;j 24 mBu';fs; jhd; fhaj;hP ke;j;uk;. ,ija[k; RUf;fpdhh;fs;. Uf; ntj 8 mBu';fspypUe;J g{[:/ a#@h; ntj 8 mBu';fspypUe;J g[t:/ !hkntj 8 mBu';fspypUe;J !@t:

g{[:/ g[t:/ !@t: - t;ahA;Ujp ke;j;uk; vd;W bgah;. ,ij nkYk; RUf;fpdhh;fs;. Uf; .. g{:. ... vd;gjpypUe;J mfhuk; a#@h; .. g[t : ... vd;gjpypUe;J cfhuk; !hk .. !@t: ... vd;gjpypUe;J kfhuk; _d;iwa[k; nrh;j;jhh;fs;. "Xk;fhuk;" gpwe;jJ. ntjj;jpw;F ,Jnt rpu!;.

a#;" g;ufuzj;jpy; cj;fPjj;jhny (!hk ntjk;) njtijfisa[k;/ gfthida[k; miHf;f ntz;Lk;. Uf; ntjj;jhny mg;go te;jth;fis !;njhj;uk; gz;z ntz;Lk;. a#@h; ntj ke;j;u';fshy; ,g;go ,g;go miHf;fg;gl;L te;Js;s njtijfSf;Fk; gfthDf;Fk; nAhkk; gz;z ntz;Lk;. mjh;t ntjkhdJ g;uA;khthf ,Ue;J ,e;j a#;"j;ij elj;jp itf;fpwJ.

ntjKk;/ !;k;UjpfSk; vd; fl;lisfs;. mtw;iw kPwp elg;gtd; vd; fl;lisia kPwpatdhthd;. mtd; vd;dplk; gf;jp bfhz;lhYk; Vw;fg;glhJ vd;W $tp\;Q jh;kj;jpy; gfthnd mUspapUf;fpwhh;.


ntjhgh!dh - Vd;?

“ntnjhg!dh” vd;fpw jiyg;gpy; brhy;yg;gl;l tp\a';fs;-vy;nyhUk; g[hpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhft[k;/ ekJ fyhr;rhuj;jpd; mhpa bghf;fp\k; gz;oj eilg;ghi\fshy; g[hpe;J bfhs;s Koahky; xJf;fp tplf; TlhJ vd;gjw;fhft[k;/ tUk; jiyKiwfs; (Vd; ,g;nghija jiyKiwa[k; nrh;j;J) ntj';fis mg;a!pf;f ntz;Lk;;; mjpy; <LghL bfhs;s ntz;Lk;; ve;j Jiwapy;; gzpahw;wpdhYk; ntj mj;ahapahft[k; jpfH ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhft[k;/ kpft[k; RUf;fkhfj; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;j ntnjhgh!dhit cgh!dk; bra;a[k; M!;jpfh;fs; Kjypy; jd; ntjj;jpd; !;trhif/ g";r!@f;j';fs;/ ijj;jphPak;/ ,tw;iw mj;aadk; bra;jy; ey;yJ. ,tw;iw mj;aadk; bra;J tpl;Oh;fshdhy;/ ntj g[U\dpd; MrPh;thjk; epr;rak; fp;ilf;Fk;. gpwF f;unkz ntj mj;aadk; bra;a c';fSf;nf Mh;tk; te;J tpLk;. ntjj;ij cgh!pg;gJ/ gfthid cgh!pg;gjw;Fr; rkk;.


cjtpa Kf;a f;ue;j';fs;

ntnjhgh!dhtpw;F cjtpa E]y;fs; Vuhsk;. Kf;akhd E]y;fspd; tptuk; :

(1) $rhhPuf kPkhk;!h gh\;ak; (itFz;l th!p/ g[hpir elhJhu; $gh\;a !pk;Ah!dk; $ c.nt.f;U\;zkhr;rhh;ah; !;thkp mUspaJ)

(2) $kj; uA!;a j;ua !huk; (!hu tp!;juk;) itFz;l

th!p cj;j_h; mgpet njrpf $ c.nt.tPuuhfthr;rhh;ah; mUspaJ)

(3) cgep\j; !huk; (,nj !;thkp mUspaJ)

(4) tLt{h; $ c.nt.ehuhazd; ,aw;wpg; gjpg;gpj;j Uf;/

a#@h;/ !hk/ mjh;tz ntj';fSk; 10 cgep\j';fSk;

,ijg; nghd;W ,d;Dk; mnef f;ue;j';fs; cjtpapUf;fpd;wd.


$ehuhaz cgep\j; ke;j;uj;ijr; brhy;yp ntnjhgh!dj;ij epiwt[ bra;fpnwhk;.

Xk; mj g[Un\h Ait ehuhanzh fhkaj g;u#h!;

!;Un#ajp| ehuhazhj; g;uhnzh #hanj| kd!}!h;nte;j;hpahzpr| fk;tha[h; #;nahjpuhg: g;UjptP tpr;t!;a jhhpzP| ehuhazhj; g;uA;kh#hanj| ehuhazhj; Uj;nuh #hanj| ehuhazhjpe;j;nuh #hanj| ehuhazhj; j;thjhrh jpj;ah Uj;uh t!t: !h;thzpr re;jhFk;!p| ehuhazhnjt !Kj;gj;ae;nj| ehuhazhj; g;uth;j;je;nj| ehuhanz g;uyPae;nj| mj epj;nah ehuhaz:| g;uA;khr ehuhaz:| rpt!;r ehuhaz:| re;u!;r;r ehuhaz:| fhy!;r;r ehuhaz:| Ch;j;tk;r ehuhaz:| mj!;r;r ehuhaz:| me;jh; gAp!;r ehuhaz:| ehuhaz VntjFk; !h;tk;| aj;g{jk; ar;rgt;ak;;| ep\;fs';nfh ep;h;tpfynghepuh";#neh epuhf;ahj: !@j;njhnjt Vnfh ehuhaz:| ej;tpjpnah!;jp f!;rpj;| a Vtk; ntj| !tp\;Qnutgtjp !tp\;Qnut gtjp|

Xkpj;af;nu t;ahAnuj;| ek ,jp g!;rhj;|

ehuhazhnaj;a[ghp\;lhj;| Xkpj;nahfhBuk; | ek ,jp j;nt mBnu | ehuhazhnajp g";rhBuhzp | Vjj;it ehuhaz- !;ah\;lhBuk; gjk; | nahAit ehuhaz!;ah\;lhBuk; gjkj;najp | mdgg;Ut: !h;tkha[nujp | tpe;jnj g;uh#hgj;ak; uha!;ngh\k; bfsgj;ak; | jnjhk;Ujj;tkr;Enj jnjh- k;Ujj;t kr;Dj ,jp | a Vtk; ntj | ,j;a[gep\j;|

g;uj;afhde;jk; g;uk;Ag[U\k; g;uzt!;t%gk; mfhu

cfhu kfhu ,jp | jhndfjh !jgtj;jnjhkpjp | aKf;j;th Kr;anjh nahfP #d;k !k;!hu ge;jdhj; | Xk; enkh ehuhazhnajp ke;j;nuhgh!f:| itFz;lnyhf g[tdk; fkp\;ajp| jjpjk; guk; g[z;lhPfk; tpf;"hefdk; | j!;khj; jjpjhg khj;uk;| g;uk;Az;nah njtfP g[j;nuhk; g;uk;Az}nah kJ !@jndhk; | !h;tg{j!; jnkfk; ehuhazk; | fhuz %g kfhuk; guk;g;uA;nkhk; | Vjj jh;tjpnuhnah jPanj | g;uhjujPahndh uhj;hpf;Ujk; ghgk; ehrajp | !hakjPahndh


rpt!;f;Ujk; ghgk;ehrajp| khj;ae;jpd khjpj;ahgp KnfhjPahd: | g";rghjf cgghjfhj; g;uKr;anj| !h;tntjguhaz g[z;ak; ygnj | ehuhaz !ha[#;akthg;ndhjp | a Vtk; ntj | ,j;a[gep\j; |

|| Ahp: Xk; ||

!k!}jghpthuha $knj ehuhazha ek:


mnef tp#;"hgek;

monad;/ ,sk;gpuhak; Kjw;bfhz;nl ntjghuhazk; elf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; mku;e;J ghuhazk; Koa[k;tiu r;utzk; bra;J te;jjhy;/ ntjnfh\j;jhy; <u;f;fg;gl;nld;;;

Mdhy; fhyk; bry;yr;bry;y ntjghuhazk; mUfptUfpwJ. ntjhj;ahapfs; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wdu;. Kf;akhf/ itztu;fs;/ ,jpy; mjpfkhf <LghL bfhs;tjhfj;bjupatpy;iy.

,tu;fs; bysfpf ntiyfspy; ,Ue;J Xa;t[ bgw;w gpwF/ kdk; Md;kPfj;jpy; jpUk;g[k; nghJ/ ,tu;fSf;F/ jpt;ag;uge;jk; re;ij brhy;tJk;/ gpwF ghuhazj;jpy; md;tapg;gJk; Rygkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. g";r !@f;j';fs; Tlj;bjuptjpy;iy.

ntjk; jkpH;bra;j khwd; rlnfhgd; vd;Wk;/ ntjk; midj;Jf;Fk; tpj;jhFk; vd;Wk;/ jkpHpy; cs;s jpt;a g;uge;je;j';fisf; bfhz;lhodhYk;/ ,itfSf;F vy;yhk; _ykhd ntj';fiskwg;gnjh xJf;Ftnjh e;ahakh? ntj';fspd; mUika[k;/ mtw;wpd; bgUika[k; czu;e;jhy;/ vg;ghLgl;nlDk; ntj mj;aadk; bra;tjpy; <LghL tUk; vd;fpw Mtyhy;/ monad; ,jpy; ,Hpe;njd;. $ nfhr';fs; gytw;iwg; goj;njd;. gy tpj;thd;fsplk;/ gy tp\a';fisj;bjupe;J bfhz;nld;. goj;j $ nfhr';fspy; Kf;akhdit

1. $ rhhPuf kPkhk;!h gh\;ak; (itFz}lth!p g[hpir elhJ]h; $gh\;a!pk;Ahrdk; $ c.nt. fpU\;zkhr;rhh;ah;)

2. $kj; uA!;aj;ua !huk;-!hutp!;juk; (itFz}lth!p cj;jKh; mgpetnjrpf $ c.nt. tPuuhfthr;rhh;ah;)

3. cgep\j; !huk; (,nj !;thkp mUspaJ)


4. $ tp\;Q g[uhzk; 5. $ kAhghujk; 6. $ mnAhgpy klk; 43k; gl;lk; $kjHfparp';fh; !g;jjp

kyh; 7. $u';fk; $kj; Mz}ltd} !jhgpn\f kyh;-1987 8. $u';fk; $kj; Mz}ltd} tp#a ahj;uh kyh;-1996 9. cgd}ah! rf;uth;j;jp $ c.nt.Kf;Th;

yB;kpeu!pk;Ahrhh;ahpd} “Fiwbahd}Wkpy}iy” g[!}jf';fs} kw;Wk; gy

10. kAhp\pfs} rhpjk; ($ c.nt. ehty}ghf;fk; njtehjhrhh;ah; - itFz}lth!p

11. ntj tp#;"hdk; 12. jp ntjhe;j !@j;uh!; (M';fpyk;-1961); 13. $ uhkhaz jj;thh;j;j jPgpif 14. $ guthf;nfhl;il Mz;ltd; !jhgpn\f kyh; 15. $ kJuhe;jfk; !;thkp E]w;whz}L tpHh kyh; - 2000 16. $ cj;j_h; !;thkp rjkhd knAhj;!t kyh; 17. cgep\j; !huk; - $uhkfpU\;zh kp\d} 18. $ !&jh;!e rjfk; - $Tu ehuhaz #Pah; 19. $ bgsz;lhPfg[u M!;uk btspaPlhd

1. rjhgpn\f uj;dkhyh 2. $ uA!;aj;ua!huk; 3. rpy;yiw uA!}a';fs} 4. ,uhkgpuh`df; fw;nghk;

20. mAph;g[j;e;a !k;Apij 21. tLt[{h; $ c.nt.ehuhazd} ,aw;wpg;gjpg;gpj;j "Uf;,

a#&h;, !hk, mjh;tz ntj';fSk; 10 cgep\j';fSk;" kw;Wk; gy. ,tw;iwj; jtpu

1. 45k; gl;lk; $kjHfpa rp';fh; cgd}ah!';fs}


2. fUepyk; $ c.nt. eu!pk;Ahrhh;ah; cgd;ah!';fs}, fhynBg';fs}

3. jpUg;g[l;FHp $ c.nt. eu!pk;Ajhjhrhh;ah; rk;gh\`zfs}

4. Kf;Th; $ c.nt.yB;kpeu!pk;Ah;rhh;ah; cgd;ah!';fs} 5. J]g;g[y; $ c.nt. yB;kpeu!pk;Ah;rhh;ah;

cgd}ah!';fs} kw;Wk; gy kAh tpj;thd}fs}

mtw;wpd; bjhFg;ng ,e;j ntnjhgh!dh.

!k!}jghpthuha $knj ehuhazha ek: !h;tk; $Aaf;hPt g;hPajhk;

monad;/ cUg;gl;^u; b!se;juuh#d;


sadagopan · He is "sabdamaya dhAmnA sphuran mUrti" (One who shines with His mantra maya body)....

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Transcript of sadagopan · He is "sabdamaya dhAmnA sphuran mUrti" (One who shines with His mantra maya body)....