RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT AND MANAGEMENT...

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

Department of Fisheries GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU

Fish Landing Centre Kovalam, Kancheepuram District

Centre for Environment, Health & Safety Faculty of Engineering & Technology

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY Annamalai Nagar

June, 2016

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://allogos.net/var/albums/Government-Logos/Tamilnadu-Government-Logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.brandigg.de/prominente/J. Jayalalithaa&usg=__XAEgJK9mAHmfJS-5b0JK8dDcQUc=&h=730&w=730&sz=73&hl=en&start=3&zoom=1&tbnid=U3hT84p6ZqPtUM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=141&ei=ai6qUKevDpDSrQeR6YHQDQ&prev=/search?q=Tamilnadu+state+logo&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&itbs=1

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Annamalai_University_logo.gif&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Annamalai_University_logo.gif&usg=__GT7bGavi3z2mkqQdxWICCpJo-Ic=&h=336&w=407&sz=42&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=D5Uqz50lMhKLbM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=125&ei=wC6qUOO5KouQrgeTwoHABg&prev=/search?q=annamalai+university+logo&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&itbs=1


Department of Fisheries RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU

1 Centre for Environment, Health & Safety Annamalai University

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Department of Fisheries, Government of Tamilnadu is proposing a Fish Landing Centre (FLC)

near Kovalam in Kancheepuram District. The exact project location is historically being used by

the fishermen for landing and keeping their boats on land.

The project site is situated in about 75 Km to the South of Chennai and is geographically

located between 120 47’ 24.30” to 120 48’ 24.90” N Latitude and 800 15’ 00.80” to 800 15’

13.30” E Longitude in the Coramendal Coast, in Kovalam, Thiruporur Taluk, Kancheepuram

District, Tamilnadu.

The proposed FLC with required SPS to sustain the proposed FLC activities with stable

shoreline is a long awaited project of the local peoples, especially, of the fishing community of

Kovalam, Kancheepuram District.

Precisely, the project is FLC with required building infrastructures for about 1.4 Hectare where

facilities are intended for fish handling, Ice manufacturing, Washing & Drying, Marketing, etc,.

The FLC location will be provided with a field of Groynes to protect the erosion for about 2.16

Km stretching from the project location and towards northern side Muttukadu Estuary.

Kovalam has been reported as one of the good fish catch area in the Kancheepuram district

with variety of fishes (sharks, flying fish, prawns, silver bellies, crabs, etc.). As there is no fish

landing centre in and around the project location, the Department of Fisheries proposes to

develop a FLC to cater to the increasing needs of the fisher folk of Kancheepuram District,

Tamilnadu. The facilities envisaged Fish Drying Yards, Ice Plant, Loading/Unloading, Marketing

and Packing, auction hall and Sanitary complex.

At present there are 350 Mechanized Fishing Vessels (MFV) belonging to Kovalam do not have

landing facilities. As fishing is the main livelihood of the people in the location, it has been a

long term pending demand of the Fishermen Association of Kancheepuram for a local landing

centre because fishermen suffer lot of difficulties in loading diesel, ice, drinking water and

other fishery requisites due to lack of fishery facilities. Now, the MFVs are anchored about 1

Km offshore from where catamarans are used for transferring the fish catch. Also catamarans

are used for loading diesel, ice etc., to the boats, a hazardous and risky operation leading to




heavy loads often resulting in catamarans capsizing, causing fall of materials with the loads

and decomposition of fish before being transferred to the markets thereby resulting in severe

loss of effort.

Activities during construction and post construction pose many hazards and the study of

vulnerability and mitigation strategies cannot be ruled out. The proposed FLC and SPS attract

CRZ Notification and require CRZ Clearance. The Government of India have promulgated CRZ

Notification(6th January, 2011), and as per paragraph 4.2, item (d), the Disaster Management

Report, Risk Assessment Report and the Management Plan is to be furnished.

The FLC development for fishing envisages mainly to:

Support the Fish Landing facility for on the shore for preservation of fishes and

keeping iced to prevent decomposition of fishes

Safe station for keeping the MFVs

The proposed post construction activities of the project are:

Fishing operations

Vehicular transport of fish

Fish storage and drying

Ice Plant

Marketing/ Auction Hall

The FLC layout and proposed building of the projects are presented in the Figure-1.

This study presents the hazard and risk identification, prevention techniques and

mitigating strategies in the various operations.




Figure-1.




CONTENTS

CHAPTER

No.

TITLE PAGE

No.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. INTRODUCTION 9

II. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 12

2.1 Risk Assessment 12

2.2 Methodology 12

III. HAZARD AND RISK IDENTIFICATION 14

3.1 General 14

3.2 Natural Hazards 14

3.2.1 Extreme Weather (Cyclone/Storm/Storm Surge) 14

3.2.2 Coastal Erosion 15

3.2.3 Flooding 15

3.2.4 Earthquake 15

3.2.5 Tsunami 17

3.3 Technological Hazards 19

3.3.1 Handling and Storage of HSD 19

3.3.2 Transportation incidents 19

3.4 Other Hazards 19

3.4.1 Fire 19

3.4.2 Terrorism 19

3.4.3 Public Disorder 19

IV. RISK ASSESSMENT 20

4.1 Probability (Likelihood) and potential Impact 20

4.2 Hazards and Risk Category 20

V. PRIORITISATION 23

VI. HAZARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT-CONSEQUENCES 24

6.1 Extreme Weather (Cyclone/Storm/Storm surge) 24

6.2 Coastal Erosion/Accretion 24

6.3 Flood 26




6.4 Earthquake 26

6.5 Tsunami 27

6.6 Transport Incidents 28

6.7 Fire 28

6.8 Terrorism and Public Disorder 28

VII. MITIGATION 30

7.1 Extreme weather (Cyclone/Storm/Storm surge) 30

7.2 Costal Erosion 30

7.3 Flood 30

7.4 Earthquake 32

7.5 Tsunami 33

7.6 Transport Incidents 34

7.7 Fire 34

7.8 Terrorism and Public Disorder 34

VIII. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 35

8.1 Seamless Communication Network 35

8.2 Other Warning Systems 35

IX. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN 36

X. CONCLUSION 40

ENCLOSURES




LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO.

TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Layout of the proposed FLC 3

1.1 Layout of the proposed FLC 11

3.1 Cyclone Frequency and Wind Hazard Map 16

3.2 Map Showing Seismic Zones in India 18

6.1 Schematics of Shoreline Protection Structures (SPS-Groyne Field) 25

9.1 Protocol of Emergency Response Team 37




LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TITLE PAGE NO.

2.1 Methodology of Risk Assessment 13

4.1 Risk Categories 21

4.2 Level of Risk Category 21

4.3 Hazard and Risk Categories 22

5.1 Prioritisation of Events and Risks 23

7.1 Cyclone Mitigation 31

7.2 Tsunami Mitigation 33




LIST OF ENCLOSURES

ENCLOSURE NO TITLE

I Emergency Control Centre

II Outside Organizations

III Cyclone Warning Centres

IV List of Hospitals, Shelters & Fire Service Stations




I. INTRODUCTION

Department of Fisheries, Government of Tamilnadu is proposing a Fish Landing Centre with

Shoreline Protection Structures (SPS) in commensurate with requirements for native fishing

activities to support infrastructure for fishing community in Kovalam, Kancheepuram district

and to facilitate marketing of fish at domestic and international.

The proposed Fishery Infrastructure facility towards a full-fledged Fish Landing Centre will

have buildings for Ice plant for temporary fish storage-in- transit, Fish Dry yards, marketing,

Net mending Yards, Sanitary Complex, etc., in about 1.40 Hectare of designated area along the

coastline of Kovalam.

In addition, to safeguard the FLC from erosion and inundation, a Groyne field with 11

numbers of groynes that covers 2.16 Km of coastal stretch as package module is envisaged for

implementation along the shoreline of Kovalam to reduce long shore transport by trapping

sand and changing the shoreline orientation relative to dominant wave directions.

The proposed FLC has no activity which is risk prone to warrant any exclusive Management

Plan. Especially, the FLC will not have any fuel handling or storage. No Cargo except the

degradable; but high value fishes to be unloaded, segregated and packed before or after on

site marketing. Human errors in these activities may lead to accidents which can be fully kept

under control and can be managed with required protocols and procedures in place.

This Risk Analysis report is to identify the risk prone activity of FLC and assess the resultant

impacts which may threat the functioning of FLC or cause damage to human health, life and

property.

The Report assessed the potential risks in order to achieve a state of preparedness, or

implement mitigating actions, which will reduce the impacts. A simple identification of the

hazards would serve little purpose if they were not assessed and action taken on such

assessment.

Any coastline and marine areas are vulnerable to natural disasters like cyclone, Storm, earth

quake, Flood, Tsunami, rise in tides, etc. Activities during construction and post construction

and facility operation pose many hazards due to human error, chemical and fuel handling,




traffic of vehicles, storage and handling of fish, repairing of vessels, etc. are other such

activities in the proposed FLC , would bring Disaster if they do not managed properly.

As fishing is the main livelihood of the people in the location, it has been a long time demand

of the Fishermen for a Fish Landing Centre. Hence only, the Fisheries department of

Tamilnadu Government has proposed to construct a FLC in Kovalam, considering the potential

of available marine resources and man power. The first level Budgetary Estimate was made

for INR 20 Crores.

The risk assessment was initiated to evaluate identification of hazards, prevention techniques,

mitigation strategies and emergency preparedness plans. The layout of the proposed FLC is

given in Figure-1.1.

The FLC and its allied SPS infrastructures, as proposed by DoF/GoTN at Kovalam has been

evaluated and found there can be no credible activity which can be rated as a risk activity.

However, the location which is coastal and vulnerable for coastal hazards do make the very

operation of FLC as risky to life and property at the time of natural calamities and hazard

events.

This report on RA evaluated those natural hazards and impact of risk in operating the FLC and

devised and detailed a Risk Management Plan for sustainable operation of FLC at Kovalam and

Kancheepuram district.




Figure-1.1.




II. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

2.1 RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk assessment in any project has origin of the nature of activities or location of the project.

In FLC projects of the proposed project, as there is no Cargo or Chemical, there is nothing out

of activities; there cannot be any risk in operating the FLC.

Kovalam, being coastal area with a moderately erosion prone shoreline, the FLC has some risk

element from natural hazards like storm, earth quake, tsunami, etc., which were evaluated

through location-specific data and studies for the proposed Risk Management Plan.

2.2 METHODOLOGY

The methodology of the risk assessment comprises a number of stages, which are explained

briefly in the Table-2.1.

There are several methods by which hazards can be assessed leading to a formal “Risk

Assessment”. However, many of the methods do not lend themselves readily to the type of

hazards that are being considered here. The emergency management assessment is looking at

hazards over which local authorities or indeed any other organisations have little or no

control. In such cases, arrangements to reduce the impact on the community are necessary.

Such hazards include severe weather, transport accidents, etc. Those activities or hazards over

which there is an element of control, however small or remote have been assessed to

determine any actions could be taken to mitigate the effects or likelihood of an incident.




TABLE-2.1 METHODOLOGY OF RISK ASSESSMENT

Identification Listing the main hazards

Assessment Assessing the probability of an incident and its consequences

Prioritisation Assessing which hazards should be awarded priority consideration for mitigation/emergency planning

Mitigation

Considering the actions which could be taken to mitigate the effects of a potential incident. This will usually mean the preparation of an emergency plan or identifying existing plans which are relevant

Management Plan Taking action as appropriate taking into account the processes set out above




III. HAZARD AND RISK IDENTIFICATION

3.1 GENERAL

Hazard Assessment will aim to identify the hazard prone activities, which may have the

potential to cause disruption, damage to property, or endanger life in and around the FLC. The

section will list the hazards in three categories, Natural, Technological and Other. A brief

description of each hazard’s characteristics will be given.

“A hazard is best viewed as a naturally occurring or human induced process or event which

has the potential to create loss.” The hazards covered in this section are ones viewed as most

prominent to the FLC and are not an exhaustive list of all known hazards. In this section each

hazard will be viewed as a primary hazard. This chapter therefore provides the understanding

of hazards in an attempt to increase the accuracy of the risk assessment.

3.2 NATURAL HAZARDS

3.2.1 Extreme Weather (Cyclone/Storm/Storm Surge)

In this report severe weather includes heavy rain, cyclone, and storm surge. These types of

weather storms usually result in the disruptions to transportation routes, power and utility

failure, immobilizing fishing activity. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) provides a

certain amount of warning for these types of hazards and they rarely cause lengthy

disruptions apart from in extreme cases when severe damage is caused to infrastructures.

Depression in the Bay of Bengal region are most frequent in the South West monsoon and least

so in the North East monsoon. Storms are least frequent from January to March and most

frequent in the months of October and November.

In the month of November, severe storms are more frequent and the whole region is likely to be

affected. However, during the past 30 years, as furnished by Indian Meteorological Department,

only 3 cyclones have crossed the coast near Karaikkal which is about 40 km to south of Kovalam,

in the East Coastline of Tamilnadu.




The effect of extreme weather would most likely be a disruption of vital services such as

water, sewer, power and transportation; damage to and disruption of emergency response

facilities, resources and systems. As per the Vulnerability atlas of cyclone frequency and wind

hazard map, Kovalam falls in the Very High Damage Risk Zone-B (presented in Figure-3.1).

Hence, a “worst case scenario” would affect the port and also the entire community to a

significant level.

3.2.2 Coastal Erosion

Coastal erosion is the gradual removal of sediments (including beach sand and topsoil) in

coastal areas due to wave and tidal action. Wind, wave and tidal action can impact large

portions of the shoreline, including beaches and small cliff areas. Erosion may cause damage

to roadways, residences, and other structures, and it may also lead to a loss of vegetation. The

impacts of erosion on coastal areas are generally gradual, although dramatic coastal erosion

may occur following a storm or flood event.

3.2.3 Flooding

Floods constitute one of the most potentially serious hazards facing the District. Flooding

occurs when abnormally high water levels overtop the natural or artificial banks of a river or

other watercourse. The FLC is situated near the estuary of the river Cauvery. The District is

potentially at risk from river line or fluvial flooding which can result from either long durations

of rainfall causing watercourse to rise above their normal level (usually winter scenario) or

short intense rainfall events causing the watercourse to rise rapidly due to overland flow

(typically a summer scenario). The magnitude of flooding is influenced by the following

factors, precipitation amount, intensity and distribution, soil moisture, seasonal variation in

vegetation and infiltration capacity of the ground surface – influenced by the degree of

urbanisation. The inundation caused by river line or fluvial flooding may vary from a few hours

to many days.

3.2.4 Earthquake

An earthquake is the sudden motion or trembling in the earth caused by an abrupt release of

slowly accumulating strain. This sudden release results in ground shaking, surface faulting,

and/or ground failures.




Figure-3.1 Cyclone Frequency and Wind Hazard Map




The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. The major reason for the

high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is driving into Asia at a

rate of approximately 47 mm/year. Geographical statistics of India show that almost 54% of

the land is vulnerable to earthquakes. A World Bank & United Nations report shows estimates

that around 200 million city dwellers in India will be exposed to storms and earthquakes by

2050. The latest version of seismic zoning map of India given in the earthquake resistant

design code of India [IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002] assigns four levels of seismicity for India in terms

of zone factors. In other words, the earthquake zoning map of India divides India into 4

seismic zones (Zone II, III, IV and V) unlike its previous version which consisted of five or six

zones for the country. According to the present zoning map, Zone V expects the highest level

of seismicity whereas Zone II is associated with the lowest level of seismicity. The latest

seismic zoning map released by the India Meteorological Department website is shown in the

Figure-3.2. According to the seismic zoning map, the proposed fishing FLC falls in the Zone II.

As per the National Disaster Management Authority of India, the Geographical areas which

fall under seismic zones III, IV and V, which are vulnerable to potential impact of earthquakes,

landslides, rock falls or mudflows. Though the FLC comes in the Zone II, the risks involved due

to earth quake cannot be ruled out.

3.2.5 Tsunami

Tsunami is a series of travelling ocean waves of great length and long period usually generated

by submarine geophysical displacement. May or may not be preceded by an earthquake.

Tsunamis are also generated by volcanic eruptions and submarine landslides, nuclear

explosions, and even due to impact or fall of large size meteorites, asteroids, and comets from

outer space. Tsunamigenic zones that threaten the Indian Coast have been identified by

considering the historical tsunamis, earthquakes, their magnitudes, location of the area

relative to a fault, and also by tsunami modelling. Both the east and west coasts of India and

the island regions are likely to be affected by tsunamis from the five potential source regions,

viz., the Andaman-Nicobar- Sumatra island arc, Indo-Burmese zone, Nascent Boundary (in the

central Indian Ocean), Chagos archipelago and the Makransubduction zone.

According to the latest seismic zone map of India (Figure-3.2, IS: 1893, 2002), about 59

percent of India’s land area is vulnerable to moderate or severe seismic hazard. The present

project district has already experienced a Tsunami in 2004.




Figure-3.2 Map showing seismic zones in India




3.3 TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS

3.3.1 Handling and storage of HSD

There is no bulk handling or storage of fuel in the proposed FLC. However, small quantities of

fuel by fishermen and the human errors during loading, unloading and vehicular crash in the

station may lead to spillage of oil which can lead to fire as an accident.

No credible fire hazard can be there in the proposed FLC.

3.3.2 Transportation incidents

The movement of vehicle will be expected more because of the transportation of fishes in a

large scale. Human error and avoidance of road safety rules and regulations may cause

accidents leading to causalities, fatalities and vehicle damages.

3.4 OTHER HAZARDS

3.4.1 Fire

Any incident of uncontrolled burning in the project site is not foreseen as there is no bulk

handling or storage of fuel in the proposed FLC. However, small spillage of oil would result in

fire accident and it cannot lead to major structural damage to buildings and properties.

3.4.2 Terrorism

Terrorism can be defined as the use or threat of action where the use or threat is designed to

influence the government or to intimidate the public or a section of the public, and the use or

threat is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.

Events could typically be expected in areas near public gatherings, government facilities, or

highly visible areas, but no one area is less likely to be a target than any other.

3.4.3 Public Disorder

Public disorder is defined as any incident intended to disrupt community affairs and threaten

the public safety. Public disorder includes riots, mob violence, and any demonstration usually

resulting in police intervention and arrests.




IV. RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk is a function of the probability (likelihood) of particular hazards arising and the potential

impact which would result from these. Therefore, risk is the level of perceived exposure of

people, services or processes to the effects of identified hazards. Risk assessments are part of

everyday life. People, and what they value, are the essential point of reference and basis for

all risk assessments.

4.1 PROBABILITY (LIKELIHOOD) AND POTENTIAL IMPACT

The risk of each hazard has been calculated on two criteria - probability and consequences.

Probability is the likelihood of a particular event occurring. Consequence is the expected

number of lives lost, persons injured, scale of damage to property and disruption of essential

services and economic activity resulting from the impact of a particular natural or manmade

hazard. The probability and consequences of the hazards identified in the previous section

were assessed on a scale 1-5. Very unlikely probability or very minimal consequences being

rated at 1, with very likely probability and very severe consequences rated at 5. The

probability and consequences are then multiplied to determine the risk category. The Risk

Category’s are illustrated in the Table-4.1.

The level of risk is categorized based on the product of probability and consequence values.

This is illustrated in the Table-4.2.

4.2 HAZARDS AND RISK CATEGORY

This section identifies the calculated risk of each hazard and subsequently places each hazard

within a suitable risk category. Risk is constantly changing, which is why the reviewing of risk

assessments is essential to ensure that when risks develop appropriate amendments can be

made. The risk associated with particular hazards in the FLC area will fluctuate, however at

the time of assessment the risk categories include the following hazards and are presented in

the Table-4.3.




TABLE-4.1 RISK CATEGORIES

SEVERITY OF IMPACT/

CONSEQUENCES →

1 (Minimal)

2 (Slight)

3 (Moderate)

4 (Severe)

5 (Very

severe) LIKELIHOOD/

PROBABILITY↓

1 (Very unlikely)

1 2 3 4 5

2 (Unlikely)

2 4 6 8 10

3 (Moderate)

3 6 9 12 15

4 (Likely)

4 8 12 16 20

5 (Very likely)

5 10 15 20 25

TABLE-4.2 LEVEL OF RISK CATEGORY

Very Low Low Moderate High Very high

1-2 3-6 7-12 13-19 20-25




TABLE-4.3 HAZARD AND RISK CATEGORIES

HAZARD LEVEL OF RISK / RISK CATEGORIES

Very low

Low Moderate High Very high

Extreme weather

(Cyclone/Storm/Storm surge)

Tsunami

Flood

Earthquake

Handling & Storage of HSD

Coastal Erosion

Transport Incidents

Fire

Terrorism & Public Disorder




V. PRIORITISATION

The activities and the methodologies or pathway of accomplishment will have different

degree of risk and it varies from situations to situations. Prioritizing is important to mark the

protocols and funding for managing in the same order.

To arrange or deal with in order of importance, prioritisation is essential. The hazards

identified in this document have been prioritised according to risk and are presented

in the Table-5.1.

TABLE-5.1 PRIORITISATION OF EVENTS AND RISKS

EVENTS PROBABILITY CONSEQUENCES RISK

Extreme weather

(Cyclone/Storm/Storm surge)

Likely Severe High

Tsunami Unlikely Very severe Moderate

Flood Moderate Slight Low

Earthquake Very unlikely Very severe Low

Handling & Storage of HSD Unlikely Slight Low

Coastal Erosion Unlikely Minimal Very Low

Transport Incidents Very unlikely Minimal Very Low

Fire Very unlikely Slight Very Low

Terrorism & Public Disorder Very unlikely Slight Very Low




VI. HAZARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT-CONSEQUENCES

As no credible risk at site in the proposed project of FLC, consequence analysis is not required.

However, the attributes which can cause hazard are location specific and natural. No

manmade hazard or risk prone activity is assessed.

Hazard impact assessment is done towards predicting the consequences of an effect or

disaster. The consequences of the various hazards are analyzed and presented. In order to

understand the severity of the hazard or accident, it is necessary to know its impacts. In this

section, the report seeks to know the various consequences of disasters that would need

Mitigation strategies to minimize the property damage and or fatalities.

6.1 EXTREME WEATHER (CYCLONE/STORM/STORM SURGE)

Severe weather has the potential to cause major disruption to the FLC in terms of property

damage, pollution and threat to people’s lives. Some consequences include the following.

Destruction of or damage to property including MFVs

Homelessness

Loss of a utility or utilities

Disruption of transport or communications

Increased requests for services i.e. property repairs

Loss of facilities or service provided by a premises

The probability of the occurrence of severe weather in the FLC is LOW.

6.2 COASTAL EROSION/ACCRETION

The coastline of the project location is learnt to experience on an average of coastal accretion

at the rate of 1.79m/year (P.K. Suresh, et. al., 2009).

The project location of about 2.16 km will be provided with a field of groynes. The SPS will

have 11 Groynes with varied size and length and will be placed in different angles to take on

the expected erosion. The scheme of SPS for erosion prevention and shoreline protection is

presented in Figure 6.1.




Figure.6.1. Schematics of Shoreline Protection Structures (SPS – Groyne Field)




The probability of occurrence of coastal erosion in the FLC area is Low.

6.3 FLOOD

Large scale flooding inside the proposed FLC is very unlikely as the level of FLC is moderately

elevated from the MSL.

The District does experience flooding on a minor scale but this is generally restricted to wash

lands and some farmland within the identified flood risk areas. Some consequences of large

scale flooding include the following.

Injury and fatalities

Damage to property

Distressed persons either effected directly or indirectly by the incident


Loss of one or more utilities

Disruption of the transport system

Loss of communications

Pollution

Public health issues

Damage to structures

Evacuation

Increased public information requirements

The probability of the occurrence of riverine flooding within the FLC is Low.

6.4 EARTHQUAKE

The Kancheepuram district does not have a history of earthquake. Though this area comes

under the seismic zone II with a low seismicity, the following consequences may result in case

of an earthquake. They are:


Damage to property









Pollution


Economic disruption


Evacuation

Media focus


Disruption to infrastructure

The probability of the occurrence of earthquake within the District is Very Low.

6.5 TSUNAMI

The Indian Ocean Tsunami of 26th December 2004 is one of the most destructive Tsunamis

known to have hit India and 13 other countries in the Indian Ocean region. With a combined

toll of 238,000 casualties (including 51,500 people missing), and roughly more than 1.5 million

people displaced in fourteen countries, this tsunami resulted in damage and destruction of

property, assets and infrastructure in the coastal areas. In India 10,749 people lost their lives

due to the tsunami and 5,640 people were missing in the Tsunami affected areas mostly in the

coastal Tamilnadu. The consequences of the Tsunami are as follows:


Damage to property









Pollution


Economic disruption


Evacuation

Media focus


Disruption to infrastructure

The probability of the occurrence of Tsunami within the District is Low.

The probability of the occurrence of incident due to handling and storage of HSD is Low.

6.6. TRANSPORT INCIDENTS

For the transportation of fishes it is expected that the movement of vehicles will be more and

non-compliance of road safety rules may contribute for fatalities in addition to vehicular

damages.

The probability of the occurrence of incident due to transportation is Very Low.

6.7 FIRE

As there is no fuel handling or storage, risk due to fire or explosion is not in the proposed FLC.

On the coastal front, there is no fear for oil spill or fire as the proposed project FLC will not

have any oil tank or transfer lines.

The probability of fire in within the FLC is Very Low.

6.8 TERRORISM AND PUBLIC DISORDER

Though in the recent times, this district has not experienced any terrorist activities or public

disorders, the occurrence of such activities cannot be neglected. Some of the consequences

from these activities would be:




People endangered, injured or killed

Damage or destruction of property

Traffic disruption

Local Authority services affected

Provision of temporary accommodation

Media focus

Damaged community relations

Potential scene of a crime

The probability of Terrorism and Public Disorder is Low.




VII. MITIGATION

Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters.

This is achieved through risk analysis, which results in information that provides a foundation

for mitigation activities that reduce risk, and the consequences of disasters. In this section the

report seeks to identify plans and systems to mitigate the effects of any hazard, and to

identify further actions to be taken to reduce the risk to acceptable limits.

7.1 EXTREME WEATHER (CYCLONE/STORM/STORM SURGE)

Action to prevent an emergency from happening or lessen the impact if it does happen (i.e.

flood plain management, building codes, land use planning, strapping water heaters, etc) is

known as mitigation. This is the most crucial component in any disaster management exercise.

It may be in the form of creating awareness, building long term or short-term infrastructure in

hazard zones, aid planning, etc… Mitigation opportunities may arise any time where the

awareness of the disaster is high, e.g., disaster scare-however unfounded it seems, post

disaster, during disaster or during such seasons in areas prone to disasters. Attention to such

opportunities can help in tackling any future emergencies. The Mitigation measures to be

considered before, during and after the Cyclone is summarized and presented in the Table7.1.

7.2 COSTAL EROSION

In general, erosion mitigation can be accomplished through:

Public awareness

Zoning ordinances

7.3 FLOOD

In case of Flood, the following actions are to be mitigated.

Major Emergency Scheme

Flood Plan

Evacuation and Rest Centre Plan

Media and Public Relations Plan

Help lines




TABLE-7.1 CYCLONE MITIGATION

CYCLONE MITIGATION

Before the Disaster During the Disaster After the Disaster

Plan an evacuation route and

learn safe routes inland:

Have disaster supplies on hand

Develop an emergency communication plan in case of separation

Ask an out-of-state relative to serve as the “family contact”

Teach family members when and how to turn off gas and electricity

Trim back dead or weak branches from trees

Check into flood insurance

Teach children when and how to call 9-1-1

Make arrangements for family pets because some emergency shelters may not allow pets

Cyclone Watch (conditions within

27-36 hours):

Listen to battery-operated radio for progress reports; check emergency supplies

Fuel car

Bring in outdoor objects

Secure buildings by closing and boarding up windows

Remove outside antennas

Turn refrigerator and freezer to coldest settings

Store drinking water in clean bathtubs, jugs, and bottles

Moor boat securely or move to a designated safe place; anchor trailer to ground

Review evacuation plan Cyclone Warning (conditions expected in 24 hours or less):

Listen to ratio for instructions

Tie down mobile home and evacuate immediately

Store valuables in waterproof container

Avoid elevators.

If at home:

Stay inside, away from anything glass

Keep a supply of batteries and flashlights

Avoid open flames as a source of light

If power is lost, turn off major appliances to reduce power “surge”.

If evacuation is necessary: leave ASAP, avoiding flooded roads and washed-out bridges

Stay tuned to radio for

information, returning

home only when

authorities advise it is

safe to do so:

Help injured or trapped persons and give first aid where appropriate

Avoid loose or dangling power lines and report them to the power company or fire department

Beware of snakes, insects, and animals driven to higher ground by flood water

Open windows and doors to ventilate and dry your home

Check refrigerated foods for spoilage

Take pictures of the damage for insurance claims

Drive only if necessary and avoid flooded roads and washed-out bridges

Use telephones only for emergency calls.




Secure home by unplugging appliances and turning off electricity and the main water valve

If time permits, elevate furniture to protect it from flooding

Bring pre-assembled emergency supplies and warm clothing

Take blankets and sleeping bags

to a shelter and leave immediately

Service Plans

Premises Plans

Flood Warnings

Liaison with other agencies

7.4 EARTHQUAKE

Earthquake mitigation is difficult because these events are not well predicted. Increased

awareness and community-wide education about what do before, during, and after an

earthquake are essential to mitigate this potential hazard. The following actions on mitigation

strategies would reduce the damage and risk.

Major Emergency Scheme

Evacuation routes and Rest Centre Plan

Media and Public Relations Plan

Help lines

Service Plans

Premises Plans

Liaison with other agencies such NDMA and DDMA, etc.

Social Services and Health

Counselling Plan

Cultural Services plan

Public education and awareness of these systems and routes




7.5 TSUNAMI

The Tsunami Mitigation Measures to be adopted before, during and after the disaster is

summarized and given in the Table-7.2.

TABLE 7.2 TSUNAMI MITIGATION

TSUNAMI MITIGATION

Before the Disaster During the Disaster After the Disaster

District administration

should immediately warning

to the VAOs.

Panchayat and VAOs. Should

warn the public by public

address system and heat or

Javoun team.

VAO first known which

transport official must be

contacted for immediate bus

service.

VAO should know where the

practiced people to be

Accumulator.

One President and VAO be

ready for opening feeding

centre.

VAO must known phone

numbers of important Higher

Officials.

District Administration must

alert, Police, Fire, Health,

C.S., food grains and E.B.

under precaution

immediately on receipt of

warning.

By arranging transport to

vacate all the people living

in low lying areas.

Immediately arranged for

medical treatment to the

affected people, to the

wound.

Arrangement of

accommodation and food.

Arrangements for removal

of dead bodies and

cremation or burial.

Removal of carcass of

animals and disposals.

Identification and making

record of dead bodies.

Providing medical team for

medical aid in the camps.

Maintenance of sanitary

arrangements in the relief

camps.

Provision of alternative cloths

and cash relief for day to day

expenses.

Formation of Temporary

shelters with road, electricity,

water supply sanitary

arrangements with all facilities.

Cleaning and removal of debris

from the affected habitation

and restoration of power

supply, drinking water.

Restoration of normalcy in

public building like, school,

hospital, telephone, etc.,

Co-ordination and sanitation of

materials, supplies by NGOs to

the affected people.

Identification of legal heirs of

deceased and missing people

and grant of relief.

Enumeration of loss of public

properties and private

properties including damages

to boat, agricultural crops and

reporting.

Grant of relief for the

rehabilitation to the affected

people.

Identification of land for

construction of permanent

structures.




The arrangement for shelters is provided and the list is given in the Enclosure-IV.

7.6 TRANSPORT INCIDENTS

In order to avoid the transportation incidents, the following strategies are to be adopted in

the premises.

Roads approaching the FLC from the town must be maintained in good condition.

Speed of the vehicles should be restricted to 20kmph.

Drivers must be instructed to follow safety rules inside the port premises.

Speed breakers and warning signs could be provided in the accident prone zones.

7.7 FIRE

Although there will not be any credible fire hazards, spillage of oil on to other materials may

lead of Prevention of fire in the premises is possible provided the following strategies are

followed.

Regular inspection on fire hazards.

Fixed and portable fire fighting systems must be mitigated for availability and functioning.

Regular fire drills must be performed for Personnel.

Fire escape routes

Evacuation plan

Liaison with Fire and rescue service agencies

Fire alarms

Smoke detectors

7.8 TERRORISM AND PUBLIC DISORDER

In case of any threat from the terrorist and public disorder groups, the following strategies

would help in minimizing or controlling the incident.

Police service

Ambulance service

Fire service

Security alerts




VIII. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

8.1 SEAMLESS COMMUNICATION NETWORK

The Government of Tamilnadu have proposed to undertake Seamless Communication

Network system in Tamilnadu to serve the fishing crafts of Tamilnadu. It has been proposed

to cover all the 13 maritime districts by providing 18 Nos. of Towers to be erected in the

shores of selected coastal areas and VHF hand held Radio sets (5w) to the traditional fishing

crafts and fixed mount Radio sets (25w) to the mechanized fishing boats. This end user

equipment will have facilities of GPS and voice communication facilities between fishing

vessels to fishing vessels, fishing vessels to shore stations and shore station to the control

station.

Necessary permission in the form of individual license from the Wireless Planning &

coordination wing of the Ministry of Telecommunications, Government of India will be

obtained and this activity will be monitored by the Department of Fisheries, Government of

Tamilnadu. The installation of the shore equipment and end user equipment have been

entrusted with M/s.ELCOT, (Electronic Corporation of Tamilnadu) a Government of Tamilnadu

Undertaking.

The Government have decided to provide seamless communication systems to facilitate

establishes the proposed FLC .The scheme has been inaugurated in Ramanathapuram District

and the Government is taking action to extend this scheme to all the maritime Districts of

Tamilnadu for the next year.

8.2 OTHER WARNING SYSTEMS

Apart from the Seamless Communication Network, the other Cyclone / Storm / Storm Surge

Warning Systems through various agencies are presented in the Enclosure-III.




IX. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Emergency Preparedness and Management Plan will delineate the basic conceptual plan,

which will outline the response procedures necessary for residents to formulate an

Emergency Response Team (ERT) capable of addressing any of the aforementioned disasters

in a quick, responsible and safe manner. This team will be made up of personnel with the task

of electing an Emergency Team Leader with subordinates, who shall direct and execute all the

activities outlined by the response plans. The structure of the ERT is shown in the Figure-9.1.

The ERT must conduct periodic meetings to address important issues concerning the disaster

management plans. Such important issues should be the objectives of the committee, their

roles and responsibilities, updates, training, drills as well as their terms of reference (TOR)

which they will abide by.

In addition to the above structure, the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)

headed by the District Collector/ Magistrate, with the elected representative of the local

authority as the co-chairperson, will act as the planning, coordinating and implementing body

for DM and take all necessary measures for the purposes of DM in the district in accordance

with the guidelines laid down by NDMA and SDMA. It will, inter alia, prepare the district DM

plan including the response plan for the district, coordinate and monitor the implementation

of the national and state policies, the national, state and district plans and ensure that the

guidelines for prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response measures laid down by

NDMA and SDMA are followed by all departments of the government at the district level and

the local authorities in the district.

The ERT must conduct periodic meetings to address important issues concerning the disaster

management plans. Such important issues should be the objectives of the committee, their

roles and responsibilities, updates, training, drills as well as their terms of reference (TOR)

which they will abide by.

In addition to the above structure, the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)

headed by the District Collector/ Magistrate, with the elected representative of the local

authority as the co-chairperson, will act as the planning, coordinating and implementing body

for DM and take all necessary measures for the purposes of DM in the district in accordance




FIGURE-9.1 PROTOCOL OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM

Assistant Director of Fisheries (Marine), Kancheepuram or his

representative

Representative of Kovalam Fishing

FLC Management Community

(Liaison with all Government

Departments, Statutory bodies, Press,

immediate Funding, etc.)

Security or Safety Officer

Medical Officer (on

call)

Supervisors and other workers

(Trained in First Aid and

Emergency Preparedness)




with the guidelines laid down by NDMA and SDMA. It will, inter alia, prepare the district DM

plan including the response plan for the district, coordinate and monitor the implementation

of the national and state policies, the national, state and district plans and ensure that the

guidelines for prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response measures laid down by

NDMA and SDMA are followed by all departments of the government at the district level and

the local authorities in the district.




PROTOCOL

1. Facility : Fish Landing Centre, Kovalam

2. Key Person : The Assistant Director of Fisheries (Marine), Kancheepuram (Personnel for Emergency Management and the Protocol of Emergency Control Centre is presented in Enclosure-I)

3. Outside Organizations

a) Type of Accident : Accident due to various hazards Discussed in the Report

b) Responsibilities Assumed : Presented in Enclosure-II

4. Liaison of cooperating Organizations : Presented in Enclosure-II

5. Preliminary Hazard Analysis :

a) Type of Accident : Accident due to various hazards Discussed in the Report

b) Hazards : Presented in detail in Chapter-III of Risk Assessment Report

6. Site Characteristics : The Location of the site is presented in the Figure-1.

7. Emergency Control Room : The Emergency Control Centre be created in the administrative Building with required infrastructures

8. Dangers to FLC : Accident Scenarios and consequences are presented in the Risk Assessment Report

9. Stress and Strain : All Major Disasters

10. Warning and Alarm System : Presented in Enclosure-III.

11. Communication Facilities : Phone, Fax, Mobile Phone, Internet

12. Fire Fighting System : Proposed to provide Fire Extinguishers and hydrant system

13. Personal protective Equipment : Availability of Lifebuoys, Life Jackets Helmets and Safety Shoes

14. First-Aid Facilities : First Aid Box with all necessary Medicines and accessories will be

made available and at least two person trained on First aid treatment

15. Hospital Services : Presented in Enclosure-IV




X. CONCLUSION

The proposed FLC project location, Kovalam, is one of the vulnerable spot as found in the

recent times.

The Project Proponents are required to keep Risk Assessment Report and Emergency

Management Plan with required Protocols and Infrastructures for effective Management of

Fishing FLC from Natural and man-made calamities and disasters.

The salient features of the Risk Assessment and Emergency Management Plan are

summarized hereunder:

In-Plant Disaster Management Group, headed by the Head of the FLC.

Compliance to all Legal Systems of MoEF, especially with respect to CRZ

Notification, 2011 and EIA Notification, 2006.

Coordination with District and state level committees.

Awareness and Capacity Building for the local Fisherman community.

Coordination with State/District level DM Committees.

Strategic Planning of FLC with required open spaces for free movement of

vehicles and materials and fishing products.

Fuel Handling Systems and Storage yards for Fuels

Coordination with Crisis Groups in Local/District/State level as per Rules on

Emergency Planning Preparedness and Response for Chemical Accidents, 1996.

The following Infrastructures are to be created:

An exclusive Cyclone Warning Station

Connectivity to GPS and Tsunami Warning systems

Inner Roads as per the specified Standards with strategic traffic regulation

systems with traffic signals.




Green Corridor for thick and dense Vegetation and Green belt, inside the FLC

area and outside the battery limits be strategically planned and maintained.

Designated Fuel Handling activities, specified quantity of their storage and Safety

systems as per Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules,

1989.

Construction of Buildings and other off shore structures as per the respective BIS

Codes and Standards with Fire Safety systems in place.

The listed Management Procedures and Protocols be monitored on annual basis for project

specific changes and they must be manned by trained man power with requisite annual

budgetary provision, for effective Management Strategies for Disastrous situations, if arise.




ENCLOSURE-I

EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE

An exclusive cell with requisite infrastructure and competent personnel with designated

responsibilities shall be constituted in the FLC.

ECC is the main control centre from where the operations to handle the emergency are

directed and coordinated. The following facilities shall be made available in the centre.

Internal and external communication (Phone, Fax, Mobile, Internet

connectivity, etc.)

Workmen daily attendance

Records of CRZ/MoEF&CC/NDMA Guidelines/Specific Guidelines

Detailed plan of Evacuation

Safe Parking of MFVs

Fire fighting systems and additional source of water

List of outside organizations and their role during emergencies with telephone

numbers

Key Personnel for the Emergency Management

The Key Personnel during the emergency is listed below.

1. The Chief of the FLC (Works Main Controller)

2. Communication Officer/PRO

3. Security / Safety Officer

4. Medical Officer (on call)

5. Personnel/Administrative Officer

6. Supervisors and other workers (Work Team Leaders)




The duties of the Key Personnel in implementing the emergency procedures are elaborated

here under.

ERT Leader (Works Main Controller)

The Chief of the FLC shall be the main controller and leader of the ERT. He shall act on the

following.

Shall declare the emergency and instruct gate office to follow the emergency

plan

Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether the evacuation of

people from the FLC is needed

Exercise and direct operation over areas other than those affected

Liaison with Police, District Collectorate, Fire Service, medical Services, IMD,

NDMA and other Government Agencies

Direct and control rehabilitation of affected area after emergency

Ensure that evidence is preserved for enquiries to be conducted by statutory

authorities

Communication Manager

The Communication Manager shall act on the directions given by ERT leader and he shall act

on the following.

Shall act as a Liaison officer between ERT leader and other essential

department such as Police, Press, and statutory authorities

Shall communicate the emergency to all concerned in the on and off site

Inform the news to all outside organizations and seek their help

Inform outside fire and medical services

Ensure all non essential workers/fishermen are evacuated to assembly point




Always he shall be connected with the meteorological department for

weather conditions and updates

Communicate all information to the public as well if directed by ERT leader

Security/Safety Officer

The Security or Safety officer is responsible for fire fighting and training the workers on their

role during emergencies. He shall also take necessary steps in providing security to the

property and life of people in the FLC. He shall restrict the entry of vehicles and unauthorized

persons.

Personnel/Administrative Officer

The responsibilities of the Personnel/Administrative officer shall ensure that the casualties

receive adequate attention to arrange additional help if required and inform relatives. He

shall arrange for the relief of personnel and organize catering services and finance for the

expenditure to handle the emergency.

Work Team Leaders

During emergency, certain work must be immediately carried out by FLC supervisors and

other workers. They are nominated to carry out the following essential works at the time of

emergency.

Trained First-aid personnel to deal with casualties

Emergency engineering works such as provision of light, isolation of

equipment, etc.

Moving tankers or other vehicles from the area of risk

To act as runner in case of communication system fails

Task force of suitable trained people for manning of assembly points to record

the arrival of evacuated people, assistance of casualty arrival areas to record

details, manning the FLC entrance in liaison with security to restrict public

entry and unauthorized vehicles




The responsibility of the team and the leader should be given as follows.

1. Task force and Repair team

2. Fire fighting team

3. Communication team

4. Security team

5. Transport team

6. First-aid and Medical team

7. Safety team

The FLC supervisors and other workers be suitably designated for Team Leaders in their

respective area of operations.

Assembly Point - A safe place away from the FLC shall be determined as assembly point

where in case of emergency personnel evacuated from the affected area are to be assembled.

The FLC workers, Fishermen and visitors should assemble in assembly points in case of

emergency and make sure that everyone knows the place. The assemble point shall be

earmarked at the entry of the FLC itself.

Emergency Siren – The emergency siren should be used only in case of emergency that

requires off-site response and to alert the people. It should be audible to a distance of 5km

radius.

Escape Route – This is the shortest route to reach out the FLC to open area, which leads to

assembly point. The escape route from each and every area is clearly marked.

Evacuation – All non-essential staff should be advised to evacuate from the emergency site as

soon as the emergency is declared or siren rings.

Counting of Personnel – All personnel working in the FLC should be counted. Time office

person should collect the details of personnel arriving to assembly point.

Mock Drills – Mock drills on emergency planning should be conducted once in 6 months and

sequence of events should be recorded for improvement of the exercise. Exercises on

Emergency management Plan should be monitored by the Chief of the FLC.




Emergency Facilities – The following facilities should be provided in the FLC to tackle any

emergency.

Fire protection and fire fighting facilities

Emergency lighting and standby power

Personal Protective Equipment (hard hats, gum boots, etc.)

First-aid Kit

Torches

Ladders

Stretchers

Wind direction indicator

All Clear Signal – After control of emergency, the PRO or Communication officer will

communicate the ERT Leader about the cessation of emergency. The WMC can declare all

clear by instructing the time office to sound “All Clear Siren” or by announcing through public

addressing system.

The Emergency response arrangements are continuously monitored and upgraded. The FLC

shall allocate required budgetary of funds and keep the qualified people in place, with

periodical training through expert organizations. It should be made as the most integral part

of the FLC activity.




ENCLOSURE-II

OUTSIDE ORGANIZATIONS

The outside organizations and their respective role in the emergency response are listed

hereunder.

S. No. ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBILITIES

1. District Collector, Kancheepuram Overall coordination with all Government

bodies and Statutory Authorities

2. IMD office, Chennai Advise on the meteorological conditions and

providing warning signals during extreme

weather

3. Medical officer, Government Hospital,

Kancheepuram

First-Aid, Ambulance Services and Off-site

medical treatment

4. TNPCB, Kancheepuram Follow-up with Statutory bodies and

Government Agencies

5. Police, Kelambakkam General control, Regulations of Law and order

and Traffic Management

6. Fire and Rescue Service, Thiruporur Extinguishing fires, First-Aid, Recue and

Evacuation of People




ENCLOSURE-III

CYCLONE WARNING CENTRES

The Cyclone Warning Centre at the Meteorological Department in Chennai usually

communicates the cyclone warnings through the ‘Disaster Warning Systems’ installed at the

following offices:

1. District Collectorate - 044-27237433, 27238478

2. Thiruporur Taluk Office - 044-27445072

3. Chengalpet RDO’s Office - 044-27426492

The latest Cyclone Warning may be obtained from any of the Cyclone detection radar stations

given below:

SI.No Contact Persons / Offices Contact Telephone Numbers

1. Dy. Director General of Meteorology, Regional

Meteorological Centre, College Road, Chennai-6

044-28276752

PBX-044-28277061

044-28230091 to 94

Ext-256 to 260

2. Director, Area Cyclone Warning Centre, RMC,

Chennai

044-28271951

044-28271581 (Fax)

3. Duty Officer, MC, Chennai Round the clock-044-28271004

Off. Hrs 044-28271014/28271578

4. Cyclone Detection Radar, Rajaji Salai, Port Trust,

Centenary Building, Chennai 044-25360187

5. Cyclone Detection Centre, Karaikal

Fax: 04368-222531

Phone: 04368-22253

Telex: 04368-222331

6. Duty Officer, Cyclone Warning Dissemination

Centre, Chennai

044-28277061

Day time – 044-28271004,

044-28271951

Night time – 044-28271014




ENCLOSURE-IV

LIST OF HOSPITALS

Sl.No Name of Hospital Location Distance from

Kovalam (FLC)

1. Global Hospital Perumbakkam 17 km

2. Chettinad Health City Kelambakkam 6.5 km

3. Mathapitha Hospital Kovalam 1.0 km

4. Abirami Hospital Kovalam 1.0 km

5. Sri Sathya Sairam Medical Institute Thiruporur 8.0 km

LIST OF SHELTERS

Sl.No Name of Marriage Hall Location Distance from

Kavalam (FLC)

1. Natraj Thirumana Mandapam Kovalam 0.5 km

2. Mugambigai Mandapam Kovalam 0.5 km

3. Guruna Palace Kovalam 0.5 km

4. SGR Mahal Mambakkam 8.5 km

5. G.P.Janarajan Marriage Hall ECR Solinganallur 9.0 km

LIST OF FIRE SERVICE STATIONS

Sl.No Location Phone No.

1. Siruseri – Sipcot Industrial Estate 044-27470720

2. Maraimalai Nagar 044-27452930

3. Thirkazhukundram 044-27447001

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT AND MANAGEMENT...

Documents

Transcript of RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT AND MANAGEMENT...