saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universiteti

T. sturua

operaciuli sistema

Windows XP (damxmare saxelmZRvanelo)

damtkicebulia saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo

universitetis akademiuri sabWos mier

Tbilisi 2007

2

uak 681.3.06

Teimuraz sturua – saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetisa da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universitetis asocirebuli profesori

ganxilulia Tanamedrove personaluri kompiuterebis

klasifikacia, maTi mowyobilobebis mokle daxasiaTeba da ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi. Camoyalibebulia operaciuli sistema Windows XP-is SesaZleblobani, ganxilulia samuSao magidis, amocanaTa panelisa da sastarto menius struqtura da maTi mowyobis ZiriTadi principebi, operaciebi saqaRaldeebsa da failebze, gansakuTrebiT gamoyofilia Windows XP-is calkeuli maxasiaTeblebisa da parametrebis momarTvis sakiTxebi.

saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia sxvadasxva specialobis studentebis, magistrantebisa da kompiuterze muSaobis sakiTxebis SeswavliT dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis.

recenzentebi: sruli profesori z. baiaSvili asocirebuli profesori l. qelexsaSvili

© Tbilisi 2007

ISBN 978-99940-69-49-1

1. ZiriTadi cnobebi kompiuteris Sesaxeb

`kompiuteri~ inglisuri sityvaa da niSnavs `gamomTvlels~ – e.i.

gamomTvlel mowyobilobas. kompiuteris daniSnulebaa sxvadasxva saxis

informaciis Segroveba, kompiuterisaTvis miwodeba, Senaxva, swrafi damuSaveba

da momxmareblisaTvis saTanado saxiT miwodeba.

1.1. kompiuteris ganviTarebis istoria da

kompiuteris Taobebi

informaciis Segrovebis, damuSavebisa da gavrcelebis (mimocvlis) amocana

kacobriobis winaSe misi ganviTarebis yvela etapze idga. didi xnis manZilze

am amocanis gadasawyvetad ZiriTad instruments adamianis tvini, ena da smena

warmoadgenda. informaciis damuSavebaSi pirveli kardinaluri cvlilebebi

maSin moxda, rodesac gamoigones damwerloba, Semdeg – wignis beWdva da

bolos – kompiuteri.

magram, jer kidev damwerlobis SemoRebamde xalxma SeimuSava informaciis

registraciisa da aTvlis sistemis sxvadasxva xerxi.

Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi Canawerebi ganekuTvneba Zv. welTaRricxvis

3700-3000 ww. isini warmoadgenen Sumerebis (babilonelebis winamorbedebi) mier

Tixis filebze Seqmnili naxatebis saxis warwerebs. radganac Casawerad

iyenebdnen solisebr naWdevebs, am meTodma miiRo lursmuli (solisebri)

damwerlobis saxelwodeba (1 – V, 10 – <).

Cvens welTaRricxvamde 3000 wlis win Zvelma egviptelebma gamoigones

papirusi, romelzec isini werdnen lerwmis wamaxuli kalmiT. egviptelebi

damwerlobiTi aTvlis sistemisaTvis iyenebdnen sxvadasxva simboloebs.

ricxvebis Caweris dros simboloTa ganlagebas mniSvneloba ar eniWeboda.

ricxvis mniSvnelobas am cifrebis mniSvnelobaTa jami Seadgenda.

monacemebis Caweris xerxebis ganviTarebis Semdegi nabiji iyo aTvlis

romauli sistema. istoriaSi pirvelad yvela sididis warmosadgenad gamoiyenes

sworxazovani monakveTebis meTodi (1 – I, 5 – V, 10 – X, 50 – L, 100 – C, 500 – D,

1000 – M). aTasze gamravlebis aRsaniSnavad romaelebi cifris Tavze xazs

gaavlebdnen xolme. es meti raodenobis cifrebis Caweris saSualebas iZleoda.

mag.: 23417 – MMMCDXVIIXX .

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4

aTvlis yvela uZvelesi sistemidan CvenTvis yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovania

indur-arabuli sistema. Tu induri cifrebi gaCnda Cvens welTaRricxvamde 500

wliT adre, arabuli Seiqmna Cveni welTaRricxvis 900-ian wlebSi. es dayovneba

gamoiwvia mTel evropaSi aTvlis romauli sistemis gamoyenebam. am

kombinirebuli sistemis upiratesoba is aris, rom mis ganuyofel nawilad iqca

simbolo nuli da garda amisa, masSi iyenebdnen fiqsirebul fuZesa da

cifrebis poziciur ganlagebas. faqtobrivad indoelebma pirvelebma gamoiyenes

simbolo nuli cifrebis svetSi sididis poziciuri mniSvnelobis

misaTiTeblad. pirvelad gaxda SesaZlebeli ricxvebze im operaciebis

Catareba, romlebic dRes cnobilia rogorc Sekreba, gamokleba, gamravleba da

gayofa.

espanelebma (1000 w.) da italielebma (1400 w.) srulyves aTvlis aTobiTi

sistema, ramac Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli xeli Seuwyo mcdelobas Seeq-

mnaT mowyobilobebi, romlebic adamians gaumartivebda gamoTvlebis process.

miuxedavad gamomTvleli manqanebis Sesaqmnelad gaweuli mravali

mcdelobisa, pirveli mniSvnelovani samuSao 1935 wels Caatara amerikelma

mecnierma hovard eikenma, am dros igi harvardis universitets amTavrdeba, man

Seqmna manqana, romlis funqciac iyo Tanamimdevruli maTematikuri operaciebis

Sesruleba. man 1937 wels teqnikuri da finansuri daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa

firma IBM (International Business Machines Corporation)-s. 1943 wels hovard eikenisa

da firma IBM-is erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad Seiqmna pirveli eleqtro-

meqanikur releebze momuSave saangariSo mowyobiloba – Mark-1. am manqanas

SeeZlo 23-Tanrigiani ricxvebis Sekreba da gamokleba 0,3 wm-Si da ori aseTi

ricxvis gamravleba daaxloebiT 6 wm-Si. perfobaraTebze Cawerili programebis

saSualebiT avtomaturi marTvis dros SeeZlo amocanis gadawyvetis

saSualedo da saboloo Sedegebi gamoetana perfobaraTebze an sabeWd

manqanaze. amis Sesaxeb firma IBM-ma ganacxada 1944 wels. Mark-1 manqanis

pirveli nimuSi eqspluataciidan moixsna 1959 w, TxuTmeti wlis eqspluataciis

Semdeg.

imave wels pensilvaniis universitetTan arsebul muris saxelobis

eleqtroteqnikur kolejSi amerikelma mecnierebma, jon moClisa da j. presper

ekertis xelmZRvanelobiT, daiwyes pirvel eleqtronul-gamomTvlel manqana

ENIAC-is Seqmnaze muSaoba, romelic 1946 wels warmatebiT dasrulda. pirveli

swrafqmedi eleqtronuli gamomTvleli manqana daayenes aberdinSi (merilendis

Stati), aberdinis poligonis balistikuri kvlevis laboratoriaSi. masSi

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Sedioda 18000 eleqtromilakiani radionaTura, manqanis masa 30 tonas

aRemateboda da ekava 135 m2 farTobi. igi aTniSna ricxvebze 5000-mde Sekreba-

gamoklebis operacias asrulebda wamSi, xolo amravlebda 300 op/wm siCqariT.

marTalia, igi ar gamoirCeoda didi swrafqmedebiT da sakmaod didi gabaritebi

hqonda, magram man udidesi roli Seasrula, rogorc – pirvelma kompiuterma.

pirveli Taobis kompiuterebi gamodioda ormocdaaTiani wlebis ganmavlobaSi.

fizikisa da naxevargamtaruli teqnologiebis ganviTarebasTan erTad

viTardeboda kompiuterebi, mcirdeboda maTi gabaritebi da izrdeboda maTi

SesaZleblobebi. samociani wlebis dasawyisSi daiwyes meore Taobis

kompiuterebis gamoSveba, romlis ZiriTad konstruqciul elements

warmoadgenda tranzistorebi da diodebi. xolo samociani wlebis bolosa da

samocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisSi daiwyes mesame Taobis kompiuterebis

gamoSveba, romlis ZiriTad konstruqciul elements warmoadgenda

mikrosqemebi.

XX s. 70-iani wlebis bolos firma MITS-ma Seqmna pirveli personaluri

kompiuteri. personaluri kompiuteri (PC) mcire zomisa da SedarebiT dabali

fasis mqone mikroeleqtronuli gamomTvleli manqanaa, romelic gankuTvnilia

individualuri moxmarebisaTvis. 1981 wlis agvistoSi IBM firmam daiwyo per-

sonaluri kompiuterebis seriuli gamoSveba, saxelwodebiT – IBM PC, romlebic

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba modifikaciebiT. am firmis mier sxvadasxva dros

gamoSvebul gansxvavebuli modifikaciis manqanebs aerTianebT saerTo

arqiteqtura, muSaobis wesi da programuli SeTavsebadobis maRali done.

1.2. personaluri kompiuteris klasifikacia

konstruqciuli Sesrulebis TvalsazrisiT ganasxvaveben samagido

(Desktop), portatul (Notebook) da jibis (PDA) personalur kompiuterebs.

samagido (Desktop) personaluri kompiuterebi (sur. 1) dResdReobiT

yvelaze popularuli da gavrcelebulia. mis mTavar elements warmoadgens

sistemuri bloki, romelSic moTavsebulia kompiuteris yvela ZiriTadi

mowyobiloba (procesori, operatiuli da gare mexsiereba da sxva). sistemur

blokTan agreTve mierTebulia kompiuteris gare da damatebiTi mowyobilobebi

– monitori, skaneri, printeri da sxva.

samagido kompiuterebi Tavis mxriv iyofa Semdeg jgufad:

6

• universaluri tipis kompiuterebi, romelTa gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia

TiTqmis yvelanairi amocanis gadawyvetis dros;

• samuSao sadgurebi – kompiuterebi, romlebic gankuTvnilia warmoeba-

dawesebulebis, firmebisa da sxva organizaciebisaTvis da gamoiyeneba

specialuri daniSnulebis viwro wris amocanebis gadasawyvetad;

• samagido gamomcemloba – kompiuteruli sistema, romelic gamoiyeneba

beWvdiTi da eleqtronuli sagamomcemlo produqciis mosamzadeblad –

sakmaod Zviri da Zlieri sistemaa, romlis SemadgenlobaSic unda Sediodes

didi monitori, maRalxarisxiani profesiuli videoadapteri, lazeruli

printeri da skaneri;

• samagido mini-kompiuterebi (LCD PC, Slim-desk) – igi warmoadgens portatuli

kompiuterebis konkurent kompiuterebs. maTi korpusi TiTqmis 4-jer mcirea,

xolo ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi xSirad aRemateba universaluri tipis

samagido kompiuterebis analogiur maxasiaTeblebs;

• serverebi – kompiuteri gamanawilebeli, mis funqcias warmoadgens sawarmoo

lokaluri qselis an internetis kvanZis marTva da kontroli. serveri

atarebs udidesi moculobis informacias, amitom mas unda hqondes Zlieri

procesori, didi moculobis operatiuli mexsiereba da ramodenime

erTmaneTis dubliori didi moculobis myar magnitur diskoze

damxsomebeli mowyobiloba.

portatuli (Notebook) kompiuterebi – gadasatani kompiuterebi samagido

kompiuterebisagan gansxvavdebian aramarto zomebiTa da fasiT, aramed

funqciuradac. maTi mowyobilobebi SedarebiT sustia. portatuli kompiuteris

monitori aris Txevad-kristaluri, rac TavisTavad iZleva SedarebiT dabali

xarisxis gamosaxulebas da maTi zoma diagonalze ar aRemateba 15” (” – diumi)

(sur. 1). kompiuterebis imave klass miekuTvneba agreTve mcire da planSeturi

portatuli kompiuterebi.

mcire portatuli (SubNotebook) kompiuterebi Cveulebriv `nouTbuqze~

daaxloebiT orjer mcirea. maTi monitorebis zoma Seadgens 8”-10”-s, xolo

danarCeni mowyobilobebi TiTqmis igivea.

planSeturi portatuli (Tablet PC) kompiuterebis Seqmna bil geiTsis

saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. masSi kompiuteris procesori, mexsiereba da yvela

sxva mowyobiloba ganlagebulia plazmuri monitoris qveS, xolo TviT ekrani

mgrZnobiarea masze nebismieri zewolis mimarT, rac saSualebas iZleva

informacia SevitanoT specialuri eleqtrokalmiT, xolo niSnakebze

dawkapuneba mausis nacvlad xeliTac ganvaxorcieloT.

jibis (PDA) kompiuterebi, rogorc saxeli gviCvenebs gansakuTrebiT

gamoirCeva Tavisi mcire gabaritebiT da amasTan Zalze didi SesaZleblobebiT.

a) b)

sur 1. a) samagido personaluri kompiuteri; b) `nouTbuqi~

1.3. personaluri kompiuteris aparaturuli da

programuli uzrunvelyofa

amJamad, kompiuteri sxvadasxva saxis (ricxviTi, teqsturi, grafikuli,

vizualuri, bgeriTi) informaciis damuSavebis universaluri instrumentia.

informaciis damuSaveba da, saerTod, kompiuteris funqcionireba xdeba

winaswar Setanili programebiT, amitom kompiuteri aparaturuli da

programuli nawilebis ganuyofel erTobliobas warmoadgens.

personaluri kompiuterebis variantebisa da modifikaciebis didi

mravalferovnebis miuxedavad kompiuteris aparaturuli nawili (Hardware)

Sedgeba erTidaimave saxis mowyobilobebisagan. pirobiTad isini SeiZleba

daiyos ZiriTad (maT kidev uwodeben ~makompleqtebel~ mowyobilobebs) da

damatebiT anu periferiul mowyobilobebad. kompiuteris TiTqmis yvela

ZiriTadi mowyobiloba: mikroprocesori, operatiuli mexsiereba, sxvadasxva

mowyobilobebis kontrolerebi, agreTve myar (vinCesteri), drekad (disketebi)

da lazerul (kompaqt-diskebi) magnitur diskoebze damxsomebeli

mowyobilobebi ganlagebulia kompiuteris sistemur blokSi, romelsac xSirad

procesorsac uwodeben, Tumca Tanamedrove kompiuterebSi namdvili procesori

mxolod erT patara mikrosqemas warmoadgens. amis garda, masSi SeiZleba iyos

moTavsebuli sxva damatebiTi mowyobilobebi: modemi, qseluri adapteri, faqs-

modemi da sxva. zemoT CamoTvlili mowyobilobebis garda kompiuterTan

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8

SeiZleba mierTebuli iyos mravali sxva mowyobiloba, rogoricaa informaciis

Setana-gamotanis mTavari mowyobilobebi klaviatura da monitori, mausi,

printeri anu sabeWdi mowyobiloba, skaneri, ploteri da sxva. yvela es

mowyobiloba specialuri portebis (SesaerTeblebis) saSualebiT ukavSirdeba

sistemur bloks.

sistemuri plata aris Zalze rTuli `organizmi~, romlis TiToeuli

nawilis muSaobazea damokidebuli kompiuteris swrafi da stabiluri muSaoba,

ris gamoc sistemur platas xSirad moixsenieben deda platis saxelwodebiTac

(sur. 2).

qvemoT moyvanilia sistemur plataze ganTavsebuli mowyobilobaTa

ramodenime logikuri jgufi:

• sxvadasxva mowyobilobebis SesaerTeblebisa da portebis nakrebi;

• salte – informaciuli magistrali, romlis saSualebiTac kompiuteri

aRiqmeba rogorc erTiani, ganuyofeli mowyobiloba. saltis saSualebiT

xdeba informaciis mimocvla kompiuteris mowyobilobebs Soris;

• mikrosqemebis nakrebi – Cipseti anu `xidi~, romlis saSualebiTac deda

plata axorcielebs sistemur blokSi mimdinare yvela procesis kontrols.

Cipsetze aris damokidebuli deda platis iseTi mniSvnelovani

maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa monacemTa gadacemis siCqare, masTan erTad

gamoyenebuli procesoris modelebis raodenoba, operatiuli mexsierebis

sabazo tipi da masTan muSaobis parametrebi da sxva;

• mcire zomis mikrosqema BIOS-i – sistemuri platis sakoordinacio centri,

romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs srulad gamoviyenoT misi SesaZleblobani;

• CaSenebuli anu integrirebuli damatebiTi mowyobilobebi – rogoricaa

video da xmovani platebi.

• kontroleri anu adapteri – specialuri mowyobiloba, romelic marTavs

kompiuterTan mierTebul erT an ramodenime gare mowyobilobas (sur. 2).

magaliTad, klaviaturis kontroleri, magnituri diskoebze damxsomebeli

mowyobilobebis kontroleri, monitoris kontroleri da sxva.

mikroprocesori (procesori) kompiuterSi yvelaze ZiriTad elements, mis

tvins warmoadgens. igi aris mcire zomis eleqtronuli sqema, romelic

asrulebs gamoTvlebsa da programebs, axdens informaciis damuSavebas,

marTavs kompiuteris sxvadasxva mowyobilobebis muSaobas (sur. 2).

mikroprocesori asrulebs asobiT sxvadasxva operacias ramodenime aTobiT,

da zogjer asobiT, milioni da miliardi operacia wamSi – siCqariT. IBM PC

tipis kompiuterebSi gamoiyeneba Intel-is an AMD firmis mikroprocesorebi.

mikroprocesorebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian ori ZiriTadi

maxasiaTebliT: tipiTa da taqturi sixSiriT. amJamad, yvelaze ufro

gavrcelebuli tipebia Intel-Pentium III, Intel-Pentium IV, Seleron da sxva.

mikroprocesori gansazRvravs kompiuteris raobas. rac hqvia mikroprocesors,

igive saxeliT moixsenieba mTeli kompiuteric.

mikroprocesoris taqturi sixSire gviCvenebs ramdeni operaciis

Sesruleba SeuZlia mikroprocesors erT wamSi. mikroprocesoris taqturi

sixSire anu swrafqmedeba izomeba megahercebiT an gigahercebiT. Tanamedrove

procesorebis sixSire Seadgens 1200 mh, 1,7 gh, 2 gh, 3 gh da a. S.

a) b) g) d)

sur 2. a) sistemuri plata; b) mikroprocesori; g) mexsiereba; d) kontroleri.

aRniSvna P4-2,5 – niSnavs rom kompiuterSi gamoyenebulia procesori Intel-

Pentium IV, romlis taqturi sixSire Seadgens 2,5 gh-s.

amasTan, procesori warmoadgens ara marto tranzistorebis erTobliobas,

aramed mravali mniSvnelovani mowyobilobebis mTel sistemas. nebismieri

procesoris kristalze ganlagebulia:

• TviTon procesori – mTavari gamomTvleli mowyobiloba, romelic Sedgeba

milionobiT logikuri mowyobilobebisagan – tranzistorebisagan;

• Tanaprocesori – mcuravmZimian ricxvebze ariTmetikuli operaciebis

Casatarebeli specialuri bloki. gamoiyeneba gansakuTrebiT zusti da

rTuli gamoTvlebis dros, agreTve rig grafikul programebTan muSaobis

dros;

• pirveli rigis keS-mexsiereba – mcire zomis zeswrafi mexsiereba, romelic

gamoiyeneba gamoTvlebis saSualedo Sedegebis Sesanaxad;

• meore rigis keS-mexsiereba – es aris mexsiereba SedarebiT naklebi

swrafqmedebiT, oRond moculobiT meti 128 kb-dan 2 mb-mde.

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procesori programebsa da dasamuSavebel sawyis monacemebs, gamoTvlebis

saSualedo da saboloo Sedegebs iRebs da inaxavs kompiuteris mexsierebaSi.

kompiuters gaaCnia ori tipis mexsiereba: operatiuli da gare mexsiereba.

mexsiereba. kompiuteris mexsiereba iyofa or jgufad: operatiuli da gare

mexsiereba. kompiuteris gare mexsierebas miekuTvneba myar, drekad da lazerul

diskoze damxsomebeli mowyobilobebi.

yvela tipis mexsiereba xasiaTdeba moculobiTa da informaciis Cawera-

wakiTxvis swrafqmedebiT. mexsierebis moculoba izomeba baitebSi. baiti aris

mexsierebis is moculoba, romelSic Tavsdeba erTi simbolo.

1 baiti = 8 bits (biti aris mexsierebis erTi minimaluri ujredi,

romelSic Tavsdeba erTi orobiTi cifri 0 an 1. baitis ujredebSi nulebisa

da erTianebis sxvadasxva kombinaciebis raodenoba sul SeiZleba iyos 28=256. es

niSnavs, rom kompiuters SeuZlia 256 sxvadasxva simbolos aRqma)

1 kilobaiti (kb) = 210 baiti (b) = 1024 b ≈ 1 000 b.

1 megabaiti (mb) = 210 kb = 1024 kb ≈ 1 000 kb ≈ 1 000 000 b.

1 gigabaiti (gb) = 210 mb = 1024 mb ≈ 1 000 mb ≈ 1 000 000 kb ≈ 1 mlrd b.

operatiuli mexsiereba erT-erTi ZiriTadi mowyobilobaa (sur. 2).

saxelwodeba `operatiuli” uwodes misi swrafqmedebis gamo. Tanamedrove

operatiuli mexsierebisaTvis monacemebze mimarTvis dro ganisazRvreba 6-7

nanowamiT (1 nwm=10-9wm). masSi monacemebi inaxeba droebiT, vidre kompiuteri

CarTulia, xolo gamorTvis Semdeg es informacia ikargeba.

operatiuli mexsierebis moculoba Cveulebriv aris 128 mb, 256 mb, 512 mb,

1gb da a. S.

myar magnitur diskoze damxsomebeli mowyobiloba (vinCesteri) gankuTv-

nilia kompiuteris muSaobisaTvis saWiro informaciis mudmivad Sesanaxad

(sur. 3): operaciuli sistemis programebi, xSirad gamosayenebeli programaTa

paketebi, dokumentTa redaqtorebi, daprogramebis enaTa translatorebi,

momxmarebelTa monacemebi da mravali sxva.

vinCesteris ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia misi moculoba, monacemTa wakiTxvis

siCqare, monacemebze mimarTvis saSualo dro, diskos brunvis siCqare.

vinCesterebis tevadoba amJamad, ganisazRvreba 40 gb, 80 gb, 120 gb da meti

sididiT, vinCesterisaTvis monacemTa wakiTxvis saSualo siCqare dResdReobiT

Seadgens 9-12 mb/wm, xolo maqsimaluri siCqare ar aRemateba 50 mb/wm-s.

monacemebze mimarTvis saSualo dro ganisazRvreba 7-9 miliwamiT (mwm), xolo

diskos brunvis siCqare meryeobs 5400-10000 bruni/wT.

a) b)

sur 3. a) myar da b) lazerul magnitur diskoze damxsomebeli mowyobiloba.

drekad (disketebi) da lazerul (kompaqt-diskebi) magnitur diskoze

damxsomebeli mowyobilobebi saSualebas gvaZlevs dokumentebi da programebi

gadavitanoT erTi kompiuteridan meoreze, SevinaxoT kompiuterze iSviaTad

gamosayenebeli informacia, gavakeToT informaciis arqivuli aslebi.

lazeruli diskoebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia misi moculoba, monacemTa

wakiTxvis siCqare da monacemTa Caweris SesaZlebloba da saxeoba. monacemTa

wakiTxvis siCqare ganisazRvreba Tu ramdenjer aRemateba mocemuli

mowyobilobis siCqare pirveli mowyobilobebis siCqares, romelic Seadgenda

150 kb/wm. magaliTad, Tu siCqare aris 24X, es niSnavs rom mocemuli

mowyobilobis siCqare 24-jer aRemateba pirveli mowyobilobebis siCqares da

Seadgens 3600 kb/wm. monacemTa Caweris SesaZleblobisa da saxeobis mixedviT

arsebobs mowyobilobebi CD-ROM – mxolod wamkiTxveli, CD-RW – monacemebis

wakiTxva-Caweris, DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) – universaluri cifruli diskebis

wamkiTxveli mowyobilobebi.

3,5 diumiani disketebis mexsierebis moculoba aris 1,44-2 mb, lazeruli

diskoebis – 650-700 mb, xolo DVD-is diskoebis – 4,7 gb.

monitori mowyobilobaa, romelic gankuTvnilia cifruli, teqsturi da

grafikuli informaciis ekranze gamosatanad (sur. 5). igi, agreTve saSualebas

gvaZlevs vakontroloT Cvens mier klaviaturaze akrefili informaciis

siswore. teqstur reJimSi muSaobisas mTeli ekrani dayofilia gansazRvrul

poziciebad – 25 striqoni da 80 Tanrigi (simbolo) TiToeul striqonSi.

CarTuli monitoris ekranze moTavsebulia kursori (cursor – mimTiTebeli) –

ganaTebuli zoli, romelic migvaniSnebs ekranze adgils, sadac moTavsdeba

axladakrefili simbolo. maT ricxvSi Sedis didi da patara laTinuri asoebi,

cifrebi da specialuri simboloebi.

monitorebi SeiZleba iyos eleqtronul-sxivur milakiani da Txevad-

kristaluri ekraniT. maTi erT-erTi maxasiaTebelia ekranis sidide

diagonalze, romelic izomeba diumebSi (1 diumi tolia 2,54 sm). amJamad

arsebobs 15, 17, 19, 20 da 21 diumiani monitorebi.

11

grafikul reJimSi muSaobisas monitoris ekrani Sedgeba wertilebisagan –

piqselebisagan. am wertilebis sididezea damokidebuli gamosaxulebis xarisxi.

rac mcirea wertilis zoma miT ufro maRali xarisxis gamosaxuleba miiReba

ekranze. Cveulebrivi monitorebisaTvis es maxasiaTebeli meryeobs 0,21-0,28 mm,

xolo Txevad-kristaluri ekraniani monitorisaTvis 0,28-0,29 mm-s. wertilebis

raodenobas horizintalurad da vertikalurad ewodeba monitoris

amoxsnadobis maCvenebeli, romelic gansazRvravs gamosaxulebis SesaZlo

xarisxs, rac metia amoxsnadobis maCvenebeli, miT ukeTesia miRebuli

gamosaxulebis xarisxi.

Tanamedrove monitorebSi amoxsnadobis maCvenebeli tolia 1024X768

1280X1024 da a.S. meore mniSvnelovani faqtori, romelic ekranis xarisxs

gansazRvravs aris ferebis raodenoba. es raodenoba SeiZleba iyos 16 bit, 24 bit,

32 bit, rac 65 536, 1 677 216 da 4 294 967 296 fers Seesabameba. aseve mniSvnelovani

faqtoria monitoris ekranze suraTebis ganaxlebis sixSire (Refresh Rate) –

romelzec aris damokidebuli aramarto gamosaxulebis xarisxi, aramed

momxmareblis normaluri mxedveloba. ekranze suraTebis ganaxlebis sixSire

minimum unda Seadgendes 85 hercs – anu ekranze gamosaxuleba unda icvlebodes

wamSi 85-jer.

agreTve, mniSvnelovani faqtoria monitoris adapteris mexsiereba – video-

mexsiereba. masSi xdeba ekranze gamosatani kadrebis dagroveba, rac uzrun-

velyofs kadrebis monitorze didi siswrafiTa da maRali xarisxiT gamotanas.

misi qoneba gansakuTrebiT aucilebelia grafikul reJimSi muSaobis dros.

Tanamedrove kompiuterebSi videomexsiereba tolia 64 mb, 128 mb, 256 mb da meti.

a) b)

sur 4. a) klaviatura; b) `mausi~.

klaviatura mowyobilobaa, romlis meSveobiTac kompiuters miewodeba

momxmareblis mier dasamuSavebeli informacia da urTierTobisaTvis

aucilebeli brZanebebi (sur. 4). klaviaturaze ganlagebulia 102-105 klaviSi.

klaviaturis centralur nawilSi ganlagebulia anbanur-cifruli klaviSebi,

12

13

mis garSemo – specialuri daniSnulebis klaviSebi, odnav marjvniv – kursoris

marTvis klaviSebi, zeda rigSi – funqciuri klaviSebi, xolo marjvena mxares

– damatebiTi cifruli klaviatura.

gavecnoT klaviaturis klaviSebis daniSnulebas:

<Shift> an < > –gamoiyeneba zeda registrze ganlagebuli simboloebis, an

didi da patara asoebis asakrefad;

<Caps Lock> –gamoiyeneba didi asoebis akrefis reJimis fiqsaciisaTvis. misi

CarTvis dros inTeba klaviaturis marjvena zeda kuTxeSi moTavsebuli mwvane

naTura. am reJimSi <Shift> klaviSi patara asoebis akrefis saSualebas gvaZlevs;

<Esc> – ukanaskneli brZanebis gauqmeba;

<Tab> – tabulaciis klaviSi, gamoiyeneba teqstebis redaqtirebis dros da

cxrilebSi momdevno ujredSi gadasasvlelad;

<Ctrl> da <Alt> – mmarTveli klaviSebia, romlebic gamoiyeneba mxolod

sxva klaviSebTan kombinaciaSi;

<Enter> an < > – akrefili brZanebis Sesrulebaze gaSveba an teqstis

akrefis dros axal striqonze gadasvla;

<Backspace> an < > – kursoris marcxniv mdebare simbolos waSla;

<Delete> an <Del> – kursoris Tavze (marjvniv) mdebare simbolos waSla;

<Insert> an <Ins> – simbolos Casmis an Secvlis reJimis CarTva-gamorTva;

< >, < >, < >, < > – kursoris gadaadgileba Sesabamisi

mimarTulebiT;

<Home> – kursoris gadaadgileba striqonis dasawyisSi;

<End> – kursoris gadaadgileba striqonis boloSi;

<Page Up> an <PgUp> – ekranze gamosaxul teqstSi erTi gverdiT (ekraniT)

zeviT gadanacvleba;

<Page Down> an <PgDn> – ekranze gamosaxul teqstSi erTi gverdiT

(ekraniT) qveviT gadanacvleba;

<Print Screen> an <PrtScr> – ekranze moTavsebuli informaciis sabeWd

mowyobilobaze gamotana;

<Scroll Lock> – ekranis wanacvlebis reJimis CarTva-gamorTva. misi CarTvis

dros inTeba klaviaturis marjvena zeda kuTxeSi moTavsebuli mwvane naTura;

<Break> an <Pause> – brZanebis gauqmeba an gaSvebuli programis Sewyveta;

14

<F1>, <F2>, ..., <F12> – klaviSebs ewodebaT Ffunqciuri klaviSebi. isini

gankuTvnilia sxvadasxva specialuri moqmedebebis Sesasruleblad. maTi

daniSnuleba damokidebulia im sistemaze an programaze, romelSic vmuSaobT;

<Num Lock> – damatebiTi cifruli klaviaturis CarTva-gamorTva. misi

CarTvis dros inTeba klaviaturis marjvena zeda kuTxeSi moTavsebuli mwvane

naTura. rodesac es klaviSi gamorTulia, damatebiTi cifruli klaviatura

muSaobs kursoris marTvis klaviSebis reJimSi.

umetesoba Tanamedrove klaviatura aRWurvilia sami specialuri

klaviSiT, romelic gankuTvnilia operaciul sistema Windows-Si samuSaod. es

klaviSebi moTavsebulia <Ctrl> da <Alt> klaviSebs Soris. klaviSi, romelzec

gamosaxulia Windows-is logo emsaxureba Start menius, xolo meore klaviSi ki

konteqsturi menius swraf gamoZaxebas.

mausi specialuri manipulatoria, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs,

klaviaturasTan SedarebiT ufro swrafad da moxerxebulad mivawodoT

kompiuters brZanebebi (sur. 4). igi warmoadgens or an samklaviSian (Sua

klaviSi iSviaTad gamoiyeneba, Tanamedrove kompiuterebSi mesame klaviSis

nacvlad gamoyenebulia gadafurcvlis patara borbali) patara nacrisfer

kolofs, romlis magidaze gadaadgilebiT da klaviSze xelis daWeriT xdeba

signalis gadacema.

marcxena klaviSi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba obieqtebis mosaniSnad an

Sesabamisi fanjris gasaxsnelad, xolo marjvena klaviSi – konteqstur

meniusTan samuSaod. termini `mausis dawkapuneba~ an `mausis orjer

dawkapuneba~ gulisxmobs Sesabamisi operaciis Sesrulebas mausis marcxena

klaviSis gamoyenebiT, xolo marjvena klaviSis gamoyenebis saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi aucileblad unda mieTiTos sityva `marjvena~.

mausis marcxena klaviSis dawkapunebiT xorcieldeba obieqtis moniSvna,

marcxena klaviSis orjer dawkapunebiT – obieqtis gaxsna. mausis marcxena

klaviSze xelis daWeriT SesaZlebelia agreTve obieqtis `gadaTreva~.

mausis marjvena klaviSis dawkapunebiT mausis kursoris marjvniv

gaixsneba fanjara, romelsac konteqsturi meniu ewodeba. am meniuSi

CamoTvlili iqneba yvela is brZaneba, romelTa Sesruleba SesaZlebelia

mocemul obieqtze.

gadafurcvlis borbalis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia didi dokumentebisa

da internetis gverdebis swrafi gadafurcvla, multimediur programebSi xmis

regulireba da sxva.

a) b)

sur 5. a) monitori; b) printeri.

printeri sabeWdi mowyobilobaa, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba informaciis

gadatana qaRaldze (sur. 5). moqmedebis principis mixedviT ganasxvaveben

matricul, Wavlur da lazerul printerebs.

matriculi printeri beWdavs nemsebis saSualebiT, romlebic specialur

TavakSia moTavsebuli. yoveli simbolos dabeWdvis dros am Tavakidan

gamoweuli nemsebis Sesabamisi kombinacia daartyavs qaRaldze. printeris mier

dabeWdili simbolo wertilebisagan Sedgeba. isini erTmaneTTan imdenad

axlosaa ganlagebuli, rom uwyvetis STabeWdilebas tovebs.

Wavluri printeriT beWdvis dros gamoiyeneba specialuri melani,

romelic gamoifrqveva umciresi nawilakebis saxiT. beWdvis es meTodi,

matricul printerTan SedarebiT uzrunvelyofs ufro maRali xarisxis

beWdvas. Wavluri printeriT SesaZlebelia feradi beWdvac. am dros gamoiyeneba

sami feris melani wiTeli, mwvane da lurji da maTi meSveobiT miiReba

sxvadasxva feri.

lazeruli printerebi uzrunvelyofen swraf da beWdvis yvelaze

saukeTeso xarisxs. isini beWdaven specialuri fxvnilis saSualebiT, romelic

Cayrilia specialur plastmasis WurWelSi – kartrijSi. lazeruli printeri

teqsts beWdavs ara aso-aso, aramed striqon-striqon. arsebobs rogorc Sav-

TeTri, aseve – feradi printerebi.

printeris maxasiaTeblebia: beWdvis siswrafe, nabeWdis intensiurobis

maCvenebeli da furclis SesaZlo formati. beWdvis siswrafe matricul da

Wavlur printerebs erTnairi aqvT da Seadgens 3-5 standartul teqstur

gverds wuTSi, xolo feradi ilustraciisaTvis ki SeiZleba dasWirdes 5 wuTi.

lazeruli printeris beWdvis siswrafe Seadgens 7-9 standartul teqstur

gverds wuTSi. printeris nabeWdis intensiurobis maCvenebeli anu amoxsnadobis

maCvenebeli ganisazRvreba wertilebis raodenobiT diumSi, SemoklebiT dpi. 15

16

Wavluri printerisaTvis saSualo maCvenebelia 600 dpi, xolo lazeruli

printerisaTvis 1200 dpi. furclis SesaZlo formati nebismieri tipis

printerisaTvis SeiZleba iyos A3, A4, A5, Letter da sxva.

skaneri informaciis vizualurad wamkiTxavi mowyobilobaa, romlis

meSveobiTac kompiuteris mexsierebaSi swrafad SegviZlia SevitanoT teqsturi,

grafikuli da foto masala. arsebobs xelisa da planSeturi tipis skanerebi.

skanerebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia amoxsnadobis maCvenebeli da iseve rogorc

monitoris, izomeba wertilebis raodenobiT horizontalze da vertikalze.

magaliTad, 500X500, 600X600, 800X800 dpi, magram ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba misi

mxolod pirveli nawili – 500, 600, 800 an 1200 dpi.

modemi mowyobilobaa, romelic uzrunvelyofs informaciis mimocvlas

sxva kompiuterebTan satelefono qselis meSveobiT. Tavisi konstruqciis

mixedviT, modemi SeiZleba iyos CamontaJebuli sistemur blokSi an

SeerTebuli kompiuterTan sakomunikacio portis saSualebiT.

faqs-modemi mowyobilobaa, romelSic erTmaneTTan Serwymulia modemisa

da faqsis SesaZleblobebi.

qseluri adapteri saSualebas gvaZlevs, kompiuteri CavrToT lokalur

qselSi, amasTan, momxmarebels saSualeba aqvs daubrkoleblad miiRos da

gamoiyenos sxva kompiuterSi arsebuli informacia.

ploteri naxazebisa da grafikuli informaciis qaRaldze gamomtani

mowyobilobaa.

zemoT CamoTvlili mowyobilobebis garda Tanamedrove kompiuterebTan

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas iseTi mowyobilobebi, rogoricaa sxvadasxva

simZlavris akustikuri sistemebi musikaluri da xmovani informaciis

misaRebad, grafikuli planSetebi (digitaizeri) – naxatebisa da grafikuli

naxazebis Sesasruleblad, MIDI-klaviatura – musikaluri nawarmoebis

Casawerad, Web-kamera anu videoTvali, saTamaSo manipulatori (joistiki) da

sxva.

kompiuteris programuli nawili anu programuli uzrunvelyofa (Software)

SeiZleba davyoT or nawilad:

• sistemuri programebi uzrunvelyofen kompiuteris aparaturis

funqcionirebas, maT momsaxureba-diagnostikas, sxva programaTa gamoyenebasa da

momxmareblis kompiuterTan kavSirs. sistemur programebs miekuTvneba:

operaciuli sistemebi (MS DOS – momxmareblis dialogi kompiuterTan warmoebs

misi brZanebebis meSveobiT); programa-garsebi (Norton Commander (NC) –

urTierTobis gamartiveba da momxmareblisaTvis komfortuli samuSao garemos

Seqmna. maTi daniSnulebaa operaciuli sistemis brZanebaTa ufro swrafi da

moxerxebulad Sesruleba); operaciuli garsebi (Windows-95, Windows-98,

Windows-Me da Windows-XP – Tavis TavSi aerTianebs rogorc operaciuli

sistemis, aseve garsis funqciebs da ar saWiroebs kompiuterze sxva

operaciuli sistemis arsebobas); programa-utilitebi – programebi, romlebic

gankuTvnilia kompiuteris muSaobis gasaumjobeseblad; testebi – programebi,

romlebic axdenen kompiuteris aparaturuli da programuli uzrunvelyofis

Semowmebas; antivirusebi da sxva programebi;

• gamoyenebiTi programebi uzrunvelyofen kompiuteris gamoyenebas

konkretuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad. gamoyenebiT programebs miekuTvneba:

saofise programaTa paketi (MS Office); teqsturi redaqtorebi (WordPad,

MS Word); cxriluri redaqtorebi (MS Excel); monacemTa bazebi (MS Access);

grafikuli redaqtorebi (Corel Draw, Paint, Adobe Photoshop); multimediuri

programebi; samecniero-teqnikur da finansur gaangariSebaTa programebi;

saswavlo programebi; avtomatizebuli daproeqtebis sistemebi (CAD);

gasarTobi da SemecnebiTi programebi; enciklobediebi da leqsikonebi;

programa-TamaSebi da mravali sxva;

2. failebi da saqaRaldeebi

kompiuterSi yvela saxis informacia (programebi, monacemebi, teqsturi da

grafikuli dokumentebi) inaxeba failebis saxiT.

faili aris adgili diskoze an informaciis sxva matarebelze, romelsac

aqvs saxeli. failis saxeli ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: TviT saxeli, romelic

garkveuli raodenobis simboloebisagan Sedgeba (MS DOS da Norton Commander-

is sistemaSi ara umetes rva simbolosagan, Windows sistemaSi ki dasaSvebia 255

simbolo) da gafarToeba, romelic iwyeba wertiliT da romelsac mohyveba

erTidan sam simbolomde.

magaliTad, COMMAND.COM

PAPER.DOC

TEXT12.TXT

saxeli gafarToeba

17

18

gafarToebis daniSnulebaa, daazustos failSi Cawerili informaciis

saxeoba an Sinaarsi. failis gafarToeba SeiZleba ar iyos miTiTebuli. zogi

gafarToeba standartulia.

magaliTad,

.EXE da .COM – Sesasrulebeli programebi;

.BAT – sabrZanebo failebi;

.SYS – operaciuli sistemis failebi;

.DOC – teqsturi redaqtoris Word-is failebi;

.XLS – cxriluri redaqtoris Excel-is failebi;

.BMP da .JPG – grafikuli informacia da naxatebi;

.TXT – teqsturi failebi;

.DAT – monacemTa failebi;

.WAV da .MP3 – xma cifrul formatSi;

.ARJ, .ZIP da .RAR – arqivirebuli anu specialuri programiT SemWidrove-

buli failebi da sxva.

failis saxeli da gafarToeba SeiZleba Sedgebodes rogorc didi, aseve -

patara laTinuri asoebis, cifrebisa da Semdegi simboloebisagan:

- _ $ # & @ ! % ( ) { } ‘ ~ ` .

fails, saxelis garda kidev gaaCnia egreT wodebuli atributebi,

romlebic gansazRvraven mis Tvisebas. es atributebia:

• dafaruli (Hidden) – am atributis mqone failebi momxmareblisaTvis

aris dafaruli. Tavis dazRvevis mizniT sistemis funqcionirebisaTvis

aucilebel failebs aniWeben am atributs, Tumca specialuri brZanebiT

SeiZleba maTi gamoCenac;

• mxolod wakiTxvisaTvis (Read-Only) – es failebi yovelTvis Cans

momxmareblisaTvis, magram maTSi raime cvlilebis Setana specialuri

brZanebis gareSe SeuZlebelia;

• sistemuri (System) – es aris operaciuli sistemis failebi, romlebic

axorcieleben kompiuteris CatvirTvasa da Semdgom muSaobas;

• arqivirebuli (Archive) – es atributi eniWeba yvela im fails,

romelTanac vmuSaobT da romelSic Segvaqvs raime Sesworeba. seansis

damTavrebis Semdeg es atributi exsneba.

failebi diskoebze registrirdeba saqaRaldeebSi anu folderebSi (Folder).

19

saqaRalde anu folderi anu direqtoria anu katalogi aris specialuri

adgili diskoze, romelSic inaxeba failebis saxelebi, cnobebi failis

zomebis Sesaxeb, failebis atributebi da sxva. Tu saqaRaldeSi inaxeba failis

saxeli, maSin amboben, rom es faili aris mocemul saqaRaldeSi. TiToeul

magnitur diskoze SeiZleba iyos mravali saqaRalde. yovel magnitur diskoze

aris erTi mTavari anu Zireuli saqaRalde. masSi registrirdeba sxva

saqaRaldeebi, romlebic Tavis mxriv SeiZleba Seicavdes sxva saqaRaldeebs.

mexsierebis diskoze ganTavsebul saqaRaldeTa ierarqiul struqturas

diskos saqaRaldeTa `xe~ ewodeba.

yovel saqaRaldes aqvs sarCevi, romelSic Cawerilia am saqaRaldeSi

uSualod Semavali saqaRaldeebisa da masSi Tavmoyrili failebis saxelebi.

saqaRaldis saxelzec vrceldeba igive moTxovnebi, rac aqvs failis

saxels, oRond mas ar gaaCnia gafarToeba.

saqaRaldes, romelTanac momxmarebeli muSaobs mocemul momentSi,

ewodeba mimdinare saqaRalde.

kompiuterSi Cveulebriv gvaqvs ramodenime diskoze damxsomebeli

mowyobiloba. IBM PC seriis kompiuterebze miRebulia Semdegi aRniSvnebi: A:

da B: aRiniSneba drekad magnitur diskoze damxsomebeli mowyobiloba, xolo

C:, D:, E:,... – kompiuterSi arsebuli fizikuri myar (vinCesteri) magnitur

diskoze damxsomebeli mowyobiloba an maTi dayofis Sedegad miRebuli

logikuri diskoebi da lazerul magnitur diskoze damxsomebeli

mowyobiloba. diskos, romlidanac mimdinareobs moqmedebebis Sesruleba,

ewodeba mimdinare disko.

failebze mimarTvisas unda mivuTiToT gza, Tu sad mdebareobs da rogor

moiZebnos esa Tu is faili. gzas warmoadgens diskosa da saqaRaldeebis

mimdevroba, romlebic erTmaneTisagan gamoyofili unda iyos ` \ ~ simboloTi.

gzis Cvenebisas ar aris aucilebeli mimdinare diskosa da mimdinare

saqaRaldis saxelis miTiTeba.

magaliTad, C:\DOC\BOOK\document.doc – niSnavs, rom faili document.doc

mdebareobs BOOK saqaRaldeSi, romelic mdebareobs DOC saqaRaldeSi, xolo

es ukanaskneli Tavis mxriv mdebareobs C: diskoze.

20

3. operaciuli sistema

operaciuli sistema aris programa, romelic itvirTeba operatiul

mexsierebaSi kompiuteris CarTvis momentSi da igi axorcielebs dialogs

momxmarebelTan, uzrunvelyofs kompiuterisa da misi resursebis (operatiuli

mexsiereba, diskoebze adgili da sxva) marTvas, uSvebs sxva sistemur da

gamoyenebiT programebs Sesrulebaze. operaciuli sistema uzrunvelyofs

momxmareblisa da programebis moxerxebul urTierTobebs kompiuteris

mowyobilobebTan.

operaciuli sistema axorcielebs yvela programis operatiul

mexsierebaSi CatvirTvas, gadascems marTvas maTi muSaobis dawyebis dros,

asrulebs sxvadasxva moqmedebebs programebis moTxovnis mixedviT da

aTavisuflebs programiT dakavebul operatiul mexsierebas muSaobis

damTavrebis Semdeg.

operaciuli sistema Sedgeba sami aucilebeli nawilisagan:

pirveli – birTvi, brZanebis interpretatori, daprogramebis enidan

manqanuri kodebis enaze mTargmneli;

meore – specialuri programebi, romlis saSualebiTac imarTeba

kompiuteris SemadgenlobaSi Semavali mowyobilobebi. am programebs ewodebaT

programa draiverebi. amave jgufs miekuTvneba e. w. sistemuri biblioTeka,

romelsac iyenebs rogorc operaciuli sistema, aseve mis SemadgenlobaSi

Semavali sxva programebic;

mesame – moxerxebuli garsi, romelTanac uxdeba momxmarebels

urTierToba, es aris interfeisi.

3.1. operaciuli sistema MS DOS

1981 wlidan IBM PC seriis kompiuterebSi gamoyenebuli iyo operaciuli

sistema saxelwodebiT MS DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System). DOS-i aris

erTamocaniani operaciuli sistema, romelsac aqvs `sabrZanebo striqoniani~

interfeisi. amis gamo sistemis CatvirTvis Semdeg brZaneba unda aikrifos

brZanebaTa striqonSi, sadac mowvevis > niSanTan erTad yovelTvis

miTiTebulia mimdinare diskosa da katalogis saxelebi. brZanebas aqvs Semdegi

struqtura:

<brZaneba> <parametri> <Enter>,

21

sadac brZaneba Sesasrulebeli operaciis sityvieri dasaxeleba an am

dasaxelebis Semoklebuli aRniSvnaa, xolo parametri – im obieqtis

(katalogis an failis) dasaxeleba, romelzec sruldeba operacia. Tu obieqti

ar imyofeba mimdinare diskosa da katalogSi, unda mivuTiToT masze mimarTvis

sruli gza. parametri brZanebisagan erTi intervaliT gamoiyofa. zog brZanebas

parametri SeiZleba ar hqondes.

imisaTvis, rom momxmarebels gaadvileboda urTierToba MS DOS operaciul

sistemasTan mogvianebiT Seiqmna programa-garsi Norton Commander (NC) romlis

avtoria cnobili amerikeli programisti peter nortoni. NC uzrunvelyofs

moxerxebul dialogs kompiuterTan. am programaSi brZanebebisa da obieqtebis

dasaxelebaTa akrefis operaciebi Secvlilia ekranuli da klaviSebis

manipulaciebiT, rac sagrZnoblad amartivebs dialogis process.

NC saSualebas gvaZlevs, ekranze erTdroulad davaTvalieroT ori

sxvadasxva diskos katalogi; kursoris gadaadgilebis klaviSebis daxmarebiT

martivad gadavideT erTi katalogidan meoreSi; funqciuri klaviSebis

meSveobiT, akrefis gareSe, SevasruloT MS DOS sistemis zogierTi ZiriTadi

brZaneba.

MS DOS operaciuli sistemis ZiriTad nakls warmoadgenda operatiul

mexsierebasTan muSaoba. mas SeeZlo mxolod 640 kb mexsierebasTan muSaoba.

meore – is, rom mas ar SeeZlo grafikul reJimSi srulyofili muSaoba, xolo

mesame – is warmoadgenda erTamocanian operaciul sistemas.

3.2. operaciuli sistema Microsoft Windows XP

zemoT CamoTvlili naklovanebebis gamo aucilebeli gaxda Seqmniliyo

axali operaciuli sistema. 80-iani wlebis bolos gamoCnda Microsoft Windows-is

pirveli versia.

Windows aris operaciuli sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs momxmareblis

urTierTobas kompiuterTan. kompiuteris CarTvisas gaiSveba Windows, romelic

marTavs da amuSavebs mis resursebs, SesaZlebelia gamoyenebiTi programebisa

da instrumentuli sistemebis gaSveba, maTi gadawera operatiul mexsierebaSi

da marTvis gadacema, muSaobis procesSi programebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad

sxvadasxva moqmedebis Sesruleba, monacemebis gadatana programebs Soris da

a.S.

22

Windows programa iyenebs programebisa da informaciis fanjrebiT

warmodgenis princips da aqedan warmodgeba misi dasaxelebac.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi xdeboda Windows-is sxvadasxva versiebis Seqmna da

maTi SesaZleblobaTa gafarToeba. dRemde Seqmnilia Windows-is Semdegi

modifikaciebi: Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME

(Millennium Edition), Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP (experience), Windows 2003

Server, Windows Vista.

ufro detalurad SeviswavloT Windows XP operaciuli sistema da masTan

muSaobis ZiriTadi principebi.

Windows XP operaciuli sistema momxmareblisaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxda

2000 wlis bolos. amJamad, am saxeliT moixsenieba Windows XP-is sami versia:

Windows XP Server, Windows XP Professional da Windows XP Home.

Windows XP – pirveli operaciuli sistemaa, romlis interfeisic SeiZleba

srulad icvlebodes. exla momxmarebels SeuZlia ara marto Secvalos samuSao

magidaze suraTi, Sriftebi niSnakebis qveS da mausis kursoris forma, aramed

Cveulebrivi saqaRaldeebi, samosamsaxuro panelebi, CamosaSleli meniuebi da

sxva.

am sistemis meore Rirseba aris `inteleqtualuri~ sastarto meniu. `Start~

Rilakze dawkapunebis Semdeg Windows XP aCvenebs mxolod im programebis

CamonaTvals, romelsac xSirad iyenebs momxmarebeli, xolo danarCeni

programebis gamosaCenad saWiroa mausi davawkapunoT `More Programs~ Rilakze.

yvelaze sasiamovno cvlileba aris is, rom SesaZlebeli gaxda CD-R da

CD-RW diskoebze informaciis Cawera operaciuli sistemis doneze.

amasTan, unda vicodeT, rom Windows XP operaciuli sistemis normaluri

muSaobisaTvis saWiroa 256 mb operatiuli mexsiereba, 800 mh sixSiris

procesori mainc da minimum 2 gb carieli sivrce vinCesterze.

4. samuSao magida da amocanaTa paneli

Windows-is ekrani Sedgeba samuSao magidisa (Desktop), sasurvelia masze

yovelTvis imyofebodes niSnakebi My Computer (Cemi kompiuteri), My Documents

(Cemi dokumentebi) da Recycle Bin (sanagve kalaTa), romelsac Windows-i TviTon

23

qmnis instalaciis dros da ekranis qveda nawilSi moTavsebuli amocanaTa

panelisagan (Taskbar). am ukanasknelze moTavsebuli sastarto menius Start

RilakiT SesaZlebelia programaTa gaSveba da sxva operaciebis Sesruleba.

4.1. niSnakebi da iarliyebi

samuSao magidaze SesaZlebelia momxmareblis survilis mixedviT

sxvadasxva niSnakebisa (piqtogramebis) da iarliyebis ganTavseba. piqtograma

naxatia, romelic garkveul saqaRaldes an fails Seesabameba da aqvs warwera.

warwera gviCvenebs obieqtis saxels.

failis piqtogramaze mausis orjeradi dawkapunebiT SesaZlebelia

programas mivceT misi Sesrulebis brZaneba anu `gavuSvaT~ programa

Sesrulebaze, xolo saqaRaldis piqtogramaze orjeradi dawkapunebiT

SesaZlebelia gavxsnaT es saqaRalde fanjris saxiT. aseve SesaZlebelia

obieqtis warweraze mcire intervaliT orjeradi dawkapunebiT piqtogramas

SevucvaloT saxeli.

niSnaki Seesabameba erT fails – dokuments an programas. Windows-is

yovel programas aqvs Tavisi sakuTari, originaluri niSnaki da es niSnaki ama

Tu im saxiT moTavsebulia am programis mier Seqmnili dokumentis niSnakze.

ase, rom niSnakze SexedviT Tavisuflad SeiZleba dadgindes am failis tipi.

dokumentis niSnaki cvlis failis gafarToebas, ris gamoc niSnakis qveS Cans

mxolod failis dasaxeleba gafarToebis gareSe.

saqaRaldeTa piqtogramebi erTnairia, yviTeli ferisaa da aqvs aseTi

forma:

iarliyebi Cveulebrivi niSnakebisagan (piqtogramebisagan) gansxvavdeba

qveda marcxena kuTxeSi moTavsebuli patara Savi isriT. iarliyis inglisuri

dasaxelebaa shortcut (maCvenebeli) da miuTiTebs sxva adgilze myof failze.

iarliyis SigniT inaxeba ara programa, aramed am programaze mimarTvis

brZaneba, misi zusti misamarTi. qvemoT me-6 suraTze naCvenebia My Computer –

Cemi kompiuteris niSnaki da misi Sesabamisi iarliyi:

a) b)

sur 6. My Computer – Cemi kompiuteris a)niSnaki da b)iarliyi

4.2. fanjara

fanjara – es aris Windows-is ZiriTadi elementi, romlis saxelic ewoda

mTlian sistemas (sur. 7).

nebismier niSnakze an

iarliyze mausis klaviSiT

orjeradi dawkapunebiT ga-

ixsneba Sesabamisi fanjara,

romelic saSualebas iZle-

va, wavikiTxoT myar disko-

ze, disketaze an lazerul

diskoze Cawerili informa-

cia, SevqmnaT axali saqa-

Raldeebi, `gavuSvaT~ prog-

rama Sesrulebaze, gadavwe-

roT isini erTi adgilidan

meoreze, wavSaloT da a.S.

samuSao magidaze erTdrou-

lad SeiZleba gaxsnili

iyos ramodenime fanjara.

sur 7. Windows-is fanjara

fanjrebi Windows-Si aris standartuli. yoveli fanjris zeda nawili

ukavia saTauris zols. saTauris zolis marcxena kuTxeSi moTavsebulia Sesa-

bamisi programis an saqaRaldis niSnaki da saxeli. saqaRaldis niSnakze mausis

dawkapunebiT CamoiSleba sistemuri meniu, sadac SegviZlia avarCioT fanjrebze

Casatarebeli operacia (zomebis Secvla, ekranze gadaadgileba da sxva).

gaxsnili fanjrebidan aqtiuria mxolod erTi fanjara, is romlis saTauris

zolic ufro muqia, vidre danarCeni fanjrebis. imisaTvis, rom sxva fanjara

gavaaqtiuroT sakmarisia mausi davawkapunoT misi aris nebismier adgilze.

24

25

saTauris striqonis marjvena kuTxeSi moTavsebulia fanjris marTvis

Rilakebi:

_ fanjris daxurvis (Close) Rilaki daxuravs fanjarasac da amasTan,

misi saxelis mqone Rilakic gaqreba amocanaTa panelis striqonidan.

_ fanjris minimizaciis (Minimize) Rilaki daxuravs fanjaras, magram

Sesabamisi saxelis mqone Rilaks datovebs amocanaTa panelze, rac SemdgomSi

masze mausiT erTxel dawkapunebiT misi swrafad gaxsnis saSualebas mogvcems.

_ fanjris maqsimizaciis (Maximize) Rilaki gaSlis fanjaras samuSao

magidis mTel ekranze da mocemuli Rilaki Seicvleba sawyis mdgomareobaSi

dabrunebis (Restore Down) RilakiT.

_ fanjris sawyis mdgomareobaSi dabrunebis (Restore Down) Rilaki

aRadgens fanjris wina zomasa da mdebareobas, xolo mocemuli Rilaki

Seicvleba fanjris maqsimizaciis (Maximize) RilakiT.

fanjrebis zomis Secvlis mizniT saWiroa mausis maCvenebeli miviyvanoT

fanjris romelime kidesTan ise, rom maCvenebelma miiRos ormagi isris ( )

forma da mausis marcxena klaviSze xelis auReblad gadavaadgiloT mausi

saWiro mimarTulebiT. Tu mausis maCvenebels miviyvanT fanjris romelime

wverosTan ise, rom maCvenebelma miiRos daxrili ormagi isris forma, maSin

SesaZlebelia fanjaras sigrZe da sigane SevucvaloT erTdroulad.

fanjris gadaadgilebis mizniT mausis maCvenebeli miviyvanoT fanjris

saTauris zolze da mausis marcxena klaviSze xelis auReblad mausi

gadavaadgiloT saWiro mimarTulebiT. mausis maCvenebelTan erTad moxdeba

fanjris gadaadgilebac.

Tu erTdroulad gaxsnilia ramodenime fanjara, maSin SesaZlebelia

samuSao magidaze maTi avtomaturi mowesrigeba (ix. punqti 4.3.2).

saTauris zolis qveS ganTavsebulia menius zoli, menius zolis qvemoT

SeiZleba iyos standartuli instrumentebis paneli (Standard Buttons), samisamar-

To zoli (Address Bar) da sxva.

gulisxmobis principiT menius zoli Sedgeba eqvsi meniusagan – File, Edit,

View, Favorites, Tools, Help. TiToeuli maTgani aris kaskaduri meniu da Seicavs

Sesabamis brZanebebs. Tu brZaneba mTavrdeba simboloTi, maSin igi Seicavs

brZanebebis momdevno kaskads.

File menius Semadgeneli brZanebebi imisda mixedviT, Tu romeli fanjaraa

gaxsnili an obieqtia moniSnuli, aris sxvadasxva.

26

samisamarTo zolSi (Address Bar) miTiTebulia im obieqtis zusti misamarTi,

romlis Semcvelobasac mocemul momentSi vaTvalierebT. Cven SegviZlia

gadavideT sxva obieqtze, Tu samisamarTo zolSi xeliT avkrebT mis misamarTs,

an am zolis marjvena kuTxeSi moTavsebul isarze mausis dawkapunebis Semdeg

CamoSlil meniuSi avarCevT saWiro obieqts. amgvarad, erTi fanjris

saSualebiT SeiZleba `vimogzauroT~ mTel kompiuterSi da Tu samisamarTo

zolSi avkrebT WEB-gverdis misamarTs CaverToT internetSic. samisamarTo

zolis CarTva-gamorTva xorcieldeba menius View Toolbars Address Bar

brZanebiT.

Tu mocemuli fanjara warmodgenilia klasikuri stiliT, maSin zemoT

CamoTvlili panelebis qvemoT ganTavsebuli iqneba saqaRaldeebisa da

failebis CamonaTvali, xolo Windows XP-is stilis SemTxvevaSi ki fanjris

qveda nawilis marcxena mxare ukavia navigaciur panels (Common tasks) (sur. 7)

da marjvena mxare saqaRaldeebisa da failebis CamonaTvals. navigaciuri

paneli aris axali da Zalze mosaxerxebeli instrumenti, romlis daxmare-

biTac SesaZlebelia Windows-is ama Tu im saqaRaldeze swrafi gadasvla,

menius romelime brZanebis swrafad Sesruleba da amave dros navigaciuri

panelis qveda nawilSi moniSnuli obieqtis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba. amas-

Tan, navigaciuri paneli aris `cocxali~ – radganac mas aqvs unari Seicvalos

saxe imisda mixedviT, Tu romel saqaRaldeSi imyofebiT mocemul momentSi.

navigaciuri panelis CarTva-gamorTva SeiZleba ganxorcieldes menius Tools

⇒ Folder Options … brZanebiT, ris Semdegac gaixsneba damatebiTi Folder Options

fanjara. gaxsnili fanjris General CanarTis Tasks velSi CavrToT Show common

tasks in folders gadamrTveli Tu gvinda navigaciuri panelis gamotana, xolo Tu

CavrTavT Use Windows classic folders, maSin miviRebT klasikuri stilis fanjaras.

Tu obieqtTa CamonaTvali srulad ver Tavsdeba gaxsnil fanjraSi, maSin

fanjris marjvena an qveda kidis gaswvriv Cndeba gadafurcvlis zoli (sur. 7).

mausis maCveneblis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia davaTvalieroT fanjris mTliani

SigTavsi. Tu mausis maCvenebels davawkapunebT gadafurcvlis zolis TavSi an

boloSi moTavsebul isarze, maSin fanjris SigTavsi gadaadgildeba mcire

bijebiT, xolo Tu mausis maCvenebels davawkapunebT rbiasa da isars Soris

zolis cariel adgilze, maSin fanjris SigTavsi gadaadgildeba erTi gverdiT

zeviT an qveviT. fanjris SigTavsis daTvaliereba agreTve SesaZlebelia rbias

saSualebiT, risTvisac rbiaze miviyvanoT mausis maCvenebeli da mausis

marcxena klaviSze xelis auReblad mausi gadavaadgiloT saWiro

mimarTulebiT.

fanjris qveda nawilSi SeiZleba iyos ganTavsebuli sainformacio zoli

(Status Bar), sadac miviRebT informacias moniSnuli obieqtis an obieqtTa

jgufis Sesaxeb. sainformacio zolis CarTva-gamorTva xdeba menius View

Status Bar brZanebiT.

4.2.1. standartuli instrumentebis paneli

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, menius zolis qvemoT SeiZleba iyos

ganTavsebuli standartuli instrumentebis paneli (Standard Buttons), sadac

moTavsebulia xSirad gamosayenebeli menius brZanebebis Sesabamisi Rilakebi,

rogoricaa magaliTad, Back, Forward, Undo, Up, Cut, Copy, Paste da sxva (ix. sur. 8).

sur 8. standartuli instrumentebis paneli (Standard Buttons)

standartuli instrumentebis panelis CarTva-gamorTva xdeba menius View

Toolbars Standard Buttons brZanebiT, xolo instrumentTa panelis modifikacia

ki menius View Toolbars Customize ... brZanebiT.

instrumentTa panelis modifikaciis SemTxvevaSi gaixsneba Customize Toolbar

fanjara (sur. 9), romlis Avalable toolbar buttons velSi mocemulia yvela

sur 9. instrumentTa panelis modifikaciis Customize Toolbar fanjara

27

SesaZlo instrumentebis CamonaTvali, xolo Current toolbar buttons velSi – inst-

rumentTa panelze ukve arsebuli instrumentebi. Add Rilakis saSualebiT

pirveli velidan Sesabamisi moniSnuli instrumenti SeiZleba gadavitanoT

instrumentTa panelze, xolo Remove RilakiT amoviRoT panelidan. Move Up da

Move Down RilakebiT xdeba panelze arsebuli Rilakebis gadaadgileba

Sesabamisad marcxniv an marjvniv. Text options velSi SeiZleba SeirCes panelze

moTavsebuli Rilakebis daniSnulebis aRmniSvneli teqstis ganlagebis

reJimebi: Show text labels – Candes teqsti Rilakis qveS, Selective text on right –

Candes teqsti Rilakis marjvniv an No text labels – saerTod ar Candes teqsti.

Icon options velSi SeiZleba SeirCes panelze moTavsebuli Rilakebis zoma: Large

icons – didi zomis Rilakebi an Small icons – mcire zomis Rilakebi.

instrumentTa panelze ganlagebuli Back Rilaki

saSualebas iZleva swrafad davbrundeT adre

daTvalierebul saqaRaldSi, xolo Forward Rilaki

dagvexmareba davbrundeT `ukan momavalSi~.

28

Rilaki Up saSualebas mogvcems gadavideT ufro

maRali donis saqaRaldeSi (magaliTad, C:\WINDOWS-

idan C:\ diskoze).

Rilaki Undo-s an menius

Edit Undo brZanebis an

<Ctrl>+<Z> klaviSTa kombina-

ciis saSualebiT SeiZleba

gavauqmoT Sesrulebuli brZaneba.

Rilaki Search navigaciuri panelis adgilze

gaxsnis Zebnis panels (sur 10), romlis saSualebiTac

kompiuterSi arsebul failebs Soris SeiZleba movZeb-

noT: Picture, music or video CamrTveliT – suraTi, musika

an video, Documents – dokumenti masSi arsebuli

teqstis saSualebiT, All Files and folders – nebismieri

saqaRalde an faili, Computers or people – qselSi

CarTuli kompiuteri an registrirebuli momxmarebeli;

movZebnoT an mivawodoT Zebnis dasazustebel paramet-

rad obieqtis Seqmnis dro, misi zoma da tipi.

Rilaki Folders navigaciuri panelis adgilze

sur 10. Zebnis paneli

sur 11. failebis menejeri (Explorer) – diskos saqaRaldeTa `xe~

gaxsnis failebis menejers (Explorer) – diskos saqaRaldeTa `xe~-s (sur. 11).

failebis menejeris gamoZaxeba agreTve SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva meTodiT: Start

– sastarto menius All Programs ganyofilebaSi movZebnoT Windows Explorer

programa, an Start Rilakis konteqsturi menius Explore brZanebiT, an gaxsnili

fanjris menius File Explore brZanebiT. Tu diskos saqaRaldeTa `xe~-ze

SevarCevT romelime obieqts, maSin marjvena velSi gamoCndeba am saqaRaldeSi

arsebuli saqaRaldeebisa da failebis sia. `xe~-ze zogierTi saqaRaldis win

dgas plus niSani. es niSnavs, rom mocemuli saqaRalde failebis garda

TavisTavSi Seicavs qvesaqaRaldeebsac. Tu plus niSanze mausiT davawkapunebT,

maSin gaixsneba saqaRalde da CamoiSleba am saqaRaldis Sida struqtura,

xolo plusi gardaiqmneba minusad. minusze mausis dawkapunebT igi isev

gadaiqceva plusad, xolo misi Sida struqtura aikeceba. amgvarad, Cven

SegviZlia diskos mTeli struqtura dawvrilebiT warmovadginoT an davmaloT.

Rilaki Views dagvexmareba saqaRaldeebisa da failebis warmodgenis

reJimebis SerCevaSi: Thumbnails – aris specialuri `gverdebis eskizebis~ reJimi,

romlis daxmarebiTac Cveulebrivi niSnakebisagan gansxvavebiT masSi SeiZleba

davinaxoT failis `SigTavsi~. es reJimi gansakuTrebiT mosaxerxebelia im

saqaRaldeebTan samuSaod, sadac Senaxulia suraTebi; Tiles – didi niSnakebi;

Icons – patara niSnakebi; List – saqaRaldeebisa da failebis sia; Details -

saqaRaldeebisa da failebis detaluri sia anu siis gaswvriv mocemuli iqneba

am obieqtis Sesaxeb informacia misi tipis, zomis, Seqmnis TariRisa da drois

Sesaxeb. igive moqmedeba SeiZleba Sesruldes View menius Sesabamisi

brZanebiTac. zemoT ganxiluli warmodgenis reJimebis SerCeva damokidebulia

momxmareblis survilze. imave menius Arrange Icons By brZanebis saSualebiT

SeiZleba fanjaraSi obieqtebi movawesrigoT Name – saxelis, Size – zomis, Type

– failis tipis an Modified – Seqmnis TariRis mixedviT. agreTve, movaxdinoT

maTi avtomaturi mowesrigeba (Auto Arrange) da dajgufeba, mowesrigebis

arCeuli reJimis mixedviT (Show in Groups). samuSao magidaze niSnakebisa da

iarliyebis mowesrigeba SesaZlebelia samuSao magidis Tavisufal adgilze

gaxsnili konteqsturi menius Arrange Icons By brZanebiT.

29

4.3. amocanaTa paneli

amocanaTa paneli moTavsebulia ekranis qveda nawilSi. amocanaTa panelze

marcxena kuTxeSi aris Windows-is ZiriTad programebze mimarTvis mTavari

saSualeba Start – sastarto menius Rilaki, swrafi gaSvebis paneli, marjvena

kuTxeSi – sacnobaro veli (tray) da centrSi – are, sadac ganTavsdeba

nebismieri gaxsnili fanjrisa da gaSvebuli programebis Sesabamisi Rilakebi

(sur. 12).

sur 12. amocanaTa paneli

swrafi gaSvebis panelSi momxmareblis mier SeiZleba moTavsebuli iyos

iseTi programebis iarliyebi, romelTa gamoyeneba xSirad esaWiroeba TviT

momxmarebels. magaliTad, rogoricaa internetSi muSaobis brauzeri – Internet

Explorer, fostis menejeri – Outlook Express da sxva.

sacnobaro velSi (tray) ganlagebulia sistemuri drois saaTi, xmis

maregulirebeli niSnaki, klaviaturis erTi enidan sxva enaze gadamrTveli

indikatori, agreTve aq SeiZleba vnaxoT im programebis niSnakebi, romlebic

kompiuteris CarTvis momentSi avtomaturad CaitvirTeba operatiul

mexsierebaSi da Cvengan damoukideblad muSaoben fonur reJimSi. aq SeiZleba

iyos moTavsebuli sxvadasxva programis gasaSvebi niSnakebi, rogoricaa

internet-peijeri (Messenger), antivirusebi, internetis damakavSirebeli

(Connection) da sxva programebi.

4.3.1. sastarto meniu

meniu Start, romelic gaixsneba Sesabamis Rilakze mausis dawkapunebiT aris

Windows-is erT-erTi umTavresi meniu, radgan igi `pasuxismgebelia~ sistemaSi

arsebul yvela programaze. Windows XP-isa da Windows-is klasikuri sastarto

meniu gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. pirvelSi sastarto meniu ganTavsebulia or

svetad, xolo klasikurSi erT svetad (sur. 13). jer ganvixiloT Windows XP-is

sastarto meniu. igi Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisagan:

30

• menius `qudi~ – sadac miTiTebulia Tu romeli momxmareblis saxeliT

SevediT sistemaSi. es gansakuTrebiT mosaxerxebelia mravalmomxmareblian

reJimSi muSaobis dros;

• `qudis~ qvemoT marcxena svetSi moTavsebulia internetSi muSaobis

brauzerisa (Internet Explorer) da fostis menejeris (Outlook Express)

niSnakebi;

• Semdeg ramodenime striqonze ganTavsebulia im programebis

CamonaTvali, romelsac xSirad iyenebs momxmarebeli;

• am CamonaTvalis qveS moTavsebulia Rilaki – All Programs , romelsac

yvelaze xSirad mimarTavs momxmarebeli da romlidanac xdeba Windows-is

yvela programaze mimarTva;

a) b)

sur 13. a) Windows XP-isa da b) Windows-is klasikuri sastarto meniu

• marjvena svetSi ganTavsebulia Rilakebi: My Recent Documents – bolo im

15 dokumentis sia, romelTanac imuSaves momxmareblebma; My Computer (Cemi

kompiuteri) da My Documents (Cemi dokumentebi) – ukve nacnobi niSnakebis

dublikatebi; My Pictures (Cemi naxatebi) da My Music (Cemi musika) niSnakebi;

My Network Places (qseluri garemocva) – lokalur qselSi CarTul yvela

kompiuterTan kavSiris damyarebis programa; Control Panel (marTvis paneli) –

romlis saSualebiTac xorcieldeba Windows-is yvela parametris

31

32

momarTva; Connect to (mierTeba) – internetis qselSi Sesasvlelad; Help and

Support (daxmareba da mxaris daWera) – romlis saSualebiTac SeiZleba

nebismieri informaciisa da daxmarebis miReba; Search (Zebna) – misi

saSualebiT SeiZleba moiZebnos kompiuterSi an internetSi arsebuli

nebismieri faili, dokumenti an informacia; Run … (Sesruleba) – MS DOS-

is sabrZanebo striqonis analogiurad SeiZleba Sesrulebaze gavuSvaT

nebismieri programa;

• qveda zolSi ganTavsebulia ori Rilaki Log Off (sistemidan gamosvla) –

romelic saSualebas iZleva ganxorcieldes gadasvla momxmareblebs

Soris da Turn off Computer (kompiuteris gamorTva).

exla ganvixiloT Windows-is klasikuri sastarto meniu. igi Sedgeba sami

nawilisagan:

• pirveli zeda nawili aris veli, sadac momxmarebels SeuZlia

ganaTavsos sxvadasxva obieqtebis iarliyebi Tavisi survilis mixedviT.

dasawyisSi aq ganTavsebulia New Office Document (axali saofise dokumenti),

romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia axali dokumentis Seqmna; Open Office

Document (saofise dokumentis gaxsna), romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia

My Documents (Cemi dokumentebi) saqaRaldeSi arsebuli dokumentebis

gaxsna; Windows Update (Windows-is ganaxleba), romlis gaSvebis SemTxvevaSi

internetis saSualebiT moxdeba arsebuli sistemis ganaxleba;

• meore, Sua nawilSi moTavsebulia Rilakebi: Programs , romelsac

yvelaze xSirad mimarTavs momxmarebeli da romlidanac xdeba Windows-is

yvela programaze mimarTva; Documents – bolo im 15 dokumentis sia,

romelTanac imuSaves momxmareblebma; Settings – romlis saSualebiTac

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes kompiuterSi dasayenebeli parametrebis momarTva

(TavisTavSi moicavs Control Panel – marTvis panels, Network Connections –

qselSi CarTvis brZanebas da sxva); Search – Zebna; Help and Support –

daxmareba da mxaris daWera; Run … – Sesruleba;

• qveda zolSi ganTavsebulia ori Rilaki Log Off … (sistemidan gamosvla)

– romelic saSualebas iZleva ganxorcieldes gadasvla momxmareblebs

Soris da Turn off Computer … (kompiuteris gamorTva).

33

4.3.2. fanjrebis avtomaturi mowesrigeba

samuSao magidaze erTdroulad SeiZleba ramodenime fanjara iyos

gaxsnili da maTi erTmaneTis mimarT ganlagebas momxmarebeli aregulirebs

Tavisi survilis mixedviT. xolo gaxsnili fanjrebis avtomaturi mowesrigeba

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes amocanaTa panelis Tavisufal adgilze mausis

marjvena klaviSis saSualebiT gaxsnili konteqsturi menius Semdegi

brZanebebiT:

• Cascade Windows – fanjrebis ganlageba kaskadurad, am dros ekranze

fanjrebi daikavebs ekranis zeda nawils, sadac Cans TiToeuli araaqtiuri

fanjris saTauris zoli da aqtiuri fanjara mTlianad. araaqtiuri

fanjris saTauris zolze mausis dawkapunebiT SesaZlebelia saWiro

fanjris gaaqtiureba. am dros gaaqtiurebuli fanjara gadmodis wina

planze;

• Tile Windows Horizontally – fanjrebis ganlageba horizontalurad

mozaikurad. am dros samuSao magida daiyofa tol horizontalur

nawilebad, sadac mozaikurad ganlagdeba gaxsnili fanjrebi;

• Tile Windows Vertically – fanjrebis ganlageba vertikalurad mozaikurad.

imave menius Show the Desktop brZanebiT SeiZleba yvela gaxsnili fanjrebis

erTdrouli minimizacia da samuSao magidis gamoCena. minimizirebuli

fanjrebis kvlav gamoCena SeiZleba igive konteqsturi menius Show Open Windows

brZanebiT. fanjrebis avtomaturi mowesrigebis brZanebis gauqmeba SeiZleba

konteqsturi menius Undo Cascade an Undo Tile brZanebiT.

4.3.3. saqaRalde My Computer

My Computer saqaRaldeSi Tavmoyrilia mTeli Cveni kompiuteri. ufro

zustad Windows-is marTvis yvela SesaZlo saSualebani da instrumentebi.

amitom es saqaRalde yovelTvis unda iyos xelmisawvdomi momxmareblisaTvis.

rogorc me-14 suraTidan Cans My Computer saqaRaldis fanjara TiTqmis

arafriT ar gansxvavdeba Windows-is sxva fanjrebisagan, oRond am saqaRaldeSi

ar SeiZleba arcerTi obieqtis waSla.

sur 14. saqaRalde My Computer.

failebisa da saqaRaldeebis CamonaTvali dayofilia ramodenime jgufad,

romlis pirvel jgufSi saTauriT Files Stored on This Computer gaerTianebulia

mocemul kompiuterSi Senaxuli failebi da dokumentebi, meore jgufSi – Hard

Disk Drives – myari diskoebi (vinCesteri) an maTi dayofiT miRebuli logikuri

diskoebi. mesame jgufSi – Devices with Removable Storage – informaciis cvladi

matareblebis mowyobilobebi – drekad da lazerul diskoebze damxsomebeli

mowyobilobebi da bolos, saTauriT Other SeiZleba iyos marTvis paneli

(Control Panel) da zogierTi sxva faili.

fanjris samisamarTo zolisa da navigaciuri panelis Other Places velis

saSualebiT SeiZleba martivad gadavideT mocemuli kompiuteris sxva

saqaRaldeebSi, agreTve lokalur qselSi CarTuli sxva kompiuterebis

saqaRaldeebSi.

4.4. operaciebi saqaRaldeebsa da failebze

ZiriTadi operaciebi, romelic SeiZleba CavataroT saqaRaldeebsa da

failebze aris programebis gaSveba Sesrulebaze, axali saqaRaldis Seqmna,

obieqtis an obieqtTa jgufis gadatana, aslis miReba, waSla, saxelis Secvla

da arqivireba.

34

4.4.1. programis Sesrulebaze gaSveba

programis Sesrulebaze gaSveba SesaZlebelia ramodenime gziT:

1. Tu programis piqtograma an misi Sesabamisi iarliyi ganTavsebulia

samuSao magidaze, maSin failis piqtogramaze an iarliyze mausis orjer

dawkapunebiT SesaZlebelia programas mivceT misi Sesrulebis brZaneba anu

`gavuSvaT~ Sesrulebaze;

2. Tu programa ganTavsebulia romelime saqaRaldeSi, maSin jer unda

gaixsnas es saqaRalde da Semdeg failis piqtogramaze mausis orjer

dawkapunebiT programa `gavuSvaT~ Sesrulebaze;

3. igive operacia SeiZleba Sesrul-

des sastarto menius Run … brZanebis

saSualebiT; am dros gaixsneba Run

fanjara (ix. sur. 15), sadac Open velSi

unda mivuTiToT gasaSvebi programis

zusti misamarTi, an es misamarTi

davazustoT Browse Rilakis gamoyenebiT;

35

4. Tu gasaSvebi programis iarliyi

ganTavsebulia sastarto menius kaskadebSi, maSin Windows XP-is sastarto

menius SemTxvevaSi All Programs , xolo klasikuri sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi

Programs Rilakze mausis dawkapunebis Semdeg gaixsneba meniu, sadac Sesabamisi

qvemenius gavxsniT da obieqtis dasaxelebaze mausis dawkapunebiT programas

`gavuSvebT~ Sesrulebaze. magaliTad, programa Word-is gasaSvebad moviqceviT

Semdegnairad: Start All Programs Microsoft Office Microsoft Word;

sur 15. sastarto menius Run fanjara

5. Tu gasaSvebi programis iarliyi ganTavsebulia swrafi gaSvebis

panelze, maSin obieqtis iarliyze mausis erTxel dawkapunebiT programas

gavuSvebT Sesrulebaze.

4.4.2. axali saqaRaldis Seqmna

gaxsnil saqaRaldeSi axali saqaRaldis Seqmna SeiZleba: 1. menius File

New brZanebiT; 2. fanjris Tavisufal adgilze gaxsnili konteqsturi menius

New brZanebiT: 3. navigaciuri panelis Make a new folder brZanebiT. pirvel or

SemTxvevaSi New brZanebis gverdiT gaixsneba fanjara (ix. sur. 16), sadac

CamoTvlili iqneba im SesaZlo obieqtebis sia, romlis Seqmnac SeuZlia

momxmarebels. Tu am CamonaTvalSi avirCevT Folder

brZanebas an avirCevT navigaciuri panelis Make a

new folder brZanebas, mocemul fanjaraSi Seiqmneba

axali saqaRalde New Folder saxeliT. Seqmnis

momentSi axali obieqtis saxeli moTavsebuli

iqneba CarCoSi da gamoyofili iqneba moniSvnis

muqi feriT, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs obieqts

davarqvaT CvenTvis sasurveli saxeli an saxelad

davutovoT New Folder, rasac davamowmebT <Enter>

klaviSiT.

36

Tu axali obieqtis Seqmna gvsurs samuSao

magidaze, maSin samuSao magidis Tavisufal adgilze unda gavxsnaT

konteqsturi meniu da Semdeg SevasruloT zemoT aRwerili operacia.

sur 16.

4.4.3. obieqtTa moniSvna

obieqtze an obieqtTa jgufze raime operaciis Casatareblad aucilebelia

es obieqti an obieqtTa jgufi moiniSnos. erTi obieqtis mosaniSnad sakmarisia

mausis maCvenebliT erTxel davawkapunoT mocemuli obieqtis niSnakze an

dasaxelebaze. am dros obieqtis niSnaki da dasaxeleba Seicvlis fers da

gamuqdeba. Tu mausis maCvenebels davayovnebT am obieqtze, maSin mis gverdiT

gaCndeba patara fanjara obieqtis Sesaxeb sruli informaciiT.

Tu saWiroa mimdevrobiT ganlagebuli ramodenime obieqtis erTdroulad

moniSvna, amisaTvis saWiroa movniSnoT am CamonaTvalSi pirveli obieqti,

Semdeg TiTi davaWiroT <Shift> klaviSs da mausi davawkapunoT CamonaTvalis

bolo obieqtze. igive operacia SeiZleba Sesruldes mxolod mausis

saSualebiT. amisaTvis mausis maCvenebeli davayenoT CamonaTvalSi pirveli

obieqtis gaswvriv (da ara obieqtze) da mausis marcxena klaviSze xelis

auReblad mausis maCvenebeli gadavataroT mosaniSni obieqtebis dasaxelebebze.

obieqtTa amorCeviT mosaniSnad saWiroa TiTi davaWiroT <Ctrl> klaviSs da

mausis maCvenebliT rig-rigobiT davawkapunoT mosaniSn obieqtebze. obieqtze

mausis ganmeorebiTi dawkapuneba gamoiwvevs am obieqtze moniSvnis moxsnas.

aqtiuri fanjris yvela obieqtis erTdroulad mosaniSnad sakmarisia

SevasruloT menius Edit Select All brZaneba. igive operacia Sesruldeba

<Ctrl>+<A> klaviSebis kombinaciiT.

4.4.4. obieqtTa gadatana an aslis miReba

obieqtis an obieqtTa jgufis gadatana an aslis miReba maTi moniSvnis

Semdeg xorcieldeba or etapad: jer obieqti an misi asli unda gadavitanoT

arsebuli saqaRaldidan buferul (saSualedo) mexsierebaSi, xolo Semdeg

buferuli mexsierebidan asli gadmovitanoT axal saqaRaldeSi. amasTan, am

obieqtis aslis miReba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva saqaRaldeSi manam,

vidre buferul mexsierebaSi ar moxdeba sxva axali obieqtis damaxsovreba.

obieqtis an obieqtTa jgufis gadatana an aslis miReba SeiZleba

ganxorcieldes ramodenime xerxiT:

• menius Edit Copy brZanebiT moniSnuli obieqtis asli gadagvaqvs bufe-

rul mexsierebaSi, xolo menius Edit Cut brZanebiT moniSnuli obieqtis gada-

tana xdeba buferul mexsierebaSi (am dros am obieqtis niSnaki gafermqrTal-

deba, xolo sxva saqaRaldeSi gadatanis Semdeg igi am saqaRaldeSi sul

gaqreba). buferuli mexsierebidan aslis gadmotana axal saqaRaldeSi xdeba

menius Edit Paste brZanebiT;

• instrumentTa panelis Copy ( Cut) RilakiT xdeba moniSnuli

obieqtis aslis miReba (gadatana) buferul mexsierebaSi, xolo Paste

RilakiT – buferuli mexsierebidan aslis gadmotana axal saqaRaldeSi;

• moniSnul obieqtze mausis marjvena klaviSiT gaxsnili konteqsturi

menius Copy (Cut) brZanebiT xdeba moniSnuli obieqtis aslis miReba (gadatana)

buferul mexsierebaSi da axali saqaRaldis cariel adgilze gaxsnili

konteqsturi menius Paste brZanebiT – buferuli mexsierebidan aslis gadmotana

axal saqaRaldeSi;;

• klaviSTa <Ctrl>+<C> kombinaciiT xdeba moniSnuli obieqtis aslis

miReba buferul mexsierebaSi, klaviSTa <Ctrl>+<X> kombinaciiT – gadatana,

xolo <Ctrl>+<V> kombinaciiT – buferuli mexsierebidan aslis gadmotana

axal saqaRaldeSi;

37

• Tu samuSao magidaze erTdroulad gaxsnilia orive – Zveli da axali

saqaRalde, maSin SesaZlebelia es operaciebi CavataroT buferuli mexsierebis

gamoyenebis gareSe mausis gamoyenebiT. amisaTvis, saWiroa mausis maCvenebeli

davayenoT moniSnul obieqtze an moniSnul obieqtTa jgufis erT-erT obieqtze

da mausis marcxena klaviSze xelis auReblad es obieqtebi `gadavaTrioT~

axal saqaRaldeSi. am dros moxdeba gadatanis operaciis Sesruleba. Tu igive

operacias SevasrulebT <Ctrl> klaviSis gamoyenebiT, maSin Sesruldeba aslis

miRebis operacia. Tu am operacias SevasrulebT mausis marjvena klaviSis

saSualebiT, maSin obieqtTa `gadaTrevis~ Semdeg mausis maCveneblis gverdiT

gaCndeba patara fanjara SesaZlo gansaxorcielebeli brZanebebis CamonaTva-

liT. Tu CamonaTvalSi avirCevT brZanebas Move Here – ganxorcieldeba

obieqtis gadatana, Tu avirCevT brZanebas Copy Here – miiReba obieqtis asli,

Tu avirCevT brZanebas Create Shortcuts Here – Seiqmneba moniSnuli obieqtis

iarliyi, xolo Tu gvinda SevwyvitoT dawyebuli operaciis ganxorcieleba

maSin avirCioT brZaneba Cancel;

• wina punqtSi aRwerili meTodis gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT mosaxerxebe-

lia maSin, rodesac fanjaraSi CarTulia failebis menejeri (Explorer) – diskos

saqaRaldeTa `xe~ (sur. 11). am dros mausis saSualebiT obieqti SeiZleba

`gadavaTrioT~ failebis menejeris siaSi arsebul nebismier saqaRaldeSi wina

punqtSi aRwerili wesebis gamoyenebiT, risTvisac mausis maCvenebeli Sesabamis

klaviSze xelis auReblad miviyvanoT saWiro saqaRaldis saxelze;

• gadatanis an aslis miRebis operacia SesaZlebelia agreTve navigaciuri

panelis gamoyenebiT. obieqtTa moniSvnis Semdeg navigaciuri panelis File and

a) b) sur 17. a)Copy Items da b)Move Items fanjarebi

38

39

Folder Tasks velSi obieqtis aslis misaRebad avirCioT brZaneba Copy this folder –

Tu moniSnulia erTi saqaRalde, Copy this file – Tu moniSnulia erTi faili da

Copy the selected items – Tu moniSnulia obieqtTa jgufi. xolo Tu unda ganxor-

cieldes obieqtis gadatanis operacia, maSin Sesabamisad an Move this folder, an

Move this file, an Move the selected items brZaneba. brZanebis arCevis Semdeg gaixsneba

fanjara Copy Items (Move Items) (ix. sur. 17). gaxsnil fanjaraSi avirCioT

saqaRalde an Make New Folder RilakiT SevqmnaT axali saqaRalde, sadac unda

gaigzavnos moniSnuli obieqti da davaWiroT xeli Copy (Move) Rilaks.

4.4.5. obieqtTa gadatana an aslis miReba magnitur diskoze

4.4.4 punqtSi ganxiluli nebismieri wesis gamoyenebiT SeiZleba obieqtis

gadatana an aslis miReba drekad (disketebi) an lazerul (kompaqt-diskebi)

magnitur diskoze. moniSnuli obieqtis an obieqtTa jgufis gagzavna magnitur

diskoebze agreTve SesaZlebelia menius File Send To brZanebis an konteqsturi

menius Send To brZanebis kaskadSi arsebuli 3,5 Floppy (A:) an CD Drive brZanebis

meSveobiT. menius File Send To an konteqsturi menius Send To brZanebiT

SesaZlebelia obieqtTa gagzavna My Documents saqaRaldeSi, eleqtronuli

fostiT (Mail Recipient) an obieqtis iarliyis Seqmna samuSao magidaze (Desktop

(create shortcut)) da sxv. lazerul (kompaqt-diskebi) magnitur diskoze Caweris

SemTxvevaSi jer iqmneba droebiTi saqaRalde Files Ready to Be Written to the CD

saxelwodebiT, xolo Semdeg menius File Write these files to CD an konteqsturi an

navigaciuri menius imave brZanebiT obieqti unda CavweroT kompaqt-diskze.

Caweris procesis SeCereba SesaZlebelia menius File Delete temporary files an

konteqsturi an navigaciuri menius imave brZanebiT. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom

lazerul magnitur diskoze zemoTaRwerili Caweris operacia specialuri

programis gareSe sruldeba mxolod da mxolod Windows XP-Si.

4.4.6. obieqtis saxelis Secvla

saxelis Secvla sasurvelia ganxorcieldes mxolod erTi moniSnuli

obieqtisaTvis (faili an saqaRalde). magram, Tu mainc movindomeT am operaciis

ganxorcieleba ramodenime obieqtisaTvis, maSin zustad Cvens mier miTiTebuli

axali saxeli daerqmeva mxolod erT-erT maTgans, xolo danarCenisaTvis

axali saxelis gverdiT frCxilebSi mieTiTeba maTi rigiTi nomeri. amasTan,

unda gvaxsovdes, rom failis saxelis Secvlis dros ar unda Seicvalos am

failis gafarToeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas problemebi am

failis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT.

obieqtisaTvis saxelis Secvla SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ramdenime xerxiT:

• menius File Rename brZanebiT;

• moniSnul obieqtze gaxsnili konteqsturi menius Rename brZanebiT;

• navigaciuri menius Rename this file an Rename this folder brZanebiT;

• klaviaturis <F2> klaviSis saSualebiT;

• obieqtze didi intervaliT mausiT davawkapunoT orjer.

yoveli zemoT CamoTvlili operaciis ganxorcielebis Semdeg moniSnuli

obieqtis saxeli moTavsdeba CarCoSi da misi saxeli gamuqdeba, romlis Semdeg

klaviaturiT avkriboT obieqtis axali saxeli da davamowmoT <Enter> klaviSis

an mausis maCveneblis fanjris nebismier adgilze dawkapunebis saSualebiT.

4.4.7. obieqtis waSla

moniSnuli obieqtis an obieqtTa jgufis waSla SeiZleba ganxorcieldes

ramodenime xerxiT:

• menius File Delete brZanebiT;

• moniSnul obieqtze gaxsnili konteqsturi menius Delete brZanebiT;

• navigaciuri menius Delete this file an Delete this folder an Delete the selected items

brZanebiT;

• klaviaturis <Del> klaviSis saSualebiT;

• instrumentTa panelis Delete RilakiT;

yoveli zemoT CamoTvlili operaciis ganxorcielebis Semdeg samuSao

magidaze gaixsneba Confirm File Delete fanjara, romelic kidev erTxel amowmebs

Cveni gadawyvetilebis siswores. Tu miRebuli gadawyvetileba ucvlelia maSin

mausi davawkapunoT Yes Rilakze, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi No Rilakze. obieqtis

waSlis Semdeg es obieqti gadainacvlebs sanagve kalaTaSi Recycle Bin, saidanac

SesaZlebelia waSlili obieqtis aRdgena manam, sanam igi ar waiSleba sanagve

kalaTidanac. Tu zemoT aRweril waSlis romelime operacias SevasrulebT

40

<Shift> klaviSis gamoyenebiT, maSin moniSnuli obieqti aRar moTavsdeba sanagve

kalaTaSi da igi saerTod waiSleba kompiuteridan.

obieqtis waSla SesaZlebelia gadatanis operaciis Sesrulebis gziTac,

Tu saqaRaldis saxeli, sadac unda moxdes obieqtis gadatana, iqneba Recycle Bin.

sanagve kalaTidan (Recycle Bin) calkeuli obieqtis aRdgena SesaZlebelia

ramodenime xerxiT, risTvisac gavxsnaT Recycle Bin fanjara da aRsadgeni

obieqtis moniSvnis Semdeg SevasruloT erT-erTi Semdegi brZaneba:

• menius File Restore brZaneba;

• konteqsturi menius Restore brZaneba;

• navigaciuri menius Restore this item an Restore the selected items brZaneba;

• SevasruloT gadatanis operacia sanagve kalaTidan nebismier sxva

saqaRaldeSi.

sanagve kalaTidan calkeuli obieqtis waSla SesaZlebelia zemoT

aRwerili obieqtTa waSlis nebismieri xerxis gamoyenebiT, xolo sanagve

kalaTis mTlianad gasufTaveba SeiZleba menius File Empty Recycle Bin

brZanebiT an konteqsturi menius imave brZanebiT an navigaciuri menius

Empty the Recycle Bin brZanebiT.

4.4.8. obieqtTa arqivireba

arqivireba es aris failebisa da saqaRaldeebis SekumSvis saSualeba,

romlis drosac Zalian mcirdeba

mocemuli obieqtis moculoba. es

xorcieldeba ganmeorebadi

simboloebis jgufis erTi-ori

specialuri simboloTi Secvlis

xarjze. arqivirebis dros

zogierTi obieqtis moculoba

SeiZleba Semcirdes 5-10-jer,

teqstis moculoba mcirdeba 50-

70%-iT, xolo JPG formatis

suraTebi saerTod ar mcirdeba,

radgan isini ukve SekumSuli

formatiTaa warmodgenili. sur 18. Archive name and parameters fanjara

41

obieqtTa arqivireba xSirad saWiroa da mosaxerxebelia magnitur

diskoebze didi moculobis informaciis Casawerad an eleqtronuli fostiT

gadasagzavnad. arqivirebuli faili SeiZleba Seicavdes aramarto erT obieqts,

aramed masSi SeiZleba iyos gaerTianebuli ramodenime obieqti. SezRudva maT

raodenobaze ar arsebobs. arqivirebis Sedegad vRebulobT erTaderT fails.

arqivireba xdeba ori RAR da ZIP formatiT da amasTan sxvadasxva meTodiT,

rac moqmedebs arqivirebuli failis zomaze.

moniSnuli obieqtis arqivireba xdeba menius File Add to archive an

konteqsturi menius imave brZanebiT. am dros gaixsneba Archive name and

parameters fanjara (ix. sur. 18), sadac arqivirebul fails SeiZleba davarqvaT

saxeli da SevurCioT arqivirebis sxvadasxva parametri.

Tu File meniuSi an konteqstur meniuSi avirCevT Add to “Archiv.rar” brZanebas,

maSin arqivirebis programa avtomaturad daarqmevs fails am brZanebaSi

miTiTebul saxelsac da SeurCevs parametrebsac.

arqivireba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes agreTve menius File Send To

Compressed Folder an konteqsturi menius Send To Compressed Folder brZanebiTac.

arqivirebuli failis niSnaki saqaRaldeSi miiRebs Semdeg saxes:

arqivirebuli failis Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSi dasabruneblad saWiroa

Sesruldes menius File Extract files … an File Extract Here an File Extract to

sur 19. Extraction path and options fanjara

42

“Archive” an konteqsturi menius igive brZanebebi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi gaixsneba

damatebiTi Extraction path and options fanjara (sur. 19), sadac unda mieTiTos

saqaRalde romelSic gaixsneba obieqti arqivirebis moxsnis Semdeg. meore

brZanebis SemTxvevaSi obieqtis Cawera moxdeba imave saqaRaldeSi, romelSic

mocemul momentSi imyofeba arqivirebuli obieqti. mesame brZanebis SemTxvevaSi

am saqaRaldeSi Seiqmneba axali saqaRalde brZanebaSive miTiTebuli saxeliT.

Windows XP-Si aris specialurad CaSenebuli programa-arqivatori,

romelic saSualebas iZleva arqivirebul failebTan, maTze mausis maCveneblis

orjer dawkapunebiT gaxsnis Semdeg, vimuSaoT rogorc Cveulebriv failebTan.

SekumSuli dokumenti SeiZleba gaixsnas pirdapir, Windows-i TviTon moaxdens

mis gaSlas droebiT saqaRaldeSi, xolo muSaobis damTavrebis Semdeg isev

moaTavsebs mas arqivSi.

5. marTvis paneli (Control Panel)

marTvis paneli aris operaciuli sistemis Taviseburi makontrolebeli

centri, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia Windows-is nebismieri parametris

Secvla da momarTva.

marTvis panelis Sesabamisi fanjris gaxsna SeiZleba ganxorcieldes

ramodenime xerxiT: My Computer fanjris navigaciuri panelis Other Places

CanarTis Control Panel Rilakis saSualebiT; Windows XP-is sastarto menius

SemTxvevaSi Start Control Panel brZanebiT, xolo klasikuri stilis sastarto

menius SemTxvevaSi Start Settings Control Panel brZanebiT.

a) b) sur 20. a) Tematuri da b) klasikuri marTvis paneli (Control Panel)

43

marTvis paneli SeiZleba iyos ori tipis: Tematuri da klasikuri marTvis

paneli (sur. 20). gaxsnili fanjris navigaciuri panelis Control Panel CanarTSi

Switch to Classic View Rilakze dawkapunebiT Tematuri marTvis paneli Seicvleba

klasikuri paneliT, xolo imave CanarTis Switch to Category View Rilakze

dawkapunebiT klasikuri paneli Seicvleba Tematuri paneliT. Tematuri

marTvis paneli ZiriTadad gankuTvnilia damwyebi momxmareblisaTvis, radganac

Windows-is marTvis mravalricxvovani saSualebani moxerxebuladaa

ganTavsebuli SedarebiT mcirericxvovan kategoriebSi:

– Appearance and Themes – kategoriiT xdeba Windows-is interfeisis

momarTva, samuSao magidis gaformeba, sastarto meniusa da amocanaTa panelis

momarTva da sxv;

– Network and Internet Connections – internetis CarTvisa da lokaluri

qselis parametrebis momarTva;

– Add or Remove Programs – programebisa da TviT Windows-is calkeuli

komponentebis dayeneba da waSla;

– Sounds, Speeth, and Audio Devices – xmis, xmovani gaformebisa da audio

parametrebis momarTva da Secvla;

– Performance and Maintenance – kompiuteris konfiguraciis monacemebis

daTvaliereba, diskoze adgilebis gamonTavisufleba, monacemTa sarezervo

aslis miReba, agreTve myari diskos Semcvelobis optimizacia;

– Printers and Other Hardware – kompiuteris gare mowyobilobebis:

printeri, skaneri, klaviatura, mausi, cifruli kamera, modemi – CarTvisa da

marTvis parametrebis momarTva;

– User Accounts – Windows-is mravalmomxmareblian reJimSi muSaobis

parametrebis momarTva da momxmarebelTa konfiguraciebis marTva;

– Date, Time, Language and Regional Options – TariRis, drois, enobrivi da

regionaluri parametrebis momarTva;

– Accessibility Options – daqveiTebuli mxedvelobis, moZraobis da sxva

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone momxmarebelTaTvis sistemis parametrebis

momarTva;

44

– Security Center – sistemis avtomaturi ganaxlebis, brauzer Internet

Explorer-isa da sistemis dacvis sxva parametrebis momarTva.

aseTi marTvis panelis TiToeuli kategoria saSualebas iZleva ramodenime

operacia Sesruldes nabij-nabij erTianad. magram gamocdili momxmarebeli

albaT upiratesobas mianiWebs marTvis panelis klasikur stils.

klasikuri stilis marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi TiToeuli niSnaki

gansazRvravs mxolod erT romelime operacias:

– Accessibility Options – daqveiTebuli mxedvelobis, moZraobis da sxva

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone momxmarebelTaTvis sistemis parametrebis

momarTva;

– Add Hardware – axali mowyobilobis damatebis niSnakis saSualebiT

gaiSveba axali mowyobilobis dayenebis ostati, romelic amowmebs axali,

Windows-is mier jer kidev amoucnobi mowyobilobis arsebobas da iwvevs misi

Sesabamisi draiverebis dayenebas sistemaSi;

– Add or Remove Programs – programis damatebisa da waSlis niSnakis

saSualebiT momxmarebels saSualeba eZleva Windows-is nebismieri komponentis

damateba an waSla, agreTve axali programis dayeneba an arsebulis waSla;

– Administrative Tools – sistemis administratoris instrumentuli

saSualebebis momarTva da dayeneba;

– Automatic Updates – internetidan Windows-is avtomaturi ganaxlebis

parametrebis momarTva;

– Date and Time – zusti drois, TariRisa da kviris dRis dayeneba;

– Display – ekranis parametrebis momarTva, samuSao magidis fonisa da

dasvenebis reJimebis (damcavi farda) SerCeva, ekranuli Temisa da interfeisis

SerCeva;

– Folder Options – Windows-is standartuli fanjrebisa da

saqaRaldeebis parametrebis momarTva;

– Fonts – mocemul sistemaSi arsebuli Sriftebis (fontebis)

daTvaliereba, waSla da axlis damateba;

45

– Game Controllers – specialuri saTamaSo manipulatorebis (joistiki

da sxva) parametrebis momarTva;

– Internet Options – internetis gverdebis daTvalierebis programa

brauzeris Internet Explorer-is momarTva;

– Keyboard – klaviaturis (klaviSze daWerisa da simbolos gameorebis

siCqare, romelzec reagirebs kompiuteri) parametrebis momarTva;

– Mail – eleqtronuli fostis parametrebis momarTva;

– Mouse – mausis parametrebis (klaviSebis daniSnuleba, orjer

dawkapunebis siCqare, maCveneblebis formis SerCeva da sxva) momarTva;

– Network Connections – internetTan da lokalur qselSi muSaobis

parametrebis momarTva;

– Network Setup Wizard – internetTan da lokalur qselSi muSaobis

parametrebis momarTvis ostati;

– Phone and Modem Options –telefonisa da modemis parametrebis

momarTva;

– Power Options – ekranis Caqrobis reJimis momarTva da sistemis

xangrZlivi mocdenis dros eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis ekonomiuri reJimis

dayeneba;

– Printers and Faxes – printerisa da faqs-modemis mierTeba da maTi

parametrebis momarTva;

– Regional and Language Options – regionaluri da enobrivi

parametrebis (ricxvebis Caweris wesis, fuladi erTeulis mniSvnelobis,

TariRisa da drois Caweris wesebis da sxv.) momarTva;

– Scanners and Cameras – mierTebuli skanerisa da cifruli kameris

parametrebis momarTva;

– Scheduled Tasks – davalebis damgegmavi. am saqaRaldeSi SeiZleba

davamatoT im programaTa iarliyebi, romelTa gaSveba moxdeba avtomaturad

momxmareblis mier miTiTebul dros;

46

– Security Center – sistemis avtomaturi ganaxlebis, brauzer Internet

Explorer-isa da sistemis dacvis sxva parametrebis momarTva.

– Sounds and Audio Devices – sxvadasxva sistemuri moqmedebebisaTvis

(fanjrebis gaxsna da daxurva, Windows-is CatvirTva da Windows-idan gamosvla,

sxvadasxva Secdoma da sxva) gansazRvruli xmovani Setyobinebis dayeneba,

multimedea-mowyobilobebis momarTva;

– Speech – informaciis xmovani Setanisa da xmovani brZanebis

parametrebis momarTva, agreTve teqstis xmad gardaqmna;

– System – am niSnakis saSualebiT momxmarebels saSualeba eZleva

gaecnos kompiuteris konfiguracias, Seamowmos, ramdenad koreqtulad muSaobs

esa Tu is mowyobiloba, moxdes draiverebis ganaxleba. aqve aris SesaZlebeli,

raime uwesivrobis SemTxvevaSi konfiguraciis aRdgenis marTva;

– Taskbar and Start Menu – amocanaTa panelisa da sastarto menius

garegnuli saxis parametrebis momarTva;

– Windows Firewall – informacia kompiuteris usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb da

misi dacvis parametrebis momarTva;

– User Accounts – operaciuli sistemis mravalmomxmareblian reJimSi

muSaobis parametrebis (TiToeuli individualuri konfiguraciis Seqmna,

calkeuli momxmareblisaTvis parolis dayeneba da sxv.) momarTva.

zemoT CamoTvlili niSnakebis garda droTa ganmavlobaSi marTvis panelze

SeiZleba gaCndes sxva axali niSnakebi – zogierTi programebis an

mowyobilobebis parametrebis niSnakebi.

qvemoT ganvixiloT zogierTi maTgani.

5.1. Windows-is interfeisis momarTva

Windows XP-is interfeisis upiratesoba misi Secvlisa da momarTvis

instrumentebis simravleSi mdgomareobs. momxmarebels saSualeba eZleva

interfeisi, samuSao magida da fanjrebi moawyos Tavisi survilis mixedviT.

47

am funqciis Sesruleba SesaZlebelia marTvis panelis fanjaraSi –

Appearance and Themes Display (Tematuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) an

Display (klasikuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) – niSnakze mausiT orjer

dawkapunebiT an samuSao magidis cariel adgilze gaxsnili konteqsturi

menius Properties brZanebiT. ekranze gaixsneba Display Properties fanjris Themes

(Tema) CanarTi (sur. 21).

Tema es aris kompiuteris gaformebis yvela elementi (ekranis foni,

damcavi farda, mausis kursori, fonuri musika da sxva) gaerTianebuli raime

Tematikis mixedviT.

gaxsnili fanjris Themes

(Tema) CanarTis Theme

CamonaTvalSi SegviZlia SevarCioT

CvenTvis sasurveli ekranuli Tema:

48

• My Current Theme – Cemi

mimdinare Tema

• Windows Classic – Windows-is

ekranuli klasikuri Tema;

• Windows XP – Windows XP-is

ekranuli Tema;

• More themes online ... –

ekranuli Temebi, romlebic

SeiZleba moiZebnos internetis

saSualebiT;

• Browse ... – kompiuteris sxva

saqaRaldeebSi arsebuli ekranuli Temebis moZebna.

sur 21. Display Properties fanjris Themes CanarTi

sasurveli ekranuli Temis SerCevis Semdeg mausi davawkapunoT OK

Rilakze, Tu mocemul fanjarasTan davamTavreT muSaoba an Apply Rilakze, Tu

mocemul fanjarasTan isev vagrZelebT muSaobas.

5.1.1. ekranis fonis SerCeva

ekranis fonis SerCeva xdeba imave Display Properties fanjris Desktop

(samuSao magida) CanarTis (sur. 22) saSualebiT. mocemuli CanarTis Background

velSi mausisa da gadafurcvlis zolis daxmarebiT unda moxdes Sesabamisi

suraTis SerCeva da moniSvna. ris

Semdegac, moniSnuli suraTi

ganTavsdeba mocemul fanjraSi

gamosaxul monitorze. arCeuli su-

raTi ekranze SeiZleba ganTavsdes

ekranis centrSi, mozaikurad an

gadaiWimos mTel ekranze, rac

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes Position

CamoSladi velis saSualebiT. am

velis marjvena mxares moTavsebul

isarze mausis dawkapunebiT,

CamoiSleba sia: Center (centri) – am

dros suraTi moTavsdeba ekranis

centrSi, xolo mis garSemo

moTavsdeba Color velSi SerCeuli

fonis feri, Tile (mozaikuri) – am dros ekrani mTlianad daifareba SerCeuli

suraTis ramodenime asliT da Stretch (gadaWimuli) – am dros ekrani mTlianad

daifareba SerCeuli suraTiT.

sur 22. Display Properties fanjris Desktop CanarTi

Tu Background velSi arCeuli

iqneba (None) striqoni, maSin Color

velSi SeiZleba SeirCes sasurveli

fonis feri, xolo Browse ... Rilakis

saSualebiT movZebnoT kompiuteris

sxva saqaRaldeebSi arsebuli suraTebi

da gadmovitanoT ekranis fonad.

49

5.1.2. samuSao magidis momarTva

samuSao magidis momarTva xdeba

imave Display Properties fanjris Desktop

(samuSao magida) CanarTis (sur. 22)

saSualebiT, oRond am dros mausi

unda davawkapunoT Customize Desktop ...

Rilakze, ris Semdegadac gaixsneba Desktop Items fanjara (sur. 23).

sur 23. Desktop Items fanjara

Windows XP-is samuSao magida, Tavisi winamorbedebisagan gansxvavebiT

Tavdapirvelad carielia da masze imyofeba mxolod Recycle Bin (sanagve

kalaTa) niSnaki. gaxsnili Desktop Items fanjaris General CanarTis Desktop icons

velSi mausis saSualebiT movniSnoT samuSao magidaze gansaTavsebeli CvenTvis

saWiro niSnakebi:

• My Computer (Cemi kompiuteri) – yvelaze mTavari niSnaki, romlis

daxmarebiTac Cven SegviZlia mivmarToT kompiuteris gare mexsierebasa da

marTvis panels. sasurvelia misi moniSvna;

• My Documents (Cemi dokumentebi) – momxmareblis mier dokumentebis

Sesanaxad Seqmnili specialuri saqaRalde;

• My Network Places (qseluri garemocva) – lokalur qselSi CarTul yvela

kompiuterTan kavSiris damyarebis programa. Tu mocemuli kompiuteri

CarTulia lokalur qselSi, maSin es niSnaki aucileblad unda moiniSnos;

• Internet Explorer (internetSi muSaobis brauzeri) Tu mocemuli

kompiuteri CarTulia internetSi, maSin es niSnakic aucileblad unda

moiniSnos.

aRniSnuli velis qvemoT moTavsebuli velisa

da Change Icon ... Rilakis daxmarebiT SesaZlebelia

SevcvaloT am velSi moniSnuli obieqtis

niSnakebi. am dros gaixsneba Change Icon fanjara

(sur. 24), romlis Select an icon from the list below

velSi unda SevarCioT sasurveli niSnaki da

davawkapunoT OK Rilakze, xolo Restore Default

Rilakis saSualebiT SeiZleba am niSnakebs

davubrunoT sawyisi saxe.

mocemuli Desktop Items fanjaris General

CanarTis Desktop cleanup (samuSao magidis

gasufTaveba) velSi Tu mausis saSualebiT movniSnavT Run Desktop Cleanup Wizard

every 60 days vels, maSin yovel 60 dReSi erTxel moxdeba gamouyenebeli

elementebis gadatana specialur saqaRaldeSi, xolo Clean Desktop Now Rilakis

daxmarebiT SesaZlebelia samuSao magidis gasufTaveba mocemul momentSi. am

dros moxdeba Desktop Cleanup Wizard (samuSao magidis gasufTavebis ostati)

gaxsna da misi saSualebiT unda moxdes gadasatani obieqtebis SerCeva.

sur 24. Change Icon fanjra

50

5.1.3. ekranis damcavi fardis SerCeva

ekranis damcavi farda, ekranis dasvenebis reJimi an `sqrinseiveri~

mogvevlina jer kidev Windows-is Seqmnamde operaciuli sistrema DOS-is dros.

ukanaskneli oci wlis manZilze `mfrinavi varskvlavebi~ gardaiqmna namdvil

animaciur filmebad. damcavi farda kompiuteris mocdenis SemTxvevaSi

garkveuli drois Semdeg gamoCndeba ekranze da muSaobs manam, vidre ar

SevexebiT klaviaturas an mauss.

damcavi fardis SerCeva da misi

parametrebis momarTva xdeba imave

Display Properties fanjris Screen Saver

(damcavi farda) CanarTis (sur. 25)

saSualebiT. mocemuli CanarTis

Screen Saver velSi mausisa da

CamoSlis isris daxmarebiT unda

moxdes Sesabamisi damcavi fardis

SerCeva da moniSvna. damcavi fardis

CamonaTvalSi gvxvdeba 3D FloweBox

(samganzomilebiani yvavilebis yu-

Ti), 3D Flying Objects (samganzomile-

biani mfrinavi obieqti), 3D Pipes

(samganzomilebiani arxebi), 3D Text

(samganzomilebiani teqsti), Beziers

(`bezieri~), Blank (`Savi farda~),

Marquee (morbenali striqoni), My Pictures Slideshow (Cemi suraTebis slaidebi),

Mystify (mistifikacia), Starfield (`varskvlavebis veli~), Windows XP (Windows XP-is

logo). maT Soris gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargebloben 3D Text

(samganzomilebiani teqsti), Marquee (morbenali striqoni) da My Pictures

Slideshow (Cemi suraTebis slaidebi). xolo Wait velSi unda davayenoT

kompiuteris mocdenis dro, romlis Semdegac unda CairTos damcavi farda.

sur 25. Display Properties fanjris Screen Saver CanarTi

zemoT CamoTvlil yvela damcav fardas aqvs sxvadasxva parametrebi,

romelTa momarTva SesaZlebelia damcavi fardis arCevis Semdeg Setting

Rilakis saSualebiT. miRebuli Sedegis daTvaliereba SeiZleba Preview

RilakiT.

51

miRebuli gadawyvetileba unda davamowmoT OK RilakiT, Tu mocemul

fanjarasTan davamTavreT muSaoba an Apply RilakiT, Tu mocemul fanjarasTan

isev vagrZelebT muSaobas.

5.1.4. fanjris gaformebis parametrebis momarTva

fanjris gaformebis paramet-

rebis momarTva xdeba Display

Properties fanjris Appearance

(xedi) CanarTis (sur. 26)

saSualebiT. mocemuli CanarTis

Windows and buttons velSi mausisa

da CamoSlis isris daxmarebiT

unda moxdes Sesabamisad fanjrisa

da Rilakebis klasikuri Windows-

is an Windows XP-is stilis

SerCeva da moniSvna. Sesabamisad

Color scheme velSi pirvel

SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebloba gvaqvs

avirCioT ocdaori sxvadasxva

variantidan erT-erTi, xolo

meore SemTxvevaSi lurji, mwvane

an vercxlisferi fanjara da Rilakebi. Font size velSi xdeba Sriftis zomebis

sami variantidan (Normal – normaluri, Large Fonts – didi, Extra Large Fonts –

Zalian didi) erT-erTis SerCeva.

sur 26. Display Properties fanjris Appearance CanarTi

Tu gvsurs movmarToT fanjrisa da Rilakebis TiToeuli elementis

calkeuli parametri, maSin mausiT davawkapunoT Advanced Rilakze, romlis

Semdegac gaixsneba Advanced Appearance damatebiTi fanjara (sur. 27). am fanjris

Item velSi SegviZlia avarCioT fanjris an Rilakis romelime elementi da mis

gaswvriv mdebare Size, Color 1 da Color 2 velebis daxmarebiT SevcvaloT maTi

zomebi da feri, xolo Font velisa da mis gaswvriv mdebare Size, Color velebisa

da B da I Rilakebis saSualebiT Sesabamisad maTze gakeTebuli warwerebis

Srifti, Sriftis zoma, feri, simuqe da daxriloba.

52

Tu gvsurs fanjrebsa da

Rilakebze calkeuli efeqtebis

(samuSao magidaze obieqtebi

warmodgenili iyos didi niSnakebiT

an niSnakebis qveS warwerebi Candes

CrdilebiT da sxva) ganxorcielebis

mizniT mausiT davawkapunoT Effects …

Rilakze, romlis drosac gaixsneba

Effects fanjara (sur. 28), sadac

Sesabamisi velebis moniSvnis Semdeg

Cvens arCevans davadasturebT OK

Rilakis saSualebiT.

sur 27. Advanced Appearance fanjara

5.1.5. ekranis parametrebis momarTva

mas Semdeg, rac pirvelad Seiqmneba

samuSao magida, ekranis parametrebis

momarTvis operacia mainc unda

Sesruldes. es operacia monitorTan

muSaobis dros uzrunvelyofs

momxmareblis vizualur komforts, rac

niSnavs, rom:

53

• gamosaxuleba ekranze unda iyos

mkveTri da kontrastuli;

• niSnakebi arc Zalian didi da arc Zalian patara;

sur 28. Effects fanjara

• samuSao magidis farTobi unda iyos sakmaod didi axali iarliyebisa da

niSnakebis gansaTavseblad;

• monitors unda hqondes ekranis ganaxlebis sakmaod maRali sixSire

(Refresh) raTa TvalebisaTvis Tavidan iqnas acilebuli ekranis damRleli

cimcimi.

aqedan gamomdinare unda moxdes ekranis Semdegi ZiriTadi parametrebis

momarTva – ekranis amoxsnadobis maCvenebeli da ferTa raodenoba, agreTve

ekranis ganaxlebis sixSire.

am parametrebis momarTva xdeba Display Properties fanjris Settings

(parametrebi) CanarTis (sur. 29)

saSualebiT. dasawyisisaTvis SeiZ-

leba arCeul iqnas ekranis amoxs-

nadobis `standartuli~ maCvene-

beli, romlis mniSvneloba damoki-

debulia ekranis zomaze:

54

• 15-diumiani monitorisaTvis

– 800X600 wertili;

• 17-diumiani monitorisaTvis

– 1024X768 wertili;

• 19-diumiani monitorisaTvis

– 1280X1024 wertili.

Tu aRniSnuli maCvenebeli ar

akmayofilebs momxmarebels, maSin

misi Secvla SesaZlebelia Screen

resolution velSi isris gadaadgilebiT mausis saSualebiT Sesabamisad Less

(naklebi) an More (meti) mimarTulebiT.

sur 29. Display Properties fanjris Setting CanarTi

Semdegi nabiji aris im maqsimaluri ferebis raodenobis gansazRvra,

romlis Cvenebasac SeZlebs monitori.

am parametris SerCeva SesaZlebelia

Color quality velSi. es raodenoba

SeiZleba iyos 8 bit, 16 bit, 24 bit, 32 bit,

rac 256, 65 536, 16 777 216 da 4 294 967 296

fers Seesabameba.

monitoris ekranze suraTebis

ganaxlebis sixSiris (Refresh Rate)

momarTvis mizniT mausi davawkapunoT

Advanced Rilakze, romlis Semdegac

gaixsneba Sesabamisi parametrebis

momarTvis damatebiTi fanjara (sur.

30). am fanjris Monitor setting velis

Screen refresh rate CamoSlad fanjaraSi

CamoSlili siidan unda moxdes saWiro

sur 30. monitoris ekranze suraTebis ganaxlebis sixSiris parametrebis momarTvis

fanjara

sixSiris SerCeva. ekranze suraTebis ganaxlebis sixSire minimum unda

Seadgendes 85 hercs – anu ekranze gamosaxuleba unda icvlebodes wamSi 85-

jer.

5.2. amocanaTa panelisa da sastarto menius momarTva

amocanaTa panelisa da sastarto menius momarTva SesaZlebelia marTvis

panelis fanjaraSi Appearance and Themes – Taskbar and Start Menu

(Tematuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) an – Taskbar and Start Menu (klasiku-

ri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) – niSnakze mausiT orjer dawkapunebiT an

klasikuri sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi Start Setting Taskbar and Start Menu

brZanebiT an amocanaTa panelis cariel adgilze gaxsnili konteqsturi menius

Properties brZanebiT. ekranze gaixsneba Taskbar and Start Menu Properties fanjris

Taskbar CanarTi (sur. 31).

sur 31. Taskbar and Start Menu Properties fanjris Taskbar da Start Menu CanarTi

am CanarTis Taskbar appearance velis Lock the taskbar punqtis moniSvnis

moxsniT CairTveba amocanaTa panelis Semadgeneli nawilebis gamyofi zolebi,

romlis gadaadgilebiTac SeiZleba SevcvaloT am nawilebis zomebi; Auto-hide

the taskbar punqtis moniSvniT CairTveba amocanaTa panelis avtomaturi damalvis

reJimi; Keep the taskbar on top of other windows punqtis moniSvniT CairTveba

55

amocanaTa panelis gaxsnili fanjriT argadafarvis reJimi; Group similar taskbar

buttons punqtis moniSvniT CairTveba gaxsnili

erTnairi tipis fanjrebis Sesabamisi

Rilakebis erT Rilakad gaerTianebis reJimi

da Show Quick Launch punqtis moniSvniT

amocanaTa panelze gamoCndeba swrafi

gaSvebis paneli. swrafi gaSvebis paneli

agreTve SeiZleba CairTos amocanaTa panelis

Tavisufal adgilze mausis marjvena

klaviSiT gaxsnili konteqsturi menius

Toolbars Quick Launch brZanebis saSualebiT.

amave CanarTis Notification area velis Show

the clock punqtis moniSvniT sacnobaro velSi

(tray) CairTveba sistemuri drois saaTi,

xolo Hide inactive icons punqtis moniSvniT ki daimaleba imave sacnobaro velSi

ganTavsebuli araaqtiuri programebis niSnakebi. rodesac aRniSnuli reJimi

aris CarTuli, maSin Sesabamisad gaaqtiurebuli iqneba mis gaswvriv

moTavsebuli Customize ... Rilaki. Tu am Rilakze mausiT davawkapunebT, maSin

gaixsneba Customize Notifications damatebiTi fanjara (sur. 32), romlis

saSualebiTac SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT sacnobaro velSi gansaTavsebel

programaTa niSnakebi.

sur 33. Customize Notifications fanjara

a) b) sur 32. Customize Start Menu fanjris a)General da b)Advanced CanarTi

56

Tu Taskbar and Start Menu Properties fanjraSi gavxsniT Start Menu CanarTs

(sur. 31), maSin Sesabamisi gadamrTvelis saSualebiT SeiZleba momxmarebelma

SearCios Start Menu – Windows XP-is sastarto meniudan an Classic Start Menu –

Windows-is klasikuri sastarto meniudan erT-erTi.

Tu momxmarebeli SearCevs Windows XP-

is sastarto menius, maSin Sesabamisi

Customize ... Rilakis saSualebiT gaixsneba

Customize Start Menu damatebiTi fanjara

(sur. 33). am fanjris General da Advanced

CanarTebis saSualebiT SeiZleba

Seicvalos sastarto menius niSnakebis

sidide (Large icons da Small icons), sastarto

meniuSi ganTavsebuli programaTa dasaxe-

lebaTa raodenoba, sastarto menius marj-

vena svetSi ganTavsebuli Rilakebi da sxva.

Tu momxmarebeli SearCevs Windows-is

klasikur sastarto menius, maSin

Sesabamisi Customize ... Rilakis saSualebiT gaixsneba Customize Classic Start Menu

damatebiTi fanjara (sur. 34).

sur 34. Customize Classic Start Menu fanjara

Tu momxmarebls esaWiroeba iarliyis Camateba sastarto menius romelime

kaskadSi, maSin mausiT unda davawkapunoT Add ... Rilakze. am dros gaixsneba

Creat Shortcut damatebiTi fanjara (sur. 35 a), romlis Type the location of the item

fanjaraSi unda SevitanoT Sesabamisi programis zusti misamarTi an

davawkapunoT Browse ... Rilakze. am dros gaixsneba Browse For Folder fanjara

(sur. 36). misi saSualebiT SesaZlebelia kompiuterSi moiZebnos saWiro

obieqti, romlis OK Rilakze dawkapunebis Semdeg Creat Shortcut fanjaraSi

CairTveba <Back da Next> Rilakebi. Next> Rilakze dawkapunebiT gaixsneba Select

Program Folder fanjara (sur. 35 b), romlis Select a folder to place this shortcut in

fanjaraSi unda SeirCes sastarto menius romelime kaskadi, sadac moxdeba

iarliyis Camateba. Tu momxmarebels esaWiroeba am obieqtis calke axal

saqaRaldeSi Casma, maSin xeli unda davaWiroT New Folder ... Rilaks. Next>

Rilakze dawkapunebiT gaixsneba Select a Title for the Program fanjara (sur. 35 g),

romlis Type a name for this shortcut fanjaraSi gamonaTdeba iarliyis saxeli,

57

romlis Secvlis uflebac aqvs momxmarebels da Finish Rilakze mausiT

dawkapunebis Sedegad moxdeba axali iarliyis Camateba sastarto meniuSi.

Tu momxmarebls esaWiroeba iarliyis amoReba sastarto menius romelime

a)

b)

g)

sur 35. sastarto meniuSi programaTa iarliyebis Camatebis dros gaxsnili fanjrebi

a) Create Sortcut b) Select ProgramFolder g) Select a Title for the Program fanjrebi

58

kaskadidan, maSin mausiT unda davawkapunoT Remove ... Rilakze. am dros

gaixsneba Remove Shortcuts/Folders damatebiTi fanjara (sur. 37), romlis velSic

unda SevarCioT Sesabamisi iarliyis zusti

adgilmdebareoba sastarto meniuSi da

davawkapunoT Remove Rilakze.

Tu momxmarebeli mausiT daawkapunebs

Advanced Rilakze, maSin ekranze gaixsneba

failebis menejeri (Explorer) – diskos

saqaRaldeTa `xe~, romlis marjvena nawilSi

ganTavsebuli iqneba sastarto meniuSi

Setanili saqaRaldeebisa da failebis

iarliyebis CamonaTvali.

sur 36. Browse For Folder fanjara

Tu momxmarebeli mausiT daawkapunebs Sort Rilakze, maSin moxdeba

sastarto meniuSi ganTavsebuli iarliyebis

dalageba anbanis mixedviT.

Tu momxmarebeli mausiT daawkapunebs

Clear Rilakze, maSin moxdeba sastarto

menius Documents jgufSi bolo im 15

dokumentis siis, romelTanac imuSaves

momxmareblebma – amoReba am siidan. xolo

imave fanjris Advanced Start menu options velis

saSualebiT SesaZlebelia sastarto meniuSi

CavamatoT an meniudan amoviRoT programebis

sxvadasxva jgufi an SevcvaloT sastarto

menius romelime maxasiaTebeli.

sur. 37. Remove Shortcuts/Folders fanjara

5.3. programebis dayeneba da waSla

programebisa da TviT Windows-is calkeuli komponenetebis dayeneba da

waSla SesaZlebelia marTvis panelis fanjris – Add or Remove Programs

(Tematuri da klasikuri marTvis panelebis SemTxvevaSi) – niSnakze mausiT

orjer dawkapunebiT, romlis Sedegadac ekranze gaixsneba Add or Remove

Programs fanjara (sur. 38).

59

sur. 38. Add or Remove Programs fanjris Change or Remove Programs CanarTi

programis dayeneba (anu instalacia) – es ar aris failis ubralo

kopireba myar magnitur diskoze, aramed unda moxdes am programis integracia

(danergva, mibma) operaciuli sistemisa da gamoyenebiTi programebis erTian

sistemaSi.

programaTa dayeneba (instalacia) da waSla (deinstalacia) – es

operaciebi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc TviT Windows-is komponentebze,

aseve am operaciuli sistemis damatebiTi programebisaTvis.

mocemul fanjaras aqvs oTxi CanarTi:

sur. 39. Add or Remove Programs fanjris Add New Programs CanarTi

• pirveli maTgani – Change or Remove Programs (programebis Secvla an waSla)

saSualebas aZlevs momxmarebels Secvalos kompiuterSi arsebuli programa

sxva versiiT an waSalos igi (sur. 38). am moqmedebis Sesasruleblad Currently

60

installed programs velSi unda SevarCioT Sesabamisi programa da Change/Remove

Rilakze mausis dawkapunebiT daiwyeba deinstalaciis procesi;

61

• meore aris Add New Programs (axali programis dayeneba) CanarTi (sur. 39).

igi saSualebas iZleva ganvaxorcieloT axali programis instalacia an

movaxdinoT Windows programis ganaxleba da misi calkeuli komponentebis

dayeneba. axali programis instalaciisaTvis mausis CD or Floppy Rilakze

dawkapunebis Semdeg CavdoT disko Sesabamis mowyobilobaSi da daiwyeba

programis instalacia. xolo Windows programis ganaxlebisa da misi calkeuli

komponentebis dayenebis mizniT mausi unda davawkapunoT Windows Update

Rilakze;

sur. 40. Windows Components Wizard fanjara

• mesame Add/Remove Windows Components (Windows-is komponentebis damateba an

waSla) CanarTis arCevis SemTxvevaSi gaixsneba damatebiTi Windows Components

Wizard fanjara (sur. 40), sadac Components velSi gamoCndeba Windows-is

komponentebis sia. is komponentebi, romelic ukve dayenebulia kompiuterSi

aris moniSnuli TeTr kvadratSi, romelic ar aris sistemaSi maT win aris

moTavsebuli carieli kvadrati, xolo ruxi feris kvadratSi moniSnuli

srulad ar aris dayenebuli sistemaSi (TiToeuli komponenti Sedgeba araerTi

programisagan). Tu mausiT davawkapunebT Details Rilakze, maSin ekranze

gaixsneba damatebiTi fanjara, sadac CamoTvlili iqneba mocemul komponentSi

Semavali programebi.

62

• meoTxe Set Program Access and Defaults (programebisa da maTze mimarTvis

SerCeva gaCumebis principiT) CanarTis SemTxvevaSi (sur. 41), Choose a confiquration

velSi unda SeirCes momxmareblisaTvis misaRebi sxvadasxva operaciebis

gansaxorcielebeli programebi gaCumebis principiT. magaliTad, internetSi,

eleqtronul fostasTan samuSao programebi da sxva.

sur. 41. Add or Remove Programs fanjris Set Program Access and

Defaults CanarTi

5.4. zusti droisa da TariRis dayeneba

zusti droisa da TariRis dayeneba SesaZlebelia marTvis panelis

fanjris – Date, Time, Language, and Regional Options – Date and Time

(Tematuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) an – Date and Time (klasikuri

marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) niSnakze an amocanaTa panelze arsebul sistemur

saaTze mausiT orjer dawkapunebiT an sistemur saaTze mausis marjvena

klaviSiT gaxsnili konteqsturi menius Adjust Date/Time brZanebiT, romlis

Sedegadac ekranze gaixsneba Date and Time Properties fanjris Date&Time CanarTi

(sur. 42). am CanarTis Date velSi SeiZleba mimdinare TariRis, xolo Time

velSi drois dayeneba.

meore Time Zone CanarTis saSualebiT SeiZleba SeirCes is droiTi

sartyeli, romelsac miekuTvneba momxmareblis qalaqi. saqarTvelosaTvis es

aris kavkasiis standartuli dro (+4 saaTi grinviCis drosTan mimarTebaSi),

Tumca momxmarebels SeuZlia airCios nebismieri sartyeli.

63

Windows XP-Si wina versiebisagan gansxvavebiT daemata mesame – Internet Time

CanarTi, romlis daxmarebiTac momxmarebels SeuZlia Tavisi saaTis

maCvenebeli Seadaros internetSi korporacia Microsoft-is serveris misamarTze

time.windows.com an aSS-s mTavrobis serveris misamarTze time.nist.gov dros. es

operacia Sesruldeba avtomaturad kviraSi erTxel da sistemuri saaTis

Cveneba Sedardeba internetSi, specialur serverze ganTavsebuli `atomuri~

saaTis Cvenebas Tu moniSnulia punqti Automatically synchronize with an Internet time

server. momxmarebels igive SeuZlia ganaxorcielos nebismier, TavisTvis

sasurvel dros, risTvisac mausiT unda daawkapunos Update Now Rilakze.

sur. 42. Date and Time Properties fanjris Date&Time da Time Zone CanarTebi

5.5. Windows-is standartuli fanjrebisa da saqaRaldeebis

parametrebis momarTva

Windows-is standartuli fanjrebisa da saqaRaldeebis parametrebis

momarTva SesaZlebelia marTvis panelis fanjris – Appearance and Themes

– Folder Options (Tematuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) an – Folder

Options (klasikuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) niSnakze mausiT orjer

dawkapunebiT an gaxsnili fanjris menius Tools Folder Options ... brZanebiT,

romlis Sedegadac ekranze gaixsneba Folder Options fanjris General CanarTi

(sur. 43). mocemuli CanarTi moicavs

sam vels: Tasks velSi gadamrTvelis

saSualebiT SeiZleba gaixsnas

fanjara navigaciuri paneliT an

klasikuri saxiT; meore Browse folders

velSi gadamrTvelis daxmarebiT

SeiZleba CairTos reJimi, rodesac

yoveli momdevno saqaRaldis

SigTavsi aisaxeba erTidaimave

fanjaraSi, an yoveli

saqaRaldisaTvis gaixsneba axali

fanjara da mesame Click items as follows

velis saSualebiT ganisazRvreba

obieqtis mausiT gaxsnis reJimi.

momxmarebels SeuZlia obieqti

gaxsnas an gauSvas Sesrulebaze am

obieqtis niSnakze mausis erTxel dawkapunebiT (am SemTxvevaSi obieqtis

moniSvna xdeba masze ubralod mausis maCveneblis miyvaniT) an orjer

dawkapunebiT.

sur. 43. Folder Options fanjris General

Folder Options fanjris View CanarTis

(sur. 44) Advanced settings velSi sxvada-

sxva funqciaTa moniSvnis saSualebiT

SeiZleba CairTos failebisa da saqaRal-

deTa warmodgenis sxvadasxva reJimebi:

failTa dasaxelebaSi Candes failis ga-

farToeba, daimalos daculi sistemuri

failebi, Candes an daimalos dafaruli

obieqtebi, marTvis paneli Candes an ar

Candes fanjaraSi My Computer da sxva.

da bolos mesame File Types CanarTi,

momxmarebels warmoudgens Windows-Si

daregistrirebuli yvela tipis failebis

sias da informacias, Tu saxeldobr,

romeli programa gamoiyeneba maT sur. 44. Folder Options fanjris View CanarTi

64

dasaTvaliereblad da redaqtirebisaTvis. principSi, did sirTules ar

warmoadgens am parametrebis Secvla, magram amis gakeTeba, gansakuTrebiT

axalbedebisaTvis, ar aris rekomendebuli.

5.6. Sriftebis instalacia

mocemul sistemaSi arsebuli Sriftebis (fontebis) daTvaliereba, waSla

da axlis damateba (instalacia) SeiZleba ganxorcieldes marTvis panelis

fanjris – Fonts (klasikuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) niSnakze mausiT

orjer dawkapunebiT an My Computer fanjris C:\ diskos Windows saqaRaldis

Fonts qvesaqaRaldis gaxsniT. am dros ekranze gaixsneba Fonts fanjara (sur. 45).

axali Sriftebis dayeneba mxolod Sriftebis gadmoweriT ar Semoifargleba.

amisaTvis saWiroa gamoviyenoT menius File Install New Font ... brZaneba. gaixsneba

Add Fonts damatebiTi fanjara (sur. 46). gaxsnili fanjris Drives velSi unda

SeirCes im mowyobilobis saxeli, romelSic Cawerilia dasayenebeli Sriftebi,

xolo Folders velSi ki saqaRaldis saxeli. am dros List of fonts velSi

sur. 45. Fonts fanjara

65

gamoCndeba saqaRaldeSi Cawerili Sriftebis dasaxeleba.

saWiro Sriftebis amorCeva

da moniSvna SeiZleba

ganxorcieldes zemoT aRwerili

wesis mixedviT (ix. punqti 4.4.3),

xolo yvela Sriftis mosaniSnad

gamoiyeneba Select All Rilaki. es

operacia dasruldeba OK

Rilakze mausis dawkapunebiT.

Sriftebis waSla SeiZleba

ganxorcieldes iseve, rogorc

nebismieri sxva obieqtis

SemTxvevaSi. sur. 46. Add Fonts fanjara

Sriftebis daTvalierebis mizniT saWiroa Sesabamisi Sriftis niSnakze

mausiT davawkapunoT orjer, ris Semdegac ekranze gaixsneba Sesabamisi

fanjara (sur. 47).

sur. 47. Sriftebis dasaTvalierebeli fanjara

66

5.7. klaviaturis parametrebis momarTva

klaviaturis parametrebis momarTva SesaZlebelia marTvis panelis

fanjris – Printers and Other

Hardware – Keyboard

(Tematuri marTvis panelis SemT-

xvevaSi) an – Keyboard (klasi-

kuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi)

niSnakze mausiT orjer

dawkapunebiT, romlis Sedegadac

ekranze gaixsneba Keyboard Properties

fanjris Speed CanarTi (sur. 48).

am CanarTis Character repeat

velis gadamrTvelebis saSualebiT

SesaZlebelia asakreb simboloTa

gameorebis parametrebis momarTva,

kerZod, Repeat delay gadamrTvelis

daxmarebiT xdeba simboloTa gameorebis dawyebis Seyovnebis drois

regulireba, Repeat rate gadamrTveliT regulirdeba simboloTa gameorebis

siswrafe, xolo am parametrTa Semowmeba xorcieldeba Click here and hold down a

key to text repeat rate velSi. Cursor blink rate velSi arsebuli gadamrTveliT

regulirdeba kursoris cimcimis sixSire. Hardware CanarTSi miTiTebulia

kompiuterTan mierTebuli klaviaturis tipi.

sur. 48. Keyboard Properties fanjara

5.8. mausis parametrebis momarTva

mausis parametrebis momarTva SesaZlebelia marTvis panelis fanjris

– Printers and Other Hardware – Mouse (Tematuri marTvis panelis SemT-

xvevaSi) an – Mouse (klasikuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) niSnakze mau-

67

siT orjer dawkapunebiT, romlis Sedegadac ekranze gaixsneba Mouse Properties

fanjris Buttons CanarTi (sur. 49).

zemoT aRniSnuli CanarTis

Button configuration velis Switch

primary and secondary buttons

gadamrTvelSi almis dayenebiT

xdeba marcxena da marjvena

klaviSebis funqciaTa gacvla

maTTvis vinc mausTan marcxena

xeliT muSaobs.

Double-click speed velis Speed

gadamrTveliT xorcieldeba

mausis klaviSis orjer

dawkapunebis siCqaris regulireba,

xolo am siCqaris Semowmeba

SeiZleba imave velSi ganTavsebul

saqaRaldis aRmniSvnel niSnakze

mausis dawkapunebiT. Tu

saqaRalde ar gaixsna an ar daixura, maSin SeiZleba SeirCes ufro dabali

siCqare.

sur. 49. Mouse Properties fanjris Buttons CanarTi

ClickLock velis Turn on

ClickLock gadamrTvelSi almis

dayeneba momxmarebels saSualebas

aZlevs obieqtTa gamoyofa da

gadaTreva ganaxorcielos klaviSze

xelis daWeris gareSe. amisaTvis

saWiroa erTxel dawkapunebis dros

xeli mcire droiT Seyovndes

klaviSze. klaviSis gasaTavisuf-

leblad ganmeorebiT unda moxdes

klaviSze xelis daWera.

Mouse Properties fanjris Pointers

CanarTis (sur. 50) Scheme velis

gamoyenebiT momxmarebelma mausis sur. 50. Mouse Properties fanjris Pointers CanarTi

68

maCveneblisaTvis 20 sxvadasxva winaswar gansazRvruli standartuli

variantidan SeiZleba aarCios erT-erTi varianti, an Customize velSi mis

calkeul mdgomareobas Browse Rilakis gamoyenebiT Seusabamos misTvis

sasurveli formis maCvenebeli. Use Default Rilakis saSualebiT ki

SesaZlebelia am maCvenebels daubrunos misi standartuli saxe. amave velis

Enable pointer shadow gadamrTvelSi almis dayenebiT mausis maCvenebels SeiZleba

Tan dahyvebodes misive Crdili.

Mouse Properties fanjris Pointers

Options CanarTis (sur. 51) Motion

velis gamoyenebiT regulirdeba

mausis maCveneblis gadaadgilebis

siCqare. amave velis Enhance pointer

precision gadamrTvelSi almis

dayenebiT xdeba mausis maCvenebelis

gadaadgilebis sizustis

gafarToeba. Snap To velis

Automatically move pointer to the default

button in a dialog box gadamrTvelSi

almis dayenebiT xdeba mausis maC-

venebelis avtomaturi gadaadgileba

dialoguri fanjris gaCumebis

principiT moniSnul Rilakze.

Visibility velis Display pointer trails

gadamrTvelSi almis dayenebiT xdeba mausis maCvenebelis kvalis (`kudi~)

gamoCena, xolo mis qvemoT moTavsebuli gadamrTveliT SesaZlebelia am

`kudis~ sigrZis regulireba. Hide pointer while typing gadamrTvelSi almis

dayenebiT xdeba klaviaturiT beWdvis dros mausis maCvenebelis damalva,

xolo Show location of pointer when I press the CNTR key gadamrTvelSi almis

dayenebiT mausis maCvenebelis adgilmdebareoba gamoCndeba CNTR klaviSze

xelis daWeris dros.

sur. 51. Mouse Properties fanjris Pointer Options CanarTi

amave fanjris Wheel CanarTiT SesaZlebelia mausis gadafurcvlis

borbalis erTi Wdis saSualebiT ekranze gadasaadgilebeli striqonebis

raodenobis gansazRvra.

69

5.9. saqaRalde Network Connections

rogorc saqaRalde My Computer momxmarebels saSualebas aZlevs

gamoiyenos Tavisi kompiuteris yvela SesaZlo resursi, aseve saqaRalde

Network Connections miscems mas saSualebas mimarTos lokalur qselSi CarTul

nebismier kompiuters, ra Tqma unda Tu mocemuli kompiuteric CarTulia am

qselSi.

Network Connections saqaRaldis saSualebiT momxmarebels SeuZlia qselSi

CarTuli kompiuteris myari magnituri diskodan (Tu am kompiuteris mflobeli

uflebas darTavs sxva momxmarebels gamoiyenos am kompiuteris resursebi)

gaxsnas an gadmoweros misTvis saWiro dokumenti, an piriqiT gaagzavnos faili

sxva kompiuterSi.

Network Connections saqaRaldeSi SeiZleba daematos aramarto am qselSi

CarTuli kompiuteri, aramed internetis sxvadasxva kvanZebi. TviT internetTan

dakavSireba iqmneba am saqaRaldeSi. ase, rom interneti da lokaluri qseli

faqtiurad uflebebiT gaTanabrebulia, xolo maTi momarTvisaTvis gamoiyeneba

erTiani centri.

internetTan da lokalur qselSi muSaobis parametrebis momarTva

SesaZlebelia marTvis panelis fanjaraSi – Network and Internet Connections

– Network Connections (Tematuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) an –

Network Connections (klasikuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) – niSnakze mausiT

orjer dawkapunebiT an Windows XP sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi Start My

Network Places brZanebiT an klasikuri sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi Start

Setting Network Connections brZanebiT an samuSao magidaze moTavsebuli My

Network Places niSnakze mausiT orjer dawkapunebiT.

5.10. axali printeris dayeneba

axali printeris dayeneba SesaZlebelia marTvis panelis fanjaraSi –

Printers and Other Hardware – Printers and Faxes (Tematuri marTvis panelis

SemTxvevaSi) an – Printers and Faxes (klasikuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi)

70

– niSnakze mausiT orjer dawkapunebiT an Windows XP sastarto menius

SemTxvevaSi Start Printers and Faxes brZanebiT an klasikuri sastarto menius

SemTxvevaSi Start Setting Printers and Faxes brZanebiT. ekranze gaixsneba

Printers and Faxes fanjara, romlis File Add Printer an navigaciuri panelis Add a

printer brZanebiT gaixsneba mravalsafexuriani printeris dayenebis ostatis

fanjara. momdevno safexurze gadasvla xdeba Next> Rilakis gamoyenebiT.

yovel momdevno safexurze gadasvlis dros momxmarebeli yuradRebiT unda

gaecnos SekiTxvas da ise gadavides momdevno etapze. erT-erTi etapis dros

printeris dayenebis ostati ikvlevs kompiuteris portebis mdgomareobas da

iZleva rekomendacias, Tu romel portSi unda CairTos mocemuli printeri.

portebi arsebobs mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri. standartulad printeri,

rogorc wesi, irTveba paralelur portSi. am etapis Semdeg ostati

momxmarebels sTavazobs airCios printeris marka (sur. 52) da Sesabamisad eZebs

saWiro draivers. Tu printers moyva Tavisi draiveri kompaqt-diskze maSin

xeli davaWiroT Rilaks Have Disk, xolo Tu arc diski ar aris da Sesabamisi

draiveri kompiuterSic ar aRmoCnda da kompiuteri CarTulia internetSi, maSin

unda CairTos Rilaki Windows Update. bolos, ramodenime operaciis Sesrulebis

Semdeg ekranze gamoCndeba Finish Rilaki, romelze dawkapunebis Semdeg Printers

and Faxes fanjaraSi gamoCndeba axali printeris aRmniSvneli niSnaki.

sur. 52. axali printeris dayenebis ostati

71

5.11. regionaluri da enobrivi parametrebis momarTva

sur. 53. Regional and Language Options fanjris Regional Options CanarTi

regionaluri da enobrivi parametrebis momarTvis mizniT unda moxdes

mausiT orjer dawkapuneba marTvis panelis fanjris – Date, Time, Language,

and Regional Options – Regional

and Language Options (Tematuri

marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) an

– Regional and Language Options (klasi-

kuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi)

niSnakze, romlis Sedegadac ekranze

gaixsneba Regional and Language Options

fanjris Regional Options CanarTi (sur.

53). am CanarTis saSualebiT SeiZleba

ricxvebis, valutis, droisa da

TariRis kompiuterSi Casawerad

SeirCes ama Tu im regionisaTvis an

qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli stan-

dartuli warmodgena, risTvisac

Standards and formats velis CamoSlad

fanjaraSi CamoSlili siidan unda

moxdes saWiro regionis an qveynis

SerCeva. am regionis an qveynis

standartebis Sesabamisi nimuSebi

moyvanili iqneba Number (ricxvi),

Currency (valuta), Time (dro), Short date

(TariRis Semoklebuli Cawera) Long date

(TariRis sruli Cawera) fanjrebSi.

sur. 54. Text Services and Input Languages fanjris

Tu Cven survili gveqneba ganvaxor-

cieloT am standartebis cvlileba,

maSin saWiroa mausiT davawkapunoT

Customize Rilakze, ris Semdegac

gaixsneba Customize Regional Options

Settings CanarTi 72

fanjara. am fanjris Sesabamis CanarTebSi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ricxvebis,

valutis, droisa da TariRis ama Tu im maxasiaTeblisa da parametris

standartis Secvla da momarTva.

enobrivi parametrebis momarTvis mizniT igive fanjara unda gadairTos

Languages CanarTze da Details Rilakze mausiT dawkapunebis Semdeg gaixsneba

Text Services and Input Languages damatebiTi fanjris Settings CanarTi (sur. 54). am

fanjris Installed services velSi Cans mocemul momentSi kompiuterSi

gamoyenebuli enebis CamonaTvali. Tu momxmarebels surs am CamonaTvals

daumatos romelime sxva ena, maSin mausi unda daawkapunos Add Rilakze.

gaixsneba Add Input Language dialoguri fanjara, romlis Input language

CamoSlad siaSi unda moxdes Sesabamisi enis SerCeva da OK RilakiT damowmeba.

am enis Sesabamisi aRniSvna gaCndeba Text Services and Input Languages fanjris

Installed services velSi. amave velSi arsebuli enis moniSvnisa da Remove Rilakze

daWeriT SeiZleba mocemuli ena amoRebul iqnas gamoyenebidan.

Tu Preferences velis Language Bar Rilakze davaWerT, maSin gaixsneba

dialoguri fanjara Language Bar Setting, romlis Show the language bar on the

Desktop velis moniSvniT enis indikatori gamoCndeba amocanaTa panelze. am

indikatoris gamoyenebiT SeiZleba airCes mimdinare ena. mimdinare enis swrafad

gadasarTvelad standartulad gamoiyeneba <Left Alt>+<Shift> klaviSTa

kombinacia. am kombinaciis Secvla SesaZlebelia mausiT Preferences velis Key

Settings Rilakze dawkapunebiT.

5.12. sistemis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba

sistemis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba SesaZlebelia samuSao magidaze

ganTavsebul My Computer niSnakze mausis marjvena klaviSiT gaxsnili

konteqsturi menius Properties brZanebiT an marTvis panelis fanjaraSi –

Performance and Maintenance – System (Tematuri marTvis panelis SemTxve-

vaSi) an – System (klasikuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) – niSnakze

mausiT orjer dawkapunebiT. gaixsneba System Properties fanjris General CanarTi

(sur. 55). am fanjaraSi mocemulia informacia kompiuterSi Cawerili

73

operaciuli sistemis, procesoris tipisa da taqturi sixSiris, operatiuli

mexsierebis moculobis Sesaxeb.

amave fanjris Hardware CanarTze

gadarTvisa da Device Manager

Rilakze mausis dawkapunebiT

gaixsneba imave saxelwodebis

fanjara (sur. 56), romelSic

mocemulia informacia kompiuteris

aparaturuli nawilis (Hardware)

Sesaxeb. am mowyobilobaTa

dasaxelebis win mdgom + niSanze

dawkapunebiT gamonaTdeba am

kompiuterSi gamoyenebuli

mowyobilobis konkretuli modelis

dasaxeleba.

sur. 55. System Properties fanjris General CanarTi Tu gvsurs ufro dawvrilebiTi

informacia miviRoT moniSnuli mowyobilobis teqnikuri parametrebis Sesaxeb

saWiroa SevasruloT menius Action Properties brZaneba an mausiT davawkapunoT

– Properties niSnakze, romlis Semdegac gaixsneba axali damatebiTi fanjris

sur. 56. Device Manager fanjara

74

General CanarTi. imave damatebiTi fanjris Driver CanarTis saSualebiT miiReba

informacia gamoyenebuli draiveris Sesaxeb, xolo Update Driver RilakiT ki

SeiZleba am draiveris ganaxleba.

5.13. momsaxure programebi

My Computer saqaRaldeSi

diskos ( – Floppy, – Local

Disk, – CD Drive) niSnakze mausis

marjvena klaviSiT gaxsnili

konteqsturi menius Properties

brZanebiT an romelime diskos

moniSvnis Semdeg menius File

Properties brZanebiT gaixsneba

Sesabamisi Properties fanjara, sadac

SesaZlebelia diskos Sesaxeb

informaciis miReba. gaxsnili

fanjris General CanarTSi (sur. 57)

mocemulia informacia diskos

dakavebuli (User space), Tavisufali

(Free space) arisa da mTeli

moculobis (Capacity) Sesaxeb. sur. 57. Disk Properties fanjris General CanarTi

5.13.1. diskos gasufTaveba (Disk Cleanup)

kompiuterze muSaobis procesSi warmoiSveba mravali gauTvaliswinebeli

situacia, maT Soris kompiuteris avariuli gamorTva, momxmareblis sxvadasxva

Secdoma da mravali sxva, romlis drosac myar magnitur diskoze iqmneba

droebiTi failebi. agreTve, grovdeba internetSi momxmareblis mier

daTvalierebuli gverdebis aslebi, System Restore programis mier Seqmnili

sistemuri failebis sarezervo aslebi. yovelive es warmoadgens kompiuterul

`nagavs~. amas emateba sanagve kalaTaSi dagrovili waSlili informacia. es ki

iwvevs magnituri diskos gadatvirTvas da periodulad saWiroa aseTi failebi-

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sur. 58. Disk Cleanup fanjris Disk Cleanup CanarTi

sagan misi gaTavisufleba. es operacia SeiZleba Sesruldes Windows XP

sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi Start All Programs Accessories System Tools

Disk Cleanup brZanebiT an klasikuri

sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi Start

Programs Accessories System Tools

Disk Cleanup brZanebiT an

Sesabamisi Properties fanjris General

CanarTis Disk Cleanup Rilakis

daxmarebiT. am operaciis Semdeg

gaixsneba Sesabamisi damatebiTi

fanjara (sur. 58), sadac Files to delete

velSi unda moiniSnos wasaSleli

failebis jgufi da OK RilakiT

damowmdes momxmareblis gadawyveti-

leba. imave fanjris More Options

CanarTis daxmarebiT momxmarebels

saSualeba eZleva waSalos mis mier

dayenebuli zogierTi gamoyenebiTi

programa da Windows-is komponentebi, agreTve System Restore programis mier

Seqmnili sistemuri failebis sarezervo aslebi.

Tu Disk Properties fanjaraSi CavrTavT Tools CanarTs, maSin SeiZleba moxdes

mocemuli diskos Semowmeba Check Now Rilakis saSualebiT, romlis drosac

ganxorcieldeba diskos failebis sistemuri Secdomebis avtomaturi fiqsacia,

an diskos cudi seqtorebis povna da iq arsebuli failebis gadatana

dauzianebel seqtorebSi.

5.13.2. diskos defragmentacia (Disk Defragment)

fizikuri da logikuri diskoebi kompiuterisaTvis yvela erTnairia.

magaliTad, disko C:\ – es yovelTvis pirvelia kompiuterze dayenebul

fizikur diskoebs Soris an pirveli fizikuri diskos pirveli nawilia.

yvela faili myar magnitur diskoze Cawerilia ara monoliTurad, aramed

mcire nawilebis (klasterebis) saxiT. amasTan, es klasterebi SeiZleba

gabneuli iyos diskos mTel zedapirze. Tu klasteris are nawilobriv

76

77

dakavebulia romelime failiT, maSin iq aRar SeiZleba sxva ramis Cawera, rac

iwvevs diskos moculobis did danakargs.

fizikuri diskos mTeli are dayofilia 512 baitis moculobis mqone

seqtorebad. xolo logikuri disko, romelic iqmneba fizikuri diskos

pirveladi moniSvnis dros (am operacias ewodeba daformateba), iyofa ukve ara

seqtorebad, aramed klasterebad. klasteris zoma icvleba da damokidebulia

diskos zomasa da diskoze monacemTa ganTavsebis wesze.

diskos moculoba,

gb

klasterSi seqtorebis raodenoba

klasteris moculoba,

kb 512 mb-mde 1 512 baiti 1 gb-mde 2 1 2 gb-mde 4 2 4 gb-mde 8 4 8 gb-mde 16 8 16 gb-mde 32 16 32 gb-mde 64 32 32 gb-ze meti 128 64

diskoze failebis Cawera xdeba Tavisufali klasterebSi, ris gamoc erTi

failis fragmentebi SeiZleba aRmoCndes diskos sxvadasxva adgilze.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinareobs, rom es procesi ki ar aCqarebs

kompiuteris muSaobas, aramed piriqiT, anelebs mas. amitom, momxmarebelma

sasurvelia TveSi erTxel Caataros Tavis kompiuterze defragmentaciis

procedura, rac erTi failis fragmentebis mimdevrobiT dalagebaSi

mdgomareobs.

defragmentaciis operacia SeiZleba Sesruldes Windows XP sastarto

menius SemTxvevaSi Start All Programs Accessories System Tools Disk

Defragment brZanebiT an klasikuri sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi Start

Programs Accessories System Tools Disk Defragment brZanebiT an Sesabamisi

Properties fanjris Tools CanarTis Defragment Now Rilakis daxmarebiT, romlis

drosac gaixsneba Sesabamisi fanjara (sur.59). Analyze Rilakis daxmarebiT

Estimated disk usade before defragmentation velSi feradi grafikiT miiReba

Sesabamisi diskos Tavdapirveli mdgomareoba. wiTeli feriT aRniSnulia

fragmentuli failebi, lurjiT – arafragmentuli failebi, mwvaniT – is

failebi romelTa gadaadgilebac ar SeiZleba, xolo TeTriT – Tavisufali

adgilebi. Defragment Rilakis daxmarebiT Estimated disk usade after defragmentation

velSi miiReba Sesabamisi diskos mdgomareoba defragmentaciis Semdeg. View

Report Rilakis daxmarebiT miiReba angariSi defragmentaciis Sesaxeb.

sur. 59. Disk Defragment fanjara

defragmentaciis proceduram SeiZleba daikavos sakmaod didi dro,

gansakuTrebiT didi moculobisa da Zlier fragmentirebuli diskos

SemTxvevaSi.

5.13.3. arqivirebis ostati (Backup)

mocemuli programis saSualebiT SeiZleba Seiqmnas aramarto calkeuli

failebisa da saqaRaldeebis sarezervo aslebi, aramed mTeli diskosi.

kompresiis specialuri algoriTmis gamoyenebiT miRebuli faili iqneba bevrad

mcire moculobis, vidre sawyisi disko an faili. arqivaciis operaciis

Sesrulebis Semdeg momxmarebeli iRebs erTaderT fails gafarToebiT bkf,

romelic mogvianebiT SeiZleba `gavxsnaT~ imave ostatis daxmarebiT. miRebuli

faili SeiZleba Caiweros rogorc myar magnitur diskoze, aseve drekad da

lazerul magnitur diskozec.

arqivirebis ostati SeiZleba gamoZaxebul iqnas Windows XP sastarto

menius SemTxvevaSi Start All Programs Accessories System Tools Backup

78

brZanebiT an klasikuri sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi Start Programs

Accessories System Tools Backup brZanebiT an Sesabamisi Properties fanjris

Tools CanarTis Backup Now Rilakis daxmarebiT.

5.13.4. sistemis aRdgena (System Restore)

yoveldRiurad da momxmareblisagan dafarulad System Restore programa

akeTebs sistemis zust `suraTs~, romelsac agrovebs specialur saqaRaldeSi.

amis garda, momxmarebels SeuZlia raime operaciis Sesrulebis win TviTonac

daafiqsiros sistemis mdgomareoba.

ase, rom System Restore-i qmnis sakuTari sistemis `cvlilebis kalendars~,

romlis daxmarebiTac momxmarebels SeuZlia nebismier momentSi daubrundes

sistemis erT-erT Zvel mdgomareobas. amisaTvis, sakmarisia System Restore-is

gaSveba Windows XP sastarto menius SemTxvevaSi Start All Programs Accessories

System Tools System Restore brZanebiT an klasikuri sastarto menius

SemTxvevaSi Start Programs Accessories System Tools System Restore

brZanebiT da cvlilebis kalendarSi airCes saWiro TariRi.

Teoriulad, System Restore-s SeuZlia daimaxsovros sistemis mdgomareoba

bolo ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi. System Restore-is saqaRaldisaTvis momxmarebels

SeuZlia gamoyos 200 mb-dan 1 gb-mde mexsiereba.

79

5.13.5. drekadi magnituri diskos daformateba

drekadi (disketa) magnituri diskos

daformatebis mizniT saWiroa gaixsnas

saqaRalde My Computer, moiniSnos diskos –

Floppy (A:) niSnaki. daformatebis programis

gamoZaxeba xdeba menius File Format an mausis

marjvena klaviSiT gaxsnili konteqsturi

menius Format brZanebiT, romlis Semdeg

gaixsneba Sesabamisi Format 3.5 Floppy (A:)

fanjara (sur. 60).

gaxsnili fanjris Format options velis

Quick Format punqtis almiT moniSvniT CairTveba

sur. 60. disketis formatizaciis Format 3.5 Floppy (A:) fanjara

swrafi daformatebis reJimi, xolo Create an MS-DOS startup disk punqtiT masze

Seiqmneba MS DOS-is CasatvirTi disketa. disketis daformateba iwyeba Start

Rilakis daxmarebiT. nebismier disketaze daformatebis dros mTeli

informacia iSleba da masze xdeba sabazo informaciis Cawera. daformatebis

dawyebis win xdeba momxmareblis gafrTxileba mosalodneli Sedegis Sesaxeb

da Tanxmobis miRebis Semdeg programa iwyebs muSaobas. daformatebis

mimdinareobas momxmarebeli Tvals adevnebs gaxsnil fanjaraSi da misi

warmatebiT damTavrebis Sesaxeb programa kvlav iZleva Sesabamis Setyobinebas.

programis muSaobis damTavrebis Semdeg fanjris daxurva xorcieldeba

Close RilakiT.

5.14. mravalmomxmareblian reJimSi muSaoba

marTalia, Tanamedrove kompiuters ewodeba personaluri da igi

gaTvaliswinebulia erTi konkretuli momxmarebelisaTvis. magram praqtikaSi

ufro xSirad sawinaaRmdego situacia gvxvdeba, TiToeul kompiuters hyavs

ramodenime momxmarebeli. Windows XP aris aramarto mravalamocaniani, aramed

mravalmomxmarebliani sistema, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia ramodenime

sur. 61. momxmarebelTa saaRricxvo Canaweris User Accounts fanjara

80

momxmareblis konfiguraciasTan samuSaod. TiToeul momxmarebels SeiZleba

hqondes aramarto gansxvavebuli interfeisi, aramed Tavisi programebisa da

monacemTa failebi da saqaRaldeebi.

amasTan, TiToeuli konfiguraciisaTvis iqmneba sakuTari `piradi~

saqaRaldeebi – magaliTad, saqaRalde My Documents, Favorites da sxva. da

bolos, rac yvelaze mTavaria, momxmareblebs SeiZleba mieniWos kompiuteris

resursebis gamoyenebis gansxvavebuli uflebebi.

imisaTvis, rom ganxorcieldes kompiuteris mravalmomxmareblian reJimSi

muSaoba an moxdes am reJimis sxvadasxva parametrebis Secvla da momarTva

saWiroa marTvis panelis fanjaraSi – User Accounts – User Accounts

(Tematuri marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) an – User Accounts (klasikuri

marTvis panelis SemTxvevaSi) – niSnakze mausiT orjer dawkapuneba. am dros

gaixsneba User Accounts fanjara (sur. 61).

5.14.1. axali momxmareblis saaRricxvo Canaweris Seqmna

pirveli mTavari momxmarebeli iqmneba Windows XP-is kompiuterze dayenebis

procesSi da gaCumebis principiT es momxmarebeli aris Administrator-i. igi

sargeblobs administratoris uflebebiT – anu SeuZlia imuSaos nebismier

saqaRaldesTan, dokumentTan da programasTan, agreTve SeuZlia Seitanos

nebismieri Sesworeba kompiuteris konfiguraciaSi.

axali momxmareblis saaRricxvo Canaweris Sesaqmnelad mausi davawkapunoT

Create a new account Rilakze, romlis Semdegac gaixsneba axali fanjara –

specialuri programa ostati, romelic saSualebas iZleva nabij-nabij

Sesruldes yvela saWiro moqmedeba. am fanjris velSi momxmarebeli Cawers

axali momxmareblis saxels da Next Rilakze dawkapunebiT gadava momdevno

etapze, saidanac ganisazRvreba momxmareblis mier kompiuteris resursebis

gamoyenebis uflebebi da Create account Rilakze dawkapunebiT damTavrdeba

axali momxmareblis saaRricxvo Canaweris Seqmnis procedura. am proceduris

Catarebis Semdeg kompiuteris gadatvirTvis dros ekranze misalmebis

fanjaraSi gaCndeba axali niSnaki, romelic Seesabameba axal saaRricxvo

Canawers.

81

5.14.2. saaRricxvo Canaweris momarTva

administratoris reJimSi muSaobis dros SesaZlebelia aramarto sakuTari

saaRricxvo Canaweris, aramed sxva Canaweris momarTvac. zemoT aRwerili wesiT

unda gaixsnas momxmareblis saaRricxvo Canaweris User Accounts fanjara (sur.

61) da saWiro niSnakze dawkapunebiT gaixsneba saaRricxvo Canaweris momarTvis

igive dasaxelebis fanjara (sur. 62), mxolod sxva meniuTi. am menius

daxmarebiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes Semdegi procedurebi:

• Change my name – saaRricxvo Canaweris saxelis Secvla;

• Create a password (Change my password) – parolis Seqmna (Secvla);

• Remove my password – parolis waSla;

SeniSvna: yvela operacia, romelic ukavSirdeba parolebs

sasurvelia Catardes mxolod im saaRricxvo CanawerebSi,

romlisTvisac isini Seiqmna.

82

• Change my picture – patara suraTi-niSnakis Secvla, romelic iqneba

TiToeuli momxmareblis aRmniSvneli simbolo da gamoCndeba misi saxelis

gaswvriv (magaliTad, sastarto menius `qudSi~);

sur. 62. saaRricxvo Canaweris momarTvis User Accounts fanjara

• Change my account type – aq SeiZleba Seicvalos TiToeuli momxmareblis

mier kompiuteris resursebis gamoyenebis uflebebi (`administratori~ an

`SezRuduli uflebebi~);

• Delete the account – saaRricxvo Canaweris waSla (waSlis SemTxvevaSi

ikargeba lokalur saqaRaldeebSi ganTavsebuli momxmareblis mier Seqmnili

yvela momarTva da dokumenti);

• Set up my account to use a .NET Passport – .NET pasportis Secvla.

5.14.3. momxmareblis mier sistemaSi Sesvlis

parametrebis momarTva

momxmareblis mier sistemaSi Sesvlis parametrebis momarTvis mizniT unda

gaixsnas momxmareblis saaRricxvo Canaweris User Accounts fanjara (sur. 61) da

Change the way users log on or off Rilakze dawkapunebiT gaixsneba momxmareblis mier

sistemaSi Sesvlis parametrebis momarTvis User Accounts fanjara (sur. 63). es

fanjara Seicavs mxolod or punqts:

sur. 63. momxmareblis mier sistemaSi Sesvlis parametrebis momarTvis User Accounts fanjara

• Use the Welcome screen (gamoyenebul iqnas misalmebis gverdi), Tu

mocemuli punqti moniSnulia, maSin misalmebis fanjara saSualebas iZleva

83

sistemaSi Sesvla ganxorcieldes saaRricxvo Canawerze mausis ubralo

dawkapunebiT. usafrTxoebis gazrdis mizniT SesaZlebelia moixsnas am punqtis

moniSvna da gamoyenebul iqnas sistemaSi Sesvlis klasikuri meTodi, romelic

momxmareblisagan moiTxovs saaRricxvo Canawerisa da parolis xeliT,

klaviaturidan Setanas;

• Use Fast User Switching (gamoyenebul iqnas momxmarebelTa swrafi

gadarTvis reJimi), am punqtis moniSvnis SemTxvevaSi sxva saaRricxvo Canawerze

gadarTva SesaZlebelia ise, rom ar daixuros momuSave programebi. mas Semdeg

rac meore momxmarebeli daamTavrebs muSaobas pirvels SeuZlia swrafad

daubrundes mis saaRricxvo Canawers.

SerCeuli reJimis dafiqsireba xdeba Apply Options Rilakis daxmarebiT.

5.14.4. momxmareblebs Soris gadarTva

Windows XP saSualebas iZleva muSaobis erTi seansis ganmavlobaSi

survilis mixedviT ganxorcieldes gadarTva momxmareblebs Soris. Tu

CarTulia momxmarebelTa swrafi gadarTvis reJimi, maSin es operacia

sruldeba sastarto menius Start Log

Off brZanebiT, xolo gaxsnil Log Off

Windows fanjaraSi (sur. 64) unda

SeirCes Switch User Rilaki. masze

xelis daWeris Semdeg ekranze

gamoCndeba misalmebis fanjara, sadac

SeirCeva sasurveli momxmarebeli.

yvela gaSvebuli programa da

gaxsnili dokumentebi rCeba

xeluxlebeli da SeiZleba

momxmarebeli nebismier dros daubrundes mas.

sur. 64. Log Off Windows fanjara

momxmarebels unda axsovdes, rom ramodenime momxmareblis erTdrouli

muSaoba sagrZnoblad amcirebs gamoyenebuli operatiuli mexsierebis

moculobas, amitom saWiroa muSaobis damTavrebis Semdeg ganxorcieldes

sistemidan gamosvla (Start Log Off brZanebiT gaxsnil Log Off Windows

fanjaraSi (sur. 64) unda SeirCes Log Off Rilaki). amasTan, mexsiereba gamoTavi-

sufldeba mxolod mimdinare saaRricxvo Canaweris programebisagan, xolo

danarCeni rCeba xelSeuxebeli.

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5.15. kompiuteris gamorTva

kompiuteris gamorTva xdeba sastarto menius Start Turn Off Computer

brZanebiT. Tu momxmareblis mier sistemaSi Sesvlis parametrebSi arCeuli iyo

Use the Welcome screen punqti, maSin gaixsneba Turn Off Computer fanjara (sur. 65a),

xolo Tu zemoT aRniSnuli punqti ar iyo moniSnuli maSin gaixsneba

Shut Down Windows fanjara (sur. 65b).

85

Tu Cven gvsurs kompiuteris gamorTva unda avirCioT pirvel SemTxvevaSi

Turn Off Rilaki, xolo meore reJimis dros brZaneba Shut Down da OK RilakiT

davamowmoT Cveni gadawyvetileba. Tu gvsurs kompiuteris gadatvirTva, maSin

orive SemTxvevaSi unda SeirCes brZaneba Restart, xolo `molodinis reJimis~

arCevis SemTxvevaSi Stand By. am reJimis dros gamoirTveba myari magnituri

diskos, monitorisa da umetesoba periferiuli mowyobilobebis eleqtrokveba

da Semcirdeba procesoris mier moxmarebuli eleqtroenergia. amasTan,

kompiuteri ganagrZobs muSaobas, samuSao monacemebi imyofeba operatiul

mexsierebaSi.

`Zilis reJimis~ arCeva SesaZlebelia mxolod kompiuteris gamorTvis

Shut Down Windows fanjaris SemTxvevaSi, am dros unda avirCioT brZaneba

Hibernate. `Zilis reJimis~ gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi sistema Zireul saqaRaldeSi

qmnis hiberfil.sys dafarul fails, romlis zoma operatiuli mexsierebis zomis

tolia. am saqaRaldeSi moxdeba operatiuli mexsierebis arsebuli

mdgomareobis damaxsovreba da kompiuteri gamoirTveba. kompiuteris CarTvis

Semdeg sistemis CatvirTvis gverdis avliT moxdeba muSaobis gagrZeleba

damaxsovrebuli adgilidan.

a) b)

sur. 65. kompiuteris gamorTvis a) Turn Off computer da b) Shut Down Windows fanjara

86

87

Sinaarsi

1. ZiriTadi cnobebi kompiuteris Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.1. kompiuteris ganviTarebis istoria da kompiuteris Taobebi . . . . . . . 3

1.2. personaluri kompiuteris klasifikacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3. personaluri kompiuteris aparaturuli da programuli uzrunvelyofa . . 7

2. failebi da saqaRaldeebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3. operaciuli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.1. operaciuli sistema MS DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.2. operaciuli sistema Microsoft Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4. samuSao magida da amocanaTa paneli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.1. niSnakebi da iarliyebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.2. fanjara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.2.1. standartuli instrumentebis paneli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.3. amocanaTa paneli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.3.1. sastarto meniu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.3.2. fanjrebis avtomaturi mowesrigeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.3.3. saqaRalde My Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.4. operaciebi saqaRaldeebsa da failebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.4.1. programis Sesrulebaze gaSveba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.4.2. axali saqaRaldis Seqmna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.4.3. obieqtTa moniSvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.4.4. obieqtTa gadatana an aslis miReba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.4.5. obieqtTa gadatana an aslis miReba magnitur diskoze . . . . . . . 39

4.4.6. obieqtis saxelis Secvla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.4.7. obieqtis waSla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.4.8. obieqtTa arqivireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

5. marTvis paneli (Control Panel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

5.1. Windows-is interfeisis momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

5.1.1. ekranis fonis SerCeva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

5.1.2. samuSao magidis momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

5.1.3. ekranis damcavi fardis SerCeva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

5.1.4. fanjris gaformebis parametrebis momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

5.1.5. ekranis parametrebis momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

5.2. amocanaTa panelisa da sastarto menius momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . 54

5.3. programebis dayeneba da waSla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

88

5.4. zusti droisa da TariRis dayeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

5.5. Windows-is standartuli fanjrebisa da saqaRaldeebis parametrebis

momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

5.6. Sriftebis instalacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

5.7. klaviaturis parametrebis momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

5.8. mausis parametrebis momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

5.9. saqaRalde Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

5.10. axali printeris dayeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

5.11. regionaluri da enobrivi parametrebis momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . 72

5.12. sistemis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

5.13. momsaxure programebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

5.13.1. diskos gasufTaveba (Disk Cleanup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

5.13.2. diskos defragmentacia (Disk Defragment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

5.13.3. arqivirebis ostati (Backup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

5.13.4. sistemis aRdgena (System Restore) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

5.13.5. drekadi magnituri diskos daformateba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

5.14. mravalmomxmareblian reJimSi muSaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

5.14.1. axali momxmareblis saaRricxvo Canaweris Seqmna . . . . . . . . . 81

5.14.2. saaRricxvo Canaweris momarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

5.14.3. momxmareblis mier sistemaSi Sesvlis parametrebis momarTva . . . . 83

5.14.4. momxmareblebs Soris gadarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

5.15. kompiuteris gamorTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85