Pest& Diseases in Vegetables

7/29/2019 Pest& Diseases in Vegetables

1/18

Plant Protection

Same as in Cabbage and Cauliflower.PESTS

DIMOND BACK MOTH(plutella xylostella)

Caterpillars feed on under surface of leaves and bite holes on leaves and causeserious damage. Affected leaves present a withered appearance. In severe cases theleaves are skeletoised.

Control

Spray malathion 0.1% (2ml/lit of water ) or 50WP carbarlyl 0.15% (3 g/lit of water ) or40EC monocrotophos 0.04%(1.0 ml/lit of water) or 35 EC endosulfan 0.05%(1.5 ml/litof water) or 50 EC fenetrothion 0.05% (1.0 ml/lit of water).

CABBAGE BORER (Hellula undailis)

Control The larva webs the leaves or bore into stem, stalk or leaf veins and cause damage by

making the produce unfit for consumption. They also bore into the cabbage head.

Spray Malathion 0.1% (2 ml/lit of water) or Carbaryl 0.16% ( 3 g/lit or water) orEndosulfan 0.05% (1.5 ml/lit of water).

cabbage


2/18

MUSTARD SAWFLY(Athalia lugens proxima)

Grubs alone are destructive . They bite holes into leaves and prefer younggrowth, leaves are skeletonised completely Heavy defoliation takes place insevere cases.

Control Spray Dimethoate 0.06% (2 ml/lit of water) or Endosulfan 0.07% 2ml/lit of

water.

PAINTED BUG (Bagrada cruciferarum)

Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves, shoots, resulting intowilting and affect the vigor of the plant.

Control

Spray Malathion 0.1% (2 ml/lit of water) or 30 EC Dimethoate 0.06%( 2ml/litof water) or 35 EC Phosalone 0.05%(1.5 ml/lit of water).

LEAF WEBBER(Crocidolomia binotalis)

Leaves are skeletonized by the larvae which remain on the under surface of

leaves in webs and feed on them. They also attach flower buds and pods.

Control

Spray Monocrotophos 0.04%(1.0 ml/lit of water) or Malathion 0.1% (2 ml/litof water)


3/18

CABBAGE GREEN SEMILOOPER(Trichopulsia ni)

Larva bite holes and cause severe damage by skeletonising theleaves.Control

Spray application of Endosulfan 0.07%(2 ml/lit) or Quinalphos0.05%(2ml/lit)

APHIDS(Brevicclvne brassicae; Lipaphis erysimi)

They suck the sap from the under surface of leaves and causedamage.Control

Spray malathion 0.1% @ 2ml/lit of water, or dimethoate 0.06%2ml/lit of water.TOBACCO CATERPILLER(Spodoptera litura)

Caterpillars are active during night time and feed on leaves andfresh growth. Young caterpillars skeletonise the tender leaves. Laterbroad leaves are completely eaten.

Control a) Before head formation spray 100 EC phosphamidon 0.05%(1.5

ml/lit of water) or endosulfan 0.05%(1.5 ml/lit of water) or carbaryl0.15%( 3 g/lit or water)

b) After head formation spray malathion 0.05% or carbaryl 0.15%(2ml/lit of water)


4/18

Diseases

BACTERIAL BLOCKROT(Xanthomonas camperstris)

Blighting of leaves from margin to midrib in 'V' shape and blackening

of vascular bundles are the main symptoms of this disease.control

Seed treatment with hot water 50-52degrees centigrade for 20minutes or soaking in streptocycline(100ppm) for 2 hours effectivelycontrol the disease under field conditions, rouge out infected plantsand drenching the soil with Formalin(1 part in 250 parts of water) is

also effective.

WHITE RUST(Albugo candida)

Located white rust like pustules are seen on leaves and stems.When fully developed these pustules have a powdery consistencyand hypertrophy or stems and flowering parts takes place.

Control

Spray Dithane M-45 0.2% at 10-14 days intervals or 2 to 3 sprays of0.4% Blitox or any other copper oxychloride preparation at 10 daysinterval after disease appearance.


5/18

CULB ROT(Plasmodiphora brassical)

Roots enlarge to form "Clubs"(Spindle shaped). This isfollowed by secondary invasion of soft rot bacteriaforming materials toxic to plant and finally wilting takesplace.

Control

Avoid infected fields. Treat the seedlings with Mercuricchloride solution (1: 1500) at the rate of 125ml per 100

seedlings at the time of transplanting.

DAMPING OFF( Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp.)

Stem of seedlings softened at the ground level, due toinfection, the infected plants collapse and finally die.

Control

Treating seeds with thiram 2-3 g/kg sees. Drenchseedlings in nursery beds with caption (1:1500) in water.


6/18

garlicCROP PROTECTION

Garlic bulb canker, a new disease identified by NHRDF from stored

garlic in India , is under study for its control measures. New diseases of garlic in Maharashtra , viz. powdery mildew and

Cercospera leaf blight identified and their control measures havebeen recommended.

Mancozeb @ 0.25% or Chlorothalonil @ 0.2% along withMalathion @ 0.1 % or Prophenophos 50% EC @ 0.2% + sticker @

0.06% have been recommended to control diseases and insectpests attack.

The 15 September planting of G 41 and 15 October of G 1, G 50and G 282 under Nashik conditions in Maharashtra are suitable

with low diseases and thrips infestation. However, 15 Septemberplanting is suitable for G1, G 50 and G 282 under Karnal

conditions in Haryana and 15 October for G 41 with less diseased

and thrips attack. Spraying of Decis @ 0.04 % and Malathion @ 0.13 %, (twice)alternatively are better control measures for thrips, giving highest

net return in garlic G-282 under Karnal conditions in Haryana. Three sprays of Cypermethrin @ 0.05 % are most effective incontrolling thrips population, giving highest net return in garlic G

282 under Karnal conditions in Haryana


7/18

DISEASES OF ONION

Stemphylium leaf blight

Casual organism: Stemphylium vesicarium

lesions appear to contain a darker, more olive

brown to black color than do purple blotch

lesions.

Four to five sprays of mancozeb 0. 3% +Metasystox 0 .05 % recommended.


8/18

Purple BlotchCasual organism : Alterneria porri

one of the most common diseases of onion and isdistributed worldwide

small, elliptical, tan lesions that often turn purplish-brown

Concentric rings can be seen in lesions as they enlarge.

A yellow halo surrounds lesions and extends above and

below the actual lesion itself for some distance.

Good soil drainageSpray schedules including mancozeb,

chlorothalonil,

and iprodione will suppress purple blotch.

In addition, boscolid and pyraclostrobin are

effective against this disease. Intensify these

schedules later in the season during periodsof prolonged leaf wetness and high relative

humidity.


9/18

Pink root :

Casual organism: Phoma terrestrisdamaging root disease

Infected roots eventually turn brown and

deteriorate

Fumigation with metam sodium,chloropicrin and 1,3-D dichloropropene

(Telone) is shown to increase yields when

onions have been planted to fields heavily

infested with pink root.

Use of resistant varieties


10/18

Basal rot

Casual organism: Fusarium oxysporum

f. sp.cepaeIn the field as yellowing leaf tips that later

become necrotic.

This yellowing and/or necrosis may

progress towards the base of infected

plants.

Sometimes leaves of infected plants

exhibit curling or curving.

Infected bulbs, when cut vertically, will

show a brown discoloration in the basalplate.

In advanced infections, pitting and decay

of the basal plate.


11/18

Anthracnose (Colletotrichumgloeosporioides) favors hot (24 to 29C) and wet

conditions.

The disease overwinters in sets and soil, and spores are spread by wind,splashing water, and tools.

The leaves become twisted due to infection.

Downy mildew (Peronosporadestructor) also attacks young plants, appearing as

white specks, usually confined to the oldest leaves of young plants.

A white mold develops rapidly in cool damp weather and progresses down the

sheath, and plants eventually fall over and dry up.

The fungus overwinters in bulbs and sets and on plant debris.

Spores are carried long distances by air currents.

For control, young plants can be treated with mancozeb at weekly intervals

until bulbing begins.


12/18

Botrytis leaf blight, commonly termed blast, is caused by several

Botrytis species.

The disease first appears as white specks on leaves, expanding to cause a

dieback fromthe leaf tips.

Tops may be killed completely within a week, and entire fields may be affected.

Frequently, blight follows previous damage from insects, disease, mechanical

damage, or air pollution.

Control is achieved through mancozeb sprays at approximately 7-day intervals.

Several bulb rots may occur either in the field or in storage.

Botrytis neck rot (shown) is an extension of the leaf blight disease and

can become

serious in storage.


13/18

Onion thrips : Thrips tabaci

Infested plant develop spotted

appearance on the leaves which turn pale

white blotches due to drainage of sap.

Spray Monocrotophos, Phosphamidon,

Dimethoate and Methy demeton (0.05%)

Neem formulation @ 2-3 ml/lt.


14/18

Potato Plant protection

PESTS

TUBER MOTH(phthorimoea operculella)

The larval stage of the month damages bud and later on

the tubers.

Control

Spray 50% EC Sumethion orEndosulfan 35% EC at 2

ml per liter of water at an interval of 10 days.

CUT WORM (Agrotis ipsilon)

Cur worms damage the base of the plants particularlyduring night time. During day time, they hide under the

leaves and clods.

Control

Spray Endosulfan 35% E.C 0.07% at 2 ml/lit of water


15/18

EPILACHINA BEETLES

The grubs of this beetle scrape the green matter on the leaves and

damage the corp.

Control

Spray 50% Carbary W>P. At 2 g/lit of water or Malathion 50% EC at the

rate of 2 ml/lit of water at an interval of 10days.

APHIDS, JASSIDS, AND WHITE FLIES

Nymphs and adults of their insects suck sap from the leaves and

growisng shoots resulting in puckering and yellowing of leaves.

Control

Spray Monocrotophos 1.5 ml/lit of water or Metasyslox 25% E.C. 2 ml/lit

Of water at 10 days interval


16/18

EPILACHINA BEETLES

The grubs of this beetle scrape the green matter on the leaves and

damage the corp.

Control

Spray 50% Carbary W>P. At 2 g/lit of water or Malathion 50% EC at

the rate of 2 ml/lit of water at an interval of 10days.

APHIDS, JASSIDS, AND WHITE FLIES

Nymphs and adults of their insects suck sap from the leaves and

growisng shoots resulting in puckering and yellowing of leaves.

Control

Spray Monocrotophos 1.5 ml/lit of water or Metasyslox 25% E.C. 2

ml/lit Of water at 10 days interval


17/18

Late blight of potato


18/18

Potatoes infected with late blight are shrunken

on the outside, corky and rotted inside.

Phytophthora infestans
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potatohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato

Pest& Diseases in Vegetables

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