LI CAM OAN

MC LC

TRANG PH BA LI CAM OAN MC LCDANH MC CC T VIT TT DANH MC CC BNG BIUDANH MC CC HNH V, TH

M U...............................................................................................................................11. TNH CP THIT CA TI.................................................................................12. MC CH NGHIN CU..........................................................................................2

3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU...............................................................34. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU..................................................................................35. NGHA KHOA HC V THC TIN CA TI.............................................46. KT CU CA DE TAI:..............................................................................................4Chng 1. TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG....................................................................................................................................61.1 THNG TIN DI NG S LC PHT TRIN.................................................61.2 H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G THEO 2 NHNH CNG NGH CHNH:..........................................................................................................................................111.2.1 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA......................................111.2.2 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh CDMA 2000................................121.3. MNG UMTS 3G V NH HNG CNG NGH MNG VINAPHONE.....141.3.1 nh hng cng ngh & dch v theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP qui nh p dng cho mng Vinaphone...........................................................................................141.3.2 Ni dung ch yu cc phin bn tiu chun 3GPP.............................................141.3.2.1 GPP R99.......................................................................................................151.3.2.2 3GPP R4.......................................................................................................171.3.2.3 3GPP R5.......................................................................................................181.3.2.4 3GPP R6 ......................................................................................................201.4 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................21Chng 2. H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS..........................................222.1. NGUYN L CDMA...............................................................................................222.1.1. Nguyn l tri ph CDMA ................................................................................222.1.2. K thut tri ph v gii tri ph.......................................................................232.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA............................................................................232.2. MT S C TRUNG LP VT L TRONG MNG TRUY NHP WCDMA..........................................................................................................................................252.2.1. Phng thc song cng......................................................................................252.2.2. Dung lng mng ..............................................................................................262.2.3. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD.........................................................262.2.4. Cu trc Cell......................................................................................................272.3 CU TRC H THNG V TUYN UMTS.........................................................282.3.1 Node-B................................................................................................................302.3.2 RNC (Radio Network Control)...........................................................................302.3.3 Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS..................................................................312.4 CC CHC NNG TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN..................312.4.1 Gii thiu v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA.........................................312.4.2 iu khin cng sut...........................................................................................322.4.3 iu khin chuyn giao.......................................................................................342.4.3.1 Chuyn giao trong cng tn s.....................................................................342.4.3.2 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM.....................................362.4.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA...............................................372.4.4 iu khin thu np..............................................................................................382.4.5 iu khin ti (iu khin nghn).......................................................................402.5 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................41Chng 3 M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G............................................................................................................................42

3.1 GII THIU V QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN.............................................423.1.1 Nguyn l chung.................................................................................................423.1.2 Mt s c im cn lu trong quy hoch mng.............................................433.1.2.1 D bo..........................................................................................................433.1.2.2 Quy hoch vng ph v tuyn......................................................................443.1.2.3 Nhiu t nhiu nh khai thc khc...............................................................453.2 QUY HOCH NH C MNG.............................................................................453.2.1 Tnh ton vng ph sng.....................................................................................463.2.1.1 Phn tch vng ph.......................................................................................463.2.1.2 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn..........................................................483.2.1.3 Tnh ton bn knh cell.................................................................................523.2.2 Phn tch dung lng..........................................................................................543.2.2.1 Gii thiu m hnh tnh ton dung lng Erlang-B.....................................543.2.2.2 Cc phng php chuyn i lu lng h thng UMTS theo m hnhErlang.......................................................................................................................553.2.2.3 nh c dung lng mng............................................................................573.3 QUY HOCH VNG PH V DUNG LNG CHI TIT..................................593.4 TI U MNG.........................................................................................................593.5 CHNG TRNH TNH TON M PHNG........................................................613.5.1 Lu thut ton................................................................................................613.5.2 Giao din chng trnh........................................................................................62......................................................................................................................................62......................................................................................................................................623.5.3 Tnh ton m phng............................................................................................623.6 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................63Chng 4 HIN TRNG MNG VINAPHONE V NH HNG TRIN KHAI MNG UMTS 3G..............................................................................................................644.1 TNG QUAN MNG VINAPHONE.......................................................................644.1.1 Tnh hnh pht trin ca Vinaphone nm 2008...................................................644.1.2. Tnh hnh mng li tnh n ht nm 2008......................................................654.2. HIN TRNG MNG V TUYN........................................................................674.2.1 T chc mng v tuyn.......................................................................................674.2.2 Dung lng mng v tuyn.................................................................................684.3. HIN TRNG MNG LI V DCH V.............................................................694.3.1 Cu hnh mng li v dch v hin ti.................................................................694.2.2 Dung lng mng li..........................................................................................704.4 NH HNG V K HOCH TRIN KHAI MNG 3G...................................714.4.1 nh hng kinh doanh thng mi................................................................714.4.2 K hoch v d nh trin khai mng 3G............................................................734.5 PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G................................764.5.1 Quy m trin khai................................................................................................764.5.2 Trin khai chung c s h tng mng 3G/2G.....................................................774.6 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................82Chng 5. QUY HOCH V TUYN UMTS 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG.....................................................................................................................835.1 HIN TRNG V D BO PHT TRIN THU BAO 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG..............................................................................................83

5.1.1 Khi qut tnh hnh kinh t x hi ti Tp Nng.............................................835.1.2 Tnh hnh pht trin mng Vin thng ti Tp Nng......................................845.1.3 Hin trng mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng.............................................865.1.4 D bo pht trin thu bao 3G mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng.............865.1.4.1 Tnh hnh pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng........865.1.4.2 D bo pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng............875.2 THIT K QUY HOCH MNG............................................................................895.2.1 Tnh ton s lng Node-B cn thit..................................................................895.2.2 Tnh ton dung lng cho Node-B......................................................................915.2.3 Kho st lp t trm pha 1.................................................................................945.2.3.1 V tr Node-B v RNC..................................................................................945.2.3.2 Truyn dn cho Node-B...............................................................................945.3 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................99KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN CA TI................................................99TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................101PH LC..........................................................................................................................102

DANH MC CC T VIT TT

1xEV- DO3G3GPP

3GPP2

A.

1x Evolution Data OptimizedThird GenerationThird Generation Global PartnershipProjectThird Generation Global PartnershipProject 2

Pha 1- Ti u d liuTh h 3D n hi nhp ton cu th h 3

AGCAutomatic Gain ControlB iu khin tng ch t ng

AMR AMPSB. BHCA BER BLER BPSK BSIC BTSC. CDG CDMA CN CRCD. DL DSSS E. EDGEEIRP ETSI F.FDD

FDMA FERG. GGSN GPRS GP GPS

Adaptive Multi-Rate codec

Advanced Mobile Phone System

Busy Hour Call AttemptsBit Error RateBlock Error RateBinary Phase Shift Keying Base station identity code Base Tranceiver Station

The CDMA Development Group Code Division Multiple Access Core NetworkCylic Redundancy Check

DownlinkDirect Sequence Spread Spectrum

Enhanced Data Rates for Evolution Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power European Telecommunication Standard Institute

Frequency Division Duplex

Frequency Division Multiple AccessFrame Error Rate

Gateway GPRS Support Node General Packet Radio Service Gain ProcesserGlobal Positioning System

B m ho v gii m a tc thch nghiH thng in thoi di ng tin tin (M)

S cuc gi trong gi bnTc li bit. Tc li BlockKho dch pha nh phn. M nhn dng trm gc Trm gc

Nhm pht trin CDMATruy nhp phn chia theo mMng liM vng kim tra d tha

ng xungH thng tri ph chui trc tip

Cc tc d liu tng cng cho s tin hoCng sut bc x ng hng tng ngVin chun ho vin thng Chuu

Phng thc song cng phn chia theo tn sa truy nhp phn chia theo tn s

T s li khung

Nt h tr cng GPRSDch v v tuyn gi chung. li xlH thng nh v ton cu.

GSMGlobal System for MobileTelecommunication

H thng vin thng di ng toncu

H. HLR HSDPAHSUPA HOI.IMT-2000

IMT- MC IPITU

Iub Iur K.

Home Location RegistorHigh Speed Downlink Packet Access High Speed Uplink Packet Access HandoverInternational MobileTelecommunication 2000IMT- MulticarrierInternet ProtocolInternational TelecommunicationUnion

B ng k thng trTruy nhp gi ng xung tc caoTruy nhp gi ln xung tc caoChuyn giao

Thng tin di ng ton cu 2000

IMT a sng mang. Giao thc InternetLin hp vin thng quc t.

Giao din gia RNC v nt B Giao din gia 2 RNC.

KPIKey performace IndicatorB ch th hiu nng chnh.L.LOSLine of sightTm nhn thngM.

ME MMS MGW MPLS MIMO MSC

MSS O. OFDM

OMC

P.

Mobile EquipmentMultimedia Messaging ServiceMedia GatewayMultiprotocol Label SwitchingMulti input multi outputMobile Service Switching Centre

MSC server

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexingOperation Mainternance Center

Thit b di ngDch v nhn tin a phng tinNt cng ca SoftswitchChuyn mch nhn a giao thca phn tp Anten In/OutTrung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng.Nt chuyn mch ca Softswitch

Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giaoTrung tm iu hnh qun l khai thc

PCUPacket Control Unitn v iu khin gi

PNPPS-IN

Q.

Pseudo NoisePrepaid System - Interligent Network

Gi tp mH thng iu khin thu bao tr trc IN

QPSKQuardrature Phase Phase ShiftKeying

Kho dch pha cu phng.

R. RAM RAT RNC RNS RRC

RRM

S. SFN SCPSDP SGSNSHOSIP SIR SMS SNR STP T. TDDTDMA TPCTSCU. UE UL

Radio Access ModeRadio Access Technology Radio Network Controller Radio Network subsystemRadio Resoure Control protocol

Radio Resouse Management

System Frame NumberService Control Point

Service Data Point

Serving GPRS Support Node. Soft HandoverSession Initiation Protocol Signal to Interference Ratio Short Messaging Service Signal to Noise Ratio Signaling Transfer Point

Time Division Duplex

Time Division Multiple Access

Transmission Power ControlTrantsit/Gateway Center

User EquipmentUplink

Ch truy nhp v tuyn. Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn. B iu khin mng v tuyn. Phn h mng v tuynGiao thc iu khin ti nguyn v tuynThut ton qun l ti nguyn v tuyn.

S hiu khung h thng.Nt h tr iu khin dch v trong PPS-INNt h tr iu khin d liu trongPPS-INNt h tr GPRS phc vChuyn giao mm.Giao thc khi to phin T s tn hiu trn nhiu Dch v nhn tin ngn.T s tn hiu trn tp mim chuyn tip bo hiu

Phng thc song cng phn chia theo thi giana truy nhp phn chia theo thi gianiu khin cng sut phtTrung tm chuyn tip cuc gi

Thit b ngi s dngng xung

UMTS USIM UTRANV. VLR VOIP

W.

Universal MobileTelecommunication SystemUMTS Subscriber Identify Module UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

Visitor Location RegistorVoice Over Internet Protocol

H thng vin thng di ng ton cu.Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS

Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt tUMTS

B ng k tm trTruyn thoi qua giao thcInternet.

WCDMAWideband Code Division MultipleAccess

a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng

DANH MC CC BNG BIU

DANH MC CC HNH V, TH

Hnh 1-1 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh..............................8Hnh 1-2 nh hng pht trin cng ngh 4G................................................................9Hnh 1-3 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA........11Hnh 1-4 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh CDMA 2000....................................12Hnh 1.5 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R99................................................16Hnh 1.6 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R4..................................................17Hnh 1.7 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R5..................................................19Hnh 1.8 M hnh cung cp dch v s dng giao thc SIP trn IMS..........................20Hnh 2-1 Qu trnh tri ph v gii tri ph...................................................................23Hnh 2-2 Cc cng ngh a truy nhp.............................................................................24Hnh 2-3 Nguyn l ca a truy nhp tri ph................................................................24Hnh 2-4 Phn b ph tn cho UMTS chu u...............................................................26Hnh 2-5 S nh x gia cc knh khc nhau............................................................27Hnh 2-6 Cu trc cell UMTS...........................................................................................28Hnh 2-7 Cu trc tng th h thng UMTS/GSM.........................................................29Hnh 2-8 Cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong mng WCDMA............32Hnh 2-9 S so snh gia chuyn giao cng v chuyn giao mm...........................35Hnh 2-10 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng GSM v WCDMA.......................................36Hnh 2-11 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc h thng..........................................................37Hnh 2-12 Nhu cu chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA.........................38Hnh 2-13 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s...............................................................38Hnh 2-14 ng cong ti..................................................................................................39Hnh 3-1 Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng WCDMA.......................................43Hnh 3-2 Qu trnh tnh bn knh vng ph sng...........................................................46Hnh 3-3 Vng ph sng ca cell theo cc loi dch v khc nhau................................48Hnh 3-4 nh hng ca SFM n vng ph sng.........................................................51Hnh 4.1 M t thit b 3G dng chung s h tng 2G ..................................................78Hnh 4.2 Phng n s dng anten cho 3G ....................................................................79Hnh 4.3 M t khi qut vic dng chung feeder..........................................................80Hnh 4.4 M t dng chung thit b ngun......................................................................81Hnh 4.5 M t dng chung nh trm..............................................................................82

M U

1. TNH CP THIT CA TI

Thng tin lin lc l mt nhu cu ca bt k mt x hi pht trin no. p ng nhu cu lin lc ngy cng cao ca x hi, thng tin di ng c nghin cu v pht trin t rt sm, bt u vi cc h thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh analog, cho n nay cc mng di ng s dng cng ngh s ang c ng dng rng ri v pht trin v cng mnh m. Mt xu hng r nt trong lnh vc thng tin di ng hin nay l cc nh cung cp dch v ngoi vic m rng dung lng khai thc hin c th vic p dng nghin cu cng nh xc nh l trnh pht trin cng ngh tng cng kh nng cung cp a dch v tt hn n khch hng ngy cng c quan tm nhiu hn. Trong 3G - H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 chnh l gii php cng ngh tin tin ang c cc nh khai thc mng trin khai.Ti Vit Nam, tri qua hn hai thp k pht trin, cho n nay c nc c

7 nh khai thc dch v thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh GSM v CDMA. iu minh chng cho cho s pht trin khng ngng ca h tng mng thng tin di ng trong nc trong xu th hi nhp v th hin s cnh tranh khc lit trong lnh vc ny. Thc t pht trin th trng ti Vit Nam cho thy, n nay cc mng di ng s dng cng ngh GSM ang chim u th tuyt i v s lng khch hng vi 56,5 triu thu bao trn tng s 63,5 triu thu bao di ng (s liu ca Tp ch Khoa hc k thut v kinh t Bu in). Vi s lng thu bao pht trin ln mnh nh vy trong thi gian qua cng vi vic cnh tranh khc lit gia cc nh khai thc dch v thng tin di ng th h tng mng thng tin di ng 2G & 2,5G c khai thc ti a cho cc dch v truyn thng. Do vy c h tng mng thch hp cung cp cc dch v trn nn IP/Internet, cc dch v truyn thng a phng tin multimedia, cc dch v gia tng mi, cc dch v hi t Di ng-C nh, nht l dch v truyn ting ni di dng gi VoIP v iu kin cho php h gi thnh cung cp cc dch v ny nhm tng tnh cnh

tranh vi cc doanh nghip vin thng khc th bt buc cn phi c nhng bc chuyn i, pht trin, nng cp h tng i vi mng di ng hin ti l iu tt yu v ht sc cp thit.Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ca pht trin kinh t x hi Vit Nam ni chung v th trng vin thng ni ring, trong nhng nm qua vi nhiu bc pht trin vt bc a mng VinaPhone cng vi Mobile- Phone, Viettel tr thnh cc nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng ln ti Vit Nam v quy m pht trin thu bao cng nh h tng mng: tng s thu bao ton mng VinaPhone n ht nm 2008 l 15,5 triu thu bao cng vi h tng mng ln mnh gm: 30 tng i, 135 BSC v trn 9.000 BTS. Vi xu th chung pht trin thu bao di ng ti Vit Nam v nhu cu tng cao v cc dch v di ng Multimedia ...ca khch hng trong thi gian n, mng VinaPhone trn ton quc ni chung v khu vc Tp Nng ni ring cn phi gp rt thc hin nng cp v xy dng h tng mng 3G theo nh hng NGN-Mobile. Vic nghin cu tm hiu v a ra gii php quy hoch thit k chi tit h thng v tuyn UMTS-3G trong thi gian ngn l v cng cp thit i vi vic kinh doanh v pht trin ca mng VinaPhone trong thi gian n. V cng tc quy hoch thit k chi tit s gip VinaPhone ti u v mt ti nguyn x l h thng, ti u v mt khai thc vn hnh bo dng, chi ph u t mng 3G v ph hp vi quy hoch ti u ha mng phn vng thit b 2G. ti Gii php quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G v p dng trin khai cho mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng s p ng c nhu cu thit thc trong pht trin mng VinaPhone ni chung v khu vc Tp Nng ni ring, a ra dch v 3G sm nht c th l iu rt quan trng v tc ng trc tip n thng hiu, uy tn, nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip.2. MC CH NGHIN CU

- Nghin cu, tm hiu v nh gi hin trng mng VinaPhone ni chung v khu vc Tp Nng ni ring. D bo nhu cu tng trng thu bao 3G ca mng VinaPhone

- Nghin cu gii php quy hoch mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G.

- Trin khai quy hoch c th mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G cho mng

VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng.

3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU

a) i tng nghin cu:

- Mng truy nhp v tuyn VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng

- L thuyt tng quan truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA v cc c im lin quan:

iu khin cng sut v chuyn giao trong qun l ti nguyn v tuyn..

- L thuyt quy hoch h thng truy nhp WCDMA v k thut thit k vng ph sng, thit k lu lng.b) Phm vi nghin cu :

- Nghin cu l thuyt v quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G, thit k vng ph sng, thit k lu lng, nh c h thng, truyn dn.- Nghin cu hin trng dung lng v tuyn mng VinaPhone, kh nng v gii php trin khai nng cp ln 3G.- Qua nghin cu, tm hiu, a ra kt qu quy hoch mng v tuyn 3G VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng.4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU- Nghin cu l thuyt, tm hiu cc thng s lin quan n quy hoch v thit k mng v tuyn UMTS 3G nh: qu cng sut ng truyn cho cc loi dch v, h s ti, thng lng cella ra lu thut ton tnh cc thng s lin quan n vic thit k vng ph sng, ng thi xy dng chng trnh m phng tnh ton.

- Kho st vng sng theo yu cu thc t cng nh tnh hnh kinh t, x hi, tnh hnh pht trin mng vin thng trn a bn Tp Nng, kt hp vi nh hng pht trin v hin trng ca mng VinaPhone. Trn c s , d bo v tnh ton nhu cu dung lng nh c mng nhm phc v cho vic xy dng cu hnh mng. Sau khi nh c mng, quy hoch vng ph s i n quy hoch chi tit,

tnh ton s lng cc node, chn v tr t trm v d kin phng n truyn dn cho cc node.5. NGHA KHOA HC V THC TIN CA TI

L thuyt v quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G cng nh cc m hnh mng thng tin di ng 3G c nghin cu v chun ha rng ri trn ton th gii. Tuy nhin vic p dng vo thc t ti mi quc gia, ng vi mi nh khai thc li khng th p dng theo mt l trnh cng nhc no, iu ty thuc vo hon cnh c th, vo iu kin pht trin ca th trng v th phn ca nh khai thc . i vi mng VinaPhone, do lng khch hng ngy cng tng c v s lng v nhu cu dch v, vic trin khai quy hoch chi tit mng v tuyn UMTS3G p dng cc gii php k thut cng cn c cc nghin cu v nh gi da trn c im c th ca tng vng, ti ny chnh l mt trong nhng nghin cu cng tc quy hoch nh gi, nhm trin khai xy dng h thng truy nhp v tuyn mi vo thc t mt cch bi bn, hiu qu, khng ch p ng nhu cu trc mt m cn l nhu cu pht trin lu di theo l trnh v nh hng nht nh. Kt qu ca ti chnh l mt n chi tit nhm trin khai mng v tuyn UMTS 3G st vi thc t cho mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng trong thi gian gn nht, do mang tnh thc tin cao.6. KT CU CA DE TAI:

De tai bao gm 5 chng, vi ni dung tm tt nh sau:

Chng 1: TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NGChng ny s gii thiu khi qut s pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng v xu hng pht trin trong giai on n. Trong s tp trung nghin cu lch s pht trin v cc c trng c bn ca h thng UMTS 3G v xu hng pht trin ca mng Vinaphone ln 3G.Chng 2: H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS 3G

Chng ny s gii thiu khi qut mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G, trong s tp trung trnh by nhng vn l thuyt lin quan n cng ngh

WCDMA, h thng v tuyn UMTS 3G v nhng c trng ca cng ngh WCDMA, iu khin cng sut v iu khin chuyn giao trong qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMAChng 3: M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G.Chng ny trnh by v bi ton thit k quy hoch v xy dng h thng v tuyn UMTS 3G theo cc thng s v c trung ring ca h thng. T xy dng chng trnh m phng vic tnh ton chi tit vng ph sng v dung lng hthng.

Chng 4: HIN TRNG VINAPHONE V NH HNG TRIN KHAI MNG V TUYN UMTS 3GVi s gip ca Cng ty Dch v vin thng VinaPhone, m c bit l Ban 3G-NGN, chng ny s cung cp cc s liu thc t ca ton mng VinaPhone tnh n ht thng 6/2009. T y s a ra cc nh hng pht trin mng v tuyn UMTS 3G cho mng VinaPhone trong giai on 2009-2023.Chng 5: QUY HOCH V TUYN UMTS 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNGKho st c th yu cu thc t qua tnh hnh kinh t, x hi, tnh hnh pht trin mng vin thng trn a bn Tp Nng, kt hp vi nh hng pht trin v hin trng ca mng VinaPhone. Trn c s , d bo v tnh ton nhu cu dung lng, vng ph xy dng thit k chi tit mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS3G mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng.

Chng 1. TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG

1.1 THNG TIN DI NG S LC PHT TRIN

H thng thng tin di ng theo l trnh pht trin n nay c cc th h sau:- Th h th nht 1G: H thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh a truy nhp theo tn s (FDMA) l h thng t bo tng t dung lng thp v ch c dchv thoi, tn ti l cc h thng NMT (Bc u), TACS (Anh), AMPS (M). n nhng nm 1980 tr nn qu ti khi nhu cu v s ngi s dng ngy cng tng ln. Lc ny, cc nh pht trin cng ngh di ng trn th gii nhn nh cn phi xy dng mt h thng t bo th h 2 m hon ton s dng cng ngh s. phi l cc h thng x l tn hiu s cung cp c dung lng ln, cht lng thoi c ci thin, c th p ng cc dch truyn s liu tc thp.

- Th h th hai 2G: Cc h thng 2G gm: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication - Chu u), h thng D-AMPS (M) s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian TDMA, IS-95 M v Hn Quc s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA bng hp. Do tnh chun ha v tng thch qui m vng. Nhiu mng 2G gt hi c thnh cng ng k v c gii php k thut cng nh hiu qu kinh doanh. Mt trong s ny l s thnh cng ca h thng GSM v y chnh l mt thnh cng ln hn mong i.n nm nm 1999, tng thng lng truyn phc v nhu cu truyn thng tin trn mng di ng 2G, GPRS ra i. GPRS i khi c xem nh l2,5G. Tc truyn data rate ca GPRS ci tin tc truyn tng ln gp 3 ln so vi GSM, tc l 20-30Kbps. GPRS cho php pht trin dch v WAP v Internet (email) tc thp. Tip theo sau, nm 2000, EDGE ra i vi kh nng cung ng tc ln c 250 Kbps (trn l thuyt). EDGE cn c bit n nh l2,75G (trn ng tin ti 3G)

Mc d h thng thng tin di ng 2G c coi l nhng tin b ng k nhng vn gp phi cc hn ch sau: Tc thp v ti nguyn hn hp. V th cn thit phi chuyn i ln mng thng tin di ng th h tip theo ci thin dch v truyn s liu, nng cao tc bit v ti nguyn c chia sMt khc, khi cc h thng thng tin di ng ngy cng pht trin, khng ch s lng ngi s dng in thoi di ng tng ln, m rng th trng m ngi s dng cn i hi cc dch v tin tin hn khng ch l cc dch v cuc gi thoi truyn thng v dch v s liu tc thp hin c trong mng hin ti. Nhu cu ca th trng c th phn loi thnh cc lnh vc nh: Dch v d liu my tnh, dch v vin thng, dch v ni dung s nh m thanh hnh nh.Nhng l do trn thc y cc t chc nghin cu pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii tin hnh nghin cu v p dng trong thc t chun mi cho h thng thng tin di ng: Thng tin di ng 3G- Th h th ba 3G: nh hng thit lp mt h thng thng tin di ng ton cu. T nhu cu thc tin cn phi pht trin ln 3G, cc nh cung cp dch v mng a ra cc tiu ch chung pht trin ln mng di ng 3G nh sau:- H thng phi c chun ha hon ton; cc giao din chnh phi c chun ha v m;- H thng phi b sung cho h thng hin ti trn mi kha cnh;

- Multimedia v tt c cc thnh phn ca multimedia phi c h thng h

tr;

- Truy nhp radio ca 3G phi cung cp kh nng bng rng;

- Cc dch v i vi ngi dng u cui c lp vi chi tit cng ngh, v

h tng mng khng gii hn a ra dch v. Vy nn phi tch bit platform cng ngh vi dch v s dng platform . tng chnh yu n cha sau 3G l chun b mt h tng vn nng c kh nng ti cc dch v hin ti v tng lai. H tng phi c thit k sao cho nhng i thay v tin trin cng ngh c th c mng h tr khng gy ra mt bt n no i vi cc dch v s dng cu trc mng hin ti. lm c vy, 3G tch

bit cng ngh truy cp, cng ngh truyn ti, cng ngh dch v (iu khin u ni) v nhng ng dng ngi dng.Hin ti c nhiu chun cng ngh cho 2G nn s c nhiu chun cng ngh

3G i theo, tuy nhin trn thc t ch c 2 tiu chun quan trng nht c sn phm thng mi v c kh nng c trin khai rng ri trn ton th gii l WCDMA (FDD) v CDMA 2000. WCDMA c pht trin trn c s tng thch vi giao thc ca mng li GSM (GSM MAP), mt h thng chim ti 65% th trng th gii. Cn CDMA 2000 nhm tng thch vi mng li IS-41, hin chim15% th trng. Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G cng s tp trung vo 2 hng chnh

ny, c th c tm tt trong hnh 1-1.

TACS

NMT (900)

GSM (900)

GSM (1800)

GPRS

WCDM A

GSM (1900)

IS-136 (1900)

GPRS

IS-95(J-STD-008) (1900)

EDGE

AMPS

IS-136TDMA (800)

IS-95CDMA (800)

cdma20001x

cdma2000Mx

SMR

iDEN (800)

1G 2G 2.5G3G

Hnh 1-1 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh

- Th h th t 4G: Cc nh cung cp dch v v ngi dng u lun mong mun v hng ti cc cng ngh khng dy c th cung cp c nhiu loi hnh dch v hn vi tnh nng v cht lng dch v cao hn. Vi cch nhn nhn

ny, Lin minh Vin thng quc t (ITU) v ang lm vic hng ti mt chun cho mng di ng t bo mi th h th t 4G. ITU ln k hoch c th cho ra i chun ny mt vi nm ti. Cng ngh ny s cho php thoi da trn IP, truyn s liu v a phng tin vi tc cao hn rt nhiu so vi cc cng ngh ca mng di ng hin nay. V l thuyt, theo tnh ton d kin tc truyn d liu c th ln ti 288 Mb/s.Cho n hin nay, cha c mt chun no r rng cho 4G c thng qua. Tuy nhin, nhng cng ngh pht trin cho 3G hin nay s lm tin cho ITU xem xt pht trin cho chun 4G. Cc s c quan trng ITU thng qua cho chun4G chnh l t h tr ca cc cng ty di ng ton cu; cc t chc chun ha v c bit l s xut hin ca ba cng ngh cho vic pht trin mng di ng t bo LTE (Long-Term Evolution), UMB (Ultramobile Broadband) v WiMAX II (IEEE802.16m). Ba cng ngh ny c th c xem l cc cng ngh tin 4G. Chng s l cc cng ngh quan trng gip ITU xy dng cc pht hnh cho chun 4G trong thi gian ti.

Hnh 1-2 nh hng pht trin cng ngh 4G

Sau y xem xt ba cng ngh c xem l cc cng ngh tin 4G, l cc cng ngh lm s c xy dng nn chun 4G trong tng lai, gm:- LTE (Long-Term Evolution)

T chc chun ha cng ngh mng thng tin di ng 3G UMTS 3GPP bao gm cc t chc chun ha ca cc nc chu , chu u v Bc M bt u chun ha th h tip theo ca mng di ng 3G l LTE.

LTE c xy dng trn nn cng ngh GSM, v th n d dng thay th v trin khai cho nhiu nh cung cp dch v. Nhng khc vi GSM, LTE s dng phng thc ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDM). LTE s dng ph tn mt cch thch hp v mm do, n c th hot ng bng tn c rng t1,25MHz cho ti 20MHz. Tc truyn d liu ln nht v l thuyt ca LTE c th t ti 250Mb/s khi rng bng tn l 20MHz. LTE khc vi cc cng ngh tin 4G khc nh WiMAX II ch n ch s dng a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao hng ln, cn hng xung n s dng a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s n sng mang nng cao hiu qu trong vic iu khin cng sut v nng cao thi gian s dng pin cho thit b u cui ca khch hng.- UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband): T chc chun ha cng ngh thng tin di ng 3G CDMA2000 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) c thnh lp v pht trin bi cc t chc vin thng ca Nht, Trung Quc, Bc M v Hn Quc xut pht trin UMB. Thnh vin ca 3GPP2, Qualcomm l ngi i u trong n lc pht trin UMB, mc d cng ty ny cng ch tm c vo vic pht trin LTE.UMB da trn CDMA c th hot ng bng tn c rng t 1,25MHz n 20MHz v lm vic nhiu di tn s. UMB c xut vi tc truyn d liu ln ti 288Mb/s cho lung xung v 75Mb/s cho lung trn vi rng bng tn s dng l 20MHz. Cng ngh ny s cung cp kt ni thng qua cc sng mang da trn a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA.- IEEE 802.16m (WiMAX II): Nh chng ta bit, WiMAX hay chun

802.16 ban u c xy dng cho mc ch chnh l cung cp cc dch v mng c nh. Chun IEEE 802.16e c pht trin thm tnh nng di ng t cc chun WiMAX trc . IEEE 802.16 l mt chui cc chun do IEEE pht trin, chng h tr c c nh v di ng, l cng ngh truyn thng, truy nhp din rng, n cng c gi vi mt tn khc l WiMAX. WiMAX hot ng trong di tn t10GHz n 66 GHz.

IEEE 802.16m hay cn gi l WiMAX II l cng ngh duy nht trong cc cng ngh tin 4G c xy dng hon ton da trn cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDMA. WiMAX II c pht trin ln t chun IEEE802.16e. Cng ngh WiMAX II s h tr tc truyn d liu ln ti 100Mb/s cho cc ng dng di ng v c th ln ti 1Gb/s cho cc ngi dng tnh. Khong cch truyn cho WiMAX II s khong 2 km mi trng thnh th v l khong 10 km cho cc khu vc nng thn.1.2 H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G THEO 2 NHNH CNG NGH CHNH:1.2.1 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMAWCDMA l mt tiu chun thng tin di ng 3G ca IMT-2000 c pht trin ch yu Chu u vi mc ch cho php cc mng cung cp kh nng chuyn vng ton cu v h tr nhiu dch v thoi, dch v a phng tin. Cc mng WCDMA c xy dng da trn c s mng GSM, tn dng c s h tng sn c ca cc nh khai thc mng GSM. Qu trnh pht trin t GSM ln WCDMA qua cc giai on trung gian, c th c tm tt trong s sau y:

GSM GPRS EDGEWCDMA

1999 2000 2002

Hnh 1-3 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA

- GPRS: GPRS cung cp cc kt ni s liu chuyn mch gi vi tc truyn ln ti 171,2Kbps (tc s liu nh) v h tr giao thc Internet TCP/IP v X25, nh vy tng cng ng k cc dch v s liu ca GSM.Cng vic tch hp GPRS vo mng GSM hin ti l mt qu trnh n gin. Mt phn cc khe trn giao din v tuyn dnh cho GPRS, cho php ghp knh s liu gi c lp lch trnh trc i vi mt s trm di ng. Cn mng li GSM c to thnh t cc kt ni chuyn mch knh c m rng bng cch thm vo cc nt chuyn mch s liu Gateway mi, c gi l GGSN v SGSN. GPRS l

mt gii php c chun ho hon ton vi cc giao din m rng v c th chuyn thng ln 3G v cu trc mng li.- EDGE: H thng 2,5G tip theo i vi GSM l EDGE. EDGE p dng phng php iu ch 8PSK, iu ny lm tng tc ca GSM ln 3 ln. EDGE l l tng i vi pht trin GSM, n ch cn nng cp phn mm trm gc. Nu EDGE c kt hp cng vi GPRS th khi c gi l EGPRS. Tc ti a i vi EGPRS khi s dng c 8 khe thi gian l 384kbps.- WCDMA: WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) l mt cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn c pht trin mnh Chu u. H thng ny hot ng ch FDD & TDD v da trn k thut tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS- Direct Sequence Spectrum) s dng tc chip 3,84Mcps bn trong bng tn5MHz. WCDMA h tr trn vn c dch v chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi tc cao v m bo s hot ng ng thi cc dch v hn hp vi ch gi hot ng mc hiu qu cao nht. Hn na WCDMA c th h tr cc tc s liu khc nhau, da trn th tc iu chnh tc .1.2.2 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh CDMA 2000.H thng CDMA 2000 gm mt s nhnh hoc giai on pht trin khc nhau h tr cc dch v ph c tng cng. Ni chung CDMA 2000 l mt cch tip cn a sng mang cho cc sng c rng n ln 1,25MHz hot ng ch FDD. Nhng cng vic chun ho tp trung vo gii php mt sng mang n 1,25MHz (1x) vi tc chip gn ging IS-95. CDMA 2000 c pht trin t cc mng IS-95 ca h thng thng tin di ng 2G, c th m t qu trnh pht trin trong hnh v sau:

IS-95A IS-95BCdma2000 1x Cdma2000 Mx

1999 2000 2002

Hnh 1-4 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh CDMA 2000.

- IS-95B: IS-95B hay CDMA One c coi l cng ngh thng tin di ng2,5G thuc nhnh pht trin CDMA 2000, l mt tiu chun kh linh hot cho php cung cp dch v s liu tc ln n 115Kbps

- CDMA 2000 1xRTT: Giai on u ca CDMA2000 c gi l 1xRTT hay ch l 1xEV-DO, c thit k nhm ci thin dung lng thoi ca IS-95B v h tr kh nng truyn s liu tc nh ln ti 307,2Kbps. Tuy nhin, cc thit b u cui thng mi ca 1x mi ch cho php tc s liu nh ln ti153,6kbps.

-CDMA 2000 1xEV-DO: 1xEV-DO c hnh thnh t cng ngh HDR (High Data Rate) ca Qualcomm v c chp nhn vi tn ny nh l mt tiu chun thng tin di ng 3G vo thng 8 nm 2001 v bo hiu cho s pht trin ca gii php n sng mang i vi truyn s liu gi ring bit.

Nguyn l c bn ca h thng ny l chia cc dch v thoi v dch v s liu tc cao vo cc sng mang khc nhau. 1xEV-DO c th c xem nh mt mng s liu xp chng, yu cu mt sng mang ring. tin hnh cc cuc gi va c thoi, va c s liu trn cu trc xp chng ny cn c cc thit b hot ng 2 ch 1x v 1xEV-DO.

- CDMA 2000 1xEV-DV: Trong cng ngh 1xEV-DO c s d tha v ti nguyn do s phn bit c nh ti nguyn dnh cho thoi v ti nguyn dnh cho s liu. Do CDG (nhm pht trin CDMA) khi u pha th ba ca CDMA 2000 bng cc a cc dch v thoi v s liu quay v ch dng mt sng mang1,25MHz v tip tc duy tr s tng thch ngc vi 1xRTT. Tc s liu cc i ca ngi s dng ln ti 3,1Mbps tng ng vi kch thc gi d liu 3.940 bit trong khong thi gian 1,25ms.

- CDMA 2000 3x(MC- CDMA ): CDMA 2000 3x hay 3xRTT cp n s la chn a sng mang ban u trong cu hnh v tuyn CDMA 2000 v c gi l MC-CDMA (Multi carrier) thuc IMT-MC trong IMT-2000. Cng ngh ny lin quan n vic s dng 3 sng mang 1x tng tc s liu v c thit k cho di tn 5MHz (gm 3 knh 1,25Mhz). S la chn a sng mang ny ch p dng c trong truyn dn ng xung. ng ln tri ph trc tip, ging nh WCDMA vi tc chip hi thp hn mt t 3,6864Mcps (3 ln 1,2288Mcps).

1.3.MNGUMTS3GVNHHNGCNGNGHMNG VINAPHONE1.3.1 nh hng cng ngh & dch v theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP qui nh p dng cho mng VinaphoneChun 3GPP qui nh pht trin cng ngh v cu trc mng GSM 2G truyn thng pht trin ln UMTS 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA vi xu hng s dng truyn ti TDM tin n mt mng "All IP" theo trnh t phin bn:3GPP R99, 3GPP R4, 3GPP R5 v 3GPP R6. Mng Vinaphone trong giai on hn

13 nm qua u t tr thnh mng GSM 2,5G v l phn u trong qu trnh chun ho 3 GPP. V vy La chn nh hng tin trin thng tin di ng ln 3G cho mang Vinaphone theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP khuyn ngh v:- Chun ETSI cho thng tin di ng GSM ng nht cho cc nc chu u c th s dng ton cu ha thng tin mobile nh hng 3G;- Mng VINAPHONE ang theo chun GSM/ETSI chu u l GSM

900/1800.

- UMTS tha hng nhiu phn t chc nng t GSM hin ti. Nn vic tn dng cc thit b ang c trn mng s em li nhiu thun li ln cho Vinaphone .1.3.2 Ni dung ch yu cc phin bn tiu chun 3GPP

ETSI l t chc tiu chun thng tin di ng GSM trong nhng nm 1980 v

1990. ETSI cn xy dng cu trc chun ha mng GPRS. Chun cui cng ETSI

xy dng nm 1998.

3GPP thnh lp nm 1998 l t chc kt hp ca cc t chc tiu chun ha: chu u, Nht, Nam Triu tin, M v Trung quc. Mc ch chun ha h thng thng tin di ng 3G theo nh hng:- Phn truy nhp v tuyn s dng WCDMA v TD-CDMA;

- Phn core: pht trin t GSM, k tha nhng nhng tiu chun ETSI do

SMG xy dng.

n nm 2001, sau khi hon thnh phin bn 3GPP R99, 3GPP chia thnh hai t chc:

- 3GPP: xy dng cc tiu chun pht trin mng core, dch v, cu trc h thng, truy cp radio WCDMA v TD-CDMA;- ETSI SMG: pht trin truy nhp radio GSM v EDGE.

Trong 3GPP xy dng cc b tiu chun trn c s nm. Phin bn u tin l 3GPP Release 99 (3GPP R99). n nay 3GPP c 04 phin bn v ang c cc nh khai thc trn th gii p dng:- 3GPP release 99 (3GPP R99): chnh thc c p dng t thng 3/2001;

- 3GPP release 4 (3GPP R4): chnh thc c p dng t thng 9/2002;

- 3GPP release 5 (3GPP R5): thng 12/2003 ang c p dng;

- 3GPP release 6 (3GPP R6): b sung nhng im thiu trong IMS 3GPP R5 v a thm vo mt s features mi; tin ti mt mng truyn ti All IP.Ni dung c bn tng phin bn 3GPP qui nh nh sau:

1.3.2.1 GPP R99

a) Nhng yu cu chnh

Tp trung vo s ang hin din ca mng GSM, c 02 yu cu t ra l:

- Mng UMTS phi tng thch vi mng GSM ang tn ti;

- Hai mng UMTS v GSM phi c kh nng lm vic tng tc.

Truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA l im mu cht nht m 3GPP R99 gii quyt. Thm vo , UTRAN cng c a ra vi giao din Iu.So snh vi cc giao din A v Gb trong GSM, 3GPP R99 t c hai im c bn:- Transcoding cho speech trn Iu c core m nhim thay cho BTS trong

GSM;

- M ha s liu di ng mc cell trn giao din Iu c RNC m nhn

thay cho SGSN i vi GPRS.

Vy n gin, mng 3G R99 l h thng mng GSM-based. l mt mng GSM c hai mng truy cp v hai mng truy cp cung cp lu lng c tc khc nhau cho c hai min core CS v PS.b) Cu hnh k thut

3GPP a ra mt phng php truy nhp v tuyn mi WCDMA. Thit b v tuyn WCDMA khng tng thch vi thit b v tuyn GSM nn phi a b sung mt h thng thit b mi l RNC v Node-B. Phn mng v tuyn WCDMA gi l UTRAN.Mt yu cu chnh cho UMTS l hot ng tng tc GSM/UMTS. V d

handover t GERAN sang UTRAN v ngc li. Yu cu ny c thc hin bi:

- Th nht: hng downlink, giao din air GSM c c pht trin c th qung b thng tin sng WCDMA. Cng nh vy downlink ca radio WCDMA cng qung b thng tin v sng GSM;- Th hai: nhm gim thiu u t, cc chun 3GPP yu cu 2G MSC/VLR GSM phi lm vic c vi UTRAN.

Hnh 1.5 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R99

Cc im quan trng ca phn Core trong 3GPP R99, gm:

- Cc node core trong min CS nh MSC/VLR v HLR/AuC/EIR phi thay i v phi s l ng thi c thu bao 2G v 3G.- Vi min PS: tn v s lng cc node mng GPRS ging trong 2G, nhng chc nng SGSN th rt khc. Trong 2G, SGSN m nhim chc nng qun l di ng (MM) cho ni mch gi s liu. Trong 3G chc nng MM c RNC v SGSN san s. Ngha l min PS khng qun l s thay i cell ca thu bao trong UTRAN m l RNC.

1.3.2.2 3GPP R4

a) Nhng yu cu chnh

Cha c IMS, ch n nh nhng thay i trong min CS core UMTS tch lung d liu ngi dng ra khi cc c ch iu khin cng mt s kha cnh khc, ch yu nh sau:- Chc nng iu khin s dng MSC Server. Chc nng chuyn mch d liu ngi s dng dng MGW;- IP transport cho cc giao thc mng core;

- IP ha cho giao din Gb min PS;

b) Cu hnh k thut

- MSC min CS trong GSM truyn thng c 3GPP R4 tch ring chc nng iu khin s dng MSC Server vi chc nng ni mch vn chuyn lu lng s dng MGW.- MSC Server v MGW c quan h mt-nhiu. Mt MSC Server c th iu khin nhiu MGW.- V c bn 3GPP R4 khng cung cp, ci thin thm dch v.

- Cu trc 3GPP R4 bt u a IP vo h thng Core CS. Cu trc softwsitch to bi MSC Server MGW to tin nh hng transport All IP. Gim chi ph truyn dn, phn lp cu trc chc nng; nh hng pht trin dch v c lp vi h tng mng.

Hnh 1.6 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R4

im quan trng nht trong 3G R4 l:

- 3G R4 l ng thi IP ha ton b min CS. Truyn ti cng IP/ATM, chuyn mch cng IP/ATM. Cng ngh SOFTSWITCH c a vo nhm mc ch ny. Cng ngh SOFTSWITCH tch MSC c in thnh:+ MSC-Server l phn t iu khin, ni IP giao thc MEGACO n

+ Media Gateway l phn t chuyn mch dch v ngi dng. Dch v ngi dng l dch v c trn min chuyn mch knh CS truyn thng, nhng li dng chuyn mch IP/ATM.1.3.2.3 3GPP R5

a) Nhng yu cu chnh

- a IMS vo mng UMTS, cung cp c ch v t chc multimedia. IP v cc giao thc trn IP cng s c s dng lm c ch iu khin. D liu ngi dng v c bn cng da trn IP. IP cng c s dng lm giao thc truyn thay th SS7, mt giao thc chnh ang dng trong dch v chuyn mch knh.- 3GPP R5 a IMS vo tiu chun ha. IMS c h tr bi cu trc tiu chun c lp da trn IP v c ni vi cc mng thoi v s liu hin ti cho c ngi s dng mng c nh (nh PSTN, ISDN, Internet) v mobile (nh GSM, CDMA).- Kin trc IMS c kh nng thit lp truyn thng IP peer-to-peer vi tt c cc lient vi yu cu cht lng dch v. Thm vo kh nng qun l phin lm vic, kin trc IMS cng c cc chc nng a ch, m l iu cn thit t chc dch v (nh ng k, bo mt, cc, iu khin truyn thng, roaming). IMS s to nn tri tim ca mng core.3GPP R5 cng chun ha c ch dch v IP multimedia da trn SIP. SIP cha cc chc nng phn t logic, m t phng cch ni cc phn t, a ra cc giao thc v cc th tc.b) Cu hnh k thut

Hnh 1.7 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R5

Nhng im chnh tp trung vo:

- Vn chuyn IP trn ton b h thng mng t BS n network border gateway;- a IMS vo bt u ng dng cc dch v multimedia;

- Hp nht giao din m gia cc mng truy cp v mng core khc nhau;

- t c nng lc cao trn giao din v tuyn UTRAN hng downlink.

3G R5 n gin ha cu trc mng cho php cc giao thc truyn ti s dng hiu qu hn so vi 3G R4, IP ha ton b truyn ti lm n gin ha cu trc truyn ti.V dch v, IMS ng vai tr chnh trong 3G R5 v trong c nhng pht trin dch v tng lai.Trong pha ny, 3GPP khuyn ngh v tuyn UTRAN trin khai cng ngh HSDPA tng tc s liu downlink nhm cung cp hiu qu cc dch v khng i xng (ti s liu downlink ln hn uplink nhiu).c) IMS

Mt mng 3G UMTS hon thin qua 3G R99, R4 cung cp c mt h tng mng truyn ti IP linh hot cho cc terminal s dng GPRS, EDGE, v WCDMA cho cc dch v s liu.

IMS l mt gii php pht trin tch bit nhng IMS lm h tng cho php trin khai cung cp dch v trn nhiu h tng mng khc nhau. Mt trong s l mng 3G UMTS.

Hnh 1.8 M hnh cung cp dch v s dng giao thc SIP trn IMS

IMS cung cp mt c ch ni mch ni cc terminal s dng IP. Hnh I.5, IMS dng giao thc SIP trn min PS iu khin phin cung cp cc dch v multimedia. Qua IP v qua IMS , ngi dng s dng terminal IP thit lp cc ni mch vi cc Server Dch v khc nhau nhn dch v, v c bit, dng cc dch v IP gia cc my u cui.Lc ny pht trin dch v 3G l pht trin cc ng dng Aplication Server trn nn IMS.1.3.2.4 3GPP R6

3GPP R6 b xung nhng im thiu trong IMS 3GPP R5 v a thm vo mt s features mi c nh hnh r rng.Nhng ni dung khc ch l xu hng. Xu hng pht trin cc phin bn

3GPP cao hn R5 bao gm:

- Hon thin IP ha ton mng UMTS;

- Trin khai cng ngh truy cp HSUPA cho WCDMA nhm nng kh nng uplink cho cc dch dng IP

t.

- Nghin cu a truy nhp v cc mng hot ng tng tc nh hng hi

1.4 KT LUN CHNG

Mi thc s pht trin trong vng 20 nm, nhng nhng bc tin trong cng ngh cng nh trong s pht trin th trng ca mng di ng cho thy thng tin di ng l mt nhu cu thit yu v quan trng i vi ngi dng. n nay, in thoi di khng ch dng gi in, nhn tin SMS m cn c th gi v nhn MMS, email; lu cc tp m thanh, hnh nh, d liu cng chc nng nghe nhc, gii tr; lt web, xem TV trc tuynCc nh cung cp dch v v ngi dng u lun mong mun v hng ti cc cng ngh khng dy c th cung cp c nhiu loi hnh dch v hn vi tnh nng v cht lng dch v cao hn. Qua cc giai on pht trin cc th h thng tin di ng t 1G, 2G, 3G v 4G trong tng lai u gn cht vi nhu cu ca ngi dng thng qua cc tc dch v ca cc th h.Hin nay, phn ln cc nh khai thc vin thng ln trn th gii u ln k hoch thc hin 4G cho cc vng th, ni m c nhiu cc t chc, cng ty cng nh s lng khch hng ln - cc i tng m lun mong mun cc dch v cht lng tt v tc truyn d liu cao. Tuy nhin, trc mt cc nh u t s tip tc cung cp cc dch v 3G cng nh 3,5G v n c xem nh l qu trnh thc hin tng bc cho 4G. iu ny khng ch gip h tip tc m rng vng ph sng, gia tng s lng khch hng v gip thu hi vn u t cho 3G. Vi ngi dng, h c th chuyn d dng sang cng ngh 4G, bi n gin vi h ch l s m rng cc ng dng ca mng 3G hay 3,5G m h ang dng.

Chng 2. H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS

2.1. NGUYN L CDMA

2.1.1. Nguyn l tri ph CDMATheo nguyn l dung lng knh truyn ca Shannon c m t trong (1.1), th dung lng knh truyn c th c tng ln bng cch tng bng tn knh truyn.

C B.log (1S )2

N

(1.1)

Trong B l bng thng (Hz), C l dung lng knh (bit/s), S l cng sut tn hiu v N l cng sut tp m.V vy, vi mt t s S/N c th, dung lng tng ln nu bng thng s dng truyn tng. CDMA l cng ngh thc hin tri tn hiu gc thnh tn hiu bng rng trc khi truyn i. T s rng bng tn truyn thc vi rng bngtn ca thng tin cn truyn c gi l li x l (GP ) hoc l h s tri ph.

BtGphoc GpB

i

B(1.2)R

Trong Bt :l rng bng tn truyn thc t

Bi : rng bng tn ca tn hiu mang tin

B : l rng bng tn RF R : l tc thng tinMi quan h gia t s S/N v t s Eb/I0 (trong Eb l nng lng trn mt

bit v I0 l mt ph nng lng tp m) th hin trong cng thc sau :E

S b R N I0BE

b1I0Gp

(1.3)

Do vy, vi mt yu cu Eb/I0 xc nh v li x l cng cao, th t s S/N yu cu cng thp. i vi h thng CDMA u tin l CDMA IS-95, bng thng truyn dn l 1,25MHz v v sau trong h thng WCDMA, bng thng truyn khong 5MHz.2.1.2. K thut tri ph v gii tri ph

Tri ph v gii tri ph l hot ng c bn nht trong cc h thng DS- CDMA. D liu ngi s dng gi s l chui bit c iu ch BPSK c tc l R. Hot ng tri ph chnh l nhn mi bit d liu ngi s dng vi mt chui n bit m, c gi l cc chip. y, ta ly n=8 th h s tri ph l 8, ngha l khi thc hin iu ch tri ph BPSK th kt qu tc d liu s l 8xR v c dng xut hin ngu nhin nh l m tri ph. Vic tng tc d liu ln 8 ln p ng vic m rng (vi h s l 8) ph ca tn hiu d liu ngi s dng c tri ra. Tn hiu bng rng ny s c truyn qua cc knh v tuyn n u cui thu.

Hnh 2-1 Qu trnh tri ph v gii tri ph

Trong qu trnh gii tri ph, cc chui chip/d liu ngi s dng tri ph c nhn tng bit vi cng cc chip m 8 c s dng trong qu trnh tri ph. Nh trn hnh v tn hiu ngi s dng ban u c khi phc hon ton.2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA

Mt mng thng tin di ng l mt h thng nhiu ngi s dng, trong mt s lng ln ngi s dng chia s ngun ti nguyn vt l chung truyn v

nhn thng tin. Dung lng a truy nhp l mt trong cc yu t c bn ca h thng. Trong lch s thng tin di ng tn ti cc cng ngh a truy nhp khc nhau : TDMA, FDMA v CDMA. S khc nhau gia chng c ch ra trong hnh2-2.

Hnh 2-2 Cc cng ngh a truy nhp

Trong h thng CDMA, cc tn hiu cho ngi s dng khc nhau c truyn i trong cng mt bng tn ti cng mt thi im. Mi tn hiu ngi s dng ng vai tr nh l nhiu i vi tn hiu ca ngi s dng khc, do dung lng ca h thng CDMA gn nh l mc nhiu v khng c con s ln nht c nh nn dung lng ca h thng CDMA c gi l dung lng mm.Hnh 2-3 ch ra mt v d lm th no 3 ngi s dng c th truy nhp ng thi trong mt h thng CDMA.

Hnh 2-3 Nguyn l ca a truy nhp tri ph

Ti bn thu, ngi s dng 2 s gii tri ph tn hiu thng tin ca n tr li tn hiu bng hp, ch khng phi tn hiu ca bt c ngi no khc. Bi v s tng quan cho gia m ca ngi s dng mong mun v cc m ca ngi s dng khc l rt nh. li x l v c im bng rng ca qu trnh x l em li nhiu li ch cho cc h thng CDMA, nh hiu sut ph cao v dung lng mm. Tuy nhin, tt c nhng li ch yu cu vic s dng k thut iu khin cng sut mt cch nghim ngt v chuyn giao mm nhm trnh cho tn hiu ca ngi s dng ny che thng tin ca ngi s dng khc.2.2. MT S C TRUNG LP VT L TRONG MNG TRUY NHP WCDMA2.2.1. Phng thc song cng.

Hai phng thc song cng c s dng trong kin trc WCDMA: Song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD) v song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD). Phng php FDD cn hai bng tn cho ng ln v ng xung. Phng thc TDD ch cn mt bng tn. Thng thng ph tn s c bn cho cc nh khai thc theo cc di c th bng 2x10MHz hoc 2x15MHz cho mi b iu khin. Mc d c mt s c im khc nhau nhng c hai phng thc u c tng hiu sut gn ging nhau. Ch TDD khng cho php gia my di ng v trm gc c tr truyn ln, bi v s gy ra ng gia cc khe thi gian thu v pht. V vy m ch TDD ph hp vi cc mi trng c tr truyn thp, cho nn ch TDD vn hnh cc pico cell. Mt u im ca TDD l tc d liu ng ln v ng xung c th rt khc nhau, v vy m ph hp cho cc ng dng c c tnh bt i xng gia ng ln v ng xung, chng hn nh Web browsing. Trong qu trnh hoch nh mng, cc u im v nhc im ca hai phng php ny c th b tr. Lun vn ny ch tp trung nghin cu ch FDD.Hnh di y ch ra s phn b ph tn s ca h thng UMTS Chu u.

1900

1920

1980

2010 202521102170 M Hz

n bang

Songbang

nglenngxuong

Hnh 2-4 Phn b ph tn cho UMTS chu u.

2.2.2. Dung lng mng

Kt qu ca vic s dng cng ngh a truy nhp tri ph CDMA l dung lng ca cc h thng UMTS khng b gii hn cng, c ngha l mt ngi s dng c th b sung m khng gy ra nghn bi s lng phn cng hn ch. H thng GSM c s lng cc lin kt v cc knh c nh ch cho php mt lu lng ln nht c tnh ton v hoch nh trc nh s dng cc m hnh thng k. Trong h thng UMTS bt c ngi s dng mi no s gy ra mt lng nhiu b sung cho nhng ngi s dng ang c mt trong h thng, nh hng n ti ca h thng. Nu c s m th mc tng nhiu do tng ti l c cu gii hn dung lng chnh trong mng. Vic cc cell b co hp li do ti cao v vic tng dung lng ca cc cell m cc cell ln cn n c mc nhiu thp l cc hiu ng th hin c im dung lng xc nh nhiu trong cc mng CDMA. Chnh v th m trong cc mng CDMA c c im dung lng mm. c bit, khi quan tm n chuyn giao mm th cc c cu ny lm cho vic hoch nh mng tr nn phc tp.2.2.3. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD

Giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD c cc knh logic, chng c nh x vo cc knh chuyn vn, cc knh chuyn vn li nh x vo knh vt l. Hnh v sau ch ra s cc knh v s nh x ca chng vo cc knh khc.

Hnh 2-5 S nh x gia cc knh khc nhau.

2.2.4. Cu trc Cell.

Trong sut qu trnh thit k ca h thng UMTS cn phi ch nhiu hn n s phn tp mi trng ca ngi s dng. Cc mi trng nng thn ngoi tri, th ngoi tri, hay th trong nh c h tr bn cnh cc m hnh di ng khc nhau gm ngi s dng tnh, ngi i b n ngi s dng trong mi trng xe c ang chuyn ng vi vn tc rt cao. yu cu mt vng ph sng rng khp v kh nng roaming ton cu, UMTS pht trin cu trc lp cc min phn cp vi kh nng ph sng khc nhau. Lp cao nht bao gm cc v tinh bao ph ton b tri t; Lp thp hn hnh thnh nn mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UTRAN. Mi lp c xy dng t cc cell, cc lp cng thp cc vng a l bao ph bi cc cell cng nh. V vy cc cell nh c xy dng h tr mt ngi s dng cao hn. Cc cell macro ngh cho vng ph mt t rng kt hp vi cc micro cell tng dung lng cho cc vng mt dn s cao. Cc cell pico c dng cho cc vng c coi nh l cc im nng yu cu dung lng cao trong cc vng hp (v d nh sn bay). Nhng iu ny tun theo 2 nguyn l thit k bit trong vic trin khai cc mng t bo: cc cell nh hn c th

c s dng tng dung lng trn mt vng a l, cc cell ln hn c th m rng vng ph sng.

Hnh 2-6 Cu trc cell UMTS.

2.3 CU TRC H THNG V TUYN UMTS

Mt h thng UMTS sau khi c nng cp v m rng t h thng GSM

hin c th cu trc h thng c th c m t tng quan nh sau:

UMTS/GSM Network

UE AN CN ExternalNetwork

MSCMSC

SCF sSCF

SIM SIM

MTBTSUmMT

BSSAbis

BSC

E, GAMSC MSC

F

EIR

D

HLR HLR

SMS- GMSMSCS-

GMSC GMSC

HAUC AUC

ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDNPDN:

USI CuMUSIM

MUuEME

RNSIuBS b

RNC

EIR GrGbGf

GMSC

SMS- IWSMMSSC-IWMSC

-Intranet-Extranet-Internet

USI Cu MUu

RNSIu

Iur Iu

MGW MGW

SGSN SGSNGd, Gp, Gn+

Gn+GGSN GGSN

MUSI EM ME

BS b

UTRAN

RNC

SGSNSGSN

Note:Not all interfaces shown and named

Hnh 2-7 Cu trc tng th h thng UMTS/GSM.

Trong UTRAN bao gm mt hay nhiu phn h mng v tuyn (RNS), mt RNS l mt mng con trong UTRAN v bao gm mt b iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) v mt hay nhiu Node-B.Cc yu cu chnh thit k kin trc, giao thc v chc nng UTRAN:

- Tnh h tr ca UTRAN v cc chc nng lin quan: Yu cu tc ng n thit k ca UTRAN l cc yu cu h tr chuyn giao mm (mt thit b u cui kt ni ti mng thng qua 2 hay nhiu cell ang hot ng) v cc thut ton qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c bit ca WCDMA.- Lm tng s tng ng trong vic iu khin d liu chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh vi mt ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn duy nht v vi vic s dng cng mt giao din cho cc kt ni t UTRAN n min chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh ca mng li.- Lm tng tnh tng ng vi GSM.

- S dng kiu chuyn vn trn c s IP nh l c cu chuyn vn thay th trong UTRAN k t Release 5 tr i.- Cc thit b UTRAN vi chi ph CAPEX v OPEX c tit kim ti a. ng thi cc thit b UTRAN c thit k module ha v v c tnh linh hot hp l cho vic m rng dung lng trong tng lai. H thng UTRAN c kh nng nng cp ln phin bn phn mm cao hn m ch gy ra tc ng rt nh ti hot ng thng thng ca h thng.2.3.1 Node-B

Node-B l mt thut ng s dng trong UMTS biu th BTS (trm thu pht gc) v s dng cng ngh WCDMA trn ng v tuyn. Cng nh trong tt c cc h thng t ong UMTS v GSM, Node B thc hin vic thu pht tn s v tuyn lin lc trc tip vi cc my di ng di chuyn t do xung quanh n.Mt cch truyn thng, cc Node B c nhng chc nng ti thiu v thu pht v tuyn v c iu khin bi RNC (Radio Network Controller). Vic s dng cng ngh WCDMA cho php mt cell thuc mt Node B hoc cc Node B khc nhau cng c qun l bi cc RNC khc nhau chng ln nhau v vn s dng mt tn s ging nhau (trn thc t, ton b mng c th dng ch mt cp tn s).Node B bao gm cc loi cu hnh: Macro Indoor, Macro Outdoor, Mini

Indoor, Mini outdoor, Micro Indoor, Micro Outdoor, Pico,...

2.3.2 RNC (Radio Network Control)

RNC l mt thnh phn trong mng truy nhp v tuyn UTMS. RNC v c bn c nhng chc nng ging BSC trong h thng BSS GSM:- Trung gian gia trm gc (Node B trong UMTS) v h thng mng li;

- iu khin cuc gi v tuyn (qun l ti nguyn v tuyn, iu khin v qun l chuyn giao cuc gi );RNC c kt ni n:

- Mng li, qua giao tip Iu.

- Cc Node B qua giao tip Iub. Mt Node B thc hin giao tip v tuyn vi mt hoc nhiu cell.

- Mt s RNC ln cn qua giao tip Iur.

2.3.3 Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS

- Giao din Cu: y l giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc th thng minh.- Giao din Uu: y l giao din v tuyn WCDMA. Uu l giao din m UE truy cp c vi phn c nh ca h thng v y l phn giao din m quan trng nht trong UMTS.- Giao din Iu: Giao din ny kt ni UTRAN ti mng li. Tng t nh cc giao din tng thch trong GSM nh l giao din A (i vi chuyn mch knh) v Gb (i vi chuyn mch gi). Giao din Iu em li cho cc b iu khin UMTS kh nng xy dng c UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau.- Giao din Iur: Giao din m Iur h tr chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t cc nh sn xut khc nhau v v th b sung cho giao din m Iu.- Giao din Iub: Iub kt ni mt Node B v mt RNC. UMTS l mt h thng in thoi di ng mang tnh thng mi u tin m giao din gia b iu khin v trm gc c chun ho nh l mt giao din m hon thin. Ging nh cc giao din m khc, Iub thc y hn na tnh cnh tranh gia cc nh sn xut trong lnh vc ny.2.4 CC CHC NNG TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN

2.4.1 Gii thiu v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA

Vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM) trong mng UTMS c nhim v ci thin vic s dng ngun ti nguyn v tuyn. Cc mc ch ca cng vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM c th tm tt nh sau :- m bo QoS cho cc dch v khc nhau.

- Duy tr vng ph sng c hoch nh.

- Ti u dung lng h thng.

i vi cc mng 3G, vic phn b ti nguyn v nh c qu ti ca mng khng cn kh thi na do cc nhu cu kh d on trc v cc yu cu khc nhau

ca cc dch v khc nhau. V th, qun l ti nguyn bao gm 2 phn: t cu hnh v t li cu hnh ti nguyn v tuyn, c th:- Vic t cu hnh ti nguyn v tuyn c nhim v phn pht ngun ti nguyn mt cch hp l cho cc yu cu mi n h thng cho mng khng b qu ti v duy tr tnh n nh. Tuy nhin, nghn c th xut hin trong mng 3G v s di chuyn ngu nhin ca ngi s dng.- Vic t li cu hnh c nhim v cp pht li ngun ti nguyn trong phm vi ca mng khi hin tng nghn bt u xut hin. Chc nng ny c nhim v a h thng b qu ti tr v lu lng ti mc tiu mt cch nhanh chng v c th iu khin c.Qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c th chia thnh cc chc nng sau: iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao, iu khin thu nhn, iu khin ti v lp lch cho gi tin.

Hnh 2-8 Cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong mng WCDMA

2.4.2 iu khin cng sut

Cc mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut c th tm tt nh sau :

- Khc phc hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln.

- Ti u dung lng h thng bng vic iu khin nhiu.

- Lm tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng.

Mc tiu ca vic s dng iu khin cng sut l khc nhau trn ng ln v ng xung. Cc mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut c th tm tt nh sau :- Khc phc hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln.

- Ti u dung lng h thng bng vic iu khin nhiu.

- Lm tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng.C 3 kiu iu khin cng sut trong cc h thng WCDMA: iu khin cng sut vng m, iu khin cng sut vng kn v iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi.

- iu khin cng sut vng m (Open-loop power control)

iu khin cng sut vng m c s dng trong h thng UMTS FDD cho vic thit lp nng lng ban u cho MS. MS s tnh suy hao ng truyn gia cc trm gc v MS bng cch o cng tn hiu nhn c bng cch s dng mch iu khin tng ch t ng (AGC). Tu theo s tnh ton suy hao ng truyn ny, MS c th quyt nh cng sut pht ng ln ca n. iu khin cng sut vng m c nh hng ln trong h thng TDD bi v ng ln v ng xung l tng h, nhng khng nh hng nhiu trong cc h thng FDD bi v cc knh ng ln v ng xung hot ng trn cc bng tn khc nhau v hin tng Fading Rayleigh trn ng ln v ng xung c lp nhau. Vy iu khin cng sut vng m ch c th b mt cch tng trng suy hao do khong cch. l l do ti sao iu khin cng sut vng m ch c s dng nh l vic thit lp nng lng ban u trong h thng FDD.- iu khin cng sut vng kn (Fast power Control)

iu khin cng sut vng khp kn, c gi l iu khin cng sut nhanh trong cc h thng WCDMA, c nhim v iu khin cng sut pht ca MS (ng ln) hay l cng sut ca trm gc (ng xung) chng li Fading ca cc knh v tuyn v t c ch tiu t s tn hiu trn nhiu SIR c thit lp bi iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. Chng hn nh trn ng ln, trm gc so snh SIR nhn c t MS vi SIR mc tiu trong mi khe thi gian (0,666ms). Nu SIR nhn c ln hn mc tiu, Node-B s truyn mt lnh TPC 0 n MS

thng qua knh iu khin ring ng xung. Nu SIR nhn c thp hn mc tiu, Node-B s truyn mt lnh TPC 1 n MS. Bi v tn s ca iu khin cng sut vng kn rt nhanh nn c th b c Fading nhanh v c Fading chm.-iu khin cng sut vng ngoi

iu khin cng sut vng ngoi cn thit gi cht lng truyn thng vi cc mc yu cu bng cch thit lp mc tiu cho iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh thc hin. Mc ch ca n l cung cp cht lng yu cu. Tn s ca iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi thng l 10-100Hz.iu khin cng sut vng ngoi so snh cht lng nhn c vi cht lng yu cu. Thng thng, cht lng c nh ngha l t li bit mc tiu xc nh (BER) hay t s li khung (FER). Mi quan h gia SIR mc tiu v mc tiu cht lng tu thuc vo tc di ng v hin tng a ng. Nu cht lng nhn tt hn, c ngha l mc tiu SIR cao m bo QoS yu cu.2.4.3 iu khin chuyn giao.

2.4.3.1 Chuyn giao trong cng tn s.

- Chuyn giao mm:

Chuyn giao mm ch c trong cng ngh CDMA. So vi chuyn giao cng thng thng, chuyn giao mm c mt s u im. Tuy nhin, n cng c mt s cc hn ch v s phc tp v vic tiu th ti nguyn tng ln. Trong phn ny s trnh by nguyn l ca chuyn giao mm.- Nguyn l chuyn giao mm.

Chuyn giao mm khc vi qu trnh chuyn giao cng truyn thng. i vi chuyn giao cng, mt quyt nh xc nh l c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng v my di ng ch giao tip vi mt BS ti mt thi im. i vi chuyn giao mm, mt quyt nh c iu kin c to ra l c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng li tu thuc vo s thay i cng tn hiu knh hoa tiu t hai hay nhiu trm gc c lin quan, mt quyt nh cng cui cng s c to ra giao tip vi duy nht 1 BS. iu ny thng din ra sau khi tn hiu n t mt BS chc chn s mnh hn cc tn hiu n t BS khc. Trong thi k chuyn tip ca

chuyn giao mm, MS giao tip ng thi vi cc BS trong tp hp tch cc (Tp hp tch cc l danh sch cc cell hin ang c kt ni vi MS).

Hnh 2-9 S so snh gia chuyn giao cng v chuyn giao mm.

- li lin kt chuyn giao mm

Mc ch u tin ca chuyn giao mm l em li mt s chuyn giao khng b ngt qung v lm cho h thng hot ng tt. iu ch c th t c nh 3 li ch ca c cu chuyn giao mm nh sau:- li phn tp v m: li ch phn tp nh Fading chm v s st t ngt ca cng tn hiu do cc nguyn nhn chng hn nh s di chuyn ca MS vng quanh mt gc.- li phn tp vi m: li phn tp nh Fading nhanh.

- Vic chia s ti ng xung: Mt MS khi chuyn giao mm thu cng sut t nhiu Node-B, iu cho thy cng sut pht ln nht n MS trong khi chuyn giao mm X-way c nhn vi h s X, ngha l vng ph c m rng.Ba li ch ny ca chuyn giao mm c th ci thin vng ph v dung lng mng WCDMA.

2.4.3.2 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM.Cc chun WCDMA v GSM h tr chuyn giao c hai ng gia WCDMA v GSM. S chuyn giao ny c th s dng cho mc ch ph sng v cn bng ti. Ti pha ban u khi trin khai WCDMA, chuyn giao ti h thng GSM c th s dng gim ti trong cc t bo GSM. M hnh ny c ch ra trong hnh 3-27. Khi lu lng trong mng WCDMA tng, th rt cn chuyn giao cho mc ch ti trn c ng ln v ng xung. Chuyn giao gia cc h thng c khi xng ti RNC/BSC v t gc h thng thu th chuyn giao gia cc h thng tng t nh chuyn giao gia cc RNC hay chuyn giao gia cc BSC. Thut ton v vic khi xng ny khng c chun ho.

GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM

WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA

Chuyen giao WCDMA->GSMemrong phusong

Chuyen giao GSM ->WCDMA

emrong dung lng

Hnh 2-10 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng GSM v WCDMA.

Th tc chuyn giao nh hnh 2-9. Vic o c chuyn giao gia cc h thng khng hot ng thng xuyn nhng s c khi ng khi c nhu cu thc hin chuyn giao gia cc h thng. Vic khi xng chuyn giao l mt thut ton do RNC thc hin v c th da vo cht lng (BLER) hay cng sut pht yu cu. Khi khi xng o c, u tin UE s o cng sut tn hiu ca cc tn s GSM trong danh sch ln cn. Khi kt qu o c c gi ti RNC, n ra lnh cho MS gii m nhn dng trm gc (BSIC) ca cell GSM ng c tt nht. Khi RNC nhn c BSIC, mt lnh chuyn giao c gi ti MS.

(1) RNC ra lenh cho UE bat au o ac chuyen giao gia cac hethong cheonen

(2) UE o cong suat tn hieu bang tan GSMtrong danh sach cell lan can

(3) RNC ra lenh cho UE giai maBSI C cua cell ng cGSM tot nhat

(4) RNC gi lenh chuyen giao en UE

Hnh 2-11 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc h thng.

2.4.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA.

Hu ht cc b vn hnh UMTS u c 2 hoc 3 tn s FDD c hiu lc. Vic vn hnh c th bt u s dng mt tn s, sau cn tng dung lng, mt vi tn s c th s dng c ch ra trong hnh 2-10. Mt vi tn s c s dng trong cng mt site s tng dung lng ca site hoc cc lp micro v macro c s dng cc tn s khc nhau. Chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA cn s dng phng php ny.Trong chuyn giao ny, ch nn cng c s dng trong vic o c chuyn giao ging nh trong chuyn giao gia cc h thng. Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s c ch ra trong hnh 2-11. MS cng s dng th tc ng b WCDMA ging nh chuyn giao trong tn s nhn dng cell c tn s mc tiu. Thi gian nhn dng cell ch yu ph thuc vo s cc cell v s cc thnh phn a ng m MS c th thu c ging nh trong chuyn giao cng tn s.

f1 f1 f1 f1f2 f2

Cac site dung lng cao vi2 tan sof1 vaf2

L p macro vi tan sof1

f1 f1 f1 f1f2 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2

L p micro vi tan sof2

Hnh 2-12 Nhu cu chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA

(1) RNC ra lenh cho UE bat au o ac chuyen giao gia cac tan socheone

(2) UE tm cac nh xung P-SCH

(3)UE nhan dang cell vi S-SCH, CPI CH va bao cao o ac vi RNC

(4) RNC gi lenh chuyen giao en UE

K hi tao o ac lathuat toan chi coRNC

Sodnh xung UE nhan c tbolocket hp cang nhieu th viec nhan dang cell WCDMA dien ra cang lau.

Hnh 2-13 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s.

2.4.4 iu khin thu np

Nu ti giao din v tuyn c cho php tng ln mt cch lin tc th vng ph sng ca cell b gim i di gi tr hoch nh (gi l cell breathing) v QoS ca cc kt ni ang tn ti khng th m bo. Nguyn nhn ca hiu ng cell breathing l v c im gii hn nhiu ca cc h thng CDMA. V th, trc khi thu nhn mt kt ni mi, iu khin thu np cn kim tra xem vic nhn kt ni mi s khng nh hng n vng ph sng hoc QoS ca cc kt ni ang hot ng hay khng. iu khin thu np chp nhn hay t chi yu cu thit lp mt truy nhp v tuyn trong mng truy nhp. Chc nng iu khin thu np c

t trong b iu khin RNC, ni m lu gi thng tin v ti ca cc s cell do n qun l.Thut ton iu khin thu np tnh ton vic ti tng ln do s thit lp thm i tng s gy ra trong mng truy nhp v tuyn. Vic tnh ton ti c p dng cho c ng ln v ng xung. u cui yu cu c th c chp nhn ch khi iu khin thu np trong c 2 chiu chp nhn, nu khng th n b t chi bi v nhiu qu mc c th tng thm trong mng. Nhn chung cc chin lc iu khin thu np c th chia thnh hai loi: chin lc iu khin thu np da vo cng sut bng rng v chin lc iu khin thu np da vo thng lng. Ngi s dng mi s khng c chp nhn nu mc nhiu tng th mi to ra cao hn gi tr mc ngng Ithreshold, c th:+ T chi:Itotal-old + I > Ithreshold

+ Chp nhn :Itotal-old +I < Ithreshold

Gi tr ngng ging vi tng nhiu ng ln ln nht v c th c thit lp bi vic quy hoch mng v tuyn.

Hnh 2-14 ng cong ti

Trong chin lc iu khin thu np da vo thng lng, ngi s dng mi khng c thu nhn truy nhp vo mng nu ton b ti mi gy ra cao hn gi tr ngng:

+ T chi:total-old +L >threshold

+ Chp nhn :total-old +L Pthreshold

+ Chp nhn : Ptotal-old +Ptotal < Pthreshold

Ch rng vic iu khin thu np c p dng mt cch tch bit trn c ng ln v ng xung. V mi hng c th s dng cc chin lc iu khin thu np khc nhau.2.4.5 iu khin ti (iu khin nghn)

y l mt cng c quan trng ca chc nng qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn m bo cho h thng khng b qu ti v duy tr tnh n nh. Nu h thng c quy hoch mt cch hp l v cng vic iu khin thu np hot ng tt, cc tnh hung qu ti gn nh s b loi tr. Tuy nhin, trong mng di ng, s qu ti mt ni no l khng th trnh khi v cc ti nguyn v tuyn c n nh trc trong mng. Khi qu ti c x l bi iu khin ti hay cn gi l iu khin nghn th hot ng iu khin ny s tr li cho h thng ti mc tiu chn c a ra trong qu trnh quy hoch mng mt cch nhanh chng v c kh nng iu khin c. Cc hot ng iu khin ti lm gim hay cn bng ti bao gm:- T chi cc lnh cng sut ti trn ng xung nhn t MS.

- Gim ch tiu Eb/I0 ng ln s dng bi iu khin cng sut nhanh ng ln.- Thay i kch c ca min chuyn giao mm phc v nhiu ngi s dng hn.- Chuyn giao ti sng mang WCDMA khc (mng UMTS khc hay mng

GSM). thc).

- Gim thng lng ca lu lng d liu gi (cc d liu phi thi gian

- Ngt cc cuc gi trn mt ng iu khin.

Hai hot ng u tin l cc hot ng nhanh c thc hin bn trong BS. Cc hot ng ny c th din ra trong mt khe thi gian, ngha l vi mt tn s1,5KHz, cung cp mt quyn u tin cho cc dch v khc nhau. Hot ng th 3 thay i kch c ca min chuyn giao mm c mt li ch c bit i vi mng gii hn ng xung.Cc phng php iu khin ti khc th chm hn. Chuyn giao bn trong bng tn v chuyn giao bn trong h thng c th khc phc c hin tng qu ti bng cch cn bng ti. Hot ng cui cng l ngt cc ngi s dng dch v thi gian thc (nh l thoi hay d liu chuyn mch knh) gim ti. Hot ng ny ch c s dng ch khi ti ca ton b mng vn rt ln thm ch sau khi cc hot ng iu khin ti khc va c tc dng gim qu ti. Giao din v tuyn WCDMA v yu cu tng ca lu lng phi thi gian thc trong mng 3G em li nhiu s la chn cc hot ng kh thi iu khin tnh hung qu ti v v th nhu cu ct nhng ngi s dng dch v thi gian thc gim qu ti rt him xy ra.2.5 KT LUN CHNG

H thng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G da trn cng ngh truy nhp bng rng phn chia theo m WCDMA v n nay h thng ny c chun ha v s dng rng ri trn th gii. Trong kin trc h thng truy nhp v tuyn 3G (UTRAN) gm mt hay nhiu phn h mng v tuyn (RNS), mt RNS l mt mng con trong UTRAN v bao gm mt b iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) v mt hay nhiu Node-B.Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn l bi ton quan trng khi thit k bt k h thng thng tin di ng, c bit l trong h thng t bo s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA. Chng ny trnh by cc chc nng c bn ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thng WCDMA, trong iu khin cng sut v iu khin chuyn giao l cc chc nng c bit quan trng so vi cc h thng thng tin di ng trc .

Chng 3 M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G

3.1 GII THIU V QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN

3.1.1 Nguyn l chung

Qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn c tin hnh trn c s yu cu ca cc thng s c thit lp v l cng vic phc tp nht trong vic quy hoch mng. Cng vic quy hoch mng v tuyn bao gm: nh c mng, quy hoch lu lng & vng ph chi tit v ti u mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng c ch ra trong hnh v 3-1.Trong pha quy hoch ban u (nh c mng) cung cp mt s nh gi ban u nhanh nht v kch c ca mng v dung lng ca cc thnh phn. nh c mng phi thc hin c cc yu cu ca nh khai thc v vng ph, dung lng v cht lng dch v. Trong pha quy hoch chi tit, mt site nh c c x l trn bn s gii hn v mt vt l cc thng s ca mng. Ngoi ra vic ti u c th c thc hin bng cch iu khin nhiu di dng anten ph hp, cu hnh site, s chn la v tr, hay t nghing anten. Hn na, cc ch tiu ca mng c th tin n gn hn cc mc tiu yu cu bng cch s dng b khuch i MHA (mast head amplifier) hay cc cc loi phn tp.Khi mng i vo hot ng, c th quan st hiu sut ca h thng qua vic o c cc thng s v kt qu cc thng s o c s s hin th v ti u ha mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v ti u ha mng c th thc hin mt cch t ng bng cch s dng cc cng c thng minh v cc phn t mng. Thng thng trong giai on trin khai mng ta thy khng th ti u h thng nh lc quy hoch mng. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn buc phi thay i quy hoch: khng th t Node-B ng v tr, ny sinh cc vn v vng ph v cht lng kt ni v ti u Cui cng cn phn hi kt qu thng k v o c c trong qu trnh khai thc mng lien quan n iu chnh quy hoch, m rng vng ph, dung lng v nhu cu dch v trn c s thc t cho nhm k thut chu trch nhim thit k

U VO

- D bo s thu bao ti cc khu vc- D bo s dng trn kiu lu lng- Cc vng cn ph- Kiu vng ph- Cc ch tiu cht lng

CC CNG VIC QUY HOCH

- Quy hoch vng ph v tuyn- Quy hoch dung lng v tuyn- nh c RNC v xc nh cc v tr t- Quy hoch mng truyn dn truy nhp- Quy hoch mng truyn dn ng trc

CC CNG VIC TRIN KHAI

- Trin khai Node-B, RNC- Kt ni Node-B & RNC- Trin khai mng li- Kt ni mng truy nhp - mng li- Kim tra u cui - u cui- Ti u ha- Khai thc v o c hiu nng

Hnh 3-1 Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng WCDMA

3.1.2 Mt s c im cn lu trong quy hoch mng

3.1.2.1 D bo

D bo l bc u tin v quan trng trong qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai thnh cng mt h thng thng tin di ng. Ty theo vic quy hoch mng l mi hay pht trin t nn tng mng hin c m d bo nhu cu dch v c th thc hin khc nhau. D bo bao gm:- D bo nhu cu dch v/thu bao:

Mc tiu chnh ca d bo thu bao l nh gi tng s thu bao trong th trng cn phc v. i vi mng WCDMA c kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v khc nhau cho tng i tng khc nhau nn cn tin hnh theo tng kiu thu bao. D bo c th chia thnh cc bc sau:

+ Xc nh mc tiu d bo: gm cc mc tiu nh nhu cu dn c, nhu cu c quan, vng mc tiu (tnh/thnh ph hay ton quc), khung kh d bo (5nm, 10 nm , 15 nm)+ Xc nh s liu cn thu thp: Mt in thoi, iu tra dn s, iu tra v doanh nghip, mc thu nhp, tc tng trng, quy hoch pht trin tnh/thnh ph.+ Phn tch xu hng ca nhu cu: xu hng pht trin ca nhu cu i vi cc dch v phn tch theo cc quan im: mt in thoi, cc c im ring ca vng v so snh vi cc quc gi khc..+ Phng php d bo: c th thc hin theo mt phng php hoc kt hp cc phng php. Thng thng c 02 phng php l: d bo theo chui thi gian v theo m hnh ha.- D bo lu lng:

D bo lu lng l bc u tin cn thc hin trong qu trnh quy hoch mng. D bo lu lng c th da trn c s xu th ca cc mng di ng khc c khai thc. D bo lu lng bao gm d bo s dng lu lng voice v data.- D phng cho tng lai:

Trong thc t cho thy s pht trin nhanh ca thu bao v cc dch v mi khin cc nh khai thc mng lun phi i mt vi cc kh khn khng nh. Do o vic quy hoch cho tng lai l rt cn thit v rt quan trng trnh vic m rng thng xuyn, bi v d phng cho php cung cp lu lng b sung trong trng hp thu bao tng trng nng hay s t bin v lu lng ti mt thi im.3.1.2.2 Quy hoch vng ph v tuyn

Nhim v chnh ca phn tch vng ph l lm th no xc nh c: ni no cn ph sng, kiu ph sng mi vng. Thng thng ta cn ph sng trc ht cc khu vc quan trng: Cc khu thng mi, khu cng nghip, vng c mt dn c cao. V th cn hiu r mt dn c, phn bit ranh gii cc vng: thnh ph, ngoi , nng thn, khu thng mi, khu cng nghip, nh

i vi h thng thng tin di ng 3G ngoi cc tiu ch trn, ta cn phi xt n: cc loi dch v cn cung cp vng ang xt v vng ph sng hiu dng ca cell s chu nh hng ca tc s liu.Sau khi nm c yu cu vng ph, tip theo ta tin hnh quy hoch vng ph thng qua xem xt cc yu t sau: La chn m hnh truyn sng, tnh qu ng truyn, quy hoch v tr cell. Trong quy hoch v tr cell l bc quan trng trong vic quy hoch h thng WCDMA bi v n s m bo mi trm thu pht xy dng s p ng c cc tiu ch cht lng ra, trnh vic xy dng cc v tr khng m bo.3.1.2.3 Nhiu t nhiu nh khai thc khc

Trong mi trng c nhiu mng UMTS hot ng vi cc tn s gn nhau, tn hiu c th gy nhiu ln nhau lm nh hng n cht lng, vng ph v dung lng mng. Nhiu ny c gi l nhiu knh ln cn v trnh nhiu c th s dng cc bin php sau:- t anten Node-B l tng:

- Gim nhy my thu

- iu chnh khong cch gia cc sng mang.

- Chuyn giao ga cc tn s.

3.2 QUY HOCH NH C MNG

nh c mng v tuyn WCDMA l mt qu trnh quy hoch ban u nh m cu hnh ca mng v quy m cc thit b mng c tnh ton da vo cc yu cu ca nh khai thc.Cc yu cu ca nh khai thc lin quan n cc c im sau:

- Vng ph:

+ Vng ph sng.

+ Thng tin v loi vng ph sng.

+ iu kin truyn sng.

- Dung lng:

+ Ph sn c.

+ D on s tng trng s thu bao.

+ Thng tin mt lu lng.

- Cht lng dch v (QoS):

+ Xc sut v tr cc vng (kh nng ph sng).

+ Xc sut nghn.

+ Thng lng ngi s dng u cui.

Mc tiu ca pha nh c mng l tnh ton mt site v cu hnh site yu cu cho cc vng ph quan tm. Trong bao gm cc bc c th sau:3.2.1 Tnh ton vng ph sng

Trn c s phn tch vng ph sng, tnh ton qu ng truyn theo hng

Uplink hoc downlink, ta tnh bn knh cell vng ph sng theo m hnh sau:

Thng s u vo

Tnh suy hao truyn sng cho php (MAPL)

Bn knh vng ph R yu cu thoe cc m hnh truyn sng

Hnh 3-2 Qu trnh tnh bn knh vng ph sng

3.2.1.1 Phn tch vng ph

Qu trnh phn tch vng ph v tuyn l thc hin kho st cc a im cn ph sng v kiu vng ph cn cung cp cho cc a im ny. Cc loi vng ph thng thng c xt nh: cc vng thng mi-du lch, cc vng dn s c mt dn s cao v cc ng cao tc chnh. Do vy cn phi c cc thng tin v cc vng cn ph sng. Cc thng tin c th da trn bn , cc s liu thng k, d bo nh: mt dn c (thnh ph, ngoi , nng thn), khu thng mi-du lch, khu cng nghipMc ch ca qu trnh kho st ny bao gm:

- m bo cung cp mt dung lng ph hp cho cc vng ny

- Bit c c im truyn sng ca vng xc nh mi trng truyn sng v mi mi trng s c tc ng trc tip n m hnh truyn sng.Cc thng tin v vng ph s c dng chun b bc quy hoch vng ph ban u. Thng thng quy hoch vng ph sng WCDMA thng quan tm n cc loi hnh ph sng sau:Bng 3-1 Cc loi hnh ph sng ph bin

Vng ph sngc im

Dense urban ( th ng c)Thng thng y l khu vc ng dn c vi nhiu nhcao tng, l khu trung tm vi vn phng v cc trung tm mua sm, gii tr, nh ga

Urban ( th)Thng thng y l cc khu vc ng ph v cyxanh xen k mt vi ta nh cao tng, cc ta nh cao tng cch xa nhau

Sub Urban (Ngoi )Khu ngoi vi cc nh vn v cng vin, khu ngh

dng

Rural (nng thn)Khu vc nng thn

Mt yu t na cng nh hng n vng ph sng l xc nh vng ph theo dch v. Nh bit h thng WCDMA l h thng a truy nhp dch v vi cu trc a knh c th s dng c nhiu dch v. Mt s dch v chnh thng dng trong h thng truy nhp WCDMA:Bng 3-2 Cc loi loi dch v chnh ca WCDMA

Kiu knhDch v h tr

CS 12.2KVoice

CS 64KVideo Phone

PS 64KEmail, Web

PS 384KEmail, Web ,Video Streaming, Mobil TV

HSPABest Effort service

ng vi mi loi hnh dch v s c bn knh phc v tng ng ph thuc vo m tri ph, cng sut pht cc i v cht lng dch v yu cu. Ty theo mi khu vc v d bo nhu cu s dng dch v th s c cc bn knh phc v khc

nhau, chng hn nh hnh di y s m t bn knh ti ca cc loi dch v

(ng trng hp dch v s dng lin tc)

Hnh 3-3 Vng ph sng ca cell theo cc loi dch v khc nhau.

T cc yu cu v vng ph theo nhu cu dch v v kiu vng ph, vn tip theo trong vic nh c mng l tnh qu ng truyn v tuyn. Qu ng truyn v tuyn c trng cho tng loi dch v, tc l mi loi dch v yu cu mt qu ng truyn nht nh m bo p ng cc yu cu t ra.3.2.1.2 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn.

Cng ging nh cc h thng thng tin di ng t bo khc, qu ng truyn trong h thng WCDMA dng tnh ton suy hao ng truyn cho php ln nht tnh ton vng ph (tnh bn knh cell) ca mt trm gc v trm di ng. Cc thnh phn tnh suy hao cho php ln nht ca tn hiu t trm pht n trm thu gi l qu ng truyn. Qu ng truyn tng qut cho c ng ln v ng xung bao gm cc thnh phn sau:(a) Cng sut my pht (dBm):

(a1) Cng sut my pht trung bnh trn mt knh lu lng (dBm): l gi tr trung bnh ca cng sut pht tng trn mt chu trnh truyn dn vi cng sut pht cc i lc bt u pht.(a2) Cng sut my pht cc i trn mt knh lu lng (dBm): cng sut tng cng ti u ra ca my pht cho mt knh lu lng n.(a3) Cng sut my pht tng cng cc i (dBm): tng cng sut pht cc i ca tt c cc knh.

(b) Tn hao do ghp, gic cm v do cp(my pht) (dB): suy hao tng cng ca tt c cc thnh phn ca h thng truyn dn gia u ra ca my pht v u vo anten.(c) Tng ch anten pht (dBi): tng ch cc i ca anten pht trong mt phng ngang (xc nh theo dB so vi mt vt pht x ng hng).(d) EIRP ca my pht (dBm):

(d1) EIRP ca my pht trn mt knh lu lng (dBm): tng cng sut u ra my pht cho mt knh (dBm), cc suy hao do h thng truyn dn (-dB) v tng ch anten my pht (dBi) theo hng bc x cc i.(d2). EIRP ca my pht: tng ca cng sut my pht ca tt c cc knh (dBm), cc suy hao do h thng truyn dn (-dB), v tng ch anten pht (dBi).(e). Tng ch anten thu (dBi): tng ch ti a ca anten thu trong mt phng ngang;

n c xc nh theo dB so vi mt vt pht x ng hng.

(f). Tn hao do b chia, u ni v do cp (My thu) (dB): bao gm cc tn hao ca tt c cc thnh phn trong h thng truyn dn gia u ra ca anten thu v u vo ca my thu .(g). H s tp m my thu (dB): h s tp m ca h thng thu ti u vo my thu. (h) (H). Mt to m nhit, N0(dBm/Hz): cng sut tp m trn mt Hz ti u vo my thu. Lu rng (h) l n v logarit cn (H) l theo n v tuyn tnh.(i) (I). Mt nhiu my thu I0 (dBm/Hz): cng sut nhiu trn mt Hz ti u vo my thu. N tng ng vi t s cng sut nhiu trong di trn rng bng tn. Lu (i) l theo n v logarit v (I) theo n v tuyn tnh. Mt nhiu my thu I0 i vi ng xung l cng sut nhiu trn mt Hz ti my thu MS bin gii vng ph sng, trong mt cell pha trong.(j) Mt tp m nhiu hiu dng tng cng (dBm/Hz): tng logarit ca mt tp m my thu v h s tp m my thu cng s hc vi mt nhiu my thu.(k). Tc thng tin (10log10(Rb)) (dBHz): tc bit ca knh theo (dBHz); vic la chn Rb phi ph hp vi cc gi thit Eb.

(l) T s Eb/(N0+I0) yu cu (dB): t s gia nng lng thu c ca mt bt thng tin trn mt cng sut nhiu v tp m hiu dng cn thit tho mn c cc mc tiu v cht lng.(m). nhy my thu (j+k+l) (dBm): mc tn hiu cn t c ti u vo my thu c c t s Eb/(N0+I0) yu cu.(n) li/ Suy hao chuyn giao (dB): li/suy hao () do vic chuyn giao duy tr tin cy c th ti bin gii cell.(o) Tng ch ( li) phn tp (dB): tng ch hiu dng t c nh s dng cc k thut phn tp. Nu tng ch phn tp c gp trong Eb/(N0+I0), th n s khng c a thm y.(o) Cc tng ch khc (dB): cc tng ch ph, v d nh a truy nhp phn tp theo khng gian c th to thm tng ch anten.(p) d tr phadinh chun Log (dB): c xc inh ti bin gii cell i vi cc cell ring l ng vi d tr yu cu cung cp xc sut ph sng xc nh trn cc cell ring l.(q). Suy hao ng truyn ti a (dB): suy hao ti a cho php my thu c th thu c tn hiu t my pht ti bin gii cell:Suy hao ti a = d1m+(e-f)+o+o+n-p

(r). Bn knh ti a, Rmax (km): c tnh ton cho mi hon cnh trin khai, n c xc nh bng bn knh ng vi suy hao ti a.Trong WCDMA, c mt s cc thng s c bit trong qu ng truyn m khng c s dng trong h thng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM, l:- d tr nhiu: d tr nhiu l mt hm s ca tng cng ti trong cell. Ti ca cell v h s ti tc ng nn vng ph, nn cn phi c d tr nhiu. Nu cho php ti trong h thng cng ln, d tr nhiu cn thit cho ng ln cng ln v vng ph cng nh. Gi tr ti tng cng c nh hng trc tip n vng ph cell v v th m nh hng gin tip n cht lng ca cc dchv.

Quan h gia h s ti v d tr nhiu nh sau:

IM10 * log10 (1)

- d tr Fading chm v li chuyn giao mm: Chuyn giao mm hay ng cung cp mt li chng li Fading chm bng cch gim d tr Fading chun log yu cu. Do trn thc t Fading chm mt phn khng tng quan gia cc cell v bng cch thc hin chuyn giao, my di ng c th chn la mt lin kt thng tin tt hn. Hn na, chuyn giao mm em li mt li phn tp b sung chng li Fading nhanh bng cch gim Eb/N0 tu theo lin kt v tuyn n do tc dng ca vic kt hp phn tp macro.Vic d tr Fading chm theo yu cu s nh gi c xc xut vng ph

sng nh sau:Xc xu t b ao ph

HHmmxxccxxut vng ph:ut vng ph:

PPCOVERAGE (x(x) )==PP[F[F(x(x) )>>FF] ]ng ng

COVERAGE

ng ng

SFM yu cuKhng c SFM

C SFM

F

ng ng

Received Signal Level [dBm]

Hnh 3-4 nh hng ca SFM n vng ph sng.

Thng thng trong cc h thng WCDMA, th SFM c gi tr v nh hng n hiu sut vng ph nh sau:Bng 3-3 Gi tr SFM thng dng.

Dense urbanUrbanSuburbanRural

Hiu sut ph sng95%95%90%90%

Shadow fading Margin, dB66,064,13,8

- d tr Fading nhanh (khong h iu khin cng sut): Mt s khong h cn cho cng sut pht ca trm di ng duy tr vic iu khin cng sut hp

l. Thng s ny c p dng mt cch c bit cho MS di chuyn chm m ti iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b Fading nhanh mt cch hiu qu.Ngoi ra tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn, cn quan tm n cc gi nh thng s nh suy hao, li, cng sut phtin hnh nh cc thng s sau:Bng 3-4 Thng s gi nh ca MS.

Thoi & Data tc thpData tc cao

Cng sut pht ln nht21-22 dBm24 dBm

Tng ch anten0 dBi2 dBi

Suy hao c th3 dB0 dB

Bng 3-5 Thng s gi nh ca Node-B.

Hnh dng nhiu2,1 dB ti tn s 2,1GHz

Tng ch anten18 dBi

E0/N0 yu cuCS 12,2: 4,3 dB (GoS: 0,01%) CS 64: 2,8 dB (GoS: 0,01%) PS 64: 1,4 dB (BLER: 1%)PS 128 : 1 dB (BLER: 1%) PS 384 : 1,5 dB (BLER: 1%)

Suy hao cp0,5 dB khi s dng TMA3 dB khi khng s dng TMA

Ngoi ra yu t anten nh hng n qu cng sut ng truyn chnh l cao anten. Thng thng khi thc hin lp t h thng WCDMA t h thng 2G hin c th anten thng c lp t chung vi ct anten ca h thng 2G, vi c s h tng hin c ca cc mng di ng ti Vit Nam th cao anten ca h thng mi theo loi vng ph s c gi tr nh sau:Bng 3-6 Thng s cao anten theo vng ph sng.

Loi vng ph cao Anten

Dense Urban25~30 m

Urban30~35 m

Suburban35~40 m

3.2.1.3 Tnh ton bn knh cell.

Sau khi tnh c suy hao ng truyn ln nht v c c d tr fading chm cn thit th bn knh cell R c th c tnh cho m hnh truyn sng bit, chng hn nh m hnh Okumura-Hata, Walfish-Ikegami.

Khi bn knh ph sng ca cell c xc nh th c th tnh c din tch ph sng ca cell (ph thuc vo cu hnh Sector ca Node-B) theo cng thc :

S = K . R2

Vi K l h s ng vi s Sector trong cell c gi tr nh sau:

Bng 3-7 Gi tr K theo cu hnh site.

Cu hnh siteV hng2 Sector3 Sector6 Sector

K2,61,31,952,6

T cc thng s v c im nu trn, ta c mt m hnh tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn tng ng vi cc loi dch v khc nhau v t a ra c bn knh cell ph hp. Di y m t mt v d tham kho v cch tnh R (cell) da trn cc yu cu v ph sng cho cc loi dch v tng ng vi tng loi vng ph khc nhau ca khu vc thnh ph, c th:Bng 3-8 Bng tnh R-Cell tham kho.

ScenariosDenseUrbanUrbanSuburbanLink Budget Formula

Continuous coverage serviceCS64CS64CS12,2a

Tx

Max. NodeB transmit power(dBm)434343

Max. TCH transmit power (dBm)222222b

Cable loss Tx (dB)000c

Body loss Tx (dB)000d

Antenna gain Tx (dBi)000e

EIRP (dBm)222121f = b c - d + e

Rx

Antenna gain Rx (dBi)181818g

Cable loss Rx (dB)0,50,50,5h

Body loss Rx (dB)000i

Noise figure (dB)2,12,12,1j=h+1.6

Required Eb/No (dB)2,82,84,3k

Receiver sensitivity (dBm)-121,04-121,04-126,74l = -174+j+k+10*log10(a*1000)

Target load50%50%50%M

Interference margin (dB)3,013,013,01n= -10*log10(1-m)

Fast fading margin (dB)1,81,81,8o

Penetration loss (dB)191510q

ScenariosDenseUrbanUrbanSuburbanLink Budget Formula

Area coverage probability0,950,950,9

Slow fading margin (dB)66,064,1r

Path loss (dB)130,73135,17146,83S = f+gIlnoq-r

Cell radius

NodeB antenna height (m)303535

Propagation model usedCost 231- HataCost 231- HataCost 231- Hata

Cell radius (km)0,530,933,42

3.2.2 Phn tch dung lng

3.2.2.1 Gii thiu m hnh tnh ton dung lng Erlang-B

Da vo qu ng truyn v s dng m hnh truyn sng ph hp s tnh c vng ph ban u. Tuy nhin y ch l mt phn quy hoch ban u. Bc tip theo l vic quy hoch l tnh ton dung lng ca h thng ti a t xem xt c hiu qu h tr ti hay dung lng d kin ban u khng. Thc t khng th t c ti cell bng 100% l tng m ti cell ch t c khong 60%-70%. Nu thc cha t yu cu th cn phi quay li bc ban u nh c b sung thm s trm hoc thc hin nng cp/m rng thm dung lng ti cc trm sao cho m bo c chi ph u t m vn tha mn c cc yu cu k thut t ra.Mt m hnh tnh ton dung lng thit b cn thit nhm tha mn c nhu cu dch v ca thu bao vi gi thnh trin khai lp t cng nh chnh l k thut lu lng. K thut lu lng vin thng nghin cu vic ti u cu trc mng v iu chnh s lng thit b c xc nh trn c s lu lng. Trong phm vi ti, ta s i vo tm hiu ng dng m hnh lu lng Erlang-B. M hnh Erlang-B c m t bi cc yu t sau:- Cu trc: c n knh ng nht hot ng song song v c gi l mt nhm ng nht.- Chin lc: Mt cuc gi n h thng c chp nhn nu c t nht mt knh ri. Nu h thng bn th cuc gi s b t chi m khng gy mt nh hng no sau .

- Lu lng: Lu lng pht sinh c nh ngha l t s gia cuc gi trung bnh trn cng phc v trung bnh. Khi lu lng ca mt thu bao Ac tnh theo cng thc sau:

Trong :

A: lu lng thu bao A

AnT3.600

(4.3)

n: s cuc gi trung bnh trong mt gi

T: thi gian trung bnh ca mt cuc gi tnh bng giy (s)

Gi s tnh lu lng ca thu bao A c trung bnh 1 cuc gi 15 pht trong mt gi, khi lu lng ca thu bao A s l:+ n = 1

+ T = 15 x 60s = 900 (s)

=> AnT

1 900

0, 25erl

3.6003.600

- Mt s nh ngha cho m hnh Erlang:

+ H thng tiu hao: y l h thng m cc thu bao s b t chi thc hin cuc gi khi h thng y ti+ H thng theo kiu i: y l h thng m cc thu bao s c ch thc hin cuc gi khi h thng y ti.+ n v lu lng: Erlang l n v o mt lu lng. Mt Erl m t tng lu lng trong mt gi.+ Cp phc v (GoS): l i lng th hin s % cuc gi khng thnh cng i vi h thng tiu hao. Cn trong h thng i th GoS l s % cuc gi thc hin ch gi li.3.2.2.2 Cc phng php chuyn i lu lng h thng UMTS theo m hnh

Erlang

Trong khun kh ca lun vn, ch xin trnh by cch chuyn i lu lng t cc loi hnh dch v khc nhau ra n v Erlang, c th nh sau:

- Lu lng dch v thoi: Gi s theo thng k trung bnh mt thng thu bao gi thoi l 240 pht. Khi tnh lu lng bnh qun lu lng thoi trn mi thu bao s thc hin nh sau:+ S ngy thc hin cuc gi thng xuyn trong thng l: 22 ngy

240 min

+ S pht bnh qun trong ngy s l:

22 day

= 10, 91

+ Bnh qun trong ngy c 8h bn nn s pht bnh qun ca mt thu

bao trong 1h bn l:

10, 91

8

= 1, 364

+Lulngbnhquncamtthubaosl:

1, 364 min = 0, 0227 Erlang = 22, 7 mErl60 s

- Lu lng dch v data: Gi s theo thng k trung bnh mt thng thu bao thc hin dch v data vi dung lng gm: 20MB Uplink vi tc 64 kbps v 50MB Downlink vi cc tc 64 kbps, 128 kbps & 384 kbps.+ i vi Uplink: data bnh qun trong gi bn ca mt thu bao s l:

20 MB

22 day x 8h x 3600 s

= 0, 032 kbyte / s = 0, 2586 kbit / s

+ i vi Downlink: data bnh qun trong gi bn ca mt thu bao s

l:

50 MB22 day x 8h x 3600 s

= 0, 081 kbyte / s = 0, 6465 kbit / s

Khi s thc hin chia theo tng dch v nh sau:

Dch v (kbit/s)MB trn thu bao trong mt thngKbit/s trn thu bao trong gi bn

64k20 MB0.2586 kbit/s

128k20 MB0.2586 kbit/s

384k10 MB0.1293 kbit