MINISTRY OF EDUCATION JUNIOR PRIMARY …...oku yina wapere varongwa va hepa kuvasiga va gwane ndi va...

Republic of Namibia

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

JUNIOR PRIMARY PHASE

FOR IMPLEMENTATION: 2015

FIRST LANGUAGE SYLLABUS

GRADES 1-3

RWANGALI VERSION

Ministry of Education

National Institute for Educational Development (NIED)

Private Bag 2034

Okahandja

Namibia

© Copyright NIED, Ministry of Education, 2014

First Language Syllabus Grades 1 - 3

ISBN 978-99945-2-052-7

Printed by NIED

Website: http://www.nied.edu.na

Publication date: 2014

http://www.nied.edu.na/

Yikaramo

1. Etwaromo ...................................................................................................................... 1

2. Madinkango ................................................................................................................... 1

3. Yitambo ......................................................................................................................... 1

4. Erongopakerero ............................................................................................................. 1

5. Magwanekero noYirongwa peke ntani yuma yongendesorongotavakano ...................... 2

6. Ngendeso zoKuronga noKulironga ................................................................................ 4

7. Matomporo gokuvhura welima ....................................................................................... 6

8. Eliwapayikiro nelikwamo lyontambo zosiplili dogoro harade 3 ....................................... 8

9. Yikaramo yoKulironga ...................................................................................................27

10. Ngendesokonakono ......................................................................................................67

11. Muzaro gefwatururo varuganesa metjagwa ..................................................................71

1 NIED Syllabus: First langageJunior Primary Phase 2014

1. Etwaromo Ngendesorongo ezi kuna kusingonona egano lyelirongo nekonakono meRaka lyokuhova

(Rukwangali) lyono Harade 1-3 lyeNtambo zePilili zePevhu. Ngo sirongwa seRaka

lyokuhyova (Rukwangali) Kulironga eraka ntani kuresa nokutjanga moruha rwelirongo

rwengendeserongo, nye pasuma kwa gwanekera kumwe noyirongwa peke mwaza

ngendesorongo.

Yitambo, yitamborongo nomatomporo aga ga lirambakana noyirongwa kwa kara pokatji

koyilirongo yomulyo eyi ya kara mongendesorongo zanyinye. Monda zoukaro wa karapo,

sirongwa esi kwa hepa noperiode 10 (moHarade 1-2) ano 9 (moHarade 3) mosivike.

2. Madinkango Mononvhura ntantu dokuhova delirongo lyakarapo, varongwa kuvhura kuvaronga yirongwa

nayinye meraka lyozina ntene asi Ruhingilisa rukare rooro, ano ntene asi Rukwangali naro

ngosi kwawo. Edemeneno lyenene ntene kuna kuronga Rukwangali mosiruwo soNtambo

zePilili zePevhu ya hepa kuhuguvaresa asi varongwa navenye va gwane maukonentu aga

ngaga tura etateko lyakora mokuresa nokutjanga, momagwanekero nomokutunga egano

lyononomora. Nayinye eyi kuna kara mulyo kerongo lyomunona lyokomeho ngamoomu

eraka lyokurongesa konontambo dekeguru kuna kara Ruhingilisa.

Unenepo yidiviso yeraka lyokuhova (Rukwangali) kuna kara maukonentu gane,

wokupurakena, nokukumburura, kuuyunga nomagwanekero, kuresa nokutara ntani kutjanga.

Ruha routano kuna kara mutungoraka, ndongeraka, ntani eruganeso eraka alyo kwa li

pakerera momaukonentu gane yipo ga kulike evhuro lyovarongwa mokuruganesa

Rukwangali pauhunga. Edemeneno pontambo ezi kuna kara lyokulironga eraka

lyomagwanekero, kuresa nekwategano, kutjanga oku kwa karapo ntani netjangototo.

3. Yitambo Yitambo yoRukwangali nge Raka lyokuhova kuna kara:

Kuninkisa varongwa va gwanekere pauhunga mokuuyunga, kuresa nomokutjanga

moRukwangali.

Kuninkisa varongwa va pwagese magazo, magano, yihoroka ntani mulyo gohepero

gekuliko lyopaumwene

Kukulika eruganeso eraka lyoRukwangali padiwo noyitambo yerongo

4. Erongopakerero Elirongopakerero kuna kara unankondo wa nkenye murongwa mokukulika elihamesero mo

ndi egwano mpito zomalikwamo gomanzi gerongo noyirugana azi gava ngendeso zerongo

monosure da karapo. Alyo kwa demenena ponontambo devatero nepemburo lyokulisiga-siga

eli ava gwana varongwa navenye melirongo.

Erongo lyopantateko kuwapayikira nkarapamwe ngo magazadaro go nzodi zaNamibia zomo

2030, mokukulika elipakerero. Varongwa kugwanekera noyilimbika yoyihoroka ano yihepwa

ya nkenye gumwe ngava yi tura merongo eli lyakarapo, noyihepwa yawo ngava yi tura

megano pokuruganesa nondongeso dokulisiga-siga noyiruganeso eyi yava fira. Varongwa

wounkundi wounene wokudira kugwanena mo mauwa monosure da ngesi delirongopakerero

ngava gwana evatero paumwe, runone paumwe ndi nosure dorunone dogoro nawo apa yina


wapere ngava va ture monosure delirongopakerero. Ngendeserongo, ndongeso

noyiruganeso kwa tamba varongwa velirongo lyonosure dangesi.

Elirongo demeneno pomurongwamwene ngo ngendeso zelirongo, yilyo lyaliza unene

nerongo lyoyihepwa yovarongwa velirongo lyokulikarera morwa kuruganesa ediwo

lyovarongwa neyi ava vhuru kurugana, yangesi kuvatera varongwa va gwane nondunge

nomaukonentu gomape. Mutungo rugano gongendesorongo gelirongopakerero kuvyukilira

matompo aga vhura kufunda varongwa velirongo lyoyihepwa yokulikarera.

Mapitisiro gamwe gokuhamena mafanayiko gelirongo nokuronga mosure zelirongopakerero

kuga gwana mo mutungo gongendesorongo lyelirongopakerero (2012). Mapitisiro ga ngesi

nga ga vatera varongwa navenye va gwane nondunge, maukonentu nomaukaro

gokuvavatera kuza komeho mouzuni owu una vhuka maudigu gana kulisinta usimbu,

nokungawopa momauzera nomaukonentu gediwoyiruganakonentu.

Ntambo zoPilimere zePevhu kugava siruwo sokulifana kovagara nokovakadi sokuvaninka

vali hamesere mo navenye mokulifana. Varongi va hepa kudiva omu nava tekura navenye

pakulifana noyiruganeso ya hepa kuvatera marudi nagenye pauhunga.

Vakadona unene po kwa hara kusikisamo eraka kupitakana vamati moNtambo zoPilimere

ntani vakadi novamati kwa lisiga omu ava ruganesa eraka. Nomalisigo aga kuvhura

kugaruganesa ngo runone okupongeka vakadona novamati kumwe mosirongwa seRaka.

Yuma yomulyo ngwendi edimbururo, elizuvhu, matokoro nomalirwaneso yigo ava liyongo

nkenye apa moruveze rweraka. Nomukaro dokulisiga-siga dokuhamena mulyo gokutunga

magano govakadi novagara yido dokuruganesa mokunkondopeka nzogero

zomonkondwarongero.

5. Magwanekero noYirongwa peke ntani yuma yongendesorongotavakano Yuma yongendesorongotagakano kwa gwederera mo Elirongo Mukunda, HIVand AIDs,

Elirongo lyVatungimo lyosirongo, Elirongo lyoUnankondo woMuntu Noudemokoli,

mapukururo noMagwanekero neDiwoyirugana konentu nePopero lyoNzira, yangesi va yi tura

nare mongendeserongo ezi za kara po morwa nkenye suma kuna kara unene po

nomatkokotjo nomahomono kuhamena monkarapanwe zaNamibia.

Varongwa vetu navenye va hepa;

Kukwategano nsitwe ezi zomatjokatjoko nomahomono

Kukwategano yikwamako yoyuma monkarapamwe zetu

Kukwategano omu nogusapo matjokatjoko nomahomono aga momukunda gwawo

Matjokatjoko nomahomono gomanene kwa ga dimburura asi;

Kupakera mbili runone rwetu ropansitwe

Yikwamako yoHIV no AIDs

Maudigu goUkanguki gokulipakerera nenyateko, ruhepo royikasayise kumwe nohando

Elisinto lyongenderera lyopankarapamwe eli ali wizapo pahana uhungami

nompangera zencenuno unankando noyitumbukira

Kupira elimburuko komahetayiko goyidimbwiliso yonzira

Yuma youzuni naunye


Yirongwa yimwe ya wapera kurugana kuvyukilira kumwe noyuma yongendeso tavakano.melikwamo lyoyirongwa eli moyili hena

yihonena yoyinzi ya likwata koyuma yongendesotavakano, nye sihonena simwe tupu soyuma ngendesotavakano yiso va gawa oku

konhi.

Elirongo lyeLirongo Mukunda

HIV no AIDS Elirongo lyovatungi

woMosirongo EHRD

Elirongo lyeDiwoyirugankonetu

Epopero lyonzira

Harade 1 Harade 2 Harade 3 Harade 1 Harade 2 Harade 3

Yikorama: tjanga esanseko lyo sikorama semembo mbwa

Kuuyunga noMagwanekero: Kuliyonga omu nopakera mbili vantu wokuvera

Kutjanga: Tjanga esingonono lyokuhamena vanepata

Kupurakena nokukumburura: Kupurakena kovarongwa vana kuuyunga momaraka gokulisiga-siga

Kuruganesa Intanete: Kuruganesa Intanete mokutura mauzera

Kuresa nokutara: Kuresa nompango do mugendo govasingi mbasikora


6. Ngendeso zoKuronga noKulironga Ngendeso zokulironga kwa demenena posihonena sazera nawa selirongodemeneno

pomurongwa mwene ngwendi moomu va yisongonona montjangwaveta zouministeli

nopamutungo gegano lyelirongo-demeneno pomurongwa mwene. Ngendeso zangesi

kuhuguvaresa elirongo lyomulyo ntene nompango va disikisamo nokudiktura moyirugana.

Simpe hena momunene, ngendeso zosumapakerero kuna kara edi lyerwameno merongo

nelirongo.

Sitambo kuna kara sekuliko erongo kumwe nekwategano, ediwo, maukonentu nonomukaro

mokukambeka kekuliko lyopankarapamwe. Nkenye murongwa kuwiza kosure nediwo lyenzi

lyonondunge, lyeyi ga gwanekera nayo, yihorokwa yopankarapamwe neyi ga gwana mepata,

monkarapamwe ntani megwanekero kumwe neyi yomomukunda. Elirongo mosure lyahepa

kuhameseramo etungo, etamununo neranyo ediwo lyomuvarongwa eli va kara nalyo kumwe

noyihorokwa.

Vanona kulironga nawa ntene va li turamo nononkondo mongendeso zelirongo mo

kulihameseramo momunene, pokukambekako nopokuretepo yitundwamo. Nkenye munona

kwa kara pwamwene noyihepwa yendi, nosinano selirongo, yihorokwa nevhuro lyamwene.

Murongi ga hepa kudiva yihepwa yovarongwa yipo a tulisepo yihorokwa yelirongo kutwara

moyihepwa nevhuro lyawo. Nonduganeso derongo da hepa kulisiga-siga ado da gomoka

momutungo gelikwamo lyewa goyirongwa. Nampili moomu va ga hangura maukonentu

geraka mongendesorongo varongi va hepa kudiva asi maukonentu aga va ga ronge pankedi

zehangakano.

Murongi ga hepa kutokora, kutwara momalitundakano goyitamborongo nomatomporo

gokuvhura kusikisamo, oku yina wapere kuronga yikaramo pauzera nezuvhoko pausimbu,

oku yina wapere varongwa va hepa kuvasiga va gwane ndi va papare mauzera vene ndi

ntene vana hepa elirongo pankondopeko neyigareko, ndi ntene pana kara ezokomeho

lyomaukonentu ndi mauzera gongandi aga nava vhura kukwama, ndi ntene varongwa

kuvhura kuvapa mukumo mokugwana nonzira davene moyiparatjangwa ndi moruha

royikaramo.

Erugano monombunga, vavali-vavali ndi gumwe-gumwe ndi nkondwarongero mudima

moruvere rweraka lyokuhova (Rukwangali) va hepa kuliwapayika nokulididilika. Eruganeno

kumwe nelivatero kumwe va hepa kulipa mukumo oku vana kuvhura. Sihonena ngwendi

kuvhura pakare nonduganeso dononzi dokuvhura kugusapo maudigu ntani erugano kumwe

momombunga varongwa kulirongerako yuma kovakwawo, mulyo unene asi yirugana yitante

yuma kovarongwa va mone po elihameno. Moomu varongwa vana kukura momaukonentu

gopaumwene, pankarapamwe nomagwanekero, kuvhura nye kuvapa yitumbukirwa

yokulihamesera momafanayiko nomomakonakono gavene, mepitisiro lyomurongi.

Varongwa wovanzi ava va kara asi Rukwangali yilyo eraka lyawo lyokuhova, vangoso va

kara nare nomaukonentu gediwo lyononkango dononzi komeho va tameke sure. Nye

kovarongwa vamwe ayo kapisi yimo yina kara ngoso. Poyiruwo yimwe ngendeso

zokuzuvhika za hepa kusikamo noyirugana yokuronga eraka lyokuhova ya hepa

kuyiwapukurura, kukulika epwageso magazaro nelizuvho pakuzera nopazuvhikiliro.

Varongwa vamwe ngava gwana mo hambara ngendeso zondongeraka nazinye zemeraka,

nye vamwe simpe ngava rugana mapuko moomu tupu vana kuheteka kuhamesera magano

gawo gelizuvho lyawo asi ngapi omu ali rugana eraka, varongi va hepa nye kutungira pweyi


va diva nare varongwa neyi ava vhuru kurugana, nokuvaronga kuruganesa mutungo geraka

pauhunga, nopokuruganesa eraka pankedi zezokomeho.

Erongo lyoRukwangali lya hepa kugweda mo ediwo usili asi pakara sifano sonkarero zeraka

eli nga li kundama kutjanga momaukaro aga ga karapo nare momunene nokuruganesa

muyungo pakana melikwamo kutunda keraka lyakarapo (lyewa) yize keraka lyahana kuzira

mo.

Nkondwarongenero za hepa kukara zeraka azo zi kare evega omu mwazura nduruka.

Nkenye nkondwarngero mwa hepa kukara ehaneso-bukereso, masanseko

gopankarapamwe, nomutango nomatjangwa aga va rugana kumwe nonkarapamwe

zopamukunda, nomatjangwatoto govarongwa vene nomakarata ndi mapurakate, yizuvhiso

yoyinzi yokulisiga-siga kuvhura kuyiruganesa yimahure maliyongo, sidana nomatjangwatoto

gokutundilira kosasiyona zoradio zopamukunda zomaraka, mafano ga hana nonkango,

yininke youdano wopampo noudano wopampo wovarongwa.

Nampili ngomu asi nonsure dononsesu tupu da weka nokumpyuta dokuruganesa varongwa,

varongi va hepa kukulika ediwo lyomauzera goyiruganakonentu gomazu aga mokatji

kovarongwa wontambo zoPilimere zepevhu. Elikwamo lyongendeso zononkango polili, yipo

asi nosure da kara nonokomputa da hepa kutulisapo elikwamo eli kovarongi novarongwa

yipo ova rugane matjanga. Ediwo lyomauzera gediwoyiruganakonentu va hepa kuga

nkondopeka momaliyongo omu varongwa nava mona nokoputa nomauzera gediwo

yiruganakonentu momukunda gwawo gopankarapamwe, ntani yinke ava ga ruganesa,

nokuresa masanseko ndi kuliyonga mafano gokuhamena mauzera gediworuganakonentu.

Ava nye va gwana mpito zonokomputa kuva korangeda va li simwitilire mauzera aga

nokugaligagavera novakwawo.

Oyo yina kukwamako kuna kara ngendeso zokulikarera zokuvhura kugazara ntene kuna

kuronga maukonentu geraka lyokuhova

Kupurakena nokukumburura

Elirongo eraka pahararasi nopayihorokwa kuna hepa kuyidemenena pontambo ezi yipo

yipindure ekuliko eraka. Varongwa va hepa kuvapa nompito dononzi do kupurakena

komasanseko, kutanga nomutango dononkango dokulifana nokononsumo. Kurugana

mansanseko, nomutango nononsumo davene. Va hepa kudimburara mutango gononkango

demeraka lyoRukwangali nokukulika unene po ukonentu wokuzuvha. Pa hepa kukara

nompito dononzi di likide ekwategano poku gava ekumbururo.

Kuuyunga noMagwanekero

Varongwa va hepa kukara nediwo lyomu nava gwanekera nositambo pokuruganesa nkedi

zouhunga zoRukwangali. Vana hepa kuruganesa mutango geraka pauhunga

nokuvakorangeda va gwanekere pausimbu, palihuguvaro nopamagazaro.

Kuresa noKutara

Kuresa kwa kara ukonentu womulyo mekuliko eraka mosiruwo nasinye separu lyelirongo.

Varongwa va hepa kuruganesa siruwo esi mokugwana ediwo lyokudimburura nomuhagaro,

nonkango, erongotumbwiso, enongonono nongendeso zekwategano yipo ova rese

pavyukiliro hena nositambo. Ediwo kuresa yiwo umbangi wetameko kudimburura

malitundakano pokatji komuhagaro nosidimbwiliso (somuhagaro). Erongo lyelirongo

ntumbwiliso kwa kara sininke somulyo mokuresa yiponye erongo li kare mongendeseso,


palikwamo nomalihameno gomawa. Nye nampili ngoso kuresa nokuvhurasi kutameka

dogoro varongwa va kare nediwo nawa-nawa lyonomuhagaro domoRukwangali nomu nava

di ruganesa (edimbururo, egwanekedeso neruganeso nomuhagaro mononkango

dokuuyunga.

Varongwa va hepa kuvapa mukumo gokuresa nokutara nobuke dononzi doma sanseko ga

hana usili naga gousili nopokuruganesa intaneti noyikwawo ngwendi ediwoyiruganakonentu

ntene yina moneka. Kuna kara mulyo unene asi varongi va gave sihonena sosiwa

monkareso zokuresa. Noperiode dokuresa edi da kara mongendesorongo da hepa

kudiruganesa yipo di kulike mpo zokuresa yimo nokupa mukumo valizenguli mokuresa yipo

ova gwane mo ehafo mokuresa.

Kutjanga

Yitjangwa yovarongwa yankenye ezuva yoRukwangali ya hepa kukara nositambo ayo hena

yitante yuma yipo yi tulisepo ukonentu wontjangeso zongwa, nonomukakaro dokutjanga,

ukonentu wesipero nonduganeso, eyidayidototo yimo nokuvarongikidira yigwanekera

yokomeho. Va hepa kudiva omu nava wapukurura matjangwa gavene nokutulisapo

yiruganatjangogona yoyiwa. Ntjangeso va hepa kuzironga pafwaturuko nopaureru kutwara

mo noperiode dosirongwa sontjangeso edi da karapo nkenye apa nokuruganesa

maukonentu nokuganomena mwaza ngendesorongo apa yina kara hepero.

Mutungoraka, Ndongeraka neRuganesoraka

Mpo nonompango deRaka lyokuhova (Rukwangali) kwa tura mo eruganeso pauhunga

yidivisoreseso, ndongeraka, maruha goyiuyungwa, yiruwo, etungo ntanto, ediwonkango

nontumbwiso, nomuhagaro, maukonentu gelirongo nkango, nonompango desipero

nononduganeso. Moyihorokwa yangesi varongwa va hepa kugwana nompango edi

pafwaturuko yipo ova kare noukonentu wohepero owu ngava ruganesa nkenye apa

moruveze rweraka. Nye nampili ngoso mulyo unene sili asi elirongo li kare lyehafeso,

lyelituromo alyo hena lyokuziramo, yiponye mpo zoRukwangali ntene ano zi lirongo, kuvhura

hena kuziruganesa pankedi hangakano.

7. Matomporo gokuvhura welima Mokuhwilira moHarade 1 zoNtambo zoPilimere zePevhu, varongwa navenye kuna

kuvandindira va kare vana liwapayikire pankarapamwe, palizuvho, panandunge noparutu

mokutameka elirongo lyoRukwangali eli lyakarapo.

Pokumana Harade 3 Rukwangali MoNtambo zoPilimere zePevhu, varongwa kuna kuva

ndindira mokuvhura kulikida oyo yina kukwamako;

Kupurakera noKukumburura

Varongwa kupurakena nefirosinka, nononkondo, nelituromo komatjangwa gopakana

mokulikida ekwategano nepando. Awo va likide elituromo nefumadeko kommuyungi

pokuruganesa mukaro gorutu pauhunga.

Kuuyunga noMagwanekero

Varongwa kugwanekera pauzera nopazuvhikiliro pokuruganesa marudi gokulisiga-siga

gononkango, ndongeraka nomutango ntanto pauhunga, ntumbwiso pauhunga

nelindagurozwi lyokulisiga-siga. Awo kuuyunga siuuyungwa sosisupi vafanayika pokugava


edinkango lyenene po, panandunge, melikwamo, pokutura megano sitambo siuyungwa

novapurakeni.

Awo kugwederera komaliyongo pokulisinta mauzera, kuligawinina magazaro, kupwagesa

magano, kupura mapuro gokulihamena nokulihameseramo nononkondo. Awo kulikida

ukonentu welipakerero papando nompo zokulitamburako pankarapamwe, ngwendi kulipa

marufo gokuuyunga nokutumadeka magano govakwawo.

Kuresa Nokutara

Varongwa kuresa marudi gokulisiga-siga gomasanseko gokupira usili nomatjangwa

gomapukururo pwavene paruhafo, mapukururo nekuliko lyopaumwene. Kudimburura

nontanto nomaruhatanto aga va ruganesa momatjangwa yipo va gwane etanto, elituromo

nelizuvho.kudimburura yirugana yomudanintoni nokugava magano gomaukaro goyihorokwa.

Tava ruganesa ediwo lyonomuhagaro ukonentu wepumbo, yidimbwiliso yokulihamena,

maukonentu gehanguro, kuresa nonduganeso zokuresa mokunongonona nonkango

melihameno. Tava resa pakuzura, pavyukiliro nediwo nkango lyokuvatera ekwategano, tava

resa pakana, nokutumbura pauhunga kumwe nelindagurozwi, etunturo, sinano kumwe

nezwihagaro.

Tava rugana elipuragero lyavene, eliwapukururo-lyavene, epwizumuko nonanduganeso

derugururoreso pauhunga yipo yi kwateseko ekwategano. Tava sansukurura, melikwamo,

egazaro lyene lyomomatjangwa, kudimburura egano lyene-lyene po mesanseko. Tava tura

mauzera goliterature, kurugana usili welikwamo pazeruko nokurugana mahuliso kuhamena

magazaro gomomatjangwa.

Va tare yiruganeso yopamoneko yoyinzi, ngwendi nombapira, nombapira domafano,

yifombudi, mangazina, nodayagrama, yitafura, nokarata, no-DVDs noterevisi, nofilima

nonointanete (ntene kodili) kumwe nositambo sekwategano nediwo lyokumanamo.

Kutjanga

Varongwa va nduruke nondanda nononomora pauhunga pokuruganesa unene nelinapuko

lyokulifana, kulikida muzo gumwe, mugendo gomuwa, ukaro wekwato potorota pauhunga

tava tjanga matjangototo gomanzi gokuliza novapurakeni kumwe nositambo pokuruganesa

magano noyihorokwa yokulifana, pokukulika maukaro nopokuruganesa nomukweyo

domasanseko netameko nouhura. Tava tjanga matjangwa gomanzi aga ga karapo

pauhunga ago-hena ga liza novapurakeni nositambo, aw ova ruganese nkedi zontjangeso

nesipero lyouhunga.

Mutungoraka, Ndongeraka neRuganeso Eraka

Varongwa va ruganese nonkango dononene pauhunga, yitwa, yipuliso, noyizigiliso. Va

ruganese yikapura mokulikida masupipiko neweko lyenunu, yikomona yokuhangura yuma

pelikwamo. Edina kudimburura neruganeso pauhunga nonkangodina dopavaro dokupira

kuvara, nononkangodina depongeko, nonkangorugano.

Va ruganese siruwo sosinanaina, siruwo sosinanaina santani, siruwo sosinanare, nosiruwo

sosinameho pauhunga ntani va ruganese matanto, mapuro noyizigiliso. Va tunge nontanto

dehangakano pokuruganesa yitwikakaneso yokulisiga-siga nokuruganesa nonkango

dokuliza nosirongwa pauhungu yimo tupu nontumbwiso zouhunga.Va ruganesa ediwo lyawo

lyonomuhagaro, ukonentu welirongo nononkango, nonompango desipero nononduganeso.


8. Eliwapayikiro nelikwamo lyontambo zosiplili dogoro harade 3 Mokulikida erunduruko momaukonetu, nondunge nomomaukaro, moNtambo ePilimere

zePevhu eliwapayikiro nelikwamo olyo lina kukwamako kutundilira koNtambo zoSipilili

dogoro ko-harade 3. Nye Nampili ngoso, yikaramo yokulironga yoNtambo zoPilimere ayo

kapi va yi pakamo modokomente ezi nani kuyigwana mo melikwamo lyoyirugana yoPilimere

zePevhu.

Ntambo zopaPilimere zePevhuvhu

Harade 1 Harade 2 Harade 3 Harade 4

Kupurakena neFirosinka nokukumburura pauhunga

Kupurakena: Kesanseko Nomuhgaro dokulifana Nonsumo dokuhafesa Kukumburura papando

Kupurakena nefirosinka: Komasanseko Nomuhagaro dokulifana Kukumburura papando Kupwagesa ekumbururo lyawo kelizuvho lyononkareso noyihorokwa

Kupurakena nefirosinka: Komasanseko Nomuhagaro dokulifana Kukumburura papando Kupwagesa ekumbururo lyawo kelizuvho lyonkareso noyihorokwa

Kupurakena nefirosinka: Nomasanseko Nomuhagaro dokulifana Nonsumo Nomuteu Kukumburura papando Kupwagesa ekumbururo lyawo kelizuvho lyononkareso noyihorokwa

Kusansukurura ruha rwesanseko mononkango damwene

Kusansukurura esanseko mokugava edi lye sanseko

Kusansukurura esanseko mokugava egano lyenene nomafwatururo gamwe

Kusansukurura esanseko mokugava egano lyenene nomafwatururo gamwe

Kupurakena nokukumburura konompangera dopakana

Kupurakena nokukumburura kono mpangera, nombudi dopakana, mazuvhiso nomapukururo

Kupurakena nokkumburura konompangero nonombudi, dopakana, mazuvhiso nomapukururo

Kupurakena nokukumburura kelikwamo lyonompangera, nonombudi dopakana,

Mazuvhiso nomapukururo

Kurugurura elikwamo lyononkango da -3 dogoro 4

Kupurakena nokuruguruka pakana elikwamo lyononkango – 2 doureru ntani lyonontato 4-5

Kupurakena nokurugurura pakana elikwamo lyonontanto doureru da 3 ndi 1 (zimwe) donontanto dokupaka kumwe

Kupurakena nokukumburura kelikwamo lyonompangera nonombudi dopakana, mazuvhiso nomapukururo

Kukumburura pokufaneka, kutemwinina

Kukumburura pokufaneka kutemwina

Kukumburura pokufaneka, kutemwinina




nokudana sidana nokudana sidana nokudana sidana

Kulikida etamburo lyoukaro wokupurakena pokundindira siruwo sokuuyunga pahana edonganeso lyongandi

Kulikida ukaro wetamburoko wokupurakena pokundindira siruwo sokuuyunga pahana edonganeso nopokukumburako pagazaro nawa

Kulikida ukaro wetamburoko wokupurakena pokundindira siruwo sokuuyunga, pokulikida mbuyungiso zorutu pauhunga, kupura mapuro yipo yifaturuke nawa nokugava magano gamwene

Kulikida ukaro wetamburoko wokupurakena pokundindira siruwo sokuuyunga, pokulikida mbuyungiso zongwa zorutu, pokukumbururako nopokupwagesa magano ga mwene, pokupanda ndi pokudira kupanda

EGWANEKERO PAVHUKILIRO, PALIHUGUVARO NOPAMAGANO

Kuuyunga kumwe pausimbu nelihuguvaro yokuhamena mwene nomukunda gwendi

Kuuyunga kumwe pausimbu nopalihuguvaro

Kuuyunga kumwe pausimbu nelihuguvaro

Kuuyunga kumwe pausimbu nelihuguvaro

Kuruganesa eraka LYAkenye ezuva pakuzuvhiko nopagazadaro, epwageso, elindaguroezwi pauhunga, etumburo nawa, neruganeso ediwo lyeraka nononkango

Kuruganesa eraka lyankenye ezuva pakuzuvhiko nopagazadaro, nepwageso, elindagurozwi netumburo pauhunga, neruganeso lyeraka nononkango

Kuruganesa eraka nkenye ezuva pakuzuvhika nopagazadaro, nepwageso, elindagurozwi, netumburo pauhunga neruganeso lyeraka nononkango

Kuruganesa nkedi zefumadeka ntene kuna morora, kuna hundira epulisiro, kuna kupandura ndi kuna hundira egusiropo

Kuruganesa nkedi uyungiso zefumadeko ntene kuna kumorora kupura epuro kupura epulisiro kupandura hundira egusiropo ntani kulidivisa nyamoge

Kuruganesa nkedi zefumadeko ntene kuna kuna morora, kupura epuro, kuna kupandura, kuna kuhundira egusiropo ntani kulidivisa nyamoge

Kuruganesa nkedi zefumadeko ntene kuna kumorora, kupura epuro, kupandura kuhundira egusiropo ntani kulidivisa nyamoge.

SITAMBO SERAKA

Kusanseka masanseko

Kusanseka masanseko mokuruganesa nontanto doureru

Kusanseka masanseko gokuliwapayikira naga gokupira

Kusanseka masanseko gokuliwapayikira naga gokupira




nonomutungo deraka pauhunga

kuliwapayikira nontanto doureru nedi dokutwika-kana, nomutungo geraka pauhunga

kuliwapayikira, kuruganesa nontanto doureru nedi dokutwikakana, nomutungo geraka pauhunga

Kuuyunga nomutango dokuhagara kulifana nokudimba nonsumo

Kuuyunga nomutango dokuhagara kulifana nokudimba nonsumo

Kuuyunga nomutango dokuhagara kulifana nomutango, kudinga eraka nokudimba nonsumo

Kuuyunga nomutango dokuhagara kulifana, nongano, nomuteu, kutanga nomutango, kudimba nonsumo

nokurugana euyungo vali lyoureru

kudiworoka yihorokwa yamwene

Kudiworoka yihorokwa yamwenene

Kudiworoka nombudi dononzi danayinye doyihorowka

Kudiworoka yihorokwa nokupwagesa elizuvho nomagano

Kusingonona suma, sininke, sikorama ndi sihorokwa/sipimpo

Kusingonona suma, sikorama, muntu ndi sihorokwa/sipimpo

Kusingonona suma, muntu ndi sihorokwa/simpipo

Kufwaturura moyitumbwiso youreru omu a yirugana yininke

Kufwaturura mokusanseka omu a yirugana yininke

Kufwaturura ngendeso omu ayirugana yininke; gava evyukiso

Kupukurura pokusimwitira nkedi zokuruganesa

Kupukurura pokusimwitira nkedi sokuruganesa

Kupuragera pokupura mapuro o gwane mauzera

Kupuragera pokupura mapuro o gwane mauzera

Kupuragera pokupuragera vantu nositanmbo

Kulimburura mapuro pokuruganesa nontanto doureru

Kulimburura mapuro pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nokuruganesa mutungo geraka pauhunga

Kulimburura mapuro pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nonontanto va twikakana nokuruganesa mutungo geraka pauhunga

Kulimburura mapuro pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nonontanto va twikakana nokuruganesa mutungo geraka pauhunga

MAFANO NEGAWOMAUZERA Tumbura egano lyoureru nokulihungameka

Tumbura egano lyoureru nokulihungameka

Kuwapayika nokugava elikido

Kuwapayika nokugava mbudi zankenyezuva

Kuwapayika nokugava siuyungwa

Kuwapaika siuyungwa sosi supi sokulikida asi




lyoureru nokusimwitira

pokulikida asi yilye, yinke, ezuvake ntani kupi

soureru sokulikida asi yilye, yinke, ezuvake, kupi ntani morwasinke ntani

ezuvake, kupi ntani morawsinke; etameko, pokatji kouhura;

etameko yilivatereso yokumoneka; Nduganeso zokuhokwesa vapurakeni

KURESA NOKUTARA

EDIWO LYELIZUVHO

Kulikida ezuvho lyoyimoneka nezuvhoko (hear)

Kulikida ezuvho lyoyimoneka nezuvhoko



Edimbururo egwanekero neruganeso nomuharo mononkango dokuuyunga

Kudimburura nonkango montanto

Kuvara nokuruganesa nonkango doureru monontanto nokuvara yintetwa mononkango doureru

Kuruganesa nonkangodina monontanto, nokuvara nokuruganesa yintentwa mono nkango

Kutamununa nontanto mokugwedako efwatururo, ntani kuvara nokuruganesa yintetwa mononkango dononzi doyintetwa

Kudimburura nonkango donomuhagaro dokulifana

Kudimburura nonkango donomuhagaro dokulifana, nokuhangura pokatji konondandazwi donomuhagaro dononsupi nedi dononde

Kudimburura nonkango dono muhagaro dokulifana, nokuhangura pokatji konondazwidomuhagaro gomusupi nogu gomure

Kudimburura nokupinganeseramo nonkango dokulifana nomuhagaro nokuhangura pokatji kononkango domuhagaro gomusupi nogu gomure

kudimburura muhagaro geketameko (pahagaro) mono nkango doureru

Kudimburura nokuruganesa muhagaro geketameko (pamuhagaro) mononkango doureru

Kudimburura nokuruganesa muhagaro geketameko nogu gokouhura (pahagaro) mononkango doureru

Kudimburura nokuruganesa muhagaro geretameko, pokatji nokouhura (pahagaro) mononkango doureru

Kudimburura nokurugana

Kudimburura Kudimburura

marugururo gonomuhagaro

nokuruganesa marugururo gonomuhagaro

nokuruganesa marugururo gonomuhagaro

dokuhova mononkango

Dokuhova mononkango

Dokuhova monontanto




doureru

kurumbakana (blend) nokuhangura nononkango dosintetwa simwe ( onset) (ketameko nokouhura)

kurumbakana nohangura nonkango dosintetwa simwe kumwe nonomuhagaro donondanda mbali (onset) (etamako nokouhura)

kurumbakana nokuhangura nonkango dosintetwa simwe kumwe nono Muhangaro gonondanda ntatu (ketameko nokouhura)

EWAPAYIKO NONTATEKO ZOYIMONEKA YONDURUKA

Kundimburura kokulituntika asi nduruka kuziresa kutunda korumoho o ze korulyo, kutunda keguru o ze pevhu, mafano nonduruka kutanta yuma ano nonkango kudihangura nomavega

Kudimburura ko kulituntika asi nduruka kuziresa kutnda korumoho o ze korulyo, kutunda keguru o ze pevhu, mafano nonduruka kutanta yuma ano nonkango kudihangura nomavega

Kulikda asi nduruka kuziresa kutunda korumoho o ze korulyo, keguru pevhu

Kulikida asi nduruka kuziresa kutunda korumoho o ze korulyo, keguru pevhu

Kulikida nkedi zouhunga zokukwata nombapira, poku dikwata ado dina vyukilire nokudimburura meho nosikudumiko sonyima zaso

Kulikida nkedi zo uhunga zoku kwata nompapira poku di kwata ado dina vyukilire noku dimburura meho nosikudumiko sonyima zaso

Kulikida nkedi zo uhunga zoku kwata nompapira pokudikwata ado dina vyukilire nokudimburura meho nosikundumiko sonyima zaso

Kulikida nkedi zouhunga zokukwata nombapira pokudikwata ado dina vyukilire nokudimburura meho nosikudumiko sonyima zaso,

nosiparatjangwa nosiparatjangwa nomutjangi

noparatjangwa nomutjangi nomufaneki mafano

NOMUHAGARO

Kudimburura pakulituntika nokutumbura edina lyononondad

Kudimburura madina gonondanda ntani muhagaro gonondanda ntani

Kudimburura madina gono ndanda ntani muhagaro gono ndanda

Kudimburura madina gonondanda ntani muhagaro gonondanda




na ntanii nonomuhagaro dazimwe

elikwamo lyomukweyo gonondanda

nelikwamo lyomukweyo gonondanda

nelikwamo lyomukweyo gonondanda

Kuresa nonkango donondada ntatu nomuhagaro gomusupi gonondandazwi

Kuresa nonkango donondanda ntatu nomuhagaro gomusupi gonondandazwi

Kuresa nonkango dontambo hetakano dokutameka ndi kuhagesa nonondanda rambakano mbali

Kuresa nonkango dontambo hetakano dokutameka ndi kuhagesa nononda rumbakano mbali

Kuresa nonkango dontambo-hetaka no dokutameka ndi kuhagesa nonondanda rumbakano mbali

Kuresa nonkango dontambo hetakano dokutameka kononondanda rambakano ntatu

Kuresa nonkango dontambo hetakano dokutamekesa konondanda rumbakano ntatu

Kuresa nonkango dontambo hetakano omu muna kara nondanda da hana muhagaro nonondanda mbali

Kuresa nonkango dontambo hetakano omu muna kara nondanda da hana muhagaro nonondanda mbali

Kuresa nonkango dontambo-hetakano omu muna kara nondanda da hana muhagaro dambali, nonondanda da hana

donondandazwi donondandazwi kuzuvika ntani nondandazwi mbali

Kuresa nonkango dontambo – hetakano omu muna kara nondanda da hana muhagaro ntantu kulikwama

Kuresa nonkango dontambo hetakano omu muna kara nondanda da hana muhagaro ntatu kulikwama

Kuresa nonkango dontambo-hetakano omu muna kara nondanda da hana muhagaro ne dokulikwama

Kuresa nonkango dontambo-hetakano pothongs

Kuresa nonkango dontambo – hetakano nonodiphoghs

Kuresa nonkango dontambo-hetakano nonodipthongs

Kudiworoka nonkangodiwo






nononkango da hwa kumonayika mosireswa

nononkango dahwa kumonayika mosireswa

nononkango da hwa kumonayika mosireswa

NDUGANESO ZENONONGONONO

Kunongonona nombapira do mafano pokuresa nopokutunga masanseko

Kunongonona nombapira domafano pokuresa nopo kutunga masanseko

Kunongonona nombapira do mafano nokutunga masanseko

Kunongonona no mbapira domafano nokutunga masanseko

Kunongonona matjangwa goureru pokuruganesa ukonentu wepumbo nediwo lyonomuhagaro gwagumwe

Kunongonona nonkango edi va pira kudiva pokuruganesa ediwo lyonomuhagaro

Kunongonona nonkango nomatjangwa aga va pira kudiva pokuruganesa ukonentu wepumbo noyihorokwa yokugava

Kunonongonona nonkangonoma aga va pira kudiva pokuruganesa ukonentu wepumbo noyihorokwa yokugava

mauzera nediwo lyonomu hagaro

wauzera nediwo lyonomuhagaro

Kuruganesa ndunga neso erugururoreso netwikido reso nokugwana nonkango nomatjangwa aga va pira kudivikwa

Kuruganesa ndunganeso zerugururoreso netwikidoreso mokugwana nonkango ndi matjangwa aga ga pira kudivikwa

NDUNGANESO ZOKURESA NEKWATEGANO

Kuruganesa nduganeso ze kwategano yipo zi tunge etanto; kuruganesa mafano ga gave uzera, nduruka noyihorokwa ya mwene

Kuruganes ndungneso ze kwategano yipo zi tunge etanto; pokukuruganesa yihorokwa yamwene, nediwo, mauzera gomafano noyiparatjangwa

Kuruganesa nduganeso ze kwategano mokusikisamo etanto; kuruganesa yihorokwa yamwene nediwo mauzera gomafano, nduruka, kulipura mapuro nyamoge, kuwapeka mapuko ganyamoge kupwizumuka nokuresurura mo hena

Kuruganesa ndunganeso zekwatogano yipo li sikemo etanto; kuruganesa yihorokwa yamwene nediwo, mauzera gomafano, nduruka, kulipura mapuro nyamoge, kuwapeka mapuko ga nyamoge, kupwizumuka nokuresurura mo hena

EKWATEGANO

Kuresa mbapira

Kuresa esanseko lyoureru

Kuresa esanseko nokudana sidana

Kuresa masanseko, tu




zomafano nokusimwitira esanseko ndi kudana sidana mo kulikida ezuvho

nokusimwitira esanseko ndi kudana sidana mokulikida ezuvho

mokulikida ezuvho mutango ko tusupi nonkango dokuhagara kulifana

Kutura mafano malikwamo pauhunga nokusansukurura

Kutura mafano melikwamo, nokutjanga nontannto doureru

Kutura melikwamo mauzera ngwendi mafano ngoso nokutura nontanto

Kutura mauzera melikwamo pananaunye ngwendi nontanto,

esanseko mokuninka esanseko

melikwamo lyewa di tante yuma

mafano nodiagarama, mapukururo gomu no tereka nondya ga tante

yuma

Kuuyunga yo kuhamena masanseko nokulimburura mapuro goureru padiwondanda

Kulimburura mapuro goureru padiwondanda nomapuro goureru Gopalikwamo lyokuzeruka goku hamena komatjangwa

Kulimburura mapuro goureru padiwo ndanda palikwamozeruko gana namene Komatjangwa, nokugava magano gokuhamena ko yihorokwa nomaukaro

Kulimburura padiwondanda mapuro yimo nomapuro gopa likwamo zeruko Gana hamene ketjangwa nokugava mafano nepanguro kuhamena yihorokwa. Kugava ekamo lyesupi kuhamena etjangwa

KURESA KOKULIMWENENA NOKURESA KUZIGURUKA NOSITAMBO NOKURESA NEKWATEGANO

Kudiva hepero neharo lyokuresa

Kulikida hepero neharo lyokuresa

Kulikida hepero neharo lyokuresa pwagelike

Kulikida hepero neharo lyokuresa pwagelike

Kulininkisa, kuresa mbapira zomafano zonduruka ndi zokupira nduruka no sitambo sekwategano

Kuresa marudi gomatjangwa goyirukirwa gontambo hetakano pakumwena ndi nopakuziguruka nositambo nekwategano

Kuresa marudi gomatjangwa go pantambo hetakano pakumwena ndi pakuziguruka nomugendo gokuzira mo, nositambo nekwategano

Kuresa marudi gomatjangwa gopantambo hetakano pakumwena ndi pakuziguruka nomugendo gokuziramo nekwategano

Kuresa marudi gomauzera gopamatjangwa

Kuresa marudi gomauzera gomatjangwa

Kuresa marudi gomauzera gomatjangwa




gontambo hetakano gopontambo hetakano

gopantambo zehetakano

noyiruganeso yokumoneka yokupakesapo

noyiruganeso yokumoneka

noyiruganesa yokumoneka

nokugusisapo mauzera

yokupakesapo nokugusisapo mauzera

yokupakesapo nokugusisapo

Aga va tamba Aga va tamba Mauzera aga va tamba

Kuresa matjangwa gontambo-hetakano pakuziguruka nekwategano, patumburo pauhunga, pazuvhikiliro patunturo pauhunga, evhuliko kepongo

Kuresa matjangwa gontambo –hetakano, kuziguruka, nekwategano netumburo pauhunga, pazuvhikiliro, patunturo

Kuresa matjangwa gontambo hetakano kuziguruka, nekwategano netumburo pauhunga pazuvhikiliro patunturo pazwi sinano pavhuliko kepongo

Kuresa kepiro kuliwapayikira kontambo hetakano matjangwa goureru, pokuziguruka nekwategano pauhunga kuzuvhikilira patunturo

Kuresa kepiro kuliwapayikira kontambo-hetakano, matjangwa goureru, pakuziguruka nekwategano pauhunga, pakuzuvhikilira, patunturo

Kuresa kepiro kuliwapayikira, kontambo hetakano, matjangwa goureru pakuziguruka nekwategano pauhunga pakuzuvhikilira patanturo

EKUMBURURO EDIWONDANDA NOKUTJANGA

Kudimburura maukaro noyihorokwa yoyinene

Kudimburura maukaro, mavega ndi yiruwo yoyihorokwa yoyinene

Kudimburura maukaro, yiruwo nomavega gomanunu

Kudimburura mutungofano gomatjangwa, etameko ne hagero

Kudimburura mtungofano gomatjangwa etameko nehagero

Kudimburura nontanto nomaruha ntanto geturopo malizuvho

MATJANGESO

Kulikida etameko lyekuliko

Lyononsipa Kulikida nonsipa Kulikida ekwato Kulikida ekwato




dononunu, eruganeno kumwe lyeho nokuwoko, kuwoko komulyo po, ekwato potorota nomukaro gokuhingira

dononunu, eruganeno kumwe lyeho nokuwoko, kuwoko komulyo po, ekwato potorota no mukaro gorutu

nawa potorota nomukaro gorutu

nawa potorota nomukaro gorutu

Kulikida etameko lyekuliko lyeligumaguro lyokuwoko pa ruguruko, pokuruganesa mpo zokutunda korumoho yi ze korulyo, keguru pevhu

Kulikida maukonentu gamwe mokutjanga pampo zeruguruko nomugendo gokutunda korumoho gu ze rulyo, keguru pevhu

Kulikida eruguruko nomugendo montjangeso

Kulikida eruguruko nomugendo montjangeso

Kurundurura nokutjanga madina gawo

Kunduruka nondanda, nonkango, nontanto nonomora pauhaya nopa kuvhura kuresa nomutungofano gouhunga, pokuruganesa unene no mavega

Kunduruka nondanda, nonkango, nontanto, nonomora pauhunga, nopa kuvhura kuresa nomutungofano gouhunga, pokuruganesa unene nomavega

Kunduruka, nondanda, nonkango, nontanto, nonomora pauhunga nopa kuvhura kuresa, no mutungofano gouhunga, pokuruganesa unene nonomavega gokulifana

Kulikida hepero nenyeneno lyokutjanga

Kulikida hepero nenyeneno lyokutjanga

Kulikida hepero nenyeneno lyo kutjanga

Kulikida enyeneno lyokutjanga

Kutjanga eresotjango nkango – 2 ne neresotjango ntanto 4-5 doureru

Kutjanga eresotjango ntanto -3 doureru neresotjango ntanto detwikakano -2

Kutjanga eresotjango ntanto doureru – 4 ndi eresotjango ntanto detwikakano -2

Kutjanga masansekototo gokusika konontanto – 5 doureru

Kutjanga masansekototo gokusika konontanto -5 -6 ntani nontantotwikakano

Kutjanga masanseko toto gonontanto – 6 nonontanto siparatjangwa, etameko pokatji, nokouhura, mukaro




nosiparatjangwa, etameko nehagero

nevega ndi siruwo

Kutjanga tumutango toureru

Kutjanga tumutango toureru

Kutjanga tumu tango toureru tono nkango do kulifana mono muhagaro

Kutjanga, kudiworoka yihorokwa yopa umwene etameko nehagero lyoureru, nokuruganesa matanto yilye, yinke, ezuvake kupi

Kutjanga, kudiworoka yihorowakwa yopaumwene etameko nehagero lyoureru, kuruganesa matanto yilye, yinke, ezuvake, kupi

Kutjanga kudiworoka yihorokwa yopa umwene ndi yoku kunduruka, netameko pokatji nehagero, nopo kuruganesa matanto yilye, yinke, ezuvake, kupi, morwasinke ntani ngapi

Kutjanga esingonono lyousili pokuruganesa no ntanto 4-5 do ureru

Kutjanga esingonono lyousili po kuruganesa nontanto 4-5 nedi detwikakano doureru

Kutjanga esingonono lyousili pokuruganesa nontanto 5-6 doureru nonontanto detwikakano pokuruganesa ntatno zosiparatjangwa

Kutjanga gendeso zoureru ndi muzumo gonompangera gokutanta omu ava rugana yininke

Kutjanga elikwamo lyongendeso zoureru,ndi muzumo gonompangera, ngendeso zewapayiko

nondya ndi nontambo domahetayiko gokutanta omu ava rugana yininke

Kutjanga mapuro goureru mokugwana mauzera pokuruganeso yilye, yinke, ezuvake ntani morwasinke

Kutjanga mapuro goureru mokugwana mauzera pokuruganesa yilye, yinke, ezuvake ntani morwasinke

Kutjanga mapuro gomapuragero goureru mokugwana mauzera pokuruganesa yilye, yinke, ezuvake, morwasinke ntani




ngapi

Kutjanga matanto goureru pokulikida egano nehungameko

Kutjanga matanto goureru pokulikida egano nehungamoko

Kutjanga tu karata no mazigido goureru

Kutjanga tu karata nomazigido goureru

Kutjanga tu karata no mazigido go ureru

Kutjanga mbilive zopaundambo nomazuva mbarekeso, rutu, ehuliso nedina

NGENDESO ZEWAPUKURURO KUTJANGA

Kutjanga nouhaya nevhuro kuresa sintokora tjango sokuhulilira pokuruganesa ngendeso zewapukururo lyamoge mokugweda, mo nonkango di wapeke etanto, nokuruganesa nondanda dononene, noyitwa, nokuwapeka mapuko gamwe gesipero

Kutjanga nouhaya nevhuro kuresa sintokora sokuhulilira pokuruganesa ngendeso zewapukururo lyamoge mo kugweda mo nokugusamo nonkango yipo di wapeke etanto, yidivisoreseso yimwe eruganeso ndongeraka pauhunga nokuwapeka mapuko gesipero

Kutjanga nouhaya nevhuro kuresa sintokora sokuhulilira pokuruganesa ngendeso zewapakururo moku gweda mo ndi kugusamo nonkango monontanto ndi, kuturo melikwamo yidivisoreseso nokuruganesa nondongera pauhunga nokuwapeka mapuko

Gesipero pauhunga

MUTUNGORAKA, NDONGERA NERUGANESO ERAKA NONDANDA DONONENE NOYIDIVISORESESO

Nondanda dononene noyidivisoreseso

Kunenepeka nkango zokuhova montanto, nkwantelinkangodina “ame” ntani madina goyikorama yemembo

Kunenepeka nkango zokuhova montanto, nkwatelinkangodina ‘ame’, madina goyikorama yemembo novantu, mazuva gomosivike, makwedi go momvhura, ntani nkango zokuhova zosiparatjangwa sombapira

Nenepeka nkango zokuhova montanto, nkwatelinkangodina ‘ame’ madina goyikorama yemembo novantu, mazuva gomosivike, makwedi gomomvhura, nkango zokuhova zosiparatjangwa sombapira, mazuva gokulikarera naga gepwizumuko,




nodoropa, nonkurudoropa (yitata) noyirongo, ndanda zouhova zedina lyomuntu, unasirongo neraka

Kuruganesa sitwa kouhura wontanto

Kuruganesa sitwa kouhura wontanto nosipuliso kouhura wepuro

Kuruganesa sitwa kouhura wontanto, sipuliso kouhura wepuro nosizigiliso sokulikida elizuvho

Kuruganesa sitetonkango mokusupipika nkango ndi nonkango

Kuruganesa sitetonkango silikide eweko sihonena (buke za Joni)(/)

Kuruganesa sikomona si hangure elikwamo lyoyininke

Kuruganesa sikomona si hangure elikwamo lyoyininke

RUHAUYUNGO

Kuruganesa nonkangodina mwadene ntani nomadinadina

Kudimburura, kutumbura nokuruganesa nonkangodina mwadene ntani nomadinadina

Kudimburura, kutumbura nokuruganesa nonkangodina dopavaro nononkangodina dokupira kuvara ntani nonkangodina depongeko

Kuruganesa nonkwantelikangodina; ame, ove, age, aso, ose, awo

Kuruganesa nonkwateli nkangodina; ame, ove, age, aso, ose, awo

Kuruganesa nonkwartelinkangodina; ame, ove, age, aso, ose, awo

Kuruganesa nonkwatelinkango dina dopaweko; yange, yoge, yeni, yendi, yawo

Kuruganesa nonkwatelinkangodina dopaweko; zange, zoge, zawo, zetu, zendi

Kuruganesa no nkwatelinkangodina dopaweko; sange, soge, seni, sendi, setu, sawo

Kuruganesa nonkangorugano mwadene

Kudimburura kutumbura nokuruganesa nonkango rugano mwadene

Kudimburura, kutumbura nokuruganesa nonkango rugano mwadene




Kuruganesa nonkango dondikedevega doureru

Kuruganesa nonkango dondikedevega doureru

Kuruganesa nonkango dondikedevega

Kuruganesa nonsingonona nkangodina

Kuruganesa nonsingonona nkangodina ngo nkango zina kusingonona nkangodina

Kudimburura kutumbura nokuruganesa nonsingononankangodina ngo nkango zina kusingonona nkangodina

Kuruganesa nkangokwafi ngonkango zina kusingonona nkango rugano

SIRUWO SOSINANAINA NOSIRUWO SOSINANARE

Kurganesa siruwo sosinaina nosiruwo sosinanare (kuuyunga kwelike mokusingonona nkangorugano

Kusinta nkangorugano zi tunde kosiruwo sosi nanaina zize kosiruwo sosinanare sihonena; Kuvatuka/vatukire/ kuuyunga/uyungire

Kusinta nkangorugano zi tunde kosiruwo sosinaina zi ze kosiruwo sosi nanare sihonena; kukuhwa/kuhwire Kupura/pulire

Kusinta nkangorugano zi tunda kosiruwo sosinaina zi ze kosiruwo sosinanare sihonena; kuhageka/hagekere Kuzigida/zigidire

Kusinta nkedi zompipatano zo nkangorugano zi tunde mosiruwo sosinanaina zi ze mosiruwo sosinanare

Kusinta nkendi pataneso zo nkangorugano zi tuned ko siruwo sosinanaina zi ze kosiruwo sosinanare

Kusinta nkedi pataneso zo nkangorugano zi tuned ko siruwo sosinanaina zi ze kosiruwo sosinanare

Kusinta nkangorugano zi tunde kosiruwo sosinanaina zi ze mosiruwo sosinanare sihonena; kulya/lire

Kusinta nkango rugano zi tunde mosiruwo sosinanaina zi ze mosiruwo sosinanare sihonena; kudimba/dimbire kurugana/ruganese

Kusinta nkangorugano zi tunde mosiruwo sosinanare zi ze mosiruwo sosinanare sihonena; kuronga/rongere

Kusinta nkedi zompipatano zonkangorugano zi tunde mosiruwo

Kusinta nkedi zompipatano zo nkangorugano zi tunde mosiruwo

Kusinta nkedi zompipatano zo nkangorugano zi tunde mosiruwo




sosinanaina zi ze mosiruwo sosinanare

sosinanaina zi ze mosiruwo sosinanare

sosina naina zi ze mosiruwo sosinanare

SIRUWO SOSINANAINA SONTANI

Kuruganesa nkangorogano za divikwa (kuuyunga kwelike) mokusingonona eyi yina kuhoroka ngesi, taantani sihonena; Ame kuna kufaneka (ngesi)

Kuruganesa nkangorugano za divikwa mokusingonona eyi ndi eyi yina kupira kuhoroka ngesi ndi taantani ngesi sihonena; ame kuna kuresa(ngesi) ndi ame kapi nina kuresa (ngesi)

Kuruganesa nkangorugano za divikwa mokusingonona eyi yina ndi eyi yina kupira kuhoroka ngesi ndi taantani (ngesi) sihonena; Age kuna kurara (ngesi) ndi age kapi ana kurara (ngesi)

Kuruganesa nkangorugano za, divikwa mokusingonona eyi yina ndi eyi yina kupira kuhoroka (ngesi) ndi taantani (ngesi) sihonena; Paurusa kuna kurugana yirugana yendi (ngesi) ndi Paurusa kapi ana kurugana yirugana yendi (ngesi)

Kuruganesa nkangorugano za divikwa mokusingonona sihorokwa soko meho sihonena; ame kuna kadingura omama sivike oso

Kuruganesa nkangorugano za divikwa mokuruganesa sihorokwa sokomeho sihonena; Otate tava katuka ko sitenguko

Kuruganesa nkangorugano za divikwa mokuruganesa sihorokwa sokomeho sihonena; mukurwange gomugara kuna kutereka ngurova zeezi

SIRUWO SOSINAMEHO

Kuruganesa nkangorugano za divikwa (kuuyunga kwelike) sihonena; Ame ngani za kembo lyomama

Kuruganesa nkangorugano za divikwa, sihonena; Nga ndi kapi nga tu vamona otate sivike oso

Kuruganesa nkangorugano sihonena: yikorama nga ndi kapi nga yi nwa mema ketope

Kuruganesa nkangorugano sihonena; Mvhura ozo nga ndi kapi ngani kara moHarade 4 ntani mumbyange gomukadi nga wiza aya kare.




mungura

ETUNGONTANTO, MPO ZOKURUGANA YUMA NONOVETA

Kupakerera nontanto pokuruganesa ntani (kuuyunga kwelike)

Kutunga nontato doureru pokuruganesa nonkangotwikakano ‘ntani’ no ‘ndi’

Kutunga nontanto doureru nonontanto va pakakana kumwe, pokuruganesa no nonkangotwikakano ‘sene’ no ‘ntani’ ‘nye’ morwa

Kutunga nontanto doureru nonontanto va pakana kumwe pokuruganesa nonkangotwikakano dina kutanta ruveze/elikwamo/ pomuhowo/ sokukwamako ntani, siruwo esi, komeho, konyima

Kuruganesa veta zosigwanekede sosinki sokuliza nonkangorugano sihonena; mukadona ta dana vakadona tava dana

Kuruganesa veta sigwanekedesoninki sokuliza nonkangorugano sihonena; Mbwa ta zi rara porugorongwa, nombwa ta di rara porugorongwa

Kuruganesa veta zosisigwanekedesoninki sokuliza nonkangorugano sihonena; nzomvhu ta viragura murondo gwendi vanzomvhu tava viragura nomurondo dawo

Kuruganesa nonkangorugano odo kuvhura, mokupwagesa evhuro nopokuhundira epulisiro

Kuruganesa nkangorugano kuvhura, (evhuro) evhuro (epulisiro) ntani hepa, pokupwagesa yihepwa

Kuruganesa nkango rugano kuvhura, hepa, vhulire, hepere

Kuruganesa yinunu, yinzi

Kuruganesa yinunu, yinzi, yimwe, nkenye, hawe

Kuruganesa yinunu, yinzi, yimwe, nkenye, hawe, nayinye, nkenye simwe, nkenyegu,navenye

Kuruganesa no nkango dondikido yesi, sinontani oyo

Kuruganesa nonkango dondikido yeyi, sino ntani oyo

Kuruganesa nonkango dondikido yeyi, sina ntani oyo

ELIRONGODIWONKANGO

Kudimburura nonkango dosi ntau simwe ntani ruha rononkango doyintau yivali

Kudimburura nonkango dosintau simwe ntani ruha rononkango doyintau yivali noyintau yitatu

Kudimburura nonkango dokulifana metumburo nye

Kudimburura nonkango dokulifana metumburo nye da




da lisiga metanto yipo o rugane ehoroworo lyouhunga pokutjanga masanseko nomaresotjango

lisiga metanto yipo o rugane ehorowo lyouhunga pokutjanga masanseko nomaresotjango

Kudimburura nonkango dokulifana metumburo nye da li siga metanto nokudiruganesa pauhunga

Kudimburura nonkango doyikara yosigara neyi yosikadi

Kudimburura nonkango doyikara yopasigara nopasikadi dokuhamena kovanepata

Kudimburura nonkango doyikara yopasigara nopasikadi dokuhamenena kovanepata

Kugwedako yitumbikiro huliso yipo ehulisopo lyonkango mesipero lilisinte Sihonena: Ngwe+ndi=ngwendi

Kugwedako yitumbikiro Sihonena: Ndi+no=ndino

Kudimburura nokuhetakanesa malifano



nomalisigo goureu nomalisigo goureru

nomalisigo goureru

Kusipera nzira zonsupi zonkango ndi nonkango Sihonena;

Kufwaturura nokuruganesa yisewe Sihonena: tara tako ntani ono kuvatuka unene

Kuforoma payinzi zononkangodina dokulifana pokuturako



Kuforoma payinzi zononkangodina Sihonena: Mugara-vagara Munona-vanona

Kuforoma mopayinzi yononkangodina Sihonena:(Vagara)-mugara




(nonzwi)-nzwi ((yiyaha)-siyaha (mapenda)-ependa (mukadi)-vakadi

NDUNGANESO ZESIPERO

Kuhageresa nonkango doureru pokuruganesa ediwo lyomalitundakano lyondanda/nomuhagaro

Kuhagaresa nonkango doureru pokuruganesa ediwo lyomalitundakano lyondanda/nomuhagaro

Kuhagaresa nonkango doureru pokuruganesa ediwo lyomalitundakano lyondanda/nomuhagaro

Kuhangura nonkango kuruganesa etameko nehuliso ntani epakerera nondanda

Kuhangura nonkango pokuruganesa etameko nehuliso epakerero nondanda ntani yintetwa

Kuhangura nonkango pokuruganesa etameko nehuliso epakero nondanda ntani yitentwa

Kutemwinino,kurundurura, nokutunga nonkango nonkango adi monayika nkenyepa moyireswa sihonena; ngwendi , po, sene, ntani, aso tantere, ame, ove, gumwe

Kutemwinina kurundurura nokutunga nonkango kusipera nonkango donompe no nonkango do edi adi monayike nkenye apa moyireswa dopantambo hetakano sihonena; yimwe, konyima, rumwe tupu, kupi

Kutemwinina, kurundurura nokutunga nonkango nokurugana udano wokudiworoka mokusipera nonkango donompe nononkango edi adi monayika nkenye apa moyireswa dopantambo hetakano sihonena; yoge, kapisi, yawo

Kulikida omu za fana nkango; kulikida no patorona, ure wononkango, yihwi noyidimbwiliso Yononkango mononkango sihonena; nonkango do nonunu mo nonkango do nonene

Kulikido omu za fana nka ngo; kulikida omu da fana patorora, ure wononkango, yihwi noyidimbwiliso Yononkango mononkango sihonena; Nongweda ndandazwi donondandazwi (diphthongs) nopayinzi

Kulikida omu za fana nkango; kulikida omu da fana nopatorora ure wononkango, yihwi noyidimbwiliso yononkango mononkango Sihonena; Nongwedandandazwi dambali,(diphthongs) Nongwedandanda




nazwi Dantatu, nondanda dahana muhagaro noyitumbukero

Kulikida bukenkango zomafano ga rugana mwene Kuweka buke tjango ............. makarata gononkango,

Kulikida ko buke nkango zomafano ga rugana mwene

Kulikida ko ......................... buke nkango zonaudumba

Nduruka nakunye mo nkondwarongero, nokupura varongi nokurona vamwe va va gave makwafo

Nobuketjango do .......... makarata gononkango, nonduruka nakunye monkondwa rongero, nokupuravarongi novakurona vamwe va va gave makwafo

Makarata go nonkango, nonduruka nakunye monkondwarongero nokupura varongi novakurona vamwe novakwawo vepupi limwe

Kuruganesa nondongeso ngwendi; tara, tanta, kudumika, likida, tjanga

Kuruganesa nondongeso ngwendi; tara, tanta, kudumika, likida, tjanga

Kuruganesa nonkango ngwendi; tara, tanta, kudumika, likida tjanga

Konakona no kulironga nonkango palipongwero

Konakona nokulironga nonkango palipongwero

Konakona nokulironga nonkango palipongwero

ERUGANESO LYONOMPANGO DESIPERO

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A


9. Yikaramo yoKulironga Varongwa woHarade 1 kuvapa ko nampili yivike yitano yoyiviyauka yokuresa mosinona sokuhova komeho va ka tameke nelirongo lyakara po.

Mokutwara nye mobuke zomauzera elirongikidirosure/elikwamo lyeliwapayikiro (yivike 5) kwa li hanesa NIED mo 2011.

Siparatjangwa Harade 1 Harade 2 Harade 3

Kupurakena noKukumburura

Kupurakena nefirosinka nekumbururo pauhunga

Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kupurakena nefirosinka mokulikida ekwategano mokukumburura pauhunga

Matomporo Varongwa kuvhura:



Kupurakena nefirosinka gontambo zomasanseko gokuvafira konomutango dononkango dokulifana nonomuhagaro nononsumo dehafeso nokukumburura papando, kupwagesa ekumbururo kelizuvho lyawo komaukaro noyihorokwa

Kuliyonga nokulimburura komapuro gomasanseko tumutango nononsumo

Kupurakena nefirosinka kontambo zomasanseko gokuvafira, konotango dono nonkango dokulifana monomuhagaro nononsumo dehafeso nokukumburura papando, kupwagesa ekumbururo

Kuliyonga nokulimburura komapuro gomasanseko tumutango nononsumo

Ku purakena nefirosinka masanseko nomutango do nonkango dokulifana momuhagaro, nonsumo, nongano nonomuteu dehafeso dopantambo-hetakano nokukumburura papando kupwagesa ekumbururo lyawo komaukaro noyihorokwa

Kuliyonga matjangwa kulimburura mapuro nokugava mapukururo monontanto doureru ndi nontanto depakerero

Kupurakena koradio noTV sene yina karapo

Kusimwitira esanseko lyopantambo zoHarade kupakamo nzira zedilye sanseko pakana, kumwe no mafano, ndi yiruga melikwamo pauhunga

Kupurakena ko nokukumbururo pakana konompangera, nombudi mazuvhiso nokomapukururo

Kusansurura esanseko lyopantambo zoHarade kugwedamo magano gomulyo nomafwatururo gamwe pakamo nomafano ndi yirugana

Kupurakena ko nokukumburura pakana konompangera, nombudi, mazuvhiso noko

Kusimwitira esanseko lyopontambo zoHarade kugwedamo egano lyomulyo nomafwatururo gamwe

Kupurakena ko nokukumburura pakana melikwamo konompangera, nombudi, mazuvhiso nomapukururo

Kurugurura elikwamo lyonontanto 4



Kurugurura elikwamo lyontanto zoureru zina kara nononkango 2 ndi monontanto 4-5 pauhunga sihonena; Ame kwa hara sipopisa sange age kuna kara nomusisi gosikwiliva

mapukururo

Kurugurura elikwamo lyonontanto 3 doureru ndi 1 zonontanto dokupakakana pauhunga, sihonena; Ame kwa kara nambisi gwage. Edina lyendi fluffy. Age kulya nompuku. Ame nambisi gwange ava tumbura asi fluffy ntani age kulya nompuku.

doureru ndi ntanto 1 ze pakakano ntani 1 zoureru sihonena; Monzira zokuza kembo kuna rook. Yidwara yange ka yi rokwa. Kani kankama. Ame kuna zogana mema gomapyu Monzira kembo kuna roko ntani yikoverero yange kayi woro. Ame kani kankama

Kupurakena ntani kukumburura pokufaneka, kutemwinina nokudana sidana

Kulikida ukaro we tamburoko epurakeno

Kupurakena pafumadeko komuuyungi pahana edonganeso, kuruganesa eligwanekero lyomeho

Kugazara magano govakweni nokukumburura pamukaro gopagazaro

Kugwanekera novakweni pokuliyonga, kudana sidana, kutemwinina, kuligumagura, kudimba

Kupurakena ntani kukumburura po kufaneka, kutemwinina nopakudana sidana


Kupurakena pafumadeko komuuyungi, kulikida mbuyungiso zorutu pauhunga nomalizuvho neruganeso eli gwanekero lyomeho pauhunga

Kugazara magano govakweni nokukumburura pokugava magano ga nyamoge pamukaro gopagazaro

Kugwanekera no vakweni, pokuliyonga, kudana sidana, kutemwinina, kuligumagura, kudimba,

Kupurakena ntani kukumburura pokufaneka, kutemwinina nopokudana sidana


Kupurakena pafumadeko komuuyungi kulikida mbuyungiso zorutu pauhunga nomalizuvho neruganeso eligwanekero lyomeho pauhunga

Kugazara magano govakweni nokukumburura papando ndi pokupira kupanda nokupwagesa magano ganyamoge

Kugwanekera novakweni, pokuliyonga, kudana, sidana, kutemwinina, kuligumagura kudimba

Kutanga nopokuuyunga pokuruganesa nkedi

nokuuyunga pokuruganesa Kutanga nokuruganesa zouhunga zokuuyunga sihonena;



nkedi zouhunga zokuuyunga Sihonena; kulipa marufo go kuuyunga

ndunganeso pauhunga sihonena; kulipa marufo gokuuyunga, kupura mapuro gefatururo

Kulikida elizuvho kounankondo nelizuvho lyovakweni, ligwa kugava kupira kugwava nawa, makumbururo noyiturwapo magano

Kulipa marufo gokuuyunga, kupura mapuro gefwatururo no kukumbururako kweyi ono zuvhu

Kulikida elizuvho lyounankondo nelizuvho lyovakweni, pakupanda ndi pakupira kupanda nawa kugava makumbururo/yiturwapo magano ndi ezereso lyomagano nokugava yitundwamo

Pazuvhilikilro, Elihuguvaro nopagazaro magwanekero

Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kugwanekera pazuvhikiliro, elihugugaro ntani nopagazaro




Kugwanekera pausimbu palihuguvaro, kupwagesa magazaro gavene, magano noyihorokwa pokuruganesa elituromo, masingonono go harade zokuziramo nonkango doyirugana

Kugwanekera pausimbu palihuguvaro kupwagesa magazaro gavene, magano noyihorokwa pokuruganesa elituromo masingonono yoharade dokuziramo nononkango doyirugana

Kugwanekera pausimbu, palihuguvaro, kupwagesa magazaro gavene, magano noyihorokwa pokuruganesa elituromo masingonono goharade zokuziramo

Kukulika nontumba deraka

korumoho korulyo keguru pevhu maligumaguro gorumoho norulyo

Kuruganesa ngendeso zokudirakuuyunga (egwanekero lyomeho, noukaro worutu pauhunga) wokugwanekera pauhunga, nokutura malisigo gopampo megano

Kuruganesa eraka lyankenyezuva pazuvhikiliro nepwageso, nelindangurezwi

Kuruganesa ngendeso zokudira kuuyunga (egwanekero lyomeho, ukaro worutu pauhunga) dokugwanekera pauhunga nokutara malisigo go pampo megano

Kuruganesa eraka lyankenye ezuva pazuvhikiliro nepwageso,

Kuruganesa ngendeso zokudira kuuyunga (egwanekero lyomeho, ukaro worutu pauhunga) pokutura malisigo gopampo megano

Kuruganesa eraka lyankenye ezuva pazuvhikiliro kumwe nepwageso



nomutumburo

Kuruganesa ediwo lyondongeraka lyontambo zoharade nediwo nkango ntene tava uyunga

Kuliyomberesa eruganeso lyononkango donompe

Kuhageka kouhura wontanto sene kuna kuuyunga

elindangurezwi nomutumburo pauhunga

Kuruganesa ediwo lyondongeraka lyontambo zoharade ntene kuna kuuyunga

Kuliyomberesa eruganeso lyediwonkango ne fwatururo etanto lyokulihamena

eindagurozwi nomutumburo

Kuruganesa ediwo lyondongeraka nediwonkango ntene kuna kuuyunga

Kuliyomberesa eruganeso lyediwonkangodonompe nefwatururo metanto lyokulihamena

Sitambo seRaka Sitambo Varongwa va hepa kuruganesa eraka pauhunga noyitambo yokulisiga-siga

Matomporo Varongwa va hepa:



Kusanseka masanseko pokuruganesa nontanto doureru neruganeso eraka pauhunga

Mosiruwo sosinanare

Kuuyunga nomutango dokulifana nomuhagaro nokudimba nonsumo

Kudana udano weraka sihonena; simony kuna kutanta asi

Kudiworoka yihorokwa youpaumwene

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanare

Kusingonona sirugana noyitundwamo sihonena; kani lireunene (sirugana)

Kusanseka masanseko gokuliwapayikira naga gokudira kuliwapayikira pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nonontanto doku pakakana nomutango geraka pauhunga

Mosiruwo sosi nanare

Kuuyunga nomutango dokulifana nomuhagaro mononkango, nomutango noku petayika eraka nokudimba nonsumo

Kudana udano weraka

Kudiworoka yihorokwa yopaumwene noyihorokwa yonombudi danavenye


Kusingonona konda noyikwamako (egano)

Kusanseka masanseko gokuliwapayikira naga gokupira kuliwapayikira pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nonontanto doku pakakana

Mosiruwo sosinanare

Kuuyunga nomutango dokulifana nomuhagaro mononkango, nongano nonomuteu, kutanga nomutango, kudimba nonsumo nokurugana euyungo vali

Kudana maudano geraka sihonena; nzogera pokatji kovantu vavali

Kudiworoka yihorokwa yopaumwene noyihorokwa yonombudi danavenye, nokupwagesa elizuvho nomagano gokuvahamena




yipo

Asi ame, kani verere (yitudamo)

Kusingonona suma sininke ndi sikorama ndi sihorokwa

Kusingonona suma, sininke ndi sikorama ndi sihorokwa

Kulikida nokusanseka, nombudi dankenye ezuva

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina sihonena; esi sikorama sange sinzogoro, edina lyaso Tomasa. Aso kulya ehidi

Kusingonona malifano nomalisigo sihonena; eli ehako ndombo zalyo kwa lifana ngwendi sosina

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina santani sihonena; Ame kuna kara nokapitogona

Asi sininke simwe yiso sina retesapo sininke esi sihonena; mbwa ka zi takinine nonkanku dange (konda) yiponye asi ntudi nirandeko epando limwe (yikwamako)

Kusingonona suma, sininke, sikorama muntu ndi sihorokwa

Kulikida nokusimwitira; no mbudi dankenye ezuva

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina

Kusimwitira malifano nomalisigo sihonena; mumbwange gomukadona kwa kara nonohuki dononde nye ado nonsovagani

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina santani sihonena; Ose tatu dingura omama vovakadi sivike oso

Kusingonona konda noyikwamoko (asi egano lyosininke yilyo lina simwe yios sina retesapo sininke esi sihonena; Kapi tuna gwana mvhura zonzi (konda) yiponye muzangu kapi guna wapa (yikwamoko)

Kusingonona sikorama, muntu ndi sihorokwa

Nombudi dankenye ezuva

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina

Kusingonona malifano nomalisigo sihonena; Nduno hambara a fane horongo nye age muneneko ntani age kwa kara nonombinga dononene

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina santani sihonena; Ose tatu dingura omama wovakadi sivike oso

Kehampuruko mosikondovike

Kurganesa siruwo sosinanare sontani sihonena; kani mwene mfi azo ka zi kere zo nene

Kuruganesa siruwo -Sosinanare sihonena; Nkera kani zire kembo lyoMaria

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinameho sihonena; ame ngani duka

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanare sihonena; Nkera kani zire kembo lyoMaria

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinameho sihonena; ose nga tu za kofarama mungura



Kuruganesa siruwo sinameho sihonena;

Ame ngani gwanesa nomvhura ntambali mungura

Kufwaturura pokusimwitira montumbwiso zo ureru omu ayi rugana yininke

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina sihonena; Sihauto sange soku danesa kugenda ntene tani si sindi, aso kwa kara nomakoso gokumbirumuka

marumbasano mungura

Kufwaturura pokusimwitira omu ayi rugana yininke

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinnaina sihonena; Mbasikora kurugana ntene tolyata yilyatero makura makoso taga mbirumuka

Kupukurura po kutanta ngendeso zoureru

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina sihohena; Nina hara kukutantera omu ava kunu ntanga/ndi omu ava rugana sikuki,

Kufwaturura ngendeso zoureru omu ayi rugana yininke ndi, kugava mavyukiso

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina sihonena; Ngesi yimo asi rugana siraha sonompuku, ngesi nina kasika kembo

Kupukurura pokutanta ngendeso zoureru

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina sihonena; Eyi yiyo ayi horoka ntene o dyama eterengenze

Kupulida pokupura mapuro o gwane mauzera

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina o pure yilye, ngapi, ezuvake ntani morwasinke

Kulimburura mapuro pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nomutungo geraka pauhunga

Kutunga mapuro go ‘yimo’ndi ‘hawe’ malimbururo ntani etanto mpipatano

Omu ava dana marumbasano

Kupulida pokupura mapuro o gwane mauzera

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina, o pure yinye, ngapi, ezuvake ntani morwasinke

Kulimburura mapuro pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nonontanto dokupakakana nomutungo geraka pauhunga

Kutunga mapuro go ‘yimo’ ndi ‘Hawe’ malimbururo

Kupulida pokupuragera vantu nositambo songandi

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina sihonena; Pura vantu kembo asi ngapi omu ava pungura nondya

Kulimburura mapuro pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nonontanto dokupakakan nomutungo geraka pauhunga

Kutunga mapuro go ‘yimo’ ndi ‘Hawe’ malimbururo ntani etanto mpipatano mosiruwo sosinanaina nosiruwo sosinanare



sihonena; Kapi wa hara utovara? yimo, na hara utovara. Hawe, kapi na hara utovara

ntani mpipatano lyepataneso mosiruwo sosinanaina nomosiruwo sosinanare sihonena; Kodukilire kembo? Hi, kani dukilire kembo. Hawe kapi kani dukilire kembo.

Kutanta egano

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina ntani pahungameko sihonena; Ame kwa hara

Kutanta egano

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina ntani pahungameko sihonena;

(muholi zange) morwa (age kudana name)

Ame kwa hara (mauta) morwa ago matovara unene ago hena mawa kwange. Ame kuna kugazara asi (twa hepa kupungura mema) morwa (nondama detu hambara dina ziguka)

Gava mpangero

Zende nokukadanena ponze

Siga nge nyame like

Zeresa nkondwarongero komeho o ze kembo

Mafanayiko negawo lyomapukururo

Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kufanayika nokugva mauzera




Kurongikida nokugava mbudi zankenyezuva zokulikida yilye, yinke, ezuva ke, morwasinke sihonena;

otate name (walye) katu zire kondandango (kupi) sivike kasi tundireko (ezuvake) yiyo katuka

Kurongikida nokugava siuyungwa kulikida yilye, yinke, ezuvake, kupi, morwasinke

Kuruganesa siparatjangwa va horowora

Kugava erongikido lyoyiuyungwa yoyisupi yina kulikida; yilye, yinke, ezuvake, kupi ntani etameko, pokatji, ehuliro, yiruganeso yokumoneka, ngendeso zopantateko zokuhamesera mo va purakeni sihonena;



simbire nsako zepungu (yisinke)

egwanekero lyomeho

Ukonentu nekwategano Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kulikida ukonentu wekwategano

Matomporo Varongwa kuvhura;



Kulikida ekwategano lyoyimonekwa

Kudimburura yimonekwa

Kutura melikwamo yimonekwa

Kuhangura yifano

Kuhetakanesa yihwifano

Kudiworoka yimonekwa

Kuteta nokutura kumwe

Kulikida ekwategano lyokuzuvha

Kudimburura yokuzuvha

Kutura melikwamo yokuzuvha

Kuhangura yezuvho

Kuteta nokutura kumwe yezuvho

Kumangakana yokuzuvha no kumona



Kutura melikwamo yimonekwa

Kuhangura yifano


Kudiworo yimonekwa


Kulikida ekwategano



Kudiworoka yokuzuvha

Kuhangura yezuvho

Kuteta nokutura kumwe yezuvho

Kumangakana yokuzuvha noku mona



Kutura melikwamo

Kuhangura yifano


Kudiworoka yimonekwa


Kulikida ekwafogano



Kudiworoka yokuzuvha

Kuhangura yezuvho


Kumangakana yokuzuvha nokumona

Edimbururo neDiwo noMuhagaro Etunturo noMagazaro palizuvho

Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kulikida kudimbura, kuhangakana nomuhagaro mokuuyunga




Kuvara nonkango mantanto Sinta nkangodina nokusinta Repesa nontanto

Asi di ngapi, ntani kusiga ndi ku kusinta nonkango dimwe mo ntanto sihonena; Kani dukilire kembo (sinta kuduka zi kare

Elikwamo lyononkango mo ntanto yipo di sinte etanto sihonena; mukadi gokuhanduka ka tjidire mbwa

Pokugweda ko maruha ntanto/mokutura ko yoyinzi sihonena; Age kuna rara pombete. Age nkenye apa kurara pemumbete lyemunene kembo lyange



kuvatuka) zonunu. Mbwa, zokuhanduka kazi tjidire mukadi gomununu

Kusakerera noku vara yintentwa monkango

Kudimburura nonkango dokulifana momuhagaro monomutango nononsumo sihonena; O Jeke na Ili kwa zire kondundu

Kudimburura no ndandazwi dono muhangura

Kudimburura nokuvara yintetwa monkango zoureru

Kudongonona nokusinta yintentwa mononkango nokutunga nonkango donompe ndi no nkango da hana kutanta Yuma sihonena:

uyunga potorota; ngesi tanta, simpe hena sa hana rota (poto) nye mevega lyo rota tura reta (potoreta)

Kudimburura nokuhagaresa nonkango dokulifana monomutango nononsumo sihonena; zimwe, mbali kwa kumanga nonkaku dange

Kuhangura pokatji konomuhagaro

Kudimburura noku vara yintentwa monkango zo yintetwa yoyinzi

Kudongonona nokusinta yintetwa mononkango yipo yitunge nonkango donompe ndi da hana kutanta yuma

Kudimburura nokusinta nonkango do nomuhagaro dokulifana monomutango nononsumo sihonena; Jeke na Jill kwa zire kohili Jeke na Bill (Dili, Kill, Till, kwa zire ko hili)

Kuhangura pokatji konomuhagaro dono

dononsupi mononkango dosintetwa simwe sihonena;

Tat, Gco, Mfi, Cwi

Kudimburura muhagaro gonondandazwi gomure sihonena;

mwaa, dwaa, kwaa, rwaa

Kudimburura nomuhagaro deketameko (muuyungo-hagaro) mononkango dosi

donondandazwi donsupi nedi dononde mononkango dosintetwa simwe tupu

Nswe (nsupi) Nswee (nde)

Tu (nsupi) Twe (nde)

Nga- (nsupi) Ngaa –(nde)

Kudimburura nomuhagaro deketameko nedi

Ndanda zwi dononsupi nedi nononde mononkango doyintentwa yoyinzi

sihonena; nondya – no- na no (nsupi), ya (nde) raraa

–ra-ra ra (nsupi) ra (nde) genda ge-a- e (nsupi) da (nde)

Kudimburura nomuhagaro ketameko, pokatji nokouhura, wono nkango dosintau simwe sinta ntani dongonona no muhagaro



ntetwa simwe ntani kusinta nomuhagaro di foromeko nkango zompe

sihonena; tumbura nkango rwaa mevega lyo

‘r’ tumbura ‘m’ (mwaa), nkango (dwaa) mevega lyo ‘d’ tumbura ‘t’ (twaa)

Kudimburura nokurugana erugururo lyonomuhagaro deketameko mononkango sihonena;

ezoka enunu ere

Kurambakana nokuhangura ketameko nokonyima

sihonena;

dokouhura (muuyungo-hagaro) mononkango dosintetwa simwe

Kudimburura nokurugana erugururo lyonomuhagaro deketameko mononkango sihonena;

Robe reta ranga no radio

Kurambakananokuhangura ketameko nonkonyima kugwederako mavamba-

Kudimburura nokurugana erugururo lyonomuhagaro monontanto

sihonena; Sidira siwa sili singuru sidona silingi-lingi

Kurambakana nokuhangura ketameko nokonyima kugwederera

Mf-i= mfi Nz-o= nzo

kano gonondanda mbali sihonena; mbwa = mb-wa ngwe = ng=we

Erambakano lyonondanda ntatu sihonena; mvhuu = mvh-uu

Ewapayiko noNtateko zoyidimbwiliso yonduruka

Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kulikida ekwategano nontateko zomutungo gonduruka


Matomporo Varongwa Kuvhura:

Matomporo Varongwa Kuvhura:

Kukwama nonkango kutunda korumoho yize korulyo, keguru pevhu, kutunda epenuno zende epenuno

Kuliyomberesa nonsipa domeho

Kudimburura asi nduruka kutanta yuma, kukarerapo eraka lyokuuyunga nononkango kudi hangura nomavega

Kuresa nduruka kutunda korumoho yi ze korulyo, keguru pevhu, tunda epepa zende epepa

Kuliyomberesa nonsipa domeho

Kudimburura asi nduruka kutanta yuma, kwa karerapo eraka lyo kuuyunga nononkango kudihangura nomavega

Kuresa nduruka kutunda korumoho yi ze korulyo, keguru pevhu, tunda epepa zende epepa

Kuyomberesa nonsipa domeho

Kudimburura asi nduruka kutanta yuma, kwa karerapo eraka lyo kuuyunga nononkango kudihangura nomavega

Kudimburura ntateko zoyidivisoreseso monduruka

Kuruganesa yidimbwiliso ye



Kudimburura edina lyamwene nononkango va diva, nare, ntani palituntiko “kuresa’ nonkango domomukunda gwawo sihonena; yidiviso va tura nonkango ngwendi “sikama”

Kudimburura ehanguro lyomufano gontanto sihonena;

Kudimburura yidivisoreseso monduruka

Kudimburura siparatjangwa sobuke, mafano, mutjangi nomufaneki mafano

yeliwapayikiro matjangwa ngwendi yikaramo, elikwamo noyiparatjangwagona

Kunenepeka nkango zokuhova, nokuhagesa nositwa

Kudimburura siparatjangwa sobuke

Kulikida nkedi zouhunga zokukwata nobuke sihonena;

kukwata buke kuvyukulira, kudimburura sikudumiko sokomeho nesi sokonyima, kupenuna nawa

Kulikida nkedi zouhunga zokukwata buke, sihonena;

Kukwata buke kuvyukilira, kudimburura sikudumiko sokomeho nesi sokonyima, kupenuna mapepa nawa-nawa

Kulikida nkedi zouhunga zokukukwata buke, sihonena;

kukwata buke kuvyukilira, kudimburura sikudumiko so komeho nesi sokonyima, kupenuna mapepa nawa-nawa

Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kudiworoka nokuruganesa ediwo lyonomuhagaro ntene kuna kuresa nonkango dokulifana

Nomuhagaro Matomporo Varongwa kuvhura:



Kudimburura madina nonomuhagaro donondanda ntani nelikwamo lyonoAlphabeta

Kuhagaresa ntani madina gonondanda zwi dononsupi nedi dononde

Kudimburura madina gonondanda nomuhagaro gonondanda ntani nelikwamo lyonoalphabeta

Kuhagaresa ntani madina gonondanda zwi donosupi nedidononde

Kudimburura madina gonondanda ntani nomuhagaro donondanda ntani elikwamo lyonoalphabeta

Kuhageresa ntani madina gonondandazwi



Kuhagaresa ntani yidiviso yonondanda donongweda ndandazwi

Kuhangura nonkango nonondanda dokuhova (yidona, yikara, yitji, yinzi)

Madina gonondanda kukara ngooro nye nomuhagaro ado kukwateramo kuvhura kulisiga-siga sihonena; ‘e’ mabehehe, eme, etete (dononsupi) ‘e’ moteete, geege, seesi, (dononde)

Kuresa nonkango donondanda ntantu donomuhagaro dononsupi sihonena; nzo, gco, nza

Kuresa nonkango dokuliza nontambo-hetakano dokutameka nerambakano lyono ndandambali

sihonena; (ndara, mbwa, kwandu, ngongo,

swara)

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara merambakano (ndaka, ndema ndombo)

Kuhageresa ntani madina gonongwedandandazwi

Kuhangura nonkango nondanda do kuhova (tate, tooto, tema, took)

Madina gonondanda kukara ngorooro nye nomuhagaro ado kukwateramo kuvhura kulisiga-siga sihonena;

‘u’ moutu, musu, muntu (dononsupi)

‘u’ mo-mbuumbu, nuunu, mvhuu (dononde)

Kuresa nonkango dantantu donomuhagaro dononsupi sihonena; nzo, gco, nza

Kuresa nonkango dokuliza nontambo-hetakano dokutameka nerambakano lyonondanda mbali

sihonena; (pw, dw, mp, nc)

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara merambakano

(dwara, dweura, dwira)

dononsupi nedi dononde

Kuhagaresa ntani madina gonongweda ndandazwi

Madina gonondanda kukara ngoro nye nomuhagaro kukwateramo kuvhura kulisiga-siga sihonena;

‘a’ mo-baba, makara nambaka (dononsupi)

‘a’ mo-vaava, ntaantani lyaalya (dononde)

Kuresa nonkango dokuliza nontambo hetakano dokutameka nerambakano lyono ndanda mbali

sihonena; (vh, zw, bw)

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara merambakano (mbwayura, bwakata,

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokuliza nontambo hetakano

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokuliza

Bwebweta)

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango doukuliza nontambo – hetakano



dokuhulisa nonondanda rambakano mbali sihonena; nk, mb, ng

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana omu mwa kara nongwedandandazwi dopantambo-hetakano nonondandazwi dambali sihonena; (tj; ng; ee; eu)

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara monomuhagaro dokulifana nesipero lyokuli siga-siga (woma, wapeka, weka, wura)

nontambo-hetakano dokuhulisa nonondanda rambakano mbali

sihonena; pw,nd,mb

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokuliza nontambo-hetakano dokutameka nonondandarambakano ntatu

sihonena; mbw, gcw, ncw

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara merambakano; mbwambwakana, mbwa, mbwembwe

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana omu muna kara nongweda ndandazwi dopantambo-hetakano nonondanda zwi da mbali sihonena;

(hw, ny, oo, au)

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara monomuhagaro nesipero lyoku li siga-siga (yongo, yuma, yakesa, yitji

dokuliza nonondanda rambakano da mbali

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokuliza nontambo-hetakano dokutameka nonondandarambakano ntatu

sihonena; (ngw, nkw, nyw)

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara merambakano (ngwe, ngwenya, ngwena)

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana omu muna kara nongwendandandazwi dopantambo – hetakano nonondanda zwi da mbali sihonena;

(gc, nc, ii, iu)

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara monomuhagaro nesipero lyokulisiga-siga

(ngwenda, ngoro, nganga,

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara monomuhagaro nesipero lyokulifana (sau, vau taura zaura)

Kudana nkango ntani wokudiworoka; hetakanesa

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara monomuhagaro nesipero lyokulifa na

Kudana maudano gokuresa nomaudano gokulironga nonkango

ngwara)

Kuhangura nonkango kutwara monomuhagaro nesipero lyokulifana



nokudimburura nonkango kono nkango ntani no nkango komafano; kuhetakanesa nonkango monontanto pokuruganesa makarata, nonsumo, nomutango notukarata

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana omu muna kara nonkango dontambo-hetakano donondanda sihonena;

ai, au, ai kulironga ntumbwiso

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana omu muna kara nonkango dontambo –hetakano donondanda ntatu sihonena;

(ngw),mbw,ngw

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana omu muna kara nonkango dopantambo –hetakano donondanda ntatu

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana dontambo-hetakano donondanda ne

Kuhangura nonkango momapi gokulifana monondanda, dokulisiga monomuhagaro (muliu, viura, tjiura)

Nomuhagaro Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana dopantambo hetakano muna kara (eu, au)

Kulironga ntumbwiso diphthong kapisi yiyo vana hara)

Kudiworoka nonkango dopantambo-hetakano nononkango edi adi monayika nkenye siruwo ado da divikwa unene

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana dopantambo hetakano omu muna kara (ai, by)

(Kulironga ntumbwiso diphthongs kapisi yiyo vana hara)

Kudiworoka nonkango dopantambo-hetakano nononkango edi adi monayika nkenye apa ado da divikwa

Kuresa pauhunga nonkango dokulifana dopantambo hetakano omu muna kara; (ee, zw)

(kulironga ntumbwiso diphthongs kapisi yiyo vana hara)

Kudiworoka nonkango dopantambo hetakano edi adi monayika nkenye apa ado da divikwa

Ndunganeso zeNongonono

Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kuruganesa Ndunganeso zeNongonono ntene tava resa (kurugana etanto lyomafano

noNtumbwiso) etanto lyononkango dokupira kulifana)

Matomporo Varongwa:





Kurugana masanseko komafano gomonobuke sihonena;

Resa buke pokurugana masanseko pokuruganesa mauzera gefano

Kutara kefano nokudimburura sininke noyihorokwa nayinye

Kurugana masanseko gopantambo hetakano gokutunda mobuke zomafano

sihonena;

Resa buke nokurugana masanseko pokuruganesa mauzera gefano

Kuruganesa mauzera pakulihamena

Kurugana masanseko gopantambo-hetakano gokutunda mobuke zomafano

sihonena;

Resa buke nokurugana masanseko pokuruganesa mauzera gefano

Kuruganesa mauzera pakulihamena

Kuruganesa ediwo lyonomuhagaro ntene kuna kuresa nonkango da hana kudiva

sihonena;

kuhagaresa nondanda zimwe-zimwe, ntani marambakano gontambo-hetakano ntani donondanda mbali ntani donondanda................

Kuruganesa etameko nonduganeso ________ sihonena;

Nane; n__ane

Nomaukonentu gepumbo mokukwata kana nonkango nomafano sihonena; Esanseko eli ngwendi kuna hamene komukarompepo. Ezi nkango kwa fana ngwendi ‘mutenya’ kuvhura esanseko lit ante yuma ntene ni resa mutenya?


sihonena;

kuhagaresa nondanda zimwe-zimwe ntani marambaka no gontambo- hetakano ntani donondanda mbali, ntatu ntani______

Kuruganesa etame nonduganeso zo______

Nomaukonentu gepumbo mokukwatakan nonkango nmafano sihonena; Esanseko eli ngwendi kuna hamene komakarompepo ezi nkango kwa fana ngwendi mutenya. Kuvhura esanseko lit ante yuma ntene ni reta ‘mutenya’


sihonena;

kuhagaresa nondanda derambakano –dontambo hetakano dambali dantatu da ne ntani diphthongs

Kuruganesa etameko nonduganeso zo kime sihonena:

Ngwendi _ngw_ndi Nkata __nk__ata Gcwagi __gcw-agi



Tate; t___ate Dika; d___ika

sihonena; Ngandu_ ng_ndu Nsima _ns_ima Mbwa-mbw-a

Ndunganeso zekwatogano Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kuruganesa ndunganeso zerero nekwategano mokukwategano matjangwa gontambo-hetakano

Matomporo Varongwa vavhure:



Ndunganeso zekwatogano Kuruganesa nondunganeso va tunge entanto

Kuruganesa yihorokwa nediwo lyamwene

Kuruganesa yilikidiso ngamoomu madina, yiparatjangwa, erugururo nomafano va pumbe yihorokwa nomapukururo gomo sitjangwa

Kuruganesa no ndunganeso va ruganese nawa etanto

Kuruganesa yihorokwa lyamwene nediwo

Kuruganesa yilikidiso nga moomu madina, yiparatjangwa erugururo nomafano va pumbe yihorokwa nomapukururo go ma sitjangwa

Kuruganesa elipuragero lyo pwa mwene, kupwizumuka po nokuresurura yireswa yipo varuganese nawa etanto.

Kuruganesa nondungeneso va ruganese nawa etanto

Kuruganesa yihorokwa lyamwene nediwo

Kuruganesa yilikidiso ngamoomu madina, yiparatjangwa, erugururo no mafano va pumbe yihorokwa nomapukururo gomositjangwa

Kuruganesa eliwapukururo lyopwamene, kupwizumuka po nokuresurura yireswa yipo va ruganese nawa etanto

Ekwatogano Sitamborongo: Varongwa va hepa kulikida ekwategano pokukumburura komatjango gokupirabusili naga gokupira usili noyiruganeso yopamoneko pp-kuresera varongwa matjangwa Grade 1-3 matjangwa kuresa vene ndi kuva resera




Kuresa esanseko lyo ureru (lyahoroka usili) makura va lisansukurure valikide ekwatogano

Kuresa esanseko lyoureru (

Kuresa esanseko (lyahoroka) makura tava sansukurura valikide ekwatogano


Kuresa masanseko, rhyme nonomutango makura tava sansukurura valikide ekwato gano




(lyo kurukirwa) makura tava

lyokurukirwa) makura

vadane sidana valikide ekwatogano

Kutura mafano nonontanto dopatjangwa doureru melikwamo va ninke esanseko lyegano lyewa

Kulimburura (pakana nopatjangwa) Mapuro go pandanda ganahamene komasanseko gokutota po noyitjangwa yomapukururo (gousili) gana kara nomapuro aga

Sihonena:

yilye yinke ntani siruwoke

Kulimburura pakana nopatjangwa mapuro kutundilira kwaga goureru gaze goudigu (gomulyo) gana hamene koyitjangewa sihonena;

mapuro go ngapi, morwa sinke

dana sidana valikide

ekwatogano

Kutura mapukururo mompompa zeli kwamo lyewa

sihonena;

nontanto mafano ga ninke esanseko

Kulimburura (pakana no patjangwa) mapuro gopandanda ganahamene komasanseko (goyirukira) noyitjangwa yomapukururo gousili gana kara nomapuro aga

sihonena:

yilye, yinke ntani siruwo ke

Kulimburura mapuro pakana nopoatjangwa kutundilira kwaga goureru gaze kwaga goudigu (gomulyo) gana hamene koyitjangwa sihonena;

mapuro ga ngapi no morwa sinke

Kunongonona eretesopo noyikwamako mesanseko (morwasinke yahorokerere)

(lyokurukira) makura

tava dana sidana va likide ekwatogano

Kutura mapukururo mompompa zelikwamo lyewa

sihonena;

nontanto mafano, diagram, nkediruganeso, (recipes)

Kulimburura (pakana nopapatjangwa) mapuro gopandanda ganahamene komasanseko (goyirukirwa) yitjangwa yo mapukururo ( gusili) no yiruganeso yimwe yoku moneka

sihonena;

televise mapuro nofilima, internet

sihonena;

yilye yinke siruwoke.

Kulimburura mapuro pakana no patjangwa kutundilira kwaga goureru gaze kwaga goudigu (gomulyo) gahamene kosireswa va ninke ehageso sihonena;

mapuro go ngapi no morwa sinke

Kulimburura kositjangwa po kugava magazaro goureru gokuhamena yihorokwa no

Kunongonona eretesopo noyikwamako Mesanseko (morwasinke yahorokerere)

Kukumburura kositjangwa ndi



yikara sihonena; Ame kuna ku gazara asi yiwa,

eyi mukadona kadene kumwe nomukadonagona

koyiruganeso yimwe yokumoneka pokugava magazaro nepanguro lyoureru kuhamena koyihorokwa noyikara sihonena;

Ame kapi mumati morwa age kwa kere munakatji kwa mukawo zendi. Ove ono hepa kunongopa kova vakweni

Kugava ekamo lyesupi kosirerwa soureru pakana nopatjangwa

Kuresa pamweno ndi kudameka (kuziguruka)

Sitamborongo: Varongwa vana hepa kuresa yitjangwa (yireswa) yelitwikiro yokuzararara pamweno ndi kuziguruka kumwe nositambo nekwatogano



Matomporo Varongwa kavhura:

Kulikida hepero netokomeno lyokuresa

Kupenagura monobuke,

Kulikida hepero netokomeno lyokuresa pamanguruko pakwatogano nouwaawa

Kulikida hepero netokomeno lyokuresa pamanguruko padiwo ndi

kuliyonga mafano

Kuruganesa siruwo sokuresa va zerure elituromo lyawo mokuresa

Kuresa yitjangwa yokulisiga-siga yontambo zoharade (kutura ko masanseko nomutango noyitjangwa yamwene) pamweno kumwe nositambo nekwatogano

Kunongonona nonkango dokuhagara kulifana momutango

Kuruganesa siruwo sokuresa po kuzerura

Elituromo lyawo mo kuresa

Kuresa yitjangwa yokulisiga-

siga yontambo zoharade zawo rambanga komasanseko nomutango (yitjangwa ya mwene) pamweno nomugendo gokuwapera, no sitambo nekwatogano

Kudimburura yidiviso yononzira dokumanguruka nono mutango doureru, sihonena; sihwi, enyetedo nomora, erugururo (rhyme)

uwaawa tupu.

Kuruganesa siruwo sokuresa va zerure elituromo mo lyawo mokuresa

Kuresa yitjangwa yokulisiga-siga yontambo zoharade zawo rambangako masanseko, yidana, nomutango noyitjangwa yamwene pamweno no mugendo gokuwapera, nositambo nekwatogano

Kudimburura yidiviso yononzira dokumanguruka nonomutango doureru sihonena; sihwi, enyetedo nomona, etugururo (rhyme) pokuruganesa eturoyidiviso reseso

Kuresa yitjangwa yoma pukururo gokulisiga-siga gontambo zoHarade zawo noyiruganeso yokumoneka



Kuresa yitjangwa yomapukururo

gokulisiga-siga gontambo zoharade noyiruganeso yokumoneka pokutura nokugusa mo mapukururo gokulikerera

Kuruganesa nobuke do

pokuruganesa eturoyidivisoreseso yopantateko

Kuresa yitjangwa yomapukururo gokulisiga-siga gontambo zoHarade ozo, noyiruganeso yokumoneka pokupaka mo sintokorwa somapukururo gokulikerera

pokupaka mo sintokorwa somapukururo gokulikerera

Kupaka mo nonkango doureru netanto lyado

mafano nonobuke nedi dononene va gwane Mapukururo

Gwana mapukururo pokuruganesa grafika zomafano nonodiagram doureru

Kuruganesa bukenkango zomafano gokurugana Vene va gwane mapukururo ntani va gwane nonkango mobukenkango

Kugwana nokutoroka mapukururo gana kutunda momafano, yidiviso yokudivikwa, yidiviso yonzira nonodiagrama doureru

Mobukenkango

Kugwana nokutoroka mapukururo gana kutunda momafano, nomapa goureru, nodiagrama, tukarata noyiruganeso yokumoneka yimwe hena

Ekumbururo komatjango Sitamborongo Varongwa va hepa kukumburura kediwondanda pakana ndi pa tjangwa

Matomporo Varongwa kuvhura



Kudimburura nomukaro noyihoroka yoyinene

Kudimburura asi ngapi nomukaro omu

Kudimburura nomukaro yiruwo noyihoroka yoyinene

Kusingonona nomukaro omu adi kumburura

Kudimburura nomukaro, yiruwo nelikwamo lyoyihorokwa yina tunga esanseko



dalifana/dalifana dovantu vemeparu lyavene

koyihorokwa yoyinene,nomahomono gemesanseko

Kuliyonga nokupwagesa malizuvho kuhamena nomutango, nonsumo nomasanseko

Kuliyonga (moral) mukaro gomuwa mesanseko

Kufaturura nokugava nokonda zokuhara ndi zokudira kuhara, mukaro gesanseko ndi mutango

Kuliyonga mukaro gomuwa mesanseko

Kudimburura mutungo

gwesanseko, sihonena etameko nehagero

Po esanseko

Kusingonona omu nomikaro adi kumburura koyihoroka yoyinene nokomatjoka –tjoko gemesanseko

Kufaturura nokugava nokonda dokuhara no kupira kuhara mukaro gemesanseko nomutango

Kuliyonga nkareso zesanseko Kudimburura nontanto nomaruhantanto

gemesanseko ndi momutango guna kugava elizuvho ngwendi ehandu,eguwo, ruhafo Sihonena; Mahodi kwa ndandumukira komatuma gendi

NTJANGESO Matomporo Varongwa vana hepa ku-likida ntjangero zopazuvhiko nevhuro kuresa




Kulikida nonsipa dononunu ewoko ndi enho momuzo gumwe mpangera zewoko nkwateso nomukaro gorutu sihonena;

Kulikida nkwateso zo uhunga zopena zekara no mukaro gorutu sihonena;

Kutura mapepa monkareso zouhunga

Kulikida muzo nomugendo gokutjanga kuvyukisa mononzira, sihonena

Kutjangurura yitjangwa yina kara pekarata

Kutilisapo mpangera zewoko pokuruganesa tukonde, yiputjiso, nopena dekara nokuruganesa nawa yininke yoyi nunu

Kutura mapepa monkarero zouhunga

Kutura enduruko po nzira ndi

Kutura enduruko ponzira ndi ponomusunda

Nopositafuratjango

Kutjanga nontanto



ponomusunda Kulikida unongo umwe

patjangwa momugendo nomuzo gomuwa pokurutanesa kutjanga kutunda ko kumoho aze kokulyo, kuza peguru – nepevhu mo ndunganeso zongwa sihonena;

Kurugurura kutjangamo nokutjangurura mono patorona pononzira doyi ndomo

kutjangurura nonkango nono nomora

Kunduruka nondanda nonkango, nontanto nononomora nouhaya nokumonekesa nawa nomutungofano gouhunga

Kulikida muzo no mugendo go

kutjanga ku vyukisa mononzira (nomusunda) sihonena;

Kutjangurura yitjangwa yina kara pekarata ndi positafuratjango

kutjanga nontanto Kunduruka nondanda,

nonkango, nontanto nononomora nouhaya nokumonekesa nawa, nomutungofano gouhunga.

Kunduruka nondanda nonkango,

nontanto no nonomora nouhaya nokumonekesa nawa, nomutungofano gouhunga, pokuruganesa nonomora do kulifana nokusiga po evaga pokatji

nomusunda (nonzira) 6.5 mm, (nonzira 4 pwa nkenye 25 mm)

Pokuruganesa nonomora dokulifana nokusiga po evega pokatji kononzira

Nomusunda (nonzira) 8.5 mm po kuruganesa nonzira donomusunda 4

Pakuruganesa nonomora dokulifana nokusiga po evega pokatji kononzira

Nomusunda (nonzira) 8.5 mm nonzira (3 pwa nkenye 25 mm)

NONONKEDI DETJANGO Sitamborongo Varongwa vana hepa kutjanga nositambo sokulisiga-siga pokuruganesa nonkedi dontjangeso dokulisiga-siga




Kulikida hepero netokomeno Kulikida hepero netokomeno Kulikida etokomeno lyo kutjanga



lyawo lyokutjanga, sihonena;

Kudana maudano gokutjanga

kulikida omu kutjanga kwalisiga nokufaneka

Kuligawinina yitjangwa yamwene kumwe novakwawo pokuzaneka ndi pokuresa kudameka

kuhetaika kumwe nonomusunda (nonzira) foroma (sihwi) yiruganeso tjangeso.

kuhetaika kumwe no yitjangwa, sihonena;

lyawo lyokutjanga sihonena;


kuligawinina yitjangwa ya mwene kumwe novakwawo pokuzaneka ndi pokuresa kudameka

sihonena;


Kuligawinina yitjangwa yamwene kumwe novakwawo pokuzaneka ndi pokuresa kudameka

kutjanga (siparatjangwa) komafano gamwe ndi kobuke sidanauka, kutjanga nositambo

Kutjanga eresero dikitata lyononkango ntanto mbali doureru dokusika kwa 4 dogoro 5, sihonena; Ame nahara sipopisa sange. Age kuna dwara musisi (hema) gosinamahako

Kuruganesa ediwo lyo ntambo zoHarade o ndongeraka, eturoyidivisoreseso, kusipera erongo ntumbwiso (fonetiki) nediwonkango va tjange kuzililira

Kutjanga eresero (diktata) lyonontanto 3 doureru ndi nontanto depompero sihonena; Ame nakara nombisi gedina Fluffy. Age kwa kara nomazego goutwe. Age kulya mangemba Ndi Ame kwa kara nombis gedina Fluffy ano age kulya mangemba. Age kwa kara nomazego gomatwe nye age kapi a humu nge.

Kuruganesa ediwo lyomo ntambo zoHarade mondongeraka,eturo yidivisoreseso, kusipera, erongontumbwiso (fonetiki) nediwonkango va tjange kuzililira

Kutjanga eresero (diktata) nontanto 4 ndi kupita po doureru ndi 2 ndi kupita po depompeko sihonena; Monzira zokuza kembo mvhura kuna roko. YIkoverero yange kuna woro. Ame kuna zuvhu utenda. Ame kuna zogana mema gomapyu.

Monzira zokuza kembo mvhura kuna roko makura yikoverero yange kuna woro. Ame kuna zuvhu utenda yiyo nazoganenene mema gomapyu. Konyima yiyo na hingire komundiro oku tani resa buke

Kuruganesa ediwo lyomo ntambo zoHarade mondongeraka, eturo yidivisoreseso, kusipera, erongo ntumbwiso (fonetiki) nediwo



Kutjanga masanseko gokutota mosiruwo sosinanare pokuruganesa nontanto ntano doureru

kutjanga nomutango doureru sihonena;

Kutjanga masanseko gokutota mosiruwo sosinanare kumwe nedina lyo ureru ketameko nekehagero, pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nedi

nkango va tjange kuzililira

ame tani li mboroto am ame tani li ebanana ame tani li no mango mvhura zina woreke muvhura kuna kuroka ame na hara mvhura ame namono mbisi age ana ..... unene tjanga kareswa kononkango dokulifana o manese kamutango koureru

Kutjanga yihorokwa yopapwamwnene nokufaturura momunene kweyi ana kudiworoka yamuhorokera, mosiruwo so sinanare masingonono aga pokuruganesa; yilye, yinke netanto lyosiruwo ke lyakara netameko nehagero lyoureru sihonena; Ame (ogu) na da nene yinke po.

Embo (kupi) kwakere tupu lyo yizoresa

Kutjanga masingonono go usili pokuruganesa nontanto doureru dokusika kwa 4 ndi 5 ngoso

Depompeko do kusika kwa 5 ndi 6

Kutjanga nomutango doureru sihonena;

pokuruganesa nkango sokuhagara kulifana. (siupuka sougara sina liyiapura) sihonena; nomutango domosihwi tjanga mutango guna hamene ehunzu gonga (matugunyu) nonkango di kare mosihwisositemba sehunzu

Kutjanga yihorokwa ya mwene nokufatururo momunene kweyi ana kudiworoka ya muhorokera, mosiruwo sosinanare pokuruganesa masingonono

Kuruganesa esipero lyononkango lyo vaBritish lyokuhaga no ‘ta’ (lita) ruvara rwetu musinda

Kutjanga masanseko go kutota po

mosiruwo sosi nanare kumwe nedina, kutulisa po (evega ndi siruwo) nomukaro netameko, mokatji nehagero; pokuruganesa nontanto doureru 6 ndi kupita po nonontanto pompeko.

Kutjanga nontanto dina kara

nononkango dokuhagara kulifana ndi mutango gonovelise dokulisiga sihonena; kutjanga mutango

Kusingonona mwene, vantu wo kudivikwa, yikorama noyininke mosiruwo sosinantaantani sihonena;

aga. Yilye, yinke, kupi ntani Siruwo nehagero lyoureru. sihonena; sivike pita (siruwoke) kazi rokere sili

gokulivindakana Pokuruganesa edina Fransa Uzerere



mbwa zange kuzi tumbura asi happy. Azo zosinaumbombo. Azo kulya yisupa. Happy age kurara meharango. Ame na mu hara

Kutjanga mafatururo goureru galikide asi ngapi yininke omu ayi rugana pokuruganesa nontanto do ureru dokusika pwa 3 ndi 4 ngoso

Kusingonona mwene, vantu wo kudivikwa, yikorama noyininke mosiruwo sosinantaantani sihonena;

mbwa zange kuzi tumbura asi happy. azo zosinaumbombo. Azo kulya yisupa. Happy age kurara meharango. Ame na mu hara

Ako kwa kere ko ruhanzo (yinke) mondandango zetu (kupi) Ose (wolye) kwa worere

Kutjanga mafatururo goureru va likide asi ngapi yininke omu ayi rugana pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nedidokutwikira dokusika pwa 4 ndi 5 ngoso,

Kumwe ndi pwahana mafano Kutjanga masingonono gousili

pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nedi depompeko do kusika kwa 4 ndi 5 ngoso

Kulisingonona mwene, vantu wo kudivikwa, yikorama noyininke mosiruwo sosinantaantani sihonena; mumbyange mure age hane muwa. Age

Kuduka momali yombero age nkenye apa kuvatera vakwawo zendi. Age muwa kwa mumbyendi mbara yiwo udano wa muza komutjima

Kutjanga yihorokwa lyopwa mwene nokufaturura momunene kweyi ana kudiworoka ya muhorokera, mosiruwo sosinanare pokuruganesa masingonono pokuruganesa yilye, yinke, kupi siruwo musinke, morwasinke na ngapi, pokuruganesa etameko, mokatji nehagero sihonena;

masiku gamwe gana kapita (siruwoke) otate kwa (yilye) hwamekere mundiro (yinke) ose twa vhulire kutereka (morwasinke) Awo kwa gu hwamekere ponze zonzugo (kupi)

kutjanga mafatururo go ureru va likide asi ngapi yininke omu ayi rugana pokuruganesa nontanto do ureru dokusika pwa 3 ndi 4 ngoso

Kuruganesa siruwo sosi nantaantani sanaina; sihonena etuwa lyange lyokudanesa

Kwa kara no vaholi wovanzi, ntani kwa hara kupwaga nawo. Age kupakera nge mbili mosikondovike. Age muholi zange.

kutjanga mafatururo goureru valikide asi ngapi yininke omu ayirugana pokuruganesa nontanto doureru nedidokutwikida dokusika pwa 4 ndi 5 ngoso

Kumwe ndi pwahana mafano

Kuruganesa siruwo

Kumwe noyitare noyipepa (ngapi) ose kwa terekere nhunhwa nonyama (yinke). Ame kwa hara kutereka kumwe notate morwa ayo kwakere uwaawa

Kutjanga masingonono gousili pokuruganes suma uyungwa sonontanto do kusika pwa 5 ndi 6 doureru nonontanto depompeko.

Kusingonona vantu, yininke yikorama nomavega mosiruwo sosinanaina sihonena; Oryx aso (antelope) esi sa tunga moNamibia. Aso kwa kara norutu roumbombo



kurugana nsene tani lisindike. alyo kwa kara nomakosa. Makosa galyo kumbirumuka kukulikunduruka

sosinantaantani sanaina sihonena; mbasikora zange kurugana nsene tani sindike ko yilyato. eyi yiyo ayi ninkisa makosa gazo gavali gambirumuke. Makura tani kaza. Ame nahepa kukwterera ko yikwatero

nousovagani ano mosipara saso uzere nousovagani aso kwa kara nonombinga dononde dokulika aso kulya wayi aso kwa tunga mokatji koyikorama yoyinzi. menye azo kwa kara po (mbandi zosirongo) zaNamibia

Kutjanga mapuro goureru (kupuragera) va gwane mapukururo pokuruganesa yilye, yinke, siruwoke ntani morwasinke.

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinantantani sanaina sihonena;

mbwa zoge edina lyazo yilye? morwasinke yilye ogu azi pe nondya. Siruwo musinke azi rara?

Kutjanga tukarata no mazigido

goureru;

Kutjanga nongendeseso doureru va rugane suma sihonena;

Kulipa sirugana sompangera ndi erongo lyomosivike pokuruganesa siruwo sosi nantaantani sanaina sihonena;

Ngesi yimo ava nyeteda sikatafura. Tjanga muzaro goyi ruganeso ntani tjanga muzaro gonontambo ndi nongendeseso melikwamo ezi yizo nzira ngendeseso zoku kuna mbuto 1. Sima ekero mevhu 2. Tura mbuto mekero makura

o fofere ko evhu 3. .......

Kutjanga mapuragero go ureru

va gwane mapukururo pokuruganesa; yilye, yinke, Siruwo ke ntani morwasinke

Kutjanga mafatururo va likide asi ngapi yininke omu ayi rugana pokuruganesa nontanto 5 doureru ndi nontanto depompeko

Kumwe ndi pwahana nodiagrama

kuruganesa siruwo sosinantaantani sihonena;

ngesi yimo azi rugana simbandi sono mpuku. Pomuhow tura nondya dimwe kehagero lyosimbandi. Makura ove tokoko nye karugodi ka tengure konyima dogoro noku nasi nakancakura konyima zeyi ove......

Kutjanga nonkedi ruganeso va divise

asi ngapi noruga suma sihonena;



Tukarata twegwaneso tukarata twezuva lyova zinya ndi vaguhya, tukarata tompandu no mazigido gonokonda

Kuruganesa yiruwo youhunga; siruwo sosi nanare siruwo sosinaina nosiruwo sosinameho

Kuruganesa siruwo sosina ntantani, sihonena;

yinke o rugana apa o pwaga kosure? Morwasinke waharera kuyirugana? Yilye ogu a dana nove? siruwo musinke o li murarero?

Kutjanga masingonono go ureru o likide egazaro ne hungameko

kuruganesa siruwo sosi nantaantani sihonena; Ame nahara (Namibia) morwa (yilyo embo lyange)

Kutjanga tukarata nomazigido

goureru

tukarata twe gwaneso tukaraka twe mezuva lyovaguhya novazinya tukarata to mpandu nomazigido gonokonda

Kutulisa po nompangera dosidana, a (recipe) nontambo edi nava kwama mehetaiko lyoureru pokuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina sihonena; eyi yiyo yina horoka apa ono bomona yiterengenze ku kwamesa muzaro goyiruganeso, kutjanga hena nongendeseso dononsupi monontambo delikwamo, etanto lyoyitundwamo nehageso

Kulikida asi ngapi ava rugana sikuki; (gava edina lyosikuki, kwamesa komuzaro goyitovareso, ntani tjanga ngendeseso monontambo)

kuruganesa yiruwo youhunga (siruwo sosinanare siruwo sosinantaantani nosiruwo sosinameho)

Kutjanga mapuro gepuragero go ureru (kupuragera) vagwane mapukururo pokuruganesa nonkango edi; yilye, yinke, siruwo ke, kupi na ngapi

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina, sihonena;

nondya musinke ava pungura kembo? Ngapi ava dipungura? yilye ogu adi pungura? siruwo o ruganesa nondya dokupungura?

Kutjanga masingonono valikide



egazoro lyouhunga

Kuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina, sihonena; ame kuna kugazara (ose kuvhura tukare nosiruwo sosinzi sokudana) morwa.....

Kutjanga tukarata twe zigido toureru

Tukarata twegwaneso tukarata twezuva lyovaguhya ndi zinya, tukarata to mpandu nomazigido gono konda

Kuruganesa siruwo souhunga (siruwo sosi naina siruwo sosinananre, siruwo sosinameho)

Kutjanga mbilive zopaukwawo zina kara nomazuva ekundo, rutu, ehageso ne dina

Kukara ono divilisa vatareli sihonena; Mukwawo murongi, mukurona, mukurona sure

kuruganesa siruwo souhunga siruwo sosinanaina, siruwo sosinanare sanaina, siruwo sosi nanare sonaina nosiruwo sosinameho

Ngendeseso zokuwapukurura ntjangeso

Sitamborongo Varongwa vana hepa kukwama ngendeso zokuwapukurura ntjangeso zawo




Kuruganesa ntjangeso zouhaya nezi zokumoneka nawa moyirugana yokutjanga yokumoneka pokuruganesa ntjangeso

Kuruganesa tjangeso zo uhaya nezi zokumoneka nawa, moyirugana yokutjanga yokumoneka pokuruganesa ntjangeso

Kuruganesa ntjangeso zo uhaya nezi zokumoneka nawa moyi tjangwa yokumoneka pokuruganesa tjangeso nomugendo



nomugendo

Kutjanga nouhaya nopavyukiliro yirugana pokuruganesa ngendeso zontjangeso

sihonena:

Kuliyonga mafano, magano yuma uyungwa yokutjanga kumwe novakwawo womo nkondwarongero nomurongi

Sitjangwa sokuhova

kuresurura nokusitjangwagweda ko nonkango vawapukurure etanto lyado

kudimburura nokuwapukurura mo nondando dononene edi dina pili mo yitwa nomapuko gesipero

Kuligawinina yitjangwa kumwe novakwavawo womonkondwarongero

nomugendo sihonena;

Kuliyonga mafano, magano noyuma uyungwa yokutjanga kumwe novakwawo womonkondwarongero nomurongi

Sitjangwa sokuhova

kuresurura no kupinganesera mo ndi kugwederera k o nonkango vawapukurura etanto lyado

kudimburura nokuwapukurura eturoyi divisoreseso yimwe, ndongeraka, mapuko gosipero pokuruganesa buke nkango nenduruko lyomonkondwa rongero

kuligawinina yitjangwa kumwe novakwawo womo nkondwarongero

sihonena;

Kuruganesa ndunganeso zokomeho – zotjango va pongaike mapukururo kuhamena kosumauyungwa. sihonena;

kuligawinina magano kumwe novakwawo womo nkondwarongero nokurongikida magano nomapukururo komeho zokutjanga

kutulisa po sintokora se tjango yitjangwa, kuhoroworo sitjangwa esi nasiliza nositambo. Sihonena;

kutjanga mobuke zankenye, nondanda (recipe)

kupinganesa, kugweda mo ndi kutura nonkango nonontanto melikwamo

kurugana kutura medikwamo magano ndi yihorokwa yousili yipo etanto li zere.

kudimburura nokuwapukurura

Mo eturoyidivisoreseso ndongeraka, mapuko gesipero

Kuruganesa buke nkango nomarunone peke

Kuliyonga yitjangwa ya mwene neyi yovakwawo vagwane ndi vagave yitundwamo.

Nondanda dononene noyidivisoreseso

Sitamborongo Varongwa vana hepa kuruganes nondanda dononene, eturoyidivisoreseso moyitjangwa mo uhunga




Kutura ndanda zononene ko Kutura ndanda zonene ko Kutura ndanda zononene konkango



nkango zokuhova montanto, nkwatelinkangodina “ame” madina go yikoramagona novantu

nkango zokuhova montanto, nkwatelinkangodina “ame” madina goyikoragona novantu, madina gomazuva gomosivike, makwedi gomumvho nonkango zokuhova zedina lyo mbapira sihonena; kakoramagona kange

zokuhova montanto, nkwatelinkangodina “ame” madina goyikoramagona no vantu, madina gomazuva gomosivike makwedi gomumvho, nkango zokuhova nomadinkango gomadina gonobuke mazuva gokulikerera naga gepwizumuko ngwendi (krisimesa) nodoropa, yitata noyirongo,

Kuruganesa sitwa kehagero

lyontanto

Mulyo unene; madina goyinema nokuya tjanga si nondanda zonene; sihonena:

kwenye, kurombo, kufu, mangenyena

kuruganesa sitwa kehagero lyontanto nosipuliso kehagero lyepuro

Kuruganesa sikomona vagaunune yininke molikwamo sihonena;

ame namono mbahe, nyime, ehumbu na nzovhu

Koneka:madina goyinema kapi ava ga nenepeke Sihonena:

Kuromba epemb, kufu kwenye

Masupipiko gomadina govantu nounasirongo, nomaraka Sihonena: Namibia, Ruingilisa ro vaSouth Afilika noRukwanyama mulyo unene; madina goyinema nokugatjangasi nondanda zonene sihonena; kwenye, kurombo kufu nomangenyena

Koneke:madina goyinema kapi ava ganenpeke Sihonena:

Kuromba, epemba, kufu, kwenye Kuruganesa sitwa kehagero lyontanto, sipuliso kehagero lyepuro no sizigiliso valikide elizuvho

kuruganesa yikapwiso ko



Kurugana sikomona si gaunune yininke melikwamo Sihonena: Ame kwa mwene mbahe, nyime, ehumbu, nanzovhu

Malizuvho goureru; sihonena; ame, age nomalizuvho gamwe hena ngwendi asi; waha

Kuruganesa yikapwiso po kulikida yiwekwa sihonena; mbapira zaJohny

Kuruganesa yikoroma a hangure yuma melikwamo sihonena; ame namono mbahe, nyime ehumbu na nzovhu

Maruha gombuyungiso Sitamborongo Varongwa vana hepa ku-dimburura, kutumbura no-kuruganesa maruha gombuyongiso. Gokulisiga-siga mouhunga pa kuuyunga, mokuresa nomukutjanga




Kuruganesa nonkango dina mwadene no madina-dina sihonena:

Nonkangodina pwadene; sipundi sitafura, mbanga

madina-dina mugolikadi Linda Namibia Karibibi Windhoek (kulironga ntumbwiso zonkangodina pontambo ezi sihorokwa tupu)

Kudimburura, kutumbura nokuruganesa nonkangodina pwadene nomadina-dina sihonena;

Nonkangodina pwadene; sipundi, sitafura, mbanga

Madina-dina: mugolikadi Linda, Namibia, Karibibi, Windhoek

Kudimburura, kutumbura nokuruganesa nonkango dina dokuvara nedidokudira kuvhura kuvara nononkangodina depongeko

Nonkangodina dokudira kuvhura kuvara; mema, usura, mungwa

Nonkango dina depongeko siunda sonongombe/yikombo

Kuruganesa nonkwateli nkangodina; ame, ove, age, aso, ose, awo

Kusilikisa po erugururo lyononkango dimwe pokuruganesa nkwateli nkango ko nkangodina vana tumbura muhowo sihonena;

Otate vange kavazire mositora.

Kuruganesa nonkwateli nkangodina; Ame, ove, age, aso, ose, awo

Kusilikisa po erugururo pokuruganesa nkwatelinkangodina zouhunga ko nkangodina vana tumbura muhowo sihonena;

Embwinda lyoyidira ndi nonzwi Kuruganesa nkwateli nkangodina. ame,

ove, age, aso, ose, awo

Kusilikisa po erugururo pokuruganesa nkwatelinkangodina zouhunga ko nkangodina vana tumbura muhowo sihonena;

Ose katu mwene vayipwa yange awo tava gendi, makura yiyo katu varondekere metuwa lyetu

kusilikisa po esesupiko lyononkango



Age karetere nyama

kusikilisa po esesupiko lyononkango dahana hepero sihonena;

mumbyange..... Nyime kakere munene (kulironga ntumbwiso zonkwatelinkangodina kapisi hepero nawa-nawa pontambo ezi.)

Kuruganesa nonkwateli

nkangodina dopaweko Zange/sange yoge/yeni/sendi/sawo

Biyera kwa kere nonzara

kusilikisa po esesupiko lyononkango dahana hepero sihonena;

mumbyange namukurwange .... mugara kwa kere mure (kulironga ntumbwiso zo nkwatelinkangodina pontambo ezi sihorokwa tupu)

Kuruganesa no

nkwatelinkangodina dopaweko sihonena; Zange/sange/, yoge/yeni,

dahana hepero sihonena;

Name na mumbyange. mbungururu kazi temene (kulironga ntumbwiso zo nkwatelinkangodina po ntambo ezi sihorokwa tupu

kuruganesa nonkweteli nkangodina, dopaweko setu/zetu zawo/sawo aso eli etuwa lyetu. alyo lyetu

Oso sikoverero sange. Aso sange Ozo nzugo zoge. Azo zoge Ozo pena zendi. Ozo zendi Ezi hema zendi. Azo zendi (kulironga ntumbwiso nkwatelinkangodina zopaweko kapisi hepero pontambo ezi)

Kuruganesa no nkangoruganomwadene ngo nkango zina kutanta sirugana sihonena;

duka, vatuka, faneka, kuduka, ngoso..nangoso..... (kulironga ntumbwiso nkangorugano, sihorokwa tupu

Sendi/sawo Oso sikoverero sange. Aso sange Ozo nzugo zoge. Azo zoge Ozo pena zendi. Azo zendi Ezi hema zendi. Azo zendi (kulironga ntumbwiso ezi nkwatelinkango zopaweka dina kapisi hepero pontambo)

Kudimburura, kutumbura nokuruganesa nonkangorugano pwadene ngo nonkango dina kutanta sirugana sihonena;

kuzora, kutakina, kudana kuzogana, kutereka.

Ezi mbwa zawo. Azo zawo Mbisi ana zanya nge no mambwara gendi (kulironga ntumbwiso ezi nkwatelinkangodina zopaweko kapisi hepero pontambo ezi

Kudimburura, kutumbura nokuruganesa nonkangorugano pwadene ngo nonkango dina kutanta sirugana. Sihonena:

kuresa, kutjanga, mukunduruko, kusinga Kuruganesa nondikidivega, sihonena;



pontambo ezi) Kuruganesa nondikidevega

doureru. sihonena; mo, monda, po konyima, pokatji ngoso..nangoso... (kulironga ntumbwiso zo nondikidivega kapisi hepero pontambo ezi)

Kuruganesa nonsingono nonkangodina doureru sihonena;

Nangoso, nangoso.... Kuruganesa nondikidi vega

doureru. sihonena

mo, monda, po, konyima, komehozo, peguru (kulironga ntumbwiso zo ndikidevega pontambo ezi sihorokwa tupu)

Kuruganesa nonsingo nononkangodin doureru ngo nonkango dina kusingonona

mo, monda po, konyima komeho, peguru, ku nkumuka, pepi kulilimba nangos.. nangoso..

Kudimburura, kutumbura nokuruganesa

nonsingonona nkango dina

Etuwa lyokugenderera rugodi rorure mbara zonene

Kuruganensa mafanekeso gononsingononankangodina dankenye apa sihonena;

Genderera/gendererako genderera unene ure / ure unene/ ure unene sili. Unene / unene-nene / unene sili

(kulironga ntumbwiso zonsingononankangodina kapisi hepero pontambo ezi)

Nkangodina sihonena; mukeke gomununu mukadi gomunongo ngoso.. nangoso

Kuruganesa mafanekeso gononsingonona nkango dina dankenye apa nedi (irregular) Kapisi dankenye

Kupaka nonsingonona nkangodina mouhunga sihonena: kandjatogona kokasovagani kokanunu (kapisi kandjatogona kokasovagani) (kulironga ntumbwiso zo nsingononankangodina po ntambo ezi sihorokwa tupu)

Ngo nonkango edi dina kusingonona kusingona sihonena; mbwa zonzara

Kuruganesa mafanekeso gononsingonona nkangodina edi atu ruganesa nedi atu pli kuruganesa nkenye apa. nawa, hansa ko, wapo unene

Kupaka nonsingonona nkangodina mouhunga sihonena;

kandjatogona kokasovagani kokanunu kapisi kandjatogano ko kanunu kokasovagani

kuruganesa nonsingo nonkangodina pokugwederera yikwamako nelituromo monontanto sihonena;

mukadona go mugova ana rondo ko sitji somusu

kuruganesa nkangokwafi nkango zina kusingonona nkangorugano. sihonena;



Ame tani duka Kugenderera unene

(kulironga ntumbwiso zonkango kwafi pontambo ezi sihorokwa tupu)

Siruwo sosinanaina nosiruwo sosinanare pokuruganesa no nkangorugano dankene apa

Sitamporongo Varongwa vana hepa kuuyunga nokutjanga mouhunga pokuruganesa nonkangorugano pwa zene mosiruwo sosinanaina nosiruwo sosinanare




Kusinta nkangorugano mwa zene zi tunde mosiruwo sosinanaina zize mosiruwo sosinanare. sihonena; “kugenda” ame (kugenda ni ze kosure nkenye ezuva

Ame kani gendere nize kosure nkera

Kusinta mpipatano zonkangorugano pwazene zi tunde mosiruwo sosinanaina zize mosiruwo so sinanare. Sihonena:

kugenda ame kapi ani gendi ni ze kosure nkenye ezuva ame kapi kani gendere ni ze kosure nkera

kusinta nkangorugano pwa zene zitunde mosiruwo sosinanaina zize mo siruwo sosinanare. sihonena “kutereka” mumbyange kutereka murarero nkenye ezuva mumbyange katerekere mrarero nkera

Kusinta mpipatano zo nkangorugano pwazene zitunde mosiruwo sosinanaina zize mosiruwo sosinananre sihonena; kutereka Mumbyange kapi katerekere murarero nkera

Kusinta nkangorugano pwa zene zi tunde mosiruwo sosinanaina zize mosiruwo sosinanare. Sihonena:

Etuwa kusikama pembo nkenye ezuva Etuwa ka li sikamene pembo nkera. Kusinta mpipatano zo nkangorugano

pwazene zi tunde mosiruwo sosinaina zi ze mosiruwo sosinanare Etuwa kapi ali sikama po pembo nkenye ezuva Etuwa kapi kali sikame ne ponzugo nkera

Siruwo sosinaina nosiruwo sosinanare po kuruganesa nkangorugano pwa zene

Sitamborongo Varongwa vana hepa kuuyunga nokutjanga mo-uhunga pokuruganesa nonkango rugana pwa dene mosiruwo sosinanaina nosiruwo sosinanare

Kusinta nonkangorugano pwadene di tunde mosiruwo sosinanaina di ze mosiruwo sosinanare sihonena;

Kusinta nonkangorugano pwadene ditunde mosiruwo sosinanaina dize mosiruwo sosinanare. Sihonena; “kuduka”

Kusinta nonkangorugano pwadene ditunde mosiruwo sosinanaina dize mosiruwo sosinanare sihonena; kuronga Age kuronga varongwa sivike pita age karongere varongwa



Ose kuzogana mediva nkenye ezuva Nkera ose katu zoganene mediva Sihonena; Ame naguwu naina aki guwire.Ame kani guvire nkera Sihonena; “kuza” Age kuza kokudimba mo mapeu Nkera age kazire kokudimba

Kusinta mpipatano zo nonkangorugano do (irregular) ditunde mosiruwo sosinanaina dize mosiruwo sosinanare: Sihonena; (“kuzogana”) Ose kapi atu zogana me diva nkenye ezuva

Age kudukira kosure nkenye ezuva Nkera age kadukilire kosure Sihonena; kukara Otate vana hafa naina nkera Otate kava hafere sihonena; Kurugana Age kurugana yiruganenambo yendi nkenye ezuva nkera age karugene yiruganena mbo yendi

Kusinta mpipatano zo nonkangorugano (irregular) ditunde mosiruwo sosinanaina dize mosiruwo sosinanare Sihonena; “kuduka” Age kapi a dukire kosure nkenye ezuva. Nkera age kapi kadukilire

Sihonena; kukara Awo kuna kurugana mosipata naina Siwike pita awo kwa rugene mo sipata Sihonena; kukara no age ana kara nonondya naina Nkera age kakere nonondya

Kusinta mpipatano zo nonkangorugano (irregular) ditunde mosiruwo sosinanaina dize mosiruwo sosinanare sihonena; “kuronga” Age kapi a rongo varongwa Sivinke pita age kapi

Nkera ose kapi katu zoganene mediva Sihonena: Ame kapi naguwu naina. Nkera ame kapi kani guwire Sihonena: kuza Age kapi ana kuza nokukalideura Nkera age kapi ka zire kokulideura

kosure Sihonena; Otate kapi vana hafa naina Nkera Otate kapi kava hafere Sihonena; kurugana Age kapi a rugana yiruganena mbo yendi nkenye ezuva Nkera age kapi ka rugene yiruganenambo yendi

Karongere varongwa Sihonena; kukara Awo kapi vana kurugana mosipata naina Sivike pita awo kapi kavarugene mosipata Sihonena; kukara no Age kapi ana gwana nondya naina Ndi Age kutupu nondya naina Ndi Nkera age kapi kakere nonondya



Siruwo sosinanaina sontani

Sitamborongo Varongwa vana hepa kuuyunga nokutjanga mouhunga pokuruganesa siruwo sosinanaina santani. (yirugana eyi yina kuhoroka ndi eyi yina kudira kuhoroka ntaantani ngesi ndi komeho)

Matomporongo Varongwa kuvhura:



Kuruganesa nonkango rugano dokudivikwa va singonone asi yinke (ndi kapi) yina kuhoroka ntaantani ngesi ndi ngesi apa Sihonena; Ame kuna kuresa ntaantani . Ame kapi nokudana (ntaantani)

Kuruganesa nonkango rugano dokudivikwa va singonone asi yinke (ndi kapi) yina kuhoroka ntaantani ngesi ndi apa ngesi Sihonena;

Mukeke kuna kulira ntaantani. Age kapi ana rara (ntaantani)

kuruganesa nonkango rugano dokudivikwa vasingonone asi yinke (ndi kapi) yina kuhoroka ntaantani ngesi ndi apa ngesi. Sihonena:

Paurusa kapi ana kurugana yiruganenambo yendi

Kuruganesa nonkago rugano dokudivikwa va singonone sihorokwa sokomeho. sihonena;

Ame ngani ka dingura Omama sivike sokukwama ko

Kuruganesa nonankango rugano dokudivikwa vasingonone sihorokwa sokomeho sihonena;

Otate nava katuka kostenguko

Ntaantani. Age kuna kudana mbara (ntaantani)

Kuruganesa nonkango rugano dokudivikwa va singonone sihorokwa sokomeho. sihonena;

vamumbya vange nava tereka murarero ngurova

Siruwo sosinameho Sitamborongo Varongwa vana hepa ku-uuyunga nokutjanga mouhunga pokuruganesa siruwo sosinameho




Kuruganesa nonkango rugano dokudivikwa wa singonone sihorokwa sokomeho sihonena;

Ose ngatu kamona otate sivike sokukwama ko Ose kapi ngatu (kapi) kamona otate sivike sokukwama ko.

Kuuyunga ndi kutjanga kuhamena mbudi zoyihorokwa

Kuruganensa nonkango rugano dokudivikwa va singonone sihorokwa sokomeho.

sihonena; sikorama nasi kanwa

mombora kositenguko Sikoroma kapi nasi kanwa mombora kositenguko

Kuruganesa nonkango rugano dokudivikwa va singonone sihorokwa sokomeho sihonena; Mvhura azo twa vyuka ame ngani kara mo harade 4 ano mumbyange nga wiza aya kare kumwe name kapi ngazi roka mungura

Kuuyunga ndi kutjanga kuhamena mbudi zoyihorokwa yankenye ezuva eyi yina kuza yikahoroke,



yankenye ezuva eyi yina kuza yikahoroke sihonena;

mungura ame ngani...

Kuuyunga ndi kutjanga mbudi zoyihorokwa yankenye ezuva eyi yina kuza yikahoroke Sihonena: Mungura ame ngani..

sihonena; Mungura ame ngani ....

Etungontanto mpo nonompango

Sitamborongo Varongwa vana hepa kukwata egano nokuruganesa ediwo lyokutunga nontanto, no kutambura mpo nonompangera ntene uyunga nokutjanga.




Kutunga nontanto doureru pokuruganesa etwikakaneso ‘no, ndi’ sihonena;

Edina lyange nyame andriasa nye ame mumati. Kuvhura o lye siapera ndi ebanana.

Kuruganesa nompangero nkangorugano nomuninki mezilizuvho sihonena; ame/ove/ose/awo dana age/oyo kudana mukadona ta dana vakadona tava dana

kuruganesa (modal) kuvhura va pwagese evhuro

Kutunga nontanto doureru nedi depakokumwe patwikakano nontanto pokudiruganesa patwikakaneso “nsene, ntani, nye, no, morwa, sihonena; Tatu liyomberersa morwa kutu paka moukanguki

Kuruganesa no mpango ko nkangorugano nomuninki melizuvho. sihonena; ame/ove/ose/awo/ dimbi age/ayo kudimba Mbwa zina rara po rugorongwa. nombwa dina rara po rugorongwa

Kuruganesa (modals) vhura (evhuro) nokuvhura

Kutunga nontanto doureru nedi depako kumwe patwikakano nontanto pokudiruganesa po twikakano eyi ayi tanta. siruwo/elikwamo (gopomuhowo gokukwama ko, makura siruwo, komeho, nokonyima sihonena;

maria na Maritin kukuhwa mawoko gawo konyima zokuruganesa kanzugokwafero.

Kuruganesa nompango ko nkangorugano nomuninki. sihonena;

ame/ove/ ose/ awo tuka age/ayo kutuka Nzuvho ta viragura morondo gwendi. Vanzovhu tava viragura nomurondo dawo.

Kuruganesa no (modals) “vhura” kuvhura vana hepa



Nokuvhura pokupura epulisiro sihonena; Lucy kuvhura a sike ngoma zopampo. Ove kuvhura o pwage mo nonkondwarongero ntaantani

Kuruganesa unzi wou, usesu, unzi, unzi unene

Unzi nousesu kutanta yimwe

Ame na kara noyimuna yiyissesu ame kuna hupire nge po tumaliva totusesu

Kuruganesa “unzi” kumwe nonkangodina zopasimwe. Unzi kumwe nonkangodina zopayinzi

Nokuvhura vana hepa va pwagese nombumbwe sihonena; ame na hepa kurugana yiruganenambo

Kuruganesa unzi wousesu, usesu, unzi unzi, wounene; yinzi yinzi ko, unene

Kwina nondya dononzi ko kwina nondya donzi unene ko

Kwina yimuna yoyinzi ko . Kwina yimuna yoyinzi unene ko

Kuruganensa “yimwe” va likide sivaro sokuyereka. Ono hara masini gamwe?

Kuruganesa “nkenye” monontanto dopatano va likide sivaro sokuyereka Ose kapi tuna kara nomboroto nkenye

kuruganesa hawe va likide (emphasis) kwina kutupu siruwo sokudana

No vhulire vana hepa va vhure kuvhura no ngapi vhura sihonena; kuvhura zi roke sitenguko seesi. One kuna hepa kugava epakero sinka monkondwarongero ame na hara ni ze ko maraka kumwe nasipwasange.

Kuruganesa unzi wousesu, usesu, unzi, unzi unenen yinzi, yinzi ko, yimwe nkenye, hawe, nayinye nkenye ogu navenye, nayinye, navenye

Yidira nayinye kuutira mauta. Ame kapi na zuvhu yiuyungwa nayinye

Kuruganesa nkenye ogu ko 2 ndi mounzi kurganesa ‘nkenye apa’ ko 3 ndi mounzi unene

Age kuna dwara sizwe kanyara kwa nkenye ewoko. Age ka twikire nkenye embwara lyokonyara ugeha

Kuruganesa navenye

Kuruganesa eyereko esi, eyi,

Kuruganesa eyereko, esi, eyi,

nsene kuna kuuyunga Kuhamena vantu vavali ndi yininke. Vambahe navenye vare amen a remake ma guru nagenye

Kuruganesa eyereko esi, eyi, oso, vera

Kuruganesa esi no eyi ko yininke eyi



oso, vena.

Kuruganesa “esi” no “eyi” koyininke eyi yina pili kukara pepi To mono ogo nzovhu yikorama yina yina rara

oso, vena

Kuruganesa esi no eyi koyininke yina kara pepi Ono mumono gwina nzuvho? Yikorama eyi yina rara.

yina kara pepi. Ame na hara eli etuwa ame na hara konompandi

Kuruganesa ‘gwina’ na ‘yina’ koyininke eyi yina pili kukara pepi. To mu mono gwina nzovhu? yikorama yina yina rara?

Nongendeseso desipero Sitamborongo Varongwa hepa kusipera nonkango dopantambo hetakano ezi mouhunga pokuruganesa nongendeseso desipero.

Matomporo Varongwa kuvhure:



Kuruganesa nongendeseso desipero dokulisiga-siga

Kuhagaresa: po kuruganesa ediwo lyono ndanda ndi elihameno lyonomuhagaro (fonetiki) va hangure nonkango. kuvambeka

Kuruganesa nongendeseso desipero dokulisiga-siga

Kuhagaresa: Pokuruganesa ediwo lyondanda ndi elihameno lyo nondanda ndi elihameno lyono muhagaro (fonetiki)

Kuruganesa nonengendeseso desipero dokulisiga-siga.

kuhagaresa: pokuruganesa ediwo lyonondanda ndi elihameno lyonomuhaga-

Kupameka no muhagaro komaruha gononkango no nomuhagaro dokuvhonga-vhonga. yazera nawa-nawa asi nomuhagaro dene-dene yido delike kokuvhura kutjanga makura sihonena; sre (sure) mte (mutwe)

Kuhangura nonkango mo maruha, ketameko, mepako kumwe netwikakano lyono ndanda

Kuvarera, kutjangurura

Vahangure nonkango kuvambeka/kurambeka nomuhagaro komaruha gononkango no nomuhagaro dokuvhonga vhonga nomuhagaro dohepero delike dokuvhura kutjanga sihonena kauv (kauvi)

Kuhangura nonkango momaruha ketameko, mepako kumwe netwikakano lyonondanda nomoyintetwa ndanda

kuvarera (sikura) kutjangurura nokuninka nonkango (kumwe

Ro (fonetiki) va hangure nonkango. Kuvambeka /kurambeka nomuhagaro komaruha gononkango nonomuhagaro do kuvhonga-vhonga

Kuhangura nonkango mo maruha ketameko, mepako kumwe, netwikakano, lyono ndanda nomoyintetwa ndanda.

Kuvarera (sikura) kutjangu rura nokuninka nonkango (kumwe nerova ngoso.. ngoso..) va sipere nonkango donompe kuhetakanesa nawa-nawa muzaro gononkango rugururo depeguru. sihonena;



nokuninka nonkango kumwe ne rova nangoso.. nangoso..) va sipere nonkango donompe nomuzaro gononkango rugururo depeguru goureru sihonena. ngwendi; po, nsene no mu aso, kara, tanta, ame, ove zimwe

Kutura efano lyokumoneka momagano asi ngapi zafana nkango; kuruganesa yimoneka yokumoneka melikwamo, ure wonkango,

verova ngoso...ngoso... va sipere nonkango donompe kuhetakanesa nawa-nawa muzaro gononkango rugururo depeguru. sihonena;

yimwe, konyima, parumwe, kere kupi

Kutura efano lyokumoneka momagano asi ngapi za fana nkango; kuruganesa yimonke yokumoneka melikwamo,

dawo morwa

Kutura efano lyokumoneka momagano asi ngapi zafana nkango: pokuruganesa yimoneka yokumoneka melikwamo, ure

nonkango dononunu sihwi sonkango, noyidiviso mononkango sihonena; Mononkango dononene mbisi sikwamusere nonondanda dononsupi nedi dononde.

Kutjanga nonkango mo mafano monobukenkango vana rugana vene

Kuruganesa silikaukiso tunda nkango zende zimwe

Kuvalikida makarata gononkango gomonkondwarongero

kupura varongi novakurona vamwe mbatero ndi ekwafo

Kuruganesa ngendeseso ngamoomu ngwendi zo ‘kutara’ no’kuyunga’; kukudumika efano lyokumoneka momagano, kutjanga, kutarurura, vakulironga nonkango melipongwero

ure wonkango sihwi sonkango noyidiviso Mononkango. gokumoneka sihonena; kugwana nonkango dononunu mononkango dononene (mbara) sikwamusere nongwendandazwi donondanda mbali, payinzi nangoso.... nangoso...

Kutjanga nonkango momafano monobukenkango vana rugana vene

kuruganesa silikaikiso tunda nkango zende zimwe

pokutwaredera komakarata gononkango nomanduruko gado momukunduruko gomonkandwarongero

kupura varongi novakurora vamwe mbatero ndi ekwafo

kuruganesa ngendeseso zo kutara nokuuyunga, kukudumika, efano

Wononkango, sihwi sonkango noyidiviso mononkango. sihonena; kugwana nonkango dononunu mononkango dononene. (nzovhu) nongwenda nkango kwa gendere, maruha gamwe goyineya gononkango ngwendi siwa unene

Kugava nonkondo kesiperopeke va horowore mo zouhunga sihonena; eginyo, egenye, eginye egunyu egonyi,

kuruganesa nobukenkango doureru

kuruganesa silikaikiso tunda nkango zende zimwe

pokutwaredera komakarata gononkango nomomanduruko gado momukunduruko gomonkandwarongero.

kupura varongi, vakurona vamwe novakwawo ekwafo ndi



Yokumoneka momagano, kutjanga, kutarurura vokulironga nonkango melipongwero

mbatero

Kuruganesa ngendeso zo kutara nokuuyunga, kukudumika, efano lyokumoneka momagano, kutjanga, kutarurura valironge nonkango melipongwero

Eruganeso nompango desipero

Sitamborongo; Varongwa vana hepa kusipera nonkango dontambo hetakano zawo mouhunga pokuruganesa nompango desipero




Kuruganesa nompango desipero mouhunga

(a) kutunda ko nsene ire tazi wiza ko zi yaka rere sihonena;

kara (kwakere) ninka (kwa ninkire) wiza (kwa wizire)

Nondanda zwi i, u, o zokumwena kuninka muhagaro gokumwena ogu atu gwana kehagero lyonkango, kuni ndi kugava ndandazwi zomuhagaro gomure sihonena;

ninka mbiga ehuguvaro, egoma

Kuruganesa nompango desipero mouhunga.

(A) Kutunda ko nsene ire tazi wiza ko zi ya karere sihonena;

kara kwa karere nika (kwa ninkire), wiza (kwa wize) nondanda “, komeho zo e kugusa ko konyima c nye unene papa “e” montumbwiso zono ndanda odo ngamoomu sihonena; hompa muwidi, siteta ngwidi muholi

lyongumi Kutura pwa ruvali ndanda zokuhulilira komeho zokuhaga no suffix noosintetwandanda simwe, nonkango dokuhaga no ndandazwi zonsupi Sihonena:

kuzaruka etata, etata lyenzi ndjakaika, kwa ndjakire nga ndjakaika


10. Ngendesokonakono Mokuninka asi vakwate egano elikwamo lyokusikilira lyonkareso zomatomporo, ekonakono

twikido lyononkarero dokulisiga-siga mulyo unene mo Pilimere zePevhu, li vhure kugava

efano lyokuzulilira lyezo komeho nomatomporo govarogwa. Ekonakono twikido lyahepa

kukara lina zere alyo hena likare lyoureru pangendeso, zokuzuvhika zakorera

mondongeseso zokutura murongwa akare munakatji, nomontateko zousili woyirugana yendi.

Maditomporo go mongendesesorongo kwa tumbura ekwatogano nomaunongo aga na vhura

kulikida murongwa, naga nava vhura kukonakana. Nampili ngoso, ago kwa tamba asi

ngendesesorongo yizo nazi kara musingi gwelirongo kapisi musingi gwekonakono.

10.1 Yitambo yekonakono Sitambo sekonakonotwikido sokuhuguvaresa usili wekumbururo nomapukururo gomulyo

koyikusikisamo noyirugana yovaronwa momatomporo. Mapukururo aga kuvhura

kugaruganesa vagave yitundwamo kovarongwa, yokuhamena unankondo noupirankondo

wawo, kupi vana kurugana nawa, ntani ngapi omu nava hepa kuliwapukurura. Vakurona

vana hepa nkenye apa ku vapukurura kupitira monzapo zosure ezi zakarapo, kuhamena

ezokomeho lyovanavawo. Awo vana hepa kuvakorangeda mokugava nomfeto

komatomporo nokuvakwatesa ko kelirongo lyovana vawo.

Ekonakono twikido nalyo kukwafa varongi va vhure kuwapukurura ndongeseso zawo

nokugva elirongo horokero lyo hansa ko kovarongwa. Madidiliko vana hepa kuga mona asi

ekonakono lyokelirongo kapisi likare asi ekonakono lyelirongo. Ose kukonakona tu gwane

yitundwamo yokuhuguvara yankenye murongwa momatomporo gendi gomomatomporo

mokuninka tu twikire komeho mokuvyukisa erongo ndi elirongo, kugendesa ekwateso

kelirongo nokutarurura nawa ngendeseso zerongo lyetu.

10.2 Marudi gokukonakona Ngendeseso zekonakono lyokulituntika: Murongi ana hepa kukonakona a tare asi ngapi

nkenye murongwa omu ana kwata ndi ana diva nawa matomporo aga vasingonona

mongendesesorongo zeRaka lyokuhova (moRukwangali) ano kutunda kweyi a gwane efano

lyankenye murongwa lyezokomeho. Mokutamununa momunene, eyi kuvhura ku yirugana

monkedi zokulituntika, kupitira metarero lya nkenye ezokomeho lyomurongwa melirongo

nomo nkarero zoyirugana, siruwo oso awo kuna kuresa kutjanga, kuuyunga kuwme

nemelihamesero molyawo mwanayinye momunene.

Elikwamo lyokutamunuka lyonkediruganeso zekonakono lyokulituntika vana hepa

kuliruganesa, ngamoomu yirugana yoparugano, nkedirugano zenomeno, mapuragero aga

gakara po, kuliyonga nekonakono lyavene-navene ngoso.. nangoso. Ekonakono vana hepa

kulididilika pontanteko zomatomporo hena vana hepa kugahamesera ko yitambo yankenye

sumauyungwa ntani kuvhura hena kutura mo yiviyauka yopamundinda, vavali-vavali neyi

yomombunga. Ekaromo nelihamesero mo lyo varongwa kumwe nomagwederero ko gawo

moyirugana yomombunga. nayo hena vana hepa kuyitura moyirugana. pwa nkenye ntambo

zegendeso elirongo, murongi ana hepa kudivilisa nawa-nawa nsene asi varongwa tava sikisa

momaditomporo gopantateko.

Ngendeseso konakono ezi zakara po: Mweyi kwa hamena mo etuliso po ekonakono

lyopankarero ngwendi mapuragero, makonakonogona gomasupi, makonakono gopakana


nomakarata goyiviyauka. Makarata goyiviyauka kukwafa unene ntani kuvhura kuyilikida

nampili kositafuratjango ndi posipepa. Ayo mulyo unene asi varongi varongikide nokutulisa

egano, mokuninka vakona-kono varongwa nokugava yitwa posivha so yitwa 6.

Eruganeso lyontjangeso zakarapo nomakonakonogona gopakana tupu gelike gokuvhura

kukonakona palikwamo hagerolyomatomporo ano morweyi ayo nokuvhurasi kugusa siruwo

sosinene sokuyirugana. Makonakonogona gomasupi kuvhura kuga tulisa po monda zoruha

rweraka lyokuhova (Rukwangali) mosiruwo sonoperiode ntani kuvhura kuyilitarera asi

yiviyauka yeRaka yankenye apa.


10.3 Esingonono lyonoHarade Nkarero zetomporo lyovarongwa melikwatakanokumwe nomaditomporo

gomongendesesorongo gemeRaka lyo kuhova (moRukwangali) kuna kugalikida mono

ndanda doharade edi ava gava. Nsene nondanda doHarade tava digavere mfeto, eyi hepero

unene asi awo vavhure kugazudurura nawa-nawa montambo nkarero zezokomeho

zomurongwa zetomporo melitundakano kumwe nomatomporo. Moharade 1 dogoro 3

nondanda doHarade ado kudihamesera koyitwa 6 yetomporo pokuyiviha, elitundakano

lyopokatji konoharade edi ava gava nomatomporo yilyo eli vana kulikida oku konhi;

Harade Yitwa

(P2 Ha. 1-3)

% Kutunda (etwikiro mo)

Ha. 4-12 Esingonono lyetomporo

A 5 80%+

Kwa sikisa mo matomporo nawa mokupitakana melihanguro: Murongwa ana manamo unene moma ruha nagenye gomatomporo

B 4 70-79 %

Kwa sikisa mo matomporo nawa unene: Etomporo lyomurongwa kwa korera metateko lyomulyo goyihepwa peguru lyounakatji. age ana kara nediwo lyopontambo zepeguru momaruha gomanzi getomporo.

C 3 60-69

Kwa sikisa mo matomporo nawa: murongwa ana kara nediwo lyomatomporo pakupanda mononkarero dahana kudivikwa nomomaruhantanto melihameno

D 2 50-59%

Kwa sikisa mo matomporo pokupamda: etomporo lyo murongwa ku li gwa kumwe noyi nakugwanesa mo younakatji. Murongwa kuvhura a kare nohepero zo mbatero zelirongo lyendi momaruha gamwe

E 1 40-49%

Kwa sikisa mo sivaro sosisesu so matomporo gomanzi aga vagazarera asi kuvhura a rugane yuma: murongwa kuvhura a pire kusikisamo matomporo gomasesu gopontambo ezi yina gwanene a vhure kuza komeho, murongwa ana hepa mbatero zelirongo momaruha nagenye.

U 0 0-39%

Kwato Harade: Murongwa kapi gavhuru kusikisa mo usesu womatomporo gopantambo nampili moomu gagwene mbatero zokupitakanena ko murongi. Murongwa ana hepa mbatero zo kumanenena mo melirongo

10.4 Mbyukiso mpango kwa faturura ekonakono twikido (efatururo kuvhura kuligwana mompango vyukiso zo pantambo zoPilimere zePevhu) ekonakono lya hepa kukara ruha rwe liwapaikire sirongwa nongendeseso konakono zokuzera vana hepa kuzitulisa po. Mosiruwo soyirongwa awo varongwa siruwo oso kuna kutwikira noyiviyauka yonkarero zomonkandwarongero, murongi ta gendesa ekanokano twikido lyakara po (informal) neli lyokutulisa po (formal) komatomporo nagenye gokulisiga-


siga, nokomaunongo mo yirongwa nayinye. Montambo zoPilimere zepevhu, ekonakono alyo yilyo ngendeseso twaredero. Eyi kuna kutanta asi, nsene yitwa ndi nondanda doharade tava digava, eyi mulyo unene asi, awo vagazadare komatomporo gonontambo dovarongwa nawa, melitundakano kumwe nomatomporo. 10.4.1 Ekonakono twikido lyokulituntika: Ekonakono twikido (CA eli lyakutulisapo alyo kuligendesa kupitira metarero (enomeno) lyoparungamo nokutjanga madidiko (tara yihonena mo 10.4.3). Eyi kuna kutanta asi, siruwo esi varongwa vana kulihamesera vene moyiviyauka yosirongwa oso murongi ta tjanga pelikwamo lyomuhanguro etarero ndi enomeno lyokuhamena matomporo ndi maudigu aga. Madidiliko ndi makumbururo ko kuvhura ga vyukise eliwapaikiro lyo yirongwa yokomeho, yinakugwanesa yekwateso ko elirongo nomu navagava yitwa kekonakono twikido lyokutulisa po. Kapisi hepero kutjanga ekumbururo ndi edidiliko kwa nkenye etomporo sikorekwa (r) kuvhura sikare yiso po tupu vahepa po kw nayinye valikide asi murongwa ana kara nediwo lyo unongo. Nampili ngoso, umbangi wopatjangwa yiwo vahepa po, nsene murongwa ta kondjangana oku ana hepa ekwateso ko lyokomeho. 10.4.2. Ekonakono twikido lyakara po Ekonakono twikido lyakara po, alyo narunye kwa hwa kulirugana konyima zehageso lyosuma uyunga ndi paapa egano lyokudivikwa ali hepa ekonakono lyokomeho zokudivisa egano lyepe. Varongi kuvhura pwarumwe kugava yitjangwa yoyisupi ndi ekonakono lyo pakan andi mapuragero aga vatamwinina mosinema. Morweyi, murongi ta gava yitwa kukwama ko yitwa 6 posiviha sonoharade (tara po 10. 4.3) momakonakono gamwe gomanzi aga, kuga gendesa mwaza sinema, ekonakono lyakarapo limwe tupu yilyo nava tjanga po. Ekonakono eli alyo kulirugana posiruwo so pankarero zomuhanguro. eyi kuna kutanta asi kutupu murongwa go moPilimere zepevhu gomoHarade 1 nezi 3 gokuvhura kutjanga ekonakonogona lyomosinke ndi a kare nosiruwo selikwamo lyekonakono mosiruwo oso omu varongwa vana liwapaikira ndi kulironga si tava tjanga ekonakonogona. yitwa yomakonakono gakara po ku yitjanga po noForoma dokutjanga ekonakono twikido. Pehagero lyo sinema yitwa yankenye sirongwa kuyitura kumwe “mosigwana” somukweyo. “Unakatji” yiwo sivaro sko sigwano so yitwa vana hangura kono nomora dekonakono lyakara po eli vagava nomo yintetwa yonodesimare vana hepa ku yilikida sihonena; 3.2 sitwa so “Unakatji” makura tava simaresa nokusisinta vasi tware moharade ngamoomu vana ku yilikida mo 11.3


11. Muzaro gefwatururo varuganesa metjagwa Muzaro Gononkango (Mulyo unene) Etanto lyononkango edi vana gava apa kurugana ko nkango mo yikara mo yezi ndongesesorongo zelike kapisi hepero koyikara mo yapeke. Auditory Perception: Elihameno lyomaruha gorutu gokuzuvha ndi ngendeseso

zokuzuvha eruganeso murongwa matwi nouruvi yipo a vhure kutoroka, kuhangura no kukwata egano eyi vana ku zuvhu.

Evhongakano lyondanda: Epakerero lyondanda mbali ndi dononzi nkenye apa

ketameko ndi kehagero lyonkango, sihonena; /mb/mo nkango mbungururu /ng/gonga, sitarapa /st/ ny/ gonya

Matomporo: Mahetaiko gomaunongo aga ava pakere po mbili asi yipo

po gohepero yipo po gohepero yipo vasikisemo yirugana ndi nonkarero doyinakugwanesa.

Ekonakono Twikido: Ehetaiko lye zokomeho lyovarongwa aga vatatekera

poyirugana eyi ava rugana monda zonkondwarongero ndi makagona ndi mapuragero aga ava rugana mwaza sinema ndi elima hansa ko kupitakan mekonakono lyo parumwe tupu.

Ngendeseso nzira: nonzira dononkareso donongwa edi vatambura

papakerero asi dahungama Decode: Kuninka ndi kugava nondunge ko ndi kekwatogano

lyetanto lyononkango edi dopatjangwa Nongwe dandandazwi donondanda Mbali: Epando lyonondanda dina karere po ruuyungo ro

muhagaro gopwa (digraph) gelike nga moomu ngwendi /nz/nzwi /ee/wee/go/ erago/

aa/ uwaawa elipakerero lyonondanda: Muhagaro goruuyungo ogu agu senutuka kutunda

kondandazwi zimwe (Diphthong) guze kondandazwi peke monda zosintetwandanda

zokulifana sihonena; /va/ ezuva/ ti/ mumati /tw/ etwi /vha/ zuvha /nd/ ndanda /ira/ nzira /nz/ nzugo Eraka, nomurungu nonompanda nkenye apa kuligumagura nsene elipakerero lyonondanda tava liforoma

Egano fwatururo paureru: Po Kufaturura egano monkedi zokuzera zo kuzuvhika

pwa hana uhura Souzuni nevhu nalinye: Ezarararo lyouzuni lyo kuliza kumwe nekuliko ngo

yitundwamo yewapukururo ediwo yirugana konentu nomagwanekero, pamwe ayo kukahagera mezumbaneso lyoyidimbwiliso yopampo pwamwene

Buke didiliko: Mapepa ndi bukedidiliko omu varongwa ava heteker ko

kusipera nonkango pwa vene, murongi age nkenye apa


ana heap kutarurura mo nokuwapukurura mo apa pana kara hepero.

Mapuro gopantambo Ngapi ndi morwasinke aga ninkisa varongwa vatunge

magono zepeguru: ganahamene ndi gan kutwaredera kehagero lyosininke

simwe esi vazuvha ndi varesa pamwe kulikida asi ogo mapuro goupyu. (mapuro gopaunongo wokugazara gopontambo zepeguru)

Nonkango dokumonaika nkenye apa valitulira ntere: Nonkango edi ava ruganesa nkenye apa edi adi moneka

moyitjangwa nedi varongwa nava vhura kuresa vahana kutamangera sihonena: mu, po, yimwe, ,kuuyunga ngoso..nangoso.

Nohomonime: Nonkango dakara nontumbwiso zokulifana, esipero

lyokulifana nye metanto lyado dalisiga, sihonena; ame kwa dene udano wombara. Apo pofarma kwa kere po yidanauka yoyinzi

Nohomofone: Nkango dakara nontumbwiso zo kulifana, esipero

lyokulisiga, netanto lyokulisiga sihonena; Ame kwa kara nomeho gavali, age tazi ko maraka name nahara kuza

Epakerero mo: Sirugana sokupakerera mo nkenye gumwe Nkangorugana pwadene: Nkangorugano ezi azi dili kukwama kepakerero

lyonondanda mosiruwo sosinanare nomosiruwo sosinanare sanare. sihonena; Ame tani zogana(siruwo sosinanare) Ame kani zoganene (siruwo sosinanare) Ame kwa zoganene (siruwo sosinananre sanare) Mulyo unene, ezi ngendesesorongo kapi zakuuyunga siruwo sosinananre sonkangorugano, morwa do kapi ava dirongo moPilimere zepevhu

Mutungo gweraka: Ndongeraka norongontanto lye meraka Mulyo gwelirongo: Esingonono lyeyi vatjanga eyi varongwa navavhura

kudiva neyi navhura kurugana ngo yitundwa mo yelirongo lyawo kehagero, lyosinano soruveze sihonena; kehagero lyoPilimere zepevhu, ayo kuyitumbura asi “mulyo goyikaramo”. Mulyo gwelirongo kusingonona eyi varongi nava vhura kuronga neyi varongwa nava vhura kulironga.

Mapuro gopandanda: Mapuro go – lye yinke /yisinke, kupi, aga varongwa

vahepa kugwana malimbururo goureru Nosure dononene dakarapo: Suze ezi azi sikisa momomunene yihepwa yovarongwa

ava vapira kukara noyihepwa yoparongo lyo kulikerera. Nkenye sure ezi za pira kukara asi sure (zosipesiyare) ndi zokulikerera.

Muhagaro do nondanda hovese nonondanda huliso: Ehanguro lyonomuhagaro moyintetwa ndanda yondanda

zimwe sihonena kara zokuhova (k) kehagero (na) sitora


(s)nondanda dokuhova, (ra) kehagero lyonkango. Lidinga (li) nondanda dokuhova (nga) kehagero lyonkango. Nonkango dokulihamena kuvhura kuditunga pokuruganesa nondandohoveso dankenye apa ngamoomu ngwendi (p) geguru doropa, pomba ndi kuruganesa nondandahuliso da nkenye apa ngamoomu ngwendi (na) kana para (ra) hingira (ra) mpuku (ku)

Fonomene: Kamuhagarogona kokanunu meraka aka aka vhuru

kugava etanto sihonena. (m) mate (mv) mvhura (s) sipundi

Fonetiki: Ngendeseso zokurongesesa kuresa pokudimburura

nomuhagaro donondanda ndi elipakerero lyonondanda lina kwateremo, malitundakano gopokatji konomuhagaro noyidiviso.

Edimbururo lyonomuhagaro: Kuna kutwaredera kediwo lyo pamwene (pamundinda)

lyonomutungo donomuhagaro dononkango edi ava uyunga. Ayo kwa mo enongonono (manipulation) zo muhagaro omo kwa hamena mo hena yiviyauka ngamoomu ngwendi kuhagara kulifana, yintentwandanda, muhagaro gondanda gokuhova nondanda zekuhagesa, nedimbururo phonemes edimbururo nomuhgaro kwa hamena konomuhagaro dombuyungiso kapisi konondanda dopatjangwa do alfabeti.

Nongwendandazwi donondanda ne: Nomuhagaro donondanda ne dakarera po mbuyungiso

zonomuhagaro dopadelike nga moomu ngwendi: (ough) dough daughter (augh)

Recount/recall: Kusanseka ndi kutjanga kuhamena elimoneno Nonkangorugano dankenye apa: Nkangorugano ezi azi tungo siruwo sosinanare nosiruwo

sosinanare pokugwederera ko tani kani, ngani na. Vatundisa kedinkango (foroma) sihonena ame tani uyunga (edinkango). Ame kani uyungire (siruwo sosinanare). Ame na uyungire (siruwo sosinanare sonare). (Mulyo unene) asi ngendeseso ezi kapi zinakuuyunga (siruwo sosinanare sanare) zononkangorugano morwa ado kapi ava dirongo mo pilimrere zePevhu.

Kusansukurura: Kusanseka esanseko hena konyima zokulipurakena ndi

kuliresa Ngendeseso tarururo pwamwene: Ngendeseso ezi ava ruganesa varongwa moku koreka

(kuwapukurura) yintokora tjangwa ya vene


Elirongikidiro sure neliwapaikiro yirongwa: Elikwamo lyegano vatulisa po kovarongwa wo Harade 1

moNamibia omu vadimburura asi varongwa wo vanzi kapi vasikisa mo eliwapaikiro lyawo sure, komeho zokutameka sure. Ayo kwa liganopeka likwafe varongwa vakwate egano maunongo gena gohepero kelirongo lyakara po

Erongo ntanto: Ngapi nonkango omu ava diwapaike nokudimangakana

ditunge ruhantanto nonontanto Nongwendandazwi donondanda ntatu: Nondanda ntatu dakarera po mbuyungi so zomuhagaro

gopwagwelike ngamoomu; sihonena; (rwa) kaparwa (ntaa) ntaantani, (waa) uwaawa.

Simonekwa: Kutura sihwi sefano lyosinake momagano gawo. Yimoneka yokumoneka: Eruganesa varongwa meho no uruvi wawo eyi nayi vhura

kuvaninkida vapirure, vahangure no kukwata egano eyi vana kumona

Elirongonkango: Ehanguro lyetanto neruganeso lyononkango.

The National Institute for Educational Development Private Bag 2034 Okahandja NAMIBIA Telephone: +64 62 509000 Facsimile: +64 62 509033 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.nied.edu.na © NIED 2014

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION JUNIOR PRIMARY …...oku yina wapere varongwa va hepa kuvasiga va gwane ndi va...

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Transcript of MINISTRY OF EDUCATION JUNIOR PRIMARY …...oku yina wapere varongwa va hepa kuvasiga va gwane ndi va...