Meteorology 415

Fall 2012

Contest 2

City 1 – RAP

October 16, 2012

Rapid City, South Dakota

Rapid City, SD -Observations

• KRAP 161752Z 18015KT 10SM CLR 21/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP975 T02060028 10211 20044

• 58047=

• KRAP 161752Z 18015KT 10SM CLR 21/03 A2951=

• KRAP 161852Z 18016KT 10SM CLR 21/02 A2946 RMK AO2 SLP955 T02060022=

• KRAP 161852Z 18016KT 10SM CLR 21/02 A2946=

• KRAP 161952Z 21011KT 10SM FEW120 22/01 A2941 RMK AO2 SLP943 T02170006=

• KRAP 162052Z 29005KT 10SM OVC110 21/01 A2938 RMK AO2 SLP937 T02060011 56038=

• KRAP 162052Z 29005KT 10SM OVC110 21/01 A2938=

• KRAP 162152Z 11003KT 10SM FEW048 SCT075 BKN090 19/02 A2936 RMK AO2 RAB24E35 SLP928

• P0000 T01940022=

• KRAP 162152Z 11003KT 10SM FEW048 SCT075 BKN090 19/02 A2936=

• KRAP 162252Z 36011KT 10SM OVC100 19/03 A2936 RMK AO2 RAB36E50 SLP931 P0000

• T01890033=

• KRAP 162252Z 36011KT 10SM OVC100 19/03 A2936=

• KRAP 162352Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935 RMK AO2 RAB2254E04 SLP933 P0000 60000

• T01670044 10217 20167 56011=

• KRAP 162352Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935=

Rapid City, SD -Observations• KRAP 162352Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935 RMK AO2 RAB2254E04 SLP933 P0000 60000

• T01670044 10217 20167 56011=• KRAP 162352Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935=• KRAP 170052Z 34020KT 10SM -RA BKN070 OVC090 13/09 A2939 RMK AO2 PK WND 34032/0016• RAB04 SLP949 P0000 T01280094=• KRAP 170052Z 34020KT 10SM -RA BKN070 OVC090 13/09 A2939=• KRAP 170152Z 31027G34KT 9SM -RA BKN060 OVC070 12/08 A2944 RMK AO2 PK WND 31034/0151• SLP969 P0003 T01170078=• KRAP 170152Z 31027G34KT 9SM -RA BKN060 OVC070 12/08 A2944=• KRAP 170252Z 30012G20KT 10SM -RA OVC050 09/07 A2947 RMK AO2 PK WND 30040/0158• SLP977 P0008 60011 T00940072 51038 $=• KRAP 170252Z 30012G20KT 10SM -RA OVC050 09/07 A2947=• KRAP 170352Z 30014KT 10SM SCT075 OVC090 10/06 A2947 RMK AO2 RAE48 SLP971 P0001• T01000056 $=• KRAP 170352Z 30014KT 10SM SCT075 OVC090 10/06 A2947=• KRAP 170452Z AUTO 29007KT 10SM FEW065 SCT090 OVC110 10/06 A2949 RMK AO2 RAB02E17• SLP972 P0000 T01000061 $=• KRAP 170452Z AUTO 29007KT 10SM FEW065 SCT090 OVC110 10/06 A2949=• KRAP 170552Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP980 60012 T01000033• 10172 20094 53013 $=• KRAP 170552Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951=

Rapid City, SD -Observations• KRAP 170552Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP980 60012 T01000033

• 10172 20094 53013 $=

• KRAP 170552Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951=

• KRAP 170652Z AUTO 32019KT 10SM CLR 10/M03 A2954 RMK AO2 PK WND 31029/0621 SLP991

• T01001028 402170044 $=

• KRAP 170652Z AUTO 32019KT 10SM CLR 10/M03 A2954=

• KRAP 170752Z AUTO 32023G35KT 10SM CLR 09/M05 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 31037/0741 SLP998

• T00941050 $=

• KRAP 170752Z AUTO 32023G35KT 10SM CLR 09/M05 A2957=

• KRAP 170852Z AUTO 30017G27KT 10SM CLR 08/M04 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 30036/0831 SLP001

• T00831039 51017 $=

• KRAP 170852Z AUTO 30017G27KT 10SM CLR 08/M04 A2957=

• KRAP 170952Z AUTO 31022G43KT 10SM CLR 09/M04 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 31043/0944 SLP003

• T00891039 $=

• KRAP 170952Z AUTO 31022G43KT 10SM CLR 09/M04 A2957=

• KRAP 171052Z AUTO 33022G49KT 10SM OVC060 08/M03 A2960 RMK AO2 PK WND 32049/1045

• SLP013 T00831028 $=

• KRAP 171052Z AUTO 33022G49KT 10SM OVC060 08/M03 A2960=

• KRAP 171105Z AUTO 32031G53KT 10SM SQ BKN060 08/M02 A2960 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100

• $=

• KRAP 171105Z AUTO 32031G53KT 10SM SQ BKN060 08/M02 A2960=

• KRAP 171152Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100 SLP029 70012

• T00500000 10106 20050 53018 $=

• KRAP 171152Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963=

Rapid City, SD -Observations• KRAP 171152Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100 SLP029• 70012 T00500000 10106 20050 53018 $=• KRAP 171152Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963=• KRAP 171252Z 31036G47KT 10SM OVC110 08/M04 A2961 RMK AO2 PK WND 31047/1245• SLP026 T00781039 $=• KRAP 171252Z 31036G47KT 10SM OVC110 08/M04 A2961=• KRAP 171352Z 32037G47KT 10SM FEW120 08/M04 A2961 RMK AO2 PK WND 31053/1327• SLP028 T00781044=• KRAP 171352Z 32037G47KT 10SM FEW120 08/M04 A2961=• KRAP 171452Z 32034G50KT 10SM CLR 08/M06 A2965 RMK AO2 PK WND 32054/1358 SLP042• T00831061 53006=• KRAP 171452Z 32034G50KT 10SM CLR 08/M06 A2965=• KRAP 171552Z 32038G48KT 10SM CLR 09/M06 A2967 RMK AO2 PK WND 32057/1534 SLP048• T00941061=• KRAP 171552Z 32038G48KT 10SM CLR 09/M06 A2967=• KRAP 171652Z 32032G44KT 10SM SCT075 10/M06 A2970 RMK AO2 PK WND 32046/1610• SLP058 T01001061=• KRAP 171652Z 32032G44KT 10SM SCT075 10/M06 A2970=• KRAP 171752Z 33034G46KT 10SM SCT080 10/M07 A2971 RMK AO2 PK WND 32046/1749• SLP063 T01001067 10106 20056 51021=

Rapid City, SD– Surface Map

Rapid City, SD – Upper Air Pattern

Rapid City, SD – Satellite

Rapid City, SD– Radar

Rapid City, SD –Guidance

Verification

Survey Path Scores

Career Path Scores

Up Close and Personal

Lessons Learned: RAP• Remarkably, the air became more moist

behind the front – particularly due to the anabatic structure of the front.

• Strong winds take a while to mix down, though the dynamic forcing of downsloping from the Black Hills are independent to time of day.

L.F Wade Intl Airport - Bermuda

Bermuda- Observations• TXKF 161755Z 06012KT 9999 -RA BKN023 BKN050 OVC080 24/20 Q1004=• TXKF 161855Z 04012KT 8000 -RA BKN016 BKN050 OVC080 24/21 Q1003 /=• TXKF 161925Z 04015KT 6000 RA BKN013 BKN050 OVC080 24/22 Q1002=• TXKF 161955Z 05016KT 3200 RA BR BKN013 OVC050 24/23 Q1001• TXKF 162036Z 07024KT 4800 RA BKN009 BKN033 OVC050 22/20 Q1001=• TXKF 162055Z 06020KT 6000 -RA BKN009 BKN026 OVC056 22/20 Q1000=• TXKF 162115Z 04020KT 4400 RA BKN009 BKN021 OVC054 22/20 Q1000 RMK BKN009 V SCT=• TXKF 162124Z 05023G34KT 1600 RA BKN009 BKN017 OVC054 22/20 Q1000=• TXKF 162138Z 04023G33KT 2400 RA BKN009 BKN017 OVC057 21/18 Q0999=• TXKF 162155Z 04023G34KT 2400 RA SCT008 BKN019 OVC046 21/19 Q0999 RMK SCT008 V• BKN=• TXKF 162209Z 04023G34KT 4000 RA SCT008 BKN017 OVC049 21/20 Q0998=• TXKF 162239Z 02024G36KT 4800 -RA BKN008 BKN028 OVC050 22/20 Q0998 RMK BKN008 V• SCT=• TXKF 162255Z 03027G38KT 4400 -RA BKN008 BKN028 OVC054 22/20 Q0998=• TXKF 162308Z 03027G39KT 4800 -RA SCT008 BKN019 OVC058 21/20 Q0998=• TXKF 162327Z 02027G38KT 4400 RA SCT008 BKN017 OVC047 22/21 Q0997=• TXKF 162355Z 02030G44KT 4000 RA BKN008 BKN016 OVC048 22/20 Q0997=

Bermuda- Observations

• TXKF 162355Z 02030G44KT 4000 RA BKN008 BKN016 OVC048 22/20 Q0997=• TXKF 170041Z 01026G44KT 6000 -RA BKN008 BKN017 OVC053 22/21 Q0996

RERA=• TXKF 170055Z 02025G35KT 8000 -RA BKN008 BKN019 OVC056 22/21 Q0996

RERA=• TXKF 170155Z 34028G41KT 9000 -RA BKN009 OVC020 23/21 Q0996=• TXKF 170155Z 34028G41KT 9000 -RA BKN009 OVC020 23/21 Q0996 /=• TXKF 170255Z 33026G37KT 9999 BKN011 BKN021 OVC045 24/21 Q0997=• TXKF 170317Z 33026G37KT 9999 SCT014 BKN023 BKN050 OVC180 24/20

Q0997=• TXKF 170355Z 32023KT 9999 SCT015 BKN023 BKN041 BKN300 24/20 Q0997 /=• TXKF 170455Z 31021KT 9999 SCT017 BKN028 BKN040 BKN300 24/21 Q0999=• TXKF 170531Z 30024KT 9999 SCT018 BKN040 BKN300 25/20 Q1000• TXKF 170555Z 30022KT 9999 SCT020 BKN034 BKN300 25/20 Q1000• TXKF 170655Z 28019KT 9999 SCT023 BKN032 BKN300 25/20 Q1001

Bermuda- Observations

• TXKF 170655Z 28019KT 9999 SCT023 BKN032 BKN300 25/20 Q1001 /=

• TXKF 170755Z 28018KT 9999 FEW023 SCT032 BKN300 25/19 Q1003

• TXKF 170855Z 28020KT 9999 SCT022 SCT036 SCT300 26/21 Q1004

• TXKF 170955Z 29021KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 BKN080 25/21 Q1005

• TXKF 171055Z 30021KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 SCT036 BKN080 25/21 Q1006=

• TXKF 171155Z 29017KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 SCT036 SCT080 25/20 Q1008=

Bermuda- Observations

• Synoptic Reports

Bermuda – Upper Air Pattern

Bermuda Radar

Bermuda Satellite

Bermuda – Satellite

Bermuda –IR

Bermuda –Guidance

Verification

Career Path Scores

Up Close and Personal

Lessons Learned: Bermuda

• Temperatures reach a minimum in the Tropics when it rains hard.

• Conditions improve rapidly after a TC moves by.

• Thunderstorms are less frequent on the northwest quadrant of an accelerating TC