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Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
1 Introduction2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
5 Summary
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
1 Introduction
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
why it´s necessary to know more about partial discharges (pd)?
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
For avoiding outages of electri-cal power supply the measure-ment of pd´s seems to be neces-sary
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
pd´s can be an indicator for „weak points“ into the electrical insulation !
pd might be caused by
poor design of the insulation
failures during manufacturing or assembling
failures by electrical, thermal, mechanical, …
overstress in operation
normal ageing or degradation processes
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
the pd- measurement as an important tool for quality control is used not only in the electrical power engineering, but more and more in other application fields of electrical insulation
low voltage power devices
(motors, transformers, .. )
electronic devices
…
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in MV- GIS
- particle on the insulators
-missing bolts or bad contacts
on conductor- connections
- free potential components
- microvoids into insulators
- . . .
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
protrusions on conductive sheets
microvoids
cracks(conductive, insulated)
typical quality defects in power cables
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in power cables
water tree (wt)
wt + electrical tree
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in power cables
oil- paper cable connectors
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
basic questions for pd measurement
how pd´s can be measured ? principles sensitivity
kind of failure („weak points“) ? identification dangerousness where pd´s (weak points) are located ? localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
1 Introduction2 Historical overview
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Historical overview
[G.C.Lichtenberg, 1777)]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Historical overview
detection of failures on overhead lines and power transformers
(B.Koske 1939)
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
measurement principles
1:Tp / T2 = 1 µs / 5 µs2:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 50 ns3:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 20 ns
dtetitiFjF tj )()}({)(
)()( 0FjFq
apparent charge q
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
first devices
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
narrowband measuring devices
less disturbances
easy handling
no special experiences
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
broadband measuring devices
more suszeptibly to noise, disturbances
special knowledge is requested
more information about the pd- processes
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
first devices
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
measurement principles
[IEC 60270]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
real pd spectra
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Standardized measuring circuit
[IEC 270, 60270]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
How dangerous are pd´s ?
%
80
60
40
20
kV/mm
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101
50 Hz / 20 °C
50 Hz / 20 °C
moisture of paper wV
erl
us
tfa
kto
r ta
n
Qkrit = ? more informations about the pd- processes
were necessary !
Is there any correlation between the measured charge and the lifetime ?
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
[Izeki, Tatsuta, 1984]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
typical PRPP
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
1 Introduction2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
recognition
diagnosis
1
2
n
data acquisition
analysis,
model
database
action
cbm, service,
risk assess-ment
sensors
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
statistical parameters of pd´s
[see also Gulski, 1991]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques
statistical data of typical pd- sources stored in a database
diagnostic (expert) system
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
measured pd - pattern
typical pd- reference -data -base
of available pd- systems
?
product- specifical- pd- data
must be obtained !
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
high measuring sensitivity
high susceptibility to noise, disturbances, …
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Sources of electromagnetic disturbances
1 net connection
2, 11 power supply
3 hv- transformer
4 low pass filter
5 hv leads
6 coupling cap.
7 free potential obj.
8 stochastic disturb.
9 periodic disturb.
10 ground
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
suppression of disturbances
[Lemke, 1981]
radio/HF- suppression impuls- suppression
reflection- suppression
amplifyer processingelectronic integrator
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
suppression of disturbances
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
suppression of disturbances
screening of the testroom
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
suppression of disturbances
noise signals, caused by SFC- generator, located in the same testroom
new methods for suppression of disturbances are requested
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
localization of the pd- producing „weak points“ ?
classical method (reflectrometry)
non electrical (classical) methods
(acoustical, optical, …)
ultra- high- frequency method (UHF)
(electromagnetic field , combined with
acoustic measurement)
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
(classical) principle of reflectrometry
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
1
2 3
A B C D
Richtkoppler Richtkoppler
Signal an Kopplerausgang Impulsherkunft / -Nr. A B C D Muffe / 1 – X X – Kabel links / 2 X – X – Kabel rechts / 3 – X – X
methods of failure localizationin cable- joints -1
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
methods of failure localizationin cable- joints -2
1‘1‘
1
1‘‘
2‘
2‘
2
3‘
3‘
3
+ –
1 2 3
1‘ 2‘ 3‘
1‘‘ 2‘‘ 3‘‘
2‘‘ =0 3‘‘ =0
RogowskispuleRogowskispule
Muffe
Signal- summierer
DisplayOriginalimpulse
Impulse nach Durchlaufen der Rogowskispulen
Impulse nach Durchlaufen des Signal-Summierers
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
methods of failure localization(classical acoustic method)
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
1 Introduction2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
future trends
measuring sensitivity vs noise, disturbances
(digital procedures, neuronal networks)
interpretation of pd- parameter
(identifying, correlation to the lifetime)
localization of defects on site testing
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
spectral analyzing of pd
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
spectral analyzing of pd
zero span
pd source
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital de- noising
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital de- noising
[Kranz, 1996]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
multichannel pd measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
multichannel pd measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
dangerousness of pd
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
dangerousness of pd
for better understanding the physical processes of damaging or deterioration of insulation more/ other informations about the pd- processes seem to be necessary
- Δupd
- Δwpd
- …
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new parameters of pd- processes
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new parameters of pd- processes
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new methods of failure localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new methods of failure localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new methods of failure localization(combined UHF - acoustic method)
[Markalous, 2006]
acoustic measurement will be triggered by UHF- signal
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
1 Introduction2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
5 Summary
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
summary
pd measurements are up to now an essen-
tial tool for quality testing of electrical insulation
and diagnostic purposes
progress in digital techniques makes it possible
getting more informations about pd`s at
increased sensitivity
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
summary
basic investigations of insulation materials for
finding a correlation between pd- parameters
and lifetime
increasing measuring sensitivity for diagnostic
measurements even under on- site conditions
(new methods of filtering, neuronal networks, ..)
using combined techniques for improved
localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Thank you
Questions ?
& Answers !