LEED 2012 COMMISSIONING Presented by H. Jay Enck.

LEED 2012COMMISSIONINGPresented by H. Jay Enck

“Some Buildings Not Living Up to Green Label”

CHANGE• New Construction projects registered after June

26, 2007 are required to meet a mandatory minimum of two points (14% New/7% Existing) in order to achieve certification.

• LEED 2009 begins to assess project performance compliance with LEED Green Building Rating System requirements. – Project owners authorize GBCI to access and

review their project’s Energy and Water Usage Data for minimum 5 years after occupancy.

ISSUE• Why buildings are not living up to promise

– Energy model and water usage predictions– Incorrect installation/programming– Operator error– No feedback loop to owner and operational team

OVERVIEW• USGBC Structure• The affect of USGBC on Commissioning• Changes to LEED 2012

– Structure– New requirements

• Additional Prerequisites• Changes to Fundamental and Enhanced Commissioning

“Buildings and communities will regenerate and sustain the health and vitality of all life within a generation.”

USGBC VISION 2009-2013

“To transform the way buildings and communities are designed, built and operated, enabling an environmentally and socially responsible, healthy, and prosperous environment that improves the quality of life.”

USGBC MISSION 2009-2013

• Internationally recognized green building certification system

– Created a paradigm market shift to sustainable principles

– Increased awareness of building commissioning– Made minimum commissioning requirements a

prerequisite for LEED Certification

LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

• January 19th 2011 - First Public Review– 5000 comments received

• USGBC Staff consolidates comments • Send comments to credit guardians for consideration• Guardians revise credit requirements as appropriate• LEED 2012 revision finalized• Recommendations go through technical committee to

steering committee• Steering committee tweaks language and finalizes rating

system for executive committee to approve

• July 2011 – Second Public Review

LEED 2012 PUBLIC REVIEWS

• LEED 2012 currently includes an annual report card for all LEED-certified buildings– Statement of their energy consumption– Those that meet energy-saving marks will get an

updated plaque for that year– Those that don’t won’t get their plaques revoked– People will start to understand that a 2002 plaque

would mean something a lot different from a 2010 plaque

CHANGE IN LEED 2012

LEED 2012

• Existing Categories– Sustainable Sites– Water Efficiency– Energy and Atmosphere– Materials and

Resources– Indoor Environmental

Quality– Innovation in Design– Regional Priorities

• New Categories– Integrated Process– Location and

Transportation– Performance

• Performance Credits– Prerequisites

• Water Metering and Reporting• Building-Level Energy Metering• Fundamental Commissioning and Verification

– Credits• Enhanced Commissioning• Water Metering and Reporting• Advanced Energy Metering• Reconciled Projected and Actual Energy Performance

LEED 2012

• Intent– “To verify that the project’s energy, water, and

indoor air quality related systems and the exterior envelope assemblies and systems are designed, installed, and calibrated to perform according to the owner’s project requirements, basis of design, and construction documents”

FUNDAMENTAL COMMISSIONING

• Requirements– Apply only to systems included within the project’s

scope of work– Commissioning process must be incorporated into

pre-design, design, construction, and first year of occupancy of the project

– The process must verify that the project, its components, assemblies and systems comply with the documented owner’s project requirements


• Requirements– The Owner or Owner’s representative must

complete the following:• Document and/or approve the OPR, which meets the

requirements of Section 5.2.2.4 of ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005

• Alternatively, the Owner may designate a commissioning authority (CxA) to develop and update the OPR


• 5.2.2.1 The Owner’s Project Requirements form the basis from which all design, construction, acceptance, and operational decisions are made.

GUIDELINE 0 - SECTION 5.2.2

• Each item of the Owner’s Project Requirements shall have defined performance and acceptance criteria.

• Those that can be benchmarked should have the benchmark defined in specific terms and the means of measurement defined.


• 5.2.2.4 The Owner’s Project Requirements should include the following:

– Project schedule and budget.– Commissioning Process scope and budget.– Project documentation requirements, including format

for submittals, training materials, reports, and the Systems Manual. Consideration should be given to use of electronic format documents and records where appropriate.

– Owner directives.



– Restrictions and limitations.– User requirements.– Occupancy requirements and schedules.– Training requirements for Owner’s personnel.– Warranty requirements.– Benchmarking requirements.



– Operation and maintenance criteria for the facility that reflect the Owner’s expectations and capabilities and the realities of the facility type.

– Equipment and system maintainability expectations, including limitations of operating and maintenance personnel.

– Quality requirements for materials and construction.– Allowable tolerance in facility system operations.



– Energy efficiency goals.– Environmental and sustainability goals.– Community requirements.– Adaptability for future facility changes and expansion.– Systems integration requirements, especially across

disciplines.



– Health, hygiene, and indoor environment requirements.– Acoustical requirements.– Vibration requirements.– Seismic requirements.– Accessibility requirements.– Security requirements.– Communication requirements


• Requirements– The Owner or Owner’s representative must

complete the following:• The CxA must be designated and involved prior to or

immediately after completion of conceptual design• The CxA must be designated and involved prior to or

immediately after completion of design development.


ACHIEVING LEED

Increasing Cost Decreasing Influence

Source: Adapted from Quality in the Constructed Project, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1988.

• Project design is established by end of SD:– Form, orientation, floor to floor heights, system

types

Design Construction Operation

Cost ofAction/Solution

100%

0.0%

Schematic Design

Level ofInfluence

CONTROLLING LEED DESIGN COSTS

Increasing Cost Decreasing Influence

Source: Adapted from Quality in the Constructed Project, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1988.

• By end of design development most opportunities to change are gone.

Design Construction Operation

Cost ofAction/Solution

100%

0.0%

Schematic DesignDesign Development

Level ofInfluence

• Pre-Design Activities– Owner’s Project Requirements– Identifying Commissioning Scope & Budget– Design Phase Commissioning Plan– Acceptance of Pre-Design Cx Process

Activities– Review Lessons Learned from Previous

Projects

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 0 - 2005

• Potentially– More cost to the owner

• Change orders for participation in Cx process• Redesign costs

– More work for the project team for same compensation

– Lost opportunities• Integration of sustainable principles• Implementation of integrated design

COMMISSIONING OUT OF SEQUENCE

• Requirements– Must have documented commissioning authority

experience in implementing the commissioning process with at least two (2) building projects.

• Documented CxA experience must include pre-design, or early design phase involvement through at least 10 months of occupancy.

• Data Centers Requirements– Be a commissioning provider with documented

commissioning authority specialization in the commissioning of critical components;

WHO CAN COMMISSIONING

• Requirements– Must be independent of the project design and

construction management activities– For projects smaller than 20,000 gross square feet,

the CxA may be a qualified employee of the design or construction team (i.e., not an independent consultant)

– For projects 20,000 gross square feet or larger, the CxA must be independent consultant who is not part of the project’s design team, employed by the project’s construction management firm or sister company.

– The CxA may be a qualified employee of the owner

WHO CAN COMMISSIONING

• Basis of Design– Develop the Basis of Design in accordance with the

OPR and the requirements of Section 6.2.2 in ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005;

DESIGN TEAM DELIVERABLES

• 6.2.2 Basis of Design Documentation– 6.2.2.1 The Basis of Design, developed and updated

throughout the Design Phase, is required with each design submission and should include the following:

• System and assembly options• System and assembly selection reasoning.• Facility, system, and assembly performance assumptions:

– Assumptions for calculations/sizing.– Analytical procedures and tools.– Environmental conditions.– Limiting conditions.– Reference make and model.– Operational assumptions.


• 6.2.2 Basis of Design Documentation– 6.2.2.1 The Basis of Design should include the

following:• Narrative system and assembly descriptions.• Codes, standards, guidelines, regulations, and other

references.• Owner guidelines and directives.• Specific descriptions of systems and assemblies.• Consultant, engineering, and architectural guidelines for

design developed by the design team or others


• Participate in commissioning meetings

• Work with the CxA to incorporate commissioning requirements into construction documents

DESIGN TEAM PARTICIPATION

• Review the design development and OPR at the design development stage

• Provide support in developing the

commissioning requirements for construction documents based on Guideline 0 Sections

– 5 “pre-design”– 6 “Design”– 7 “Construction”

• Develop and implement the commissioning plan

COMMISSIONING AUTHORITY MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

• With assistance from the project team, develop and incorporate commissioning requirements into construction documents prior to bid or when formal construction is scheduled for non-bid projects

• Review the 95% or final contract design drawings and specifications prior to permitting or the bid submittal of all commissioned systems and assemblies


• Review construction documents to verify: – Maintenance access – Relevant sensor locations – The proper documentation of devices and control

sequences – That envelope thermal and moisture control details

are shown – The inclusion of commissioning tests, meetings and

methods – Inclusion of clearly stated training requirements


• Report results, findings and recommendations directly to the owner

• Form and lead the commissioning process team• Conduct regularly scheduled commissioning

process team meetings• Maintain an issues/benefit log for the

commissioning process


• Develop and distribute commissioning related construction checklists for required pieces of equipment, systems and assemblies

• Develop and distribute acceptance testing procedures for required pieces of equipment, systems and assemblies

• Verify construction checklists against contractor installation, prior to acceptance testing of the systems to be commissioned;


• Witness and document acceptance tests. – For each acceptance test, complete test

form and include a signatures for the parties who has performed and witnessed the test.

• Seasonally dependent system operations that cannot be fully commissioned in accordance with the commissioning plan at time of occupancy must be commissioned at the earliest time after occupancy, when the operation of systems is allowed to be fully demonstrated as determined by CxA


• Review and include the following tasks in the final commissioning process report: – A water vapor transmission analysis of

all exterior envelope types used in the building

– Confirm building envelope materials and their installation are in compliance with the contract documents


• Building Envelope– Chapter 25 “Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in

Building Assemblies – Fundamentals”– Chapter 26 “Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in

Building Assemblies – Material Properties”– Chapter 27 “Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in

Building Assemblies – Examples”

ASHRAE 2009 FUNDAMENTALS

• Chapter 25 “Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assemblies – Fundamentals”– Hydrothermal loads acting on building

envelope


• Chapter 25 “Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assemblies – Fundamentals”– Hydrothermal loads

acting on building envelope


ASHRAE 2009 Handbook of Fundamentals

• Chapter 25 “Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assemblies – Fundamentals”

– Hydrothermal loads acting on building envelope• Ambient Thermal Humidity• Solar Radiation• Exterior Condensation• Wind-Driven Rain• Construction Moisture• Ground and Surface Water• Air Pressure Differentials



– Heat transfer• Steady-State Thermal Response• Thermal Resistance of a Flat Assembly• Combined Convective and Radiative Surface Transfer• Heat Flow Across an Air Space• Total Thermal Resistance of a Flat Building Assembly• Thermal Transmittance of a Flat Building Assembly• Thermal Bridging and Whole-Assembly Thermal Transmittance• Transient Thermal Response



– Airflow• Water Vapor Flow by Air Movement• Heat Flux with Airflow

– Moisture Transfer• Moisture Storage in Building Materials• Moisture Flow Mechanisms

– Water Vapor Flow by Diffusion– Water Flow by Capillary Suction– Liquid Flow at Low Moisture Content– Transient Moisture Flow



– Moisture Transfer


ASHRAE 2009 Handbook of Fundamentals


– Combined Heat, Air, And Moisture Transfer• Consequences of combined heat, air, and moisture transfer can

be detrimental to a building’s thermal performance, occupant comfort, and indoor air quality.

• High moisture levels in building materials may also have a negative effect on the thermal performance of the building envelope.

• It is advisable to analyze the combined heat, air, and moisture transfer through building assemblies.


1988-CARIBBEAN BEACH RESORT WALT DISNEY WORLD

• 2112 rooms• $5.5 M Problems

Before Opening Day (HVAC & Envelope)

1991-OMNI HOTEL CHARLESTON, S.C.

• HVAC/Envelope Problems Occurred Immediately After Opening

• $10+ M Fix

1993-MARTIN COUNTY COURTHOUSE STUART, FL

• Building problems led to evacuation

• $15+ M in repairs (original cost = $11M)

1997-MARRIOTT HOTEL KANSAS CITY

• Problems began during first summer’s operation

• $2 M Repairs

1995-HALE KOA HOTELHONOLULU HAWAII

• Moisture & mildew problems started immediately after opening

• $6.5 M HVAC fix

COMMON THEMES•In every case the buildings were T&B-

without finding (or correcting) problems

•In every case the problems could have been predicted in the design stage.

•In every case the changes needed to prevent these failures would not have cost more money or added to the schedule

•In every case building commissioning would have prevented these problems.

Wall System Dynamics

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Perms - 5 37.5 34.3 1.6 0.7 2.5 2.5

Temperature

• Location of the primary Location of the primary vapor retarder vapor retarder

• Location of the first Location of the first plane of condensationplane of condensation

Primary Vapor Retarder

Dew Point

72 F20% RHDP~29 F

0 F

VAPOR TRANSMISSION PROBLEM

An existing building is being remodeled for use in the Atlanta, GA area. The exterior wall structure is as follows (from outside to inside):

– 4” Brick Masonry– 2” Air Gap– 1/2” Dens Glass– 6” Metal Studs– 6” CMU– 3.5” Metal Studs w/ R-13 Batt Insulation w/ foil facing– 5/8” Gypsum Wall Board

Using vapor transmission analysis, determine if condensation in this wall structure would be a concern in the summer months.

COMMON MATERIALS

Material R-Value Permeance4” Brick 0.44 0.8

6” CMU 1.34 2.4

6” Metal Stud 1.125 20

3.5” Metal Stud 0.69 20

3.5” Metal Stud w/ Batt 6.00 20

5/8” Dens Glass 0.56 23

Gypsum Wall Board 0.56 50

2” Air Gap 1 60

3.5” Batt Insulation 13 Negligible

FSK foil facing Negligible 0.02

Exterior Air Film 0.17 Negligible

Interior Air Film 0.68 Negligible

SIMPLIFIED HYGROTHERMALDESIGN CALCULATIONS

AND ANALYSES

SURFACE HUMIDITY AND CONDENSATION

SAMPLE VAPOR TRANSMISSION GRAPH

Summer Conditions

VAPOR TRANSMISSION WORKSHEET

VAPOR TRANSMISSION GRAPH

Summer Conditions

WALL VAPOR TRANSMISSION PROFILES

E111999005ATL\sc 108.FH8

Finished WoodStrips OverCloth Finish

1.5” Air Spa ce

100

90

80

70

60

50

Surface Temperature

Dew Po in t

100

90

80

70

60

50

Insid e A ir Fi lm

1/2” Gyp sum Wall Bo ard

1 ” Polystyre ne Insu latio n

C eme ntitiou s Wate r Pro of Coa ting

8” C MU Outsid e Air Fi lm

WALL VAPOR TRANSMISSION PROFILESInside Air Film

E 111999005A TL\sc 107.FH8

100

90

80

70

60

50

1/2” Gypsum Wall Board

1” Polystyrene InsulationCementitious Water Proof Coating

8” CMU

100

90

80

70

60

50

Surface Temperature

Vinyl

Outs ide Air Film

Condensationin Wall

Dew Point

• Prepare the final commissioning process report • Provide a Systems Manual as defined by

ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005, Section 6.2.6.4.A


• Section 6.2.6.4.A– The following should be included in the Systems

Manual (see Annex O for an example format):• Index of Systems Manual with notation as to

content storage location if not in actual manual.

• Executive Summary.• Owner’s Project Requirements.• Basis of Design documents.• Construction Record Documents, specifications,

and approved submittals.

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 0-2005

• Section 6.2.6.4.A– The following should be included in the Systems

Manual (see Annex O for an example format):• A list of recommended operational record-keeping

procedures, including sample forms, logs, or other means, and a rationale for each.

• Ongoing optimization guidance.• Operations and maintenance manuals (includes

operating procedures for all normal, abnormal, and emergency modes of operation; maintenance procedures; parts and recommended spare parts list; troubleshooting guide; and systems schematics (one-line diagrams).

• Training materials.• Commissioning Process Report

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 0-2005

CX TEAM MUST DEMONSTRATE• That the ventilation equipment and system meet

the design minimum indoor air quality for mechanically ventilated spaces and naturally ventilated spaces; Verification must be performed by:

– Review of contractor submittals for ventilation equipment during construction

– Review of testing and balance reports– Independent airflow measurements of at least

20% of outdoor air sources– Does a LEED Score Card meet the OPR

requirement?

CX TEAM MUST DEMONSTRATE• That water using fixtures and appliances meet the

design minimum water usage requirements; Verification must be performed by:

– Review of contractor submittals for applicable water using fixtures and equipment

– Evaluation of water usage or re-usage systems included (e.g. stormwater, refrigeration equipment condensate, rainwater) or gray water usage.

– Independent measurements of at least 10% of water using fixtures or equipment?

CX TEAM MUST DEMONSTRATE

• If there are substantial variations or failure to meet the minimum ventilation or water usage design requirements, corrective action must be taken by the owner or contractor until the requirements achieve verification testing

• The construction team is responsible for the following:

– Verifying the installation and performance of the systems to be commissioned, including completion of the construction checklist

CONSTRUCTION TEAM RESPONSIBILITY


– Verifying the installation and performance of the systems to be commissioned and validated at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load points; to ensure energy efficiency performance meets the design criteria

– Verify the measurement calculation of Power Use Effectiveness (PUE) at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% design load conditions carried out for EA Prerequisite 1.

DATA CENTERCONSTRUCTION TEAM RESPONSIBILITY


– Validate critical equipment's are tested in normal and failure modes.

– At the completion of commissioning and validation, the CxA must provide the owner with written comments where systems operating conditions were found to be different than designed or documented in the manuals.



– Developing a construction quality implementation plan per the contract documents;

– Including subcontractors in commissioning process team meetings;

– Forming the required teams for appropriate tests included in the specifications;

– Verifying the completion of the construction checklist.


• Commissioning process activities must be completed for the following energy-related and exterior envelope systems and assemblies (Core and shell projects: only include systems within their scope of work), at a minimum:– Same as Fundamental Commissioning

COMMISSIONED SYSTEMS

• Commissioning process activities must be completed at a minimum:

– Building Systems – Computer room systems (in all buildings)– Electrical power transformation and distribution

systems– Cooling units for the computer and data

processing rooms

COMMISSIONED SYSTEMS DATA CENTER

• Implement, or have a contract in place to implement in addition to the requirements of PF Prerequisite: Fundamental Commissioning and Verification.

• The CxA must have The Owner or Owner’s Representative must select an individual to serve as the commissioning authority (CxA) who meets the following requirements:

ENHANCED COMMISSIONING

• The CxA must have the following requirements:– Be a commissioning provider (same as

fundamental commissioning) plus - at least one must have a minimum of 40% of the commissioning scope of the current project.

– Be independent of the work of project design and construction management activities.

ENHANCED COMMISSIONING CxA

• The CxA must have the following requirements:– Be an independent consultant who is not an

employee of the project’s design or construction management firm or sister company, and has the required experience.

– The CxA may be contracted through the designer or construction manager not holding construction contracts related to the project. It is recommended that the CxA be contracted directly with the owner.


• The CxA must have the following requirements:– The CxA may be a qualified employee of the owner. – The CxA must report results, findings and

recommendations directly to the owner.


• The design team must provide an analysis of building moisture and water vapor transmission into and through the building envelope sections and at interface of different sections per the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 160-2009 or equivalent computer simulation by a recognized industrial program. This analysis must be reviewed by the CxA or the commissioning team and include this information in the final commissioning process report.

ENHANCED CX DESIGN TEAM RESPONSIBILITIES

• The CxA must fulfill the requirements of PF Prerequisite “Fundamental Commissioning”

• Develop an enhanced commissioning process and implementation plan starting at pre-design

• Develop design phase checklists for commissioning activities and for the design team submittals of partial design and the delivered construction documents

ENHANCED COMMISSIONING CxA RESPONSIBILITIES

DESIGN CHECKLISTS

Plumbing

• For project less than 20,000 sq. feet the CxA must conduct– one (1) commissioning verification review of the

OPR, basis of design, and design documents prior to mid-construction documents development and back-check the review comments in all subsequent design submissions, including an additional full verification review at 95% completion of the design documents and basis of design.


• For project over 20,000 sq. feet the CxA must conduct– Three (3) verification reviews of the basis of design– One (1) verification review of design documents

prior to the start of design development– One (1) verification review of design documents

prior to mid-construction documents– One (1) final verification review of 100% complete

design documents verifying achievement of OPR and adjudication of previous review comments.


• Track all commissioning process issues and activities

• Estimate the economic value or descriptive value to the owner for all commissioning process issues

• Review contractor submittals for commissioned systems and assemblies for compliance with the OPR and basis of design.

– This review must be concurrent with the review of the architect or engineer of record and the review report submitted to both the design team and the owner.


• Verify that requirements for training operating personnel and building occupants have been completed.

• Review the operation of the building with operations and maintenance (O&M) staff and occupants within 10 months after substantial completion. Have a plan for resolving outstanding commissioning-related issues must be included.


• Develop, direct and document acceptance testing of the building envelope for moisture intrusion. – For extensive existing building renovations,

where the existing building envelope is to remain and no previous evidence of moisture intrusion is observed, acceptance testing of existing building envelope is not required.


• Develop, in coordination with building operating staff, a lifetime on-going or monitoring based commissioning

– In accordance with ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005• Section 8.2.4.1 On-going training• Section 8.2.5.1 Cx Reports on activates taken• Section 8.2.6.1 Revise Current Facility Requirements (CFR) and

Systems Manual as changes occur • Section 8.2.7 Provide periodic verification of system, assembly,• and component condition and operation• Section 8.2.8 Maintain CFR, BOD, System Manual, Training


• And: – Sustain the energy, water, and envelope quality

and performance levels achieved at the end of the 10-months occupancy period

– Enhance the energy, water, and envelope quality and performance for the life of the building,

– Provide requirements for re-commissioning


• And: – Annually evaluates the current facility

requirements and a means to address changing activities or use of the facility

– Adopts and implements policy and procedures for application of the commissioning process over the life of the building including minor and major modifications to building interior, exterior, mechanical, electrical, life safety and process related systems


• Subterranean water proofing and penetrations • Exterior wall assemblies and fenestration

systems • Above grade penetration • Stormwater control and removal systems • Associated pumping systems, if applicable

ADDITIONAL SYSTEMS TO BE COMMISSIONED

Integrated System Approach

ELECTRICAL Lighting & Power Energy

Consumption Fire & Life Safety

PLUMBING SYSTEM Storm Water Water & Sewer Water Efficiency

STRUCTURAL Wind & Seismic

Loads Flexibility Floor Load

BUILDING ENVELOPE Weather

Barriers Air Barriers Vapor Retarders Fenestration

HVAC SYSTEM Proper Selection

& Sizing Sufficient Run

Time Adequate

Pressurization & Ventilation

Quality Results

http://www.roundrockisd.org/adminservices/images/HVAC.jpg

QUESTIONS

H. Jay [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.cxgbs.com/

LEED 2012 COMMISSIONING Presented by H. Jay Enck.

Documents

Transcript of LEED 2012 COMMISSIONING Presented by H. Jay Enck.