% HH with latrine facility Sa fai (Sanitation)

SAFAII 2010 1

SAFAII 2010(SANITATION ACCESS FOR ALL INDIAN INDIVIDUAL)

A Snapshot of Sanitation in India 2010

An estimated 55% of all Indians, more than 600 million people, still do not have access

to any kind of toilet.

Among those who make up this shocking total, Indians who live in urban slums and rural environments are affected the most.

In rural areas, the scale of the problem is particularly daunting, as 74% of the rural

population still defecates in the open. World Population Density Map - Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. June 2009.

SAFAII 2010 2

% HH with latrine facility

Safai (Sanitation)% HH with electricity

Bijli (Electricity)

BiPaSa’s whereabouts – 1992-93, 1998–99 & 2005-06

BiPaSa - set out for home in India long time ago…

% HH with safe drinking water

Pani (Water)

SAFAII 2010 3

A journey of 85 years…

• 1925 - ‘Sanitation is more important than political independence’ – Mahatma Gandhi

• “The day every one of us gets a toilet to use, I shall know that our country has reached the pinnacle of progress” - Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India

• 2010 - “There is a moral, civil, political and economic need to bring adequate sanitation to the global population – adequate for human health and adequate for ecosystem integrity” - Dr. Zafar Adeel, Chair UN-Water, Director UN University – Institute of Water, Environment & Health

SAFAII 2010 4

Reach half the way by 2015?

Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitationSource: India MDG Report, MoS&PI 2009

Households without sanitation facility - India

0

20

40

60

80

100

1990 1993 1999 2004 2006 2008 2015 (P) 2015 (T)

Year

% H

ou

seh

old

s

Rural Urban Total

Projected MDG

Targets

SAFAII 2010 5

Pani would reach faster than water

rural water supply growing faster

Percentage of households with improved drinking water source: India 1992-1993 to 2005-2006

Source: National Family Health Survey

Fast forward - MDGs met in 2015 -Safai still elusive to

many!

Source: Drinking Water and Sanitation Status in India - Water Aid India, 2005.

Urban Water and Sanitation Coverage, India

Source: Drinking Water and Sanitation Status in India - Water Aid India, 2005. (Graph based on UNICEF/ WHO/ Planning Commission figures)

SAFAII 2010 8

Source: Census 2001

Safai in the RED bastion! Past decade?

SAFAII 2010 9

Another 50 years to reach?

Source: NFHS surveys

Little over 1% households added per year

SAFAII 2010 10

Open under the sky...stagnant

Population using toilet & defecating in open - IndiaSource: Joint Monitoring Programme 2010 : UNICEF and WHO

SAFAII 2010 11

The destination - people & their homes

BPL (2004) / Total Population & Houses (2001)

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

500.0

EAG NE /JK Other South West

No.

in M

illions

BPL Population Total Population Houses

Source : Planning Commission / Census 2001

SAFAII 2010 12

The load factor POPULATION DENSITY

Census 2001State groups considered

for following analysis8 EAG (Empowered Action

Group) States UP, UA, Rajasthan, MP,

Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar & Orissa

NE & J&K Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizorm, Tripura, Arunachal,

Nagaland, Sikkim, J&K

WesternMaharastra, Gujarat, Goa

SouthernTN, AP, Karnataka, Kerala

OthersPunjab, Haryana, Delhi, HP, WB

SAFAII 2010 13

Journey till 2001 and thereafter

Total Stock of sanitary latrine in India - Census 2001, TSC - 2001 - 2010

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

Bih

ar

Chh

attis

garh

Jhar

khan

d

Mad

hya

Pra

desh

Oris

sa

Raj

asth

an

Utta

rP

rade

sh

Utta

ranc

hal

Aru

nach

alP

rade

sh

Ass

am

Jam

mu

&K

ashm

ir

Man

ipur

Meg

hala

ya

Miz

oram

Nag

alan

d

Sik

kim

Trip

ura

Cha

ndig

arh

Har

yana

Him

acha

lP

rade

sh

Pun

jab

Wes

tB

enga

lA

ndhr

aP

rade

sh

Kar

nata

ka

Ker

ala

Tam

il N

adu

Goa

Guj

arat

Mah

aras

htra

EAG NE /JK Other South West

Sum of Pit latrine Sum of Water closet Sum of Other latrine Sum of Physical Units under TSC

SAFAII 2010 14

Source: Central Bureau of Health IntelligenceEAG (Empowered Action Group) States: 8 states - UP, UA, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar & Orissa

The challenges

SAFAII 2010 15

Mapping the weak tracks

Total Sanitation CampaignPhysical Performance

July 2010 and counting…

SAFAII 2010 16

Source : Total Sanitation Campaign

Downhill trip in West & south, climb up in EAG/NE

SAFAII 2010 17


A track change - by demand or just willingness to pay?

SAFAII 2010 18


Its’ a war to reach home (objective) early!

Reaching the bottom of pyramid fast

SAFAII 2010 19

Performance trend – BPL / APL Mix – in absolute

figuresDistribution of latrines created since 2001 amongst BPL/APL

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

EAG - BPL NE /JK - BPL Other - BPL South - BPL West - BPL EAG - APL NE /JK - APL Other - APL South - APL West - APL


SAFAII 2010 20


In EAG / NE.. slow on million count

SAFAII 2010 21

Source: Nirmal Gram Puraskar – Villages with 100% sanitation coverage

100%s in 2008 for West & South

SAFAII 2010 22

Conservative objective – high achievement or vice

versa?

- Aug 2010

Achievement vs objective set for IHHL BPL/APL for select states

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Maharastra(West)

Assam (NE &JK)

Bihar (EAG) Jharkhand(EAG)

Orissa (EAG) West Bengal(Other)

Haryana(Other)

Punjab(Other)

IHHL BPL IHHL APL


SAFAII 2010 23

Co-incidence or correlation – Safai follows Pani in WB

blocksRural Water / Sanitation coverage - 8 blocks in Murshidabad, West Bengal

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

RaghunathganjII

Khargram Kandi Farakka Suti II Samsherganj RaghunathganjI

Suti I

Blocks

Co

vera

ge

% Habitations - Drinking water Coverage >= 50 and < 75% pop % Habitations - Drinking water Coverage >=75 and < 100% pop

% Habitations - Drinking water Coverage 100% pop % Habitations - Drinking water coverage < 50% pop

IHHL coverage -BPL IHHL coverage -APL

Source: National Drinking Water Mission & Total Sanitation Campaign

SAFAII 2010 24

Road blocks in GPs of Dindigul, TN

IHHL CoverageAPL+BPL

0-35%

36-75%

76 - 90%

91-100%


SAFAII 2010 25


Schools of thought - 2008 & after

SAFAII 2010 26


EAG/NE targeting children!

SAFAII 2010 27


Best community living.. West/NE

SAFAII 2010 28

Resource Allocation

Total Sanitation CampaignFinancial Performance

The CTC … cost to country

SAFAII 2010 29


The individual focus – 70:30 ratio

Average construction cost / IHHL

last 3 years cumulative expenditure / nos. of IHHL installed Source : Total Sanitation Campaign

SAFAII 2010 30

SAFAII 2010 31


IEC for community involvement – 70:30 ratio

SAFAII 2010 32


West invests more for IEC –

SAFAII 2010 33

Economics of the IEC

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

NE /JK West Other South EAG India

Phy. Achieve (Million) IEC Exp (Billion Rs ) IEC Cost (Rs) / Unit


SAFAII 2010 34

Beneficiary contribution?


Average beneficiary contribution / IHHL

last 3 years cumulative beneficiary contribution / nos. of IHHL installed


SAFAII 2010 35

SAFAII 2010 36

Implication of Sanitation on MDGs

Excerpts from Sanitation as a Key to Global Health: Voices from the Field - UN University – Institute of Water, Environment & Health

• Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

– Sanitation provides economic benefits that reduce extreme poverty.

• Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

– Improved sanitation promotes school attendance

• Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

– Safe sanitation facilitates gender sensitive hygiene facilities at school and work; promote the attendance of menstruating girls and women.

• Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality– In addition to reducing child mortality

from diarrhea related malnutrition, improved sanitation can help to reduce morbidity for millions of other children.

• Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health– Maternal health, child survival and

access to sanitation are intricately linked.

• Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

– Improved sanitation and hygiene reduces risk of waterborne diseases like malaria, cholera.

• Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

– Improved water and sanitation benefits the connection between environment and health.

• Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

– The sanitation sector is currently fragmented, with stakeholders playing diverse roles in different regions and time periods.

SAFAII 2010 37

FAQs …where is Bipasa now? When is Safai

reaching?Targeting the seven Cs

1. Core target group – track BPL or BoP (Bottom of Pyramid)? 2. Community Participation – would IEC spend aid adoption?

3. Cost sharing – subsidize another 50 years for “zero tolerance”? 4. Campaign for Total Sanitation – “asset” utilization in “Nirmal”

villages?5. Cost effective & sustainable – Supply or demand driven

approach?6. CTC – Cost to Country or cost recovery?

7. MDG Target 7C – 2015 or later?&

Total Sanitation in India? 2060 or earlier How?

Monitoring “objectives” – Goals? Achievements? Sustained usage? Cost recovery?

Tracking requirement – sequence? Level - district, GP, village, habitation? www.ikonet.in

Contact: [email protected]

% HH with latrine facility Sa fai (Sanitation)

Documents

Transcript of % HH with latrine facility Sa fai (Sanitation)