Mooring Operations

PRINCIPLES OF MOORING

• Forces acting on a moored vessel• Wind and current• Interaction with passing ships• Tidal rise and fall and change of draft or trim due to cargo operations• Waves

INTERACTION WITH PASSING SHIPS:

When a ship passes close to a ship moored fore and aft,the interaction between the vessels will often cause the moored vessel to “range on her moorings”. Hence the moorings need to be kept taut.

1

Stern repelled

2

Surge astern

3

Surge ahead

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RptiNLQM3Ww

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jwb0-r0haw

TIDAL RISE AND FALL/ CHANGE OF DRAFT OR TRIM DUETO CARGO OPERATIONS

Breast lines provide the maximum transverse restraint and spring lines provide maximum longitudinal restraints.

The Classification society will specify the minimum number of mooringline and minimum size which the particular ship should have.

• The vertical dip of a Mooring Linedip

WIND AND CURRENT:

The forces acting on the vessel depend upon :

• Wind speed and direction• Under keel clearance and vessels draft• Construction of the berth, as piles and underwater obstructions can slow the flow, with a build up of pressure at the face of berth.This force will tend to move the vessel away from the berth.

POSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LINES

• Mooring lines should be arranged as symmetric as possible about the midship point.

• Breast should be positioned as perpendicular as possible to the longitudinal centre line of the ship.

• Spring lines should be as parallel as possible to the longitudinal centre line of the vessel.

• The vertical dip of the mooring line should be as low as possible.

• All mooring lines should preferably be of the same size and of the same material if leading to the same bitt.

• Short lengths should be avoided.

IDENTIFICATION OF MOORING LINES

Stern Line

Breast Line

Head Line

Aft Spring

Forward spring

Rollerfairlead

Bitts

Mooring winch

Drum end

Brake

Pedestalfairlead

Synthetic rope tail

DECK MOORING FITTINGS

1. Panama Leads

2. Roller fairlead

3. Pedestal fairlead

4. Multi-Angled Fairleads

5. Bollards and Mooring Bits

Name the parts

Quick Release Hooks

Hooks can be released manually or automatically by push button from a remote location

Avoids exposing personnel to mooring lines under tension

Connecting a tug to a safety Bit

Disconnecting a tug using a safety Bit

Offshore towing operations using ‘Shark Jaws and towing pins’

MOORING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

• Winches/ Capstans

• Warping winch

• Mooring winch

• Undivided drum

• Divided drum winch

• Self tension winches

Hydraulic Tugger Winch

Product Description Vessel Winch specifications: 1) Drive: Electric / hydraulic 2) Configuration: Single or double drum with / without warping end 3) Wire drum: Steel wire rope drum 4) Rated pull (1st layer): 3 to 30MT 5) Brake: Holding 1.5 times the rated pull (static, first layer) 6) Wire speed: Up to 20 m/min

Capstan

Warping Drum

MOORING OPERATIONS

Preparations:

• Prepare heaving lines, messenger lines,fenders,stoppers.

• Unlash mooring lines from stowed position and keep ready adjacent to their work area.

• A mooring line which has to be sent out quickly should be faked out on deck.

• Try out winches and windlass and lubricate if necessary.

• Grease all roller fairleads. Make sure working space is clear.

• Test all means of communications with bridge.

BERTHING / UNBERTHING

• Use of a mooring boat or if close enough, use heaving line.

• Securing of mooring line on board.

• Use of stoppers, to transfer mooring line on to bits/bollards.

• Do not use nylon stoppers, due to excessive stretch.

• On wire ropes, use chain stoppers with rope tail .

• Use of rat guards once all lines are made fast.

SAFETY IN MOORING OPERATIONS

• Use of PPE (gloves,helmet,safety shoes…)• Avoid wearing loose clothing ,jewellery .. Could snag.• Keep working area free from oil or grease.• Do not stand in a coil, loop or bight of rope.• Stand clear of lines under tension. Ref . Diag.• Do only one job at a time .• Do not stand too close to a winch drum or bits when holding on to lines under tension.• Never leave winches or windlass running without an operator in attendance at all times.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=Ms0XcxHHgEs&feature=endscreen

SNAP BACK DANGER ZONE

Point of break

Point of break

Point of restraint Danger zone

Fairlead

Point ofrestraint

Danger zone

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIa7WhN60Bk&feature=related

Mooring stoppers

Stopper line

Dangers of mooring operationsRisk assessment of mooring stations

A risk assessment should be made of all mooring areas on board; looking at the space with a view of purposely searching for hazards that may cause injury. Mooring areas naturally contain many trip

hazards, and highlighting these is a good starting point.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUxgKW3AJLw

END

ATSB Report after Foot Severed During Mooring

On 28 June 2014, the 327 m long bulk carrier Julia N entered the port of Port Hedland, Western Australia, and was manoeuvred alongside Anderson Point number two berth by the pilot with the assistance of four tugs.

At 3:21 in the afternoon, when it had been confirmed that the ship was in position, the pilot called the master of the tug at the stern of the ship to come in and retrieve its tow line. When the tug was in position, the pilot asked Julia N’s master to instruct the aft mooring team (second mate and two seamen) to let go the tug’s tow line.

As the tow line was retrieved, a seaman’s right leg somehow became entangled in the messenger line. He was then dragged about 4 metres across the deck and into the rollers of the fairlead. When his legs entered the fairlead the messenger line came under tension and it severed the seaman’s right foot. At 1644, the helicopter departed with the injured seaman. He was taken to the Port Hedland Hospital, where he was provided with medical treatment.

ANCHORS AND EQUIPMENT

                                                                                                                                                      The original plough anchor was the CQR (secure) and was for many years the anchor of choice for cruising yachts.

They perform well in a variety of conditions with good holding power. Generally they reset well. They can have difficulty penetrating weedy bottoms and don’t hold well in soft mud.

Plough

STOCKLESS ANCHOR

Anchor shackle

Shank

Bill

Arm

Tripping palm

Fluke

Head

Crown

KENTER LINK

ANCHOR CABLE

MARKINGS ON THE ANCHOR CABLE

NO 1 SHACKLE

NO 2SHACKLE

BITTER END

BITER END

PREVENTERS AND STOPPERS

ANCHOR LASHING

WINDLASS

ARRANGEMENT FROM ANCHOR TO CHAIN LOCKER

Spurling Pipe

Gypsy

stopper

Hawse Pipe

Cable

Brake

ANCHOR PREPARATIONS

Hawse Pipe

Controls

Mooring styles

• Single Anchor

• Running Mooring

• Open Mooring

• Mooring Buoy

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Keep working area free of oil and grease Sufficient lighting, hand torch Wear PPE Do not stand in direct line of the anchor cable Do not operate machinery if unsure with controls Operate only if instructed to do so Communicate with the bridge Look over the side before letting go the anchor

Offshore towing operations using ‘Shark Jaws and towing pins’

END