Pneumocystis carinii
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Transcript of Pneumocystis carinii
Pneumocystis cariniiPresented by: Samantha Todd & Sandra Thorbus
Pneumocystis carinii vs. jirovecii
Both Pneumocystis carinii and Pneumocystis jirovecii (yee row vet zee) currently refer to the same organism. P. jirovecii is the organism isolated from humans, while P. carinii is found in rats.Not a protozoan, but a fungus.
HostsDefinitive Host: Humans, other mammals. Intermediate Host: None
PrevalenceAIDS/HIV patientsImmunosuppressed individualsOrgan transplant recipientsChemotherapy patientsPremature, malnourished infants
Most healthy children have been exposed by age 5
GeographyWorldwide
Three Morphological Forms
All three forms are found in the lungs1. Precyst
Oval shapedFew filopodiaCell wall thickeningIncrease in number of nuclei from one to four
Three Morphological Forms1. Cyst
-Mature cysts are spherical, have a thick chitinous membrane and eight intracystic bodies (young trophozoites)
Three Morphological Forms3. Trophozoite
Filopodia form pockets in interstitial cellsMost abundant during infection (9:1)
Life Cycle
Life CycleInhalation of infective respiratory dropletsMakes its way inside the respiratory tract, settles into alveolar spaces and replicates:
Asexual Reproduction1. Trophozoite reproduction
Sexual Reproduction1. Conjugation2. Formation of Precyst3. Formation of early cyst4. Maturation and ExcystmentLife cycle repeats
TransmissionFound in environment, lungs & upper respiratory tract of humans and animalsSpread by inhalation of infected respiratory droplets
Symptoms Causes Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)FeverCoughShortness of breathCyanosisNon-productive coughChest painMalaise
Symptoms develop more slowly in those with AIDS and tend to be less severe
DiagnosisSputum examinationLung biopsyBronchial lavageBlood gas testChest X-rayMortality rate is 100% in untreated patients.
Cysts of Pneumocystis carinii in smear from bronchoalveolar lavage.
TreatmentTrimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX, Bactrim)Intravenous or oral administrationAlternative Treatments include:
PentamidineAtovaquoneCombination of Trimethoprin and Dapsone
PreventionPrimary PCP prophylaxis (preventative antibiotic treatment before the onset of disease)Reduces occurrence of PCP by 90%
Reviewhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuZb539SaaY
Bibliographyhttp://www.pathologyimagesinc.com/emhandbook/opport-infections-section/inf-agents-pages/pneumocystis-carnii.htmlhttp://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Pneumocystis_cariniihttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/17278.jpghttp://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/pneumocystis-carinii-pneumonia/overview.htmlhttp://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/opportunistic.htmhttp://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/558/main.html#PreventionofPneumocystisCariniiPneumonia(PCP)http://dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/Pneumocystis.htmhttp://summaries.cochrane.org/CD005590/antibiotic-treatment-for-the-prevention-of-pneumocystis-pneumonia-pcp-in-non-hiv-immunocompromised-patients