PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

MAKING PDS

- SELF SUSTAINABLE - EFFICIENTLY INTEGRATED INFORMATION MODEL

THROUGH

PROGRESSIVE COMPETITIVENESS…

TECHNOLOGY…

WIDESPREAD AWARENESS…

RESPONSIVE FEEDBACK

PARTICIPANTS NAMES INSTITUTE TEAM NAME 1. VIKAS DUBEY 2. RAKSHIT AGARWAL INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR KGPROCKS3. ABHIMANYU ABROL 4. SWAPNIL5. KARANDEEP SINGH GUJRAL

SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

• Large diversion of subsidized grains in open market

• De-sustenance of PDS retail trade• Lower Consumer Off-take of grains • Large errors of exclusion(of BPL families)

and inclusion (of APL families) by the prevalence of Ghost BPL Cards

• Non-viable FPS distribution channel

CAUSES OF THE PROBLEM

Central Level• Variation in BPL quota• Low awareness about government policies related to

storage facilities ( construction of godown, purchase of mobile vans/trucks & Training/Research and Monitoring)

State Level• Allocation of preferred cereals (Wheat & Rice) only• Seasonality in demand for PDS grains (wage in kind and low

price in harvest seasons) • Issuance of Ghost Cards

FPS/Distribution Level• Improper monitoring of activities of FPSs through inspection

by district/ taluka level officials• Low off-take of grains and other commodities by consumers• Less no of ration cards attached to a FPS and their BPL-APL

break off• Cost incurred on transport and handling, rent etc• Market prices ruling above economic cost offered by this

scheme

Common Issues• Inadequate storage facilities• Higher administrative costs• Lack of Railway Rakes lead to transportation problems• Absence of information system among various levels

REASON FOR SELECTING SPECIFIC CAUSE (S)

• Broad day light leakages at various levels.

• To increase viability of FPSs.

• Information flow within various levels is absent

• Improper record maintenance

• Need of proper storage facilities

• Presence of ‘middle-men’ in supply chain at State & FPS/Distribution level

• Identifying deserving people for PDS policy

• In co-ordination b/w State & Central government

05

101520253035404550

Andhra Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Gujrat

Haryana

Himachal Pradesh

Karnataka

Kerela

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Orissa

Punjab

Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu

U.P

West Bengal

Exclusion Error

0

5

10

15

20

25Andhra Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Gujrat

Haryana

Himachal Pradesh

Karnataka

Kerela

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Orissa

Punjab

Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu

U.P

West Bengal

Shadow Ownership Error

0

10

20

30

40

50Andhra Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Gujrat

Haryana

Himachal Pradesh

Karnataka

Kerela

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Orissa

Punjab

Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu

U.P

West Bengal

Inclusion Error

*Data Source – PEO TPDS

Social challengeBPL families have to be more vigilant towards their rightsEnsuring Constant power supply and internet connectivity at the ration shops.

Economic ChallengeIncreased Budget to install computers and serversCreating a separate smart card for PDS.

Political ChallengeState Government not keen to utilize the government policies which helps to increase storage and transportation facilities.

Delivery Tracking Application (DTA) – An integrated approach to visualize delivered items at any PDS geo location(Developed by our team using Google API, HTML & CSS, User Interface snapshots shown as images)

Features• Use of customized Icon for each data row entitled to a location• Customized icons set by pre-specified range of data• Vary color of region & boundary color specifically for PDS node in

check • Gradual change in colors for a specified range of values

Implementation of DTA

Central Pool

Outflow Track

Once grain is allocated to states on papers, dynamic update of

physical delivery of stock at various godown/

warehouse facilities in state by concerned

authority take place, subsequently to other

levels

Central Pool

State

Tier 1

Tier 2

Tier 3

Gradient diagram of food

grain credit density by BPL/APL families

throughout nation

Analysis of transport

channels b/w FCI godowns & State godown

using rail, road, ship, air, ocean

etc.

*Food grain credit density is amount of food grain not reaching to BPL/APL families

User Interface has Drop-down menu, performance indicator slider and checkbox functionalities are utilized to put check at various levels of PDS• Central Pool• State Level• FPS/Distribution Level

Impacts of DTACentral Pool System

Check efficiency of PDS network geo

locations based on

Past food grain demand in terms of

quantum (Rs.) and growth (%)

Presence of agri- products growing

centers for enrichment of pool

PEO can avail real time data to

analyze dynamic picture of scenario

State Level System

Compare PDS geo locations based on

Presence of warehouse, suppliers

etc.

Presence of pick-up and drop hubs

for various modes of transport (rail,

road, air, ocean etc.)

Rail / Road route between source

and destination

District Level System

Compare PDS geo locations based on

Presence of pick-up and drop hubs for

various modes of transport (rail, road, air,

ocean etc.)

Rail / Road route between source and

destination

BPL & APL families / Accounts

Distributors / Retailers etc.

*Competitive Index Ratio (CIR) can be labelled at each node to evaluate the flow effectively.CIR explained in detail later

National Information Flow System (NIFS) – a mechanism to integrate and develop a co ordinated flow of information among various levels of PDS

Implementation of NIFS

Central, State & Zonal level

database gets updated with

BPL/APL family information

Receive Information

through UID & Electoral Database

Distribution of PDS ID Smart

Card

PDS ID Smart Card used to

swipe for each ration

transaction at FPSs

Impact of NIFS

Monitoring of FPSs

Inter State ration

transactions possible for state wide

cross flow of people

Co-ordinated information

flow b/w Central, State & Zonal level

Tracking of resources allocated

dynamically

*Each Card swipe will result in minimum transaction of 5 Kg. ration

Family ID Individual Family Member Biometric Info Issue Date Valid Till Year Jan Feb Mar April … Dec

25 30 35 35 … 40

5 10 10 5 … 5

25 35 45 30 … 25

10 20 5 … 5

35 25 35 30 … 25

0 10 5 … 10

25 30 35 35 … 40

5 10 10 5 … 5

25 35 45 30 … 25

10 20 5 … 5

35 25 35 30 … 25

0 10 5 … 10

BP<Pincode>Serial_no.

Kamal Kishor

Lilavati Kishor

Allocated

Credit

Allocated

Credit

Allocated

23-05-2011 23-05-2021

2011

2012

2013

Chiraunjee Lal Kishore

Divya Kumari

Allocated

Credit

Credit

2011

Allocated

Credit

Allocated

Credit

2013

AP<Pincode>Serial_no./

AAY<PinCode>Serial_No.

Suhas Banwari

14-07-2011 14-07-2021

Bhagwati

Pinki Kumari

Meena Banwari

2012

Sample of Database Form of BPL/APL families-it will be saved for further reference for check/distribution at various levels

Competitive Index Ratio (CIR)

In each zone we keep track of remaining inventory of all FPS.

The remaining inventory of all FPS are then normalized which is then used as performance index which we call competitive index ratio.

Based on CIR, commission on selling per quintal of food grain will be decided.

This is done to introduce competitiveness in the FPS chain.

Re

Re

i

i

maining InventoryCIR

Total maining Inventory at Zonal Level

Hybrid Accessibility Approach System (HAAS)

STATIC PDS

MOBILE PDS

Highly Accessible Areas

Inaccessible Areas

Medium Accessible Areas

Inaccessible Areas

Medium Accessible

Areas

Highly Accessible Areas

Implementation of HAAS

• Division of transportation channels across nation into three categories as shown

• Static PDS suggests use FPSs for distribution

• Mobile PDS suggests use of Van/Truck for delivery of items to customers

• Cross-section of both suggests use of mix of both strategies

This solution will create nation wide impact to have high off take by BPL/APL families

COST ESTIMATE

PROJECT TASKS NUMBER OF UNITS TYPE COMPUTERS (Rs.) POS TERMINALS (Rs.) TOTAL PER LEVEL

Total Investment At All Zonal / Taluka Offices 229.0 Offices ₹ 1,01,37,87,580.00 ₹ 1,01,37,87,580.00 ₹ 2,02,75,75,389.00

Total Investment At All FPS 16,500.0 FPS ₹ 1,82,32,50,000.00 ₹ 1,82,32,50,000.00 ₹ 3,64,65,16,500.00

Total Investment At All Godown Centres 192.0 Offices ₹ 9,93,28,896.00 ₹ 1.00 ₹ 9,93,29,089.00

Total Investment At All DSM Offices 26.0 Offices ₹ 2,06,03,700.00 ₹ 1.00 ₹ 2,06,03,727.00

Total Investment At All DSO Offices 26.0 Offices ₹ 1,37,13,700.00 ₹ 1,37,13,700.00 ₹ 2,74,27,426.00

Total Investment At One FCS & CAD, GOG Offices 1.0 Office ₹ 21,45,654.00 ₹ 21,45,654.00 ₹ 42,91,309.00

Total Investment At GSCSC Head Office 1.0 Office ₹ 26,77,784.00 ₹ 26,77,784.00 ₹ 53,55,569.00

Total Investment Of The Project 0.0 - ₹ 2,97,55,07,314.00 ₹ 2,85,55,74,720.00 ₹ 5,83,10,99,009.00

Source : E-PDS System Gujarat

NIF

S P

RO

JE

CT

CO

ST

• DTA proposed solution is already developed as an application, needs skilled operators who can fill data at backend. This resource can be availed in co-ordination with government agencies like NIC

• NIFS can be implemented broadly at national level by employing financial estimates done above.

• HAAS is a strategic solution which can be included in government national scheme of Public Distribution System

Financial Viability of proposed solutions

Set up rural development fundswhich can be of two forms

• Voluntary donations• Compiled with employment

programs ( eg. NREGA), where people can earn their living by acting in PDS itself.

Human Resource Management

Beside we discuss estimate for implementation of National Information Flow System (NIFS)

Non-Implementation of Government Policies

•Central provides a maximum financial assistance of 50000 INR for week's training course

•Funds for supporting research/studies/seminars depend upon the size, merits of each case.

• Financial assistance for purchase of Mobile Vans/Trucks for rural/hilly or inaccessible areas

• Under this scheme for a 4 tonner truck a assistance of Rs. 4 lakhs is provided with 50% loan and 50% subsidy

• And for a 8 tonner truck a assistance of Rs. 8-10 lakhs is provided with 50% loan and 50% subsidy.

• Funds for small godowns where Central agencies like CWC, FCI do not operate.

• A Financial assistance of 50% loan and 50% subsidy is provided.

• However, In UTs without legislatures the entire assistance is in the form of subsidy only

Purchase of Mobile Vans/Trucks

Training, Research and Monitoring.

Construction of Godowns

Challenges and Mitigation factors-Government policies can give employment and promote better infrastructure

development of India to support the various social safety nets

Challenges

Mitigation

Appendix

• Trends in Diversion of Grain from the Public Distribution Sytem, Reetika Khare, EPW

• Mid-Day Meals in Primary Schools, Reetika Khare

• Guidelines for Computerization of TPDS

• Justice Wadhwa Committee Report on Public Distribution System

• Performance Evaluation of TPDS, Planning Commission, March 2005

• Reforming the Public Distribution System: Lessons from Chhattisgarh, Raghav Puri,2012

• Coverage and Leakages in PDS in Andhra Pradesh, S Indrakanth,1997

• Public Distribution of Rice in Andhra Pradesh: Efficiency and Reform Options, Surajit Deb

• Integrated Weight Management-cum-mis Solution For PDS In Gaya – An Iap Initiative

• Food Stamps: A Model for India, Centre for Civil Society