Latrine Production and Installation Training Sanitation ......2. Always use pre-tests and...
Transcript of Latrine Production and Installation Training Sanitation ......2. Always use pre-tests and...
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LatrineProduction
andInstallationTraining
SanitationMarketingToolkit
Facilitator’sGuide
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CONTENTSFACILITATIONGUIDELINES
LearningGoalsandObjectives ..................................................................................................... 1
TrainingPhilosophy ...................................................................................................................... 1KeyPointsWorthRepeating......................................................................................................... 3Timing ........................................................................................................................................... 3
CreatingaSenseofTrustandEase............................................................................................... 4AssigninganActivity ..................................................................................................................... 4CheckingforComprehension ....................................................................................................... 4
DebriefingActivities ..................................................................................................................... 5RespondingtoParticipantQuestions ........................................................................................... 5IntroducingtheTraining ............................................................................................................... 6
ClosingtheTraining ...................................................................................................................... 9
PREPARINGFORTRAINING
TheTrainingLocation ................................................................................................................. 12
NecessaryMaterials ................................................................................................................... 13OptionalbutRecommendedMaterials ...................................................................................... 13TrainingPreparation................................................................................................................... 14
TrainingBudget .......................................................................................................................... 14TrainingAgenda.......................................................................................................................... 15
TRAININGMODULES
MouldsandToolsNeededforProduction ................................................................................. 18ProceduresforConcreteRingProduction .................................................................................. 19ProceduresforConcreteSlabProduction .................................................................................. 21
FinalizingRingProduction .......................................................................................................... 23RemoveSlabMouldandPlaceTiles ........................................................................................... 24LatrineDelivery .......................................................................................................................... 25
LatrineInstallation...................................................................................................................... 26
ANNEXES
A.Pre-Test&Post-Test.................................................................................................................. i
B.ReturnonInvestmentCalculator .............................................................................................iiiC.MonthlyReports........................................................................................................................vD.QualityAssuranceAudits .........................................................................................................vi
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E.BudgetTemplate ......................................................................................................................ixF.LatrineProductionChecklist .....................................................................................................xi
FacilitationGuidelines
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LEARNINGGOALSLEARNINGGOALS
Participantswilllearnhowtoproduceahighquality,desirablepour-flushlatrinethatdeliversmaximumhealthbenefits,durability,andattractivenessatanaffordableprice.
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES
BytrainingsanitationentrepreneursinthemodulesincludedinthisGuide,participantswill:
1. Beabletoproducelatrineproductsandservicesatpricesthatrespondstothedemandsofthemarket
2. Deliverthelatrineproductsinawaythatpreventsdamage3. Installlatrineproductsinawaythatpreventsdamageandgroundwatercontamination
TRAININGPHILOSOPHYThelearningactivitiesinthistrainingaredesignedtobehands-on,withtheaimofallowing“learningbydoing”byparticipantstosetthemupforsuccessfullearning.Asnewbusinessesareoftenrecruitedoneat a time in SanMark implementation, this training has been designed to be implemented withparticipantsfromasinglebusiness.Thetraininghasalsobeendesignedtotakeplace“on-site”attheirplaceofbusinesstomaximizetrainingtimeeffectivelyandefficiently,andtoensurethatthetrainingisrelevantforthebusinessowner.Thetrainingwilltakeplaceinshortsessionsoverthreedaystorespectparticipants’ timewith the understanding that they are trying to run a business.Business owners, aswell as any laborers that will participate in the production, delivery, and installation of pour-flushlatrinesshouldtakepartinthistraining.
Training facilitators should guide participants through the activities, acting as coaches while theparticipantsdoallofthehands-onwork.Inordertoincreasetheprobabilitythattheparticipantswillbemotivatedtolearntheinformation,newinformationisgiveninsmalldosesandbuy-inisaccomplishedbybuildinguponwhattheyalreadyknowfromtheirpersonalexperiences.
Sincethereisagoodpossibilitythattheparticipantsalreadyhavesomeoftheinformation,thefocusofthelearningactivitiesistodrawtheinformationfromthem,withadditionalenhancementsmadebythe
facilitatorasneeded.Thismayincludepromptingthemwithquestionsthatwillhelpthemdiscoverthecorrectorcompleteanswer.Or, itmayinvolvehavingthemreviewreferencepages intheManual fortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrinestotrytodiscovertheanswersthemselves.
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ADULTLEARNINGTHEORY
Whenfacilitatingthistraining, it is importanttoremembertheaudience.Traineeswillbeadults, likelywithyearsofprofessionalexperienceinbusinessmanagementandownership.Theywillhavealifetime
ofpersonalexperiencesbehindthemthatwillinformhowtheyevaluate,retain,andusetheinformationprovidedtothemintraining.
Adult learning theory is based on this understanding—that adults learn differently than children andadolescents.Itisbasedonseveralprinciplesthatcanbeappliedtothewaythistrainingisconducted:
1. Adultsareindependentlearners.Application:Encourageactiveparticipationand incorporate this into the trainingdesign.Buildontheparticipants’ownexperiencesbyfrequentlyaskingforinputandsharing.
2. Adultsareself-directed.Application:Useexploratoryexercisesthatallowparticipantstodiscovertheirownanswers.Ask
questionsfrequentlytoencourageactivethinking,problemsolvinganddecisionmaking.
3. Adultslearnfornow.Application:Teachonlyrelevantskillsthatapplydirectlytotheparticipantsandthatparticipantscan begin using immediately. Make objectives clear at the beginning to communicate the
relevanceofthetraining.
4. Adultslearnfromtrainersandfromothers.Application:Use participatory activities and draw on participants’ experiences, to encouragelearningfromeachotherandsharingideas.
5. Adultsfearfailure.Application: Create a safe environment where participants feel free to express themselveswithoutriskingcriticism.
6. Adultsquestiontheneedtolearn.Application: Teachonly relevant skills and allowparticipants to apply their new skills throughrole-playingandpracticalexperience.
7. Adultslearnbylisteningtoothersandalsosharingtheirownknowledge.Application:Useparticipatoryactivitiesandbuildonparticipants’experiences.Forexample,ask
participantstoprovideexampleswhenexplanationisneeded,insteadofprovidinghypotheticalexamples.
8. Adultshavevariedexperiences.Application:Linknewknowledgetooldknowledgeandbuildonlearners’experiences.
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KEYPOINTSWORTHREPEATING1. Training is for thebenefit of theparticipant. It is intended tobuild the skills needed tomeet
theirmaximumpotentialasalatrinebusiness.Givingfullparticipationandeffortcanhelpthemearnmoremoneyandexpandtheirbusiness.
2. TheManual for the Production and Installation of Pour-Flush Latrines contains all of theinformationandtoolsusedduringthetraining.Participantsareexpectedtousethemregularlyinthestrategicplanninganddailyoperationsoftheirbusiness.
3. Wordofmouth is themost important formof advertisement.Happy customerswill tell theirfriendsandyouwillgetmorebusiness.Unhappycustomerswill telleveryoneandyouwillgetnobusiness!
4. Nomatterhowwellyouproduceyourlatrineproduct,ifyoudon’tmanagethebusinesssideofthings well, you will not succeed. You need a good product, good customer service, goodrecordkeeping, affordable prices, an active sales and marketing team, and good businessmanagement skills to reach your highest potential. Refer to the Business Skills for LatrineEntrepreneurs, Participant’s Manual and the Latrine Entrepreneur Operations Manual formoreguidanceandinformationonthis.
TIMINGAlthoughtimesgiveninthefollowingtrainingmodulesandagenda,youshouldnotallowtimespentononesessiontorunoverintothetimeallottedforthenextsession.Butfacilitatorswilldeveloptheirownflow, and timesmay vary slightly, especially when it comes to drying time for concrete in the rainyseasonversusthedryseason.However,makesurethatallactivitiesarecompletedbytheparticipants.
1. Timingthroughoutthedayisverycritical.Wearawatchsothatyoucankeeptrackofyourtime.
2. Eachsectionofthetraininghasaspecificduration,soitwillbeveryimportanttoopenandcloseeachactivityinaccordancewiththeagenda.
3. Lunchbreaksshouldbeonehourlongandincludedintheagenda.Thelocationshouldbecloseby,andtheserviceshouldbeefficientsothatallparticipantscanbebacktothetrainingfacilitywithinonehour.
4. Ten- or fifteen-minute breaks should be given every hour, in order to keep the participantsawakeandenergized.Itmaybehotoutsidewhencompletingtheconstructionactivities,sobesuretooffercoldwaterandrefreshingdrinksduringthebreaks.
5. Make sure to tell the participants exactly when to return from their breaks.
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CREATINGASENSEOFTRUSTANDEASE1. Recognize theexpertiseof trainees. Learn fromthembyasking themto showyouaround their
businessfacilityandexplaintheirproductportfolio,equipment,labor,pricing,etc.Whatevertheywant to share. Listen and ask insightful questions to learnmore about them. Thiswill create amorecollaborativelearningenvironmentfortheparticipantsandfacilitators.
2. Askpeopleatthebreakshowthetrainingisgoing.Thiscontactencouragesindividualswhoweresilent before to have the confidence to participate openly in class discussions. This may bebecause theone-on-onecontactgives the individuals the sense that you really careabout their
satisfactionandsuccessintheprogram.
ASSIGNINGANACTIVITY1. Remembertomodelanactivity,whenpossible,beforehavingtheparticipantdoit, inorderto
setthemupforsuccess.
2. Whenassigningeitheranactivity,indicatehowlongtheyhavetocompletetheassignment.
CHECKINGFORCOMPREHENSION1. With an activity-based training like this one, it is important that you ensure participants
understandwhytheyarepracticingacertainskillormethod.Youcandothisbyaskingskilledquestionsduringthebreaksorduringanactivity(“Sowhatmakesthismixingratiobetterthanothers?Whydoyouthinkit’simportanttodigthepitatleast15metersawayfromthenearest
watersource?”).
2. Alwaysusepre-testsandpost-tests(AnnexA)toevaluatetheeffectivenessoftrainingbasedonthe learninggoals.The information shouldbeused todecidewhatkindofongoing support isneededpost-training,andtoimprovethetrainingfornexttime.
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DEBRIEFINGACTIVITIESItisimportanttogiveparticipantsanopportunitytoaskfinalquestionsandtosolidifywhattheylearnedfromactivities.Aftereachactivity,besuretofacilitateastructureddiscussionaroundtheactivityandwhattheparticipantslearned,andwhatquestionsmightremain.
RESPONDING TO PARTICIPANTQUESTIONSGiventhechoicebetweenparticipantswhoneveraskanyquestionsandparticipantswhoaska lotofquestions,thelatterisbetter.Thefactthattheyhavequestionsindicatesthattheyarehighlyinterested
inthetopic—andthat’sagoodthing!
1. Whenparticipantsaskaquestion,givethemtheopportunitytoanswerthequestionthemselves.Theyaremuchmorelikelytoremembertheanswerwhentheyworkitoutthemselves.Givethempromptstohelpthemfindtheansweriftheyarestruggling.
2. Remember to summarize and/or validate the correct answer after receiving the answer from
anotherparticipant.Ifyoudon'tprovideasummaryorvalidation,itmaygivetheappearancethatyouaredeferringthequestionbecauseyoudon'tknowtheanswer--ratherthanbecauseit isanexcellenttrainingtechnique.
3. Theremaybetimeswhenyouhaveasensethatthequestioneralreadyhasananswerforhisor
herownquestion. Inthatcase,askwhatthequestionerthinks.Thiscanprovidegoodvalidationfortheparticipant.
HowtoUsePre-TestsandPost-Tests
Distributepre-testtoparticipants.
Explainthepurposeofthepre-testandtheamountoftimetheyhavetocompletethetest.Ensurethattheparticipantsworkindependentlyonthistest.
Collectthetestoncetheyarecompletedandkeeptheminasafeplacetocomparewithpost-testsat
theendofthetraining.
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4. Donotfeelthatyoumustansweraquestiontothecompletesatisfactionofthequestioner.Somequestionersmayneverbesatisfied--infact,theymayintendtodistractorarguewithyou,whichcanunnecessarilytieupalotofprecioustime.
5. It is also perfectly acceptable to tell participants if you do not know the answer. This may be
especiallytrueforcomplexenvironmentalhealthandsafetyquestions,orquestionsrelatedtotheengineeringoftheproduct.Justmakesuretonotethequestiondownandpromisetoprovideanansweronceyouhavehadanopportunitytoresearchtheissue.
INTRODUCINGTHETRAININGIt’simportanttostarteverytrainingwithanintroductionthataccomplishesfourthings:
1. Explainstoparticipantswhythey’rethere.Thismayseemobvious,butsayingthisaloudmakessure that participants understand what they will get from the training (so they are moreinvestedandengaged),andsetstheexpectations(soeveryoneisonthesamepage).
2. Explainstherulesofthetraining,includingexpectationsaroundattendanceandparticipation.3. Explainshowthetrainingwillbeorganized.Thiswillhelpeveryonemanagetheirtimetogether.4. Introduce the tools trainees will be using during the training, including theManual for the
Productionand InstallationofPour-Flush Latrines.Thiswillhelpparticipantsbecomefamiliar
withthesetoolsandsavetimeintherestofthetraining.
Theintroductioncouldtakeupto30minutes,dependingonthelengthofthetrainingandthenumberoftopicscovered.
Materialsfortheintroductioninclude:
- Flipchartpaper- Markers- Tape- ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines
WHYYOU’REHERE
Leadabriefdiscussionaskingparticipantswhytheyarehere,andwhattheyexpectfromthetraining.Emphasizethatthetrainingisfortheparticipants’benefitonly.Itistogivethemtheskillstheyneedtoreachtheirmaximumpotentialasalatrinebusiness,sothattheycanearnthefollowingbenefits:
- Earnmoremoney- Developnewskills
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- Expandtheirbusiness(geographicallyandproductsoffered)- Meetminimumstandards- Helptheircommunities
RULESOFTHEROAD
Facilitate the group to come up with a list of rules for the training, ensuring that the following areincluded,inadditiontoothersaddedbytheparticipants:
- Behere100%
- Participateactively
- Beontime
- Keepyourcellphonesonsilent
- Practicesafetyandresponsibility(re:productionandinstallationpractice)
Attendance policy: Participantswho know that theywill not be able to attend the entire duration oftrainingshouldnotparticipateatall.
OBJECTIVEANDAGENDA
Postaflipchartpapersomewherevisiblewiththeobjectiveofthetrainingwrittenonit.Readitaloudanddiscusswhatthismeanswiththeparticipants.
Pointouttheagenda(samplebelow).Readthroughitandexplainhowyouwillkeeptime,andaskthe
participantstoalsohelpyoukeepontrack.
DayOne
Topic Time1 Pre-test 8:30-8:45am2 Introduction 8:45-9:15am3 MouldsandToolsNeededforLatrineProduction 9:15am-9:25am CoffeeBreak 9:25-9:35am4 ProceduresforConcreteRingProduction 9:35-10:45am CoffeeBreak 10:45-10:55pm5 ProceduresforConcreteSlabProduction 10:55-12:15pm
LunchBreak&Day1Closing 12:15pm
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DayTwo
Topic Time
1 FinalizingRingProduction 8:30-9:00am
2 RemoveSlabandMouldandPlaceTiles 9:00-10:10am
CoffeeBreak&DayTwoClosing 10:10-10:20am
DayThree
Topic Time
1 LatrineDelivery 8:30-9:40am
2 LatrineInstallation 9:40-10:50am
3 ClosingofTraining 10:50am
MANUALFORTHEPRODUCTIONANDINSTALLATIONOFPOUR-FLUSHLATRINES
IntroducetraineestotheManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines.
Explain that the manual contains all of the information you will learn during the training. Giveparticipantsafewminutestoexplorethemanualandgetfamiliarwithitscontents.
The trainees will keep this after the training so that they can use it as a reference in their dailyoperations.
ReviewingMaterial
Givingareviewofmaterialpreviouslylearnedmayalsobeappropriateinanintroduction,especiallyif
thematerialwillbebuiltonduringthetraining.Forexample,theintroductionontheseconddayofatrainingmayincludeactivitiesordiscussionsofwhatwaslearnedondayone.Trainersshouldreferencepreviously learnedmaterial—even if it was learned in a training given severalmonths ago—to help
reinforcethematerialinthemindsoftheparticipants.
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CLOSINGTHETRAININGGivingaproperclosingattheendofeachdayorsessionoftrainingisequallyasimportantasaproperintroduction. It gives trainees closure, helps to reinforce key points, and lets trainees know what is
expectedofthemafterthetraining.
Agoodclosingincludesthefollowingcomponents:
1. Anopportunity for trainees togivevaluable feedbackon the training,and for trainers togivefeedbackonhowthetraineesperformedduringthetraining.
2. Motivationtousetheskillslearned,andtocontinuegrowingtheirbusinesses.ShowthemhowtheseskillswillbenefittheirbusinessesusingtheROICalculator(AnnexB). Thiscomponentismostappropriateonthefinaldayoftraining.
3. Areviewofkeypointstoensurethattheyarefreshinthetrainees’mindswhentheyleave.4. A review of any difficult material one more time, and an opportunity for trainees to ask
questionsaboutanythingthattheydidn’tunderstandorwanttoclarify.5. Discussionof next steps. Thiswill includemonitoring and followupby the traineror another
agency,andtheagendaforthenextdayoftrainingiftrainingwillcontinue.
FEEDBACK
Give feedbackon theoverallperformanceof theparticipant in the training.Coverallmainaspectsoftraining.Keepall feedbackpositive. If participantsdidnotperformwell inoneaspectof the training,remindthemofthekeypoints,andencourageparticipantstokeeppracticingtheskill.
Giveparticipantsanopportunitytogivehonestfeedbackonthetraining.Notedownanysuggestionsforimprovementonaflipcharttomakethemfeelheard.
MOTIVATION
LookattheROIcalculatorwithenterprises,usingparticipants’salesgoals.
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NEXTSTEPS
Explainthatinadditiontofieldvisitsandphonecalls,thereareacoupleofwaysthatyouwillbetrackinghowwellenterpriseownersaremeetingthestandardsthey’vebeentrainedin:
- Monthlyreports(AnnexC)
- QualityAssuranceAudits(AnnexD)
- Customerfeedback(reportedthroughsalesagentsandvillagechiefs)
ShowtheenterpriseownersthemonthlyreportsandQAAuditssothattheyunderstandhowtheywillbeassessed.
Emphasize that these tools are meant to support the enterprises in addressing any problems orweaknessessothattheymayreachtheirmaximumpotentialasalatrinebusiness.
Next steps will be for the enterprise to immediately begin using the production procedures theylearned,andtostartbuildinguptheirstock.Remindthemthattheycanfindalloftheinformationtheyneed in theManual for the Production and Installation of Pour-Flush Latrines. Walk the traineesthroughthemanualandshowthemwheretheycanfindeverything.
Training facilitators should communicate when they will call andwhen they will be back to visit theenterprise.
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PreparingforTraining
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THETRAININGLOCATIONProductionandinstallationtrainingshouldtakeplaceatthetrainee’splaceofbusiness.Thereshouldbeashadedspaceavailabletoprotecttrainees fromthesunandrain.Thisspacecanbeusedforbreaksand discussion sessions. Chairs and wall space (or a tripod where flipchart paper can be mounted)shouldbesetuptomakeitafunctionalclassroomspace.Iflargeenough,thespacecanalsobeusedforsometechnicalactivities,suchasconcretemixingorpreparingmouldsandwirestructures.Thereshouldalsobeadesignatedareafordryingconcreteringsandslabs,andforstoringstockwhenitisready.
ShadedProductionarea
Tableandchairs
Flipchart
Shadedspace
StockingArea
DryingArea UnshadedProductionArea
Driveway
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NECESSARYMATERIALS1. Pre-test/Post-test2. Flipchartpaper3. Flipchartspreparedbeforethetraining:
o Trainingobjectiveo Agenda
4. Tapetohangflipcharts5. ROICalculator6. Monthlyreport7. QAAuditandreport8. ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines(printedbacktobackand
stapledontheupperleftside)
9. AllequipmentandmaterialslistedintheLatrineProductionChecklist(AnnexF)
OPTIONALBUTRECOMMENDEDMATERIALSANDEQUIPMENT
1. Candyinbowls2. Abellorothernoisemakertosignaltimewarningsforactivitiesorcoffeebreaks
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TRAININGPREPARATION
Time Activity
2WeeksBefore Callparticipantstoconfirmthedateandtimeforthetraining
Confirmthattheparticipanthasallnecessaryequipmentfortheproduction,deliveryandinstallationoflatrines(sharetheEquipmentandRawMaterialsChecklistsotheyknowexactlywhattheyneed).
Prepareandsubmitbudgetadvancerequest
2-3DaysBefore Prepareallmaterials
Practice
Callparticipantstoremindthemofthetraining
TRAININGBUDGETCoststobeconsideredforenterprisetrainingare:
! Numberoffacilitatorsandsupportstaff! Durationoftraining! Distancetraineesandsupportstaffneedtotravel
Because the training takes place at theparticipant’s placeof business andmost of thematerials andequipmentusedaresuppliedbytheparticipant,thistrainingshouldbeverylowcost.Facilitatorsshould
not provide compensation,materials or equipment for the training. During the training, the businessownerwillbeproducingactualproductswhichtheycansellandprofitfrom.Remember,thetrainingis
fortheirbenefit!Abudgettemplate(AnnexE)canbefoundintheannexofthisdocument.
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TRAININGAGENDABelow is a sample three-day training agenda. It is designed in this way so that business owners can
attendtotheirregularbusinessdutiesduringthedayinsteadofdedicatingfulldaystothetraining.Thetimingisalsodesignedtogiveconcreteproductstimetoproperlydrybeforetransportingorremovingmoulds.
This agenda is suggested for new businesses recruited into the network as a first-time training.
However,itislikelythatrefreshertrainingswillberequiredifresultsofqualityauditsorfeedbackfromcustomerssuggeststhattheproductionqualityhasslippedbelowminimumstandards.Thenextsection(Training Modules) provides step-by-step instructions for facilitating the training. The training is
designedinmodularformsothatfacilitatorscanchoosespecificpartstofocusonforrefreshertrainingsdependingontheneedsoftheparticipants.
DayOneSession Topic Activities Time TotalTime1 Pre-test Participantscompletepre-test 15minutes 15minutes
Discussionaboutpurposeofthetraining
5minutes
Participantsandfacilitatorsmakerulesfortrainingtogether
10minutes
DevelopaSMARTobjectiveforthetrainingandexplaintheagendaforthetraining
10minutes
2 Introductions
IntroduceManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines
5minutes
30minutes
3 MouldsandToolsNeededforLatrineProduction
UsetheMaterialsChecklisttopreparematerialsandequipment
10minutes 10minutes
CoffeeBreakGathermaterials 5minutesPreparation 15minutesConstructsteelwirestructure 10minutesMixconcrete 10minutes
4 ProceduresforConcreteRingProduction
Pourconcrete 20minutes
70minutes
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Discussion 10minutes CoffeeBreak
Gathermaterials 5minutes
Preparation 40minutesConstructsteelwirestructure 10minutesDoublecheckthemould 5minutesPourconcrete 10minutes
5 ProceduresforConcreteSlabProduction
Discussion 10minutes
80minutes
LunchBreak&Day1Closing
DayTwoSession Topic Activities Time TotalTime
Removemould 20minutes1 FinalizingRingProduction Discussion 10minutes
30minutes
Removemouldandplacetiles 60minutes2 RemoveSlabandMouldandPlaceTiles
Discussion 10minutes70minutes
CoffeeBreakandDay2Closing
DayTwoSession Topic Activities Time TotalTime
Practice 60minutes1 LatrineDeliveryDiscussion 10minutes
70minutes
Practice 60minutes2 LatrineInstallationDiscussion 10minutes
70minutes
ClosingofTraining
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TrainingModules
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MOULDSANDTOOLSNEEDEDFOR
LATRINEPRODUCTION
MATERIALSCHECKLIST
ReviewtheEquipmentandRawMaterialsChecklisttogether(AnnexF).
Asktheparticipanttousethelisttomakesurethatallnecessarytoolsandequipmentarepresentandeasilyaccessible,andthattherearesufficientrawmaterialstopracticelatrineproduction.
Purpose:Toprepareallmaterialsandequipmentneededtopracticelatrineproduction.
Time:10minutes
Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines;Equipmentandrawmaterialschecklist
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PROCEDURESFORCONCRETERING
PRODUCTION
GATHERMATERIALS
UsetheManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrinestogatherallnecessarymaterialsinthecorrectquantitiestoproduce3-4rings.
Thenumberofringsproducedisimportanttoensurethatacompletelatrinecanbeinstalledattheend
oftraining.
PREPARATION
Cleanandassembletheconcreteringmould.
Putlubricantinthemouldafterithasbeencleanedandassembled.
Placethemouldonlevelground.
Purpose:Toteachbusinessownersandemployeeshowtoproperlycreateadurable,highqualityconcretering.
Time:70minutes
Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,rawmaterials,ringmould,lubricant,steelwire,trowel,concretevibratororsteelpole
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CONSTRUCTTHESTEELWIRESTRUCTURE
Steelwireisusedtoreinforceconcretepartsofthelatrine.SuperviseandguidetraineesastheyconstructthestructureaccordingtotheManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-Flush
Latrines.
MIXCONCRETE
Superviseandguidetraineesastheymixconcrete.Instructthemtouseoneoftherecommendedratioslistedinthemanual.
Usecleangravelandsand.
Usegoodqualitycement.
Usecleanwaterinthepropervolume.
POURCONCRETE
Watchforthefollowingastheconcreteispouredintotheringmould:
- Donotimpactthemouldwhilepouring- Pourintothemiddleofthemouldanduseatroweltospread- Donotpourconcretealongthesidesofthemould.- Donotpourfromagreatheight.- Waterthatwasnotmixedproperlyintotheconcretemayrisetothetop.- Useaconcretevibratororsteelpoletoevenlydispersetheconcreteinthemouldasitis
poured.- Letsitforatleast2-3hoursbeforedismantlingthemould(longerduringtherainyseason)- Recommendedtocuretheconcretebykeepingitwetfor2-3daystoensureitdoesnotbreak
duringtransportationorinstallation.
DISCUSSION
Giveparticipantstheopportunitytoaskanyquestionstheyhaveabouttheprocedures.
Lead a discussion on how these procedures differ or are similar to themethods they usually use to
produce concreteproducts.Discuss anydifferences andwhy thesemethodsmaybebetter, andhowthey can apply them to their other products to make them stronger and to use materials moreefficiently.
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PROCEDURESFORCONCRETESLABPRODUCTION
GATHERMATERIALS
AskparticipantstogatherallmaterialsneededforconcreteproductionaccordingtotheManual.
PREPARATION
Superviseandguideastraineescutandassembletheslabmould.Ensurethatitismadetothecorrectsizeandthatlubricantisappliedbeforeconcreteispoured.
CONSTRUCTSTEELWIRESTRUCTURE
Superviseandguideastraineesconstructthesteelwirestructureneededtoreinforcetheconcreteslab.
Ensure that space is designed into the structure to allow for the placement of the ceramic pan andemptyinghole(seeManual).
DOUBLECHECKTHEMOULD
Checkthatthespacereservedfortheconcretepanisthecorrectsizeandisplaceinthemiddleoftheslab.
Checkthattheholehasbeenpreparedforemptyingintheappropriateplace.
Makesurethemouldisplacedonflat,levelgroundsothattheconcretedriesevenly.
Purpose:Toteachbusinessownersandlaborershowtoproperlyproducehighquality,durableconcreteslabs.
Time:80minutes
Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,rawmaterials,slabmould,lubricant,steelwire,concrete,trowel,concretevibratororsteelpole.
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POURCONCRETE
Superviseandguideasparticipantspourtheconcrete.
Ensurethatitispouredhalfway(2cm)first,thenthesteelwirestructureshouldbeplaced,andtherestoftheconcretecanbepoured.
Instructtraineesonhowtouseaconcretevibratororsteelbartoevenlydispersetheconcreteinthe
mouldasitispoured.
Atrowelshouldbeusedtoevenlyspreadtheconcrete.
Lettheslabsitforatleast2-3hoursbeforedismantlingthemould.
DISCUSSION
Giveparticipantstheopportunitytoaskanyquestionstheymighthaveabouttheproductorprocedures.
Discusshowtheproceduresusedduringthisactivitydifferoraresimilartotheprocedurestheyusetoproducetheirotherconcreteproducts.Discussthebenefitsoftheprocedurespracticedtodayandhow
theymightbeappliedtotheirotherproducts.
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FINALIZINGRINGPRODUCTION
REMOVETHEMOULD
Supervisetraineesasthemouldisremovedfromtheconcretering.
Makesuretocheckthehardnessoftheconcretebeforedismantlingthemould.
Slowly remove the innermould first and keep the concretewet to avoid cracking. Remove theoutermouldnext.
Leavetheringinthesunforatleastonedaybeforemovingtothestockingareaortransporting.
DISCUSSION
Facilitateadiscussiononwhyitmightbebeneficialtocuretheconcreteandtoletitdryforseveraldays.
Whyisitimportanttoproducestrongrings?
Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftheringsweren’tstrongenough?(Duringinstallationanddelivery,forexample…howwoulditmakeyourcustomerfeel,andwhatwouldtheytelltheirfriendsandneighbors?)
Purpose:Topracticecarefullydismantlingtheringmouldsaftertheconcretehasdriedandhowtoensureringsdonotbreakduringtheproductionprocess.
Time:30minutes
Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines
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REMOVESLABMOULDANDPLACETILES
REMOVEMOULDANDPLACETILES
Nowthattheslabhashadtimetodrythoroughlyovernight,themouldcanberemoved.Superviseastraineescut,placeandcementtilesaccordingtotheinstructionsintheManual.Makesuretilesareneatandattractive.
DISCUSSION
Facilitateadiscussionontheproceduresfollowedinthisactivity.
Whymightitbeimportanttoplacetilesverycarefullyandneatly?Howwouldyourcustomersfeelifyoudidnotapplytilesneatlyandcleanly?Whatwouldthismeanforyourfuturesales?
Purpose:Topracticecarefullyremovingthemouldfromtheslabandcuttingandplacingtilescorrectlyandcleanly.
Time:70minutes
Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,
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LATRINEDELIVERY
PRACTICE
Observe trainees carefully loading the truck with the latrine parts produced during training (orpreviouslyproducedlatrinepartsinstock).
Deliver the latrine to designated location. This location could be a customer’s household (arrangedbefore the training takesplace); or it couldbedelivered and installed for free at a school, templeorhealthcenteraspartofamarketingactivity for theenterprise;or itcouldbe installedat theplaceofbusinessasamodellatrine.
Ensurethattraineesareusingallprecautionsnecessarytoensuretheirsafetywhenliftingandmovingthelatrineparts,andtoensurethatthelatrinedoesnotbreakduringtheprocess.
DISCUSSION
Sharefeedbackwithtraineesontheirperformanceandallowtraineestoaskanyremainingquestions.LeadadiscussiononwhyitisimportanttofollowtheproceduresintheManualondelivery,andwhateffectthiscouldhaveonyourcustomersandyourreputationasabusiness.
Purpose:Topracticecarefullydeliveringhighqualitylatrinesinawaythatreducesthechanceofbreakinganddamage.
Time:65minutes(includestraveltimetoalocationabout20minutesaway)
Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,latrineparts,truck
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LATRINEINSTALLATION
PRACTICE
Observetraineesinstallthelatrinethatwasdeliveredtotheinstallationsite.Supportasnecessary.
Ensure that trainees demonstrate an understanding of measures taken to prevent contamination ofdrinkingwaterorgroundwater:
- Makesurenowaterisseenatthebottomofthepit
- Latrineshouldbeplacedatleast15metersawayfromthenearestwell
- Infloodingareas,thegroundshouldbebuiltuparoundthelatrinesothatitishigherthanthesurroundingground.
DISCUSSION
Encourage participants to share lessons learned and challenges faced by themduring the installationprocess.Guideparticipantsinadiscussionabouthowtointeractwithcustomersduringthisinstallationprocess,andhowtohandletheirproductwithcare.
Purpose:Topracticesafeandhighqualitylatrineinstallation.
Time:70minutes
Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,latrineparts
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Annexes
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i
A. PRE-TEST&POST-TESTEnterpriseBusinessSkillsTrainingPre-test/Post-test
Question Yes NoDon’tKnow
1. Aringmouldcanberemovedonehouraftertheconcreteispoured.
2. Apersonwhocharges250,000LAKprofitperlatrinewillalwaysmakemoremoneythanthebusinesswhocharges100,000LAKprofitperlatrine.
3. Whentilesareplacedontheslab,theymustdryforsevendaysbeforetheslabismoved.
4. Youneedtosetprofitgoalsandsalesgoalsinordertoplanyourproductionwell.
5. Keepinggoodsalesrecordsisonewaytoprovidegoodcustomerservice.
6. CLTScanhelpmybusinessbycreatingdemandforlatrines.
7. Latrinesshouldbeinstalledatleast5metersawayfromtheclosestwaterwell.
8. Keepinggoodfinancialrecordscanhelpyougetaloanfromthebankinthefuture.
9. Morepeoplewouldbuylatrinesiftheycouldpayininstallments.
10. NamSaatisadepartmentofthegovernmentthatcanhelpmesucceedinmybusiness.
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AnswerKey
Question Yes NoDon’tKnow
1. Aringmouldcanberemovedonehouraftertheconcreteispoured.
CorrectAnswer:Aringmouldcanberemovedtwotothreehoursaftertheconcreteispoured.
X
2. Apersonwhocharges250,000LAKprofitperlatrinewillalwaysmakemoremoneythanthebusinesswhocharges100,000LAKprofitperlatrine.
CorrectAnswer:Usingthelowprofit,highvolumepricingstrategy,
thepersonwhomakes100,000LAKprofitperlatrinemightmakemoremoneythanthepersonwhocharges250,000LAKperlatrine.
X
3. Whentilesareplacedontheslab,theymustdryfortwodaysbeforetheslabismoved.
CorrectAnswer:Tilesmusthaveatleastsevendaystodrybeforetheslabismoved.
X
4. Youneedtosetprofitgoalsandsalesgoalsinordertoplanyourproductionwell.
X
5. Keepinggoodsalesrecordsisonewaytoprovidegoodcustomerservice.
X
6. CLTScanhelpmybusinessbycreatingdemandforlatrines. X
7. Latrinesshouldbeinstalledatleast5metersawayfromtheclosestwaterwell.
CorrectAnswer:Latrinesshouldbeinstalledatleast15metersawayfromtheclosestwaterwell.
X
8. Keepinggoodfinancialrecordscanhelpyougetaloanfromthebankinthefuture.
X
9. Morepeoplewouldbuylatrinesiftheycouldpayininstallments.
X
10. NamSaatisadepartmentofthegovernmentthatcanhelpmesucceedinmybusiness.
X
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B.RETURNONINVESTMENTCALCULATOR
EnterpriseFinancialPotential
Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Totalformonth
Presentations 2 2 2 2
Ordersperpresentation 10 10 10 10
Totalordersperweek 20 20 20 20 80
Salesagents 4 4 4 4
Enterpriseprofit100,000₭
100,000₭
100,000₭
100,000₭
Commissionavailable
8,000,000₭
8,000,000₭
8,000,000₭
8,000,000₭
32,000,000₭
Presentationsperweek 2
Ordersperpresentation 10
Salesagents 4
Enterpriseprofit 100,000
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EnterpriseFinancialPotential
Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4
Totalformonth
Presentations2 2 2 2
Ordersperpresentation
5 5 5 5
Totalordersperweek
10 10 10 10 40
Salesagents4 4 4 4
Enterpriseprofit100,000₭
100,000₭
100,000₭
100,000₭
Commissionavailable
4,000,000₭
4,000,000₭
4,000,000₭
4,000,000₭
16,000,000₭
Presentationsperweek 2
Ordersperpresentation 5
Salesagents 4
Enterpriseprofit 100,000
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C.MONTHLYREPORTS
Monthly Sales Report
Enterprise Name:
District:
Date:
1 2 3=(1+2) 4 5 6=(4-7)
7=(4-6) 8=(3-4-5) 9 10
Lateine Type Number of Orders from last month
not yet delivered
New orders in this month
Total Orders (Last month + This month)
Delivered this month Canceled
Total paid full
Total unpaid full
Remaining orders to be
delivered next month
Current stock No. of
sale agents
4 ring With tile
3 ring
4 ring Without tile
3 ring
Reported by:
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D.QUALITYASSURANCEAUDIT
Quality Assurance Quarterly Audit
I Concrete Rings (3 x 40 x 80 cm)
Yes No
1 Produced ring by good mold
2 Use steel bar (6mm) for reinforcement of concrete rings
3 Use good quality cement (not expired, used for construction only, stored in clean, dry place)
4 Gravel or stones scale max 10mm
5 Use clean sand
6 Mix concrete using one of the recommended ratios in latrine production manual
II
Concrete Slabs ( 4 x 100 x 100 cm)
Yes No
1 Use wood or steel mold to produce
2 Use steel bar (6mm) for reinforcement of concrete slab
3 Use good quality cement (not expired, used for construction only, stored in clean, dry place)
4 Gravel or stones scale max 10mm
5 Use clean sand
6 Mix concrete using one of the recommended ratios in latrine production
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manual
III
Stock Maintenance
Yes No
1 Carrying minimum required stock (parts for ten complete latrines)
Quarterly Enterprise Audit Report
Enterprise name: District: Province:
Tel: Date of report:
Score: A= Excellent, B= Good, C= Fair, D= Poor, F= Unacceptable
% Score: A = 100%, B = 75%, C = 50%, D = 25%, F= 0%
# of products in stock = 100%: >10, 0% =
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Final Score =
Next steps:
1. Communicate with enterprise owner and share report.
2. Discuss recommendations for improvement.
3. Conduct next audit on (date):
E.BUDGETTEMPLATE
BudgetEstimationsandAdvanceRequest
Purpose:
Date:
Location:
No Description Unit/Price Qty Total Remarks
I PerDiem:(Fullname)
1 Trainingfacilitators
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ix
2 DistrictNamSaatrepresentative
3 ProvincialNamSaatrepresentative
4 Trainees
Subtotal
II Transportation:
1 Transportationcompensationfortrainees(fuel)
2 Transportationcompensationfornon-localparticipants(fuel,carormotorbikerental)
Subtotal
III Stationary
1 Pre/Post-test(copy)
2 Marker(red,black,green)
3 Pen
4 PapercolorA4
5 Postit(big)
6 Flipchartprinting(color)+hardcompression
7 Flipchartpaper(A-0)
8 Latrineposter(color)+hardcompression
9 Printingandphotocopying
Subtotal
IV Misc.
1 CoffeeBreak
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x
2 Meetingroomrental
Subtotal
TOTAL
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F.LATRINEPRODUCTIONCHECKLIST
Item Description SketchEquipment Steelmouldforconcreterings
-Innermould-Outermould-Steelwire
SlabMould-Canbeconstructedusingwoodorsteel-Dimensionsofwoodplanksorsteelbars:4cmx8cmx120cm-Steelwire
Tools ConcreteMixer
-Volume:0.2m³or0.5m³
Shovel
Trowel
Hammer
MetalCuttingSaw
MeasuringTape
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RawMaterials Amount(forfourringsandoneslabwithtiles)
Cement 36kg(lessthanonebag)
Sand 76kg
Gravel 128kg
Water 24liters
SteelBar 50meters
SteelWire 2meters(approximate)
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v
C.MONTHLYREPORTS
Monthly Sales Report
Enterprise Name:
District:
Date:
1 2 3=(1+2) 4 5 6=(4-7)
7=(4-6) 8=(3-4-5) 9 10
Lateine Type Number of Orders from last month
not yet delivered
New orders in this month
Total Orders (Last month + This month)
Delivered this month Canceled
Total paid full
Total unpaid full
Remaining orders to be
delivered next month
Current stock No. of
sale agents
4 ring With tile
3 ring
4 ring Without tile
3 ring
Reported by:
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D.QUALITYASSURANCEAUDIT
Quality Assurance Quarterly Audit
I Concrete Rings (3 x 40 x 80 cm)
Yes No
1 Produced ring by good mold
2 Use steel bar (6mm) for reinforcement of concrete rings
3 Use good quality cement (not expired, used for construction only, stored in clean, dry place)
4 Gravel or stones scale max 10mm
5 Use clean sand
6 Mix concrete using one of the recommended ratios in latrine production manual
II
Concrete Slabs ( 4 x 100 x 100 cm)
Yes No
1 Use wood or steel mold to produce
2 Use steel bar (6mm) for reinforcement of concrete slab
3 Use good quality cement (not expired, used for construction only, stored in clean, dry place)
4 Gravel or stones scale max 10mm
5 Use clean sand
6 Mix concrete using one of the recommended ratios in latrine production
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vii
manual
III
Stock Maintenance
Yes No
1 Carrying minimum required stock (parts for ten complete latrines)
Quarterly Enterprise Audit Report
Enterprise name: District: Province:
Tel: Date of report:
Score: A= Excellent, B= Good, C= Fair, D= Poor, F= Unacceptable
% Score: A = 100%, B = 75%, C = 50%, D = 25%, F= 0%
# of products in stock = 100%: >10, 0% =
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Final Score =
Next steps:
1. Communicate with enterprise owner and share report.
2. Discuss recommendations for improvement.
3. Conduct next audit on (date):
E.BUDGETTEMPLATE
BudgetEstimationsandAdvanceRequest
Purpose:
Date:
Location:
No Description Unit/Price Qty Total Remarks
I PerDiem:(Fullname)
1 Trainingfacilitators
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ix
2 DistrictNamSaatrepresentative
3 ProvincialNamSaatrepresentative
4 Trainees
Subtotal
II Transportation:
1 Transportationcompensationfortrainees(fuel)
2 Transportationcompensationfornon-localparticipants(fuel,carormotorbikerental)
Subtotal
III Stationary
1 Pre/Post-test(copy)
2 Marker(red,black,green)
3 Pen
4 PapercolorA4
5 Postit(big)
6 Flipchartprinting(color)+hardcompression
7 Flipchartpaper(A-0)
8 Latrineposter(color)+hardcompression
9 Printingandphotocopying
Subtotal
IV Misc.
1 CoffeeBreak
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x
2 Meetingroomrental
Subtotal
TOTAL
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F.LATRINEPRODUCTIONCHECKLIST
Item Description SketchEquipment Steelmouldforconcreterings
-Innermould-Outermould-Steelwire
SlabMould-Canbeconstructedusingwoodorsteel-Dimensionsofwoodplanksorsteelbars:4cmx8cmx120cm-Steelwire
Tools ConcreteMixer
-Volume:0.2m³or0.5m³
Shovel
Trowel
Hammer
MetalCuttingSaw
MeasuringTape
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RawMaterials Amount(forfourringsandoneslabwithtiles)
Cement 36kg(lessthanonebag)
Sand 76kg
Gravel 128kg
Water 24liters
SteelBar 50meters
SteelWire 2meters(approximate)
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WSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-ManualWSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-Manual.2WSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-Manual.3WSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-Manual.4WSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-Manual.5