ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis socialur da politikur...

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universiteti

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

V saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia

`sivrce, sazogadoeba, politika _ mdgradiganviTarebis regionuli aspeqtebi~

programa

da

Tezisebi

22-24 ivnisi, 2017

2

22-24 ivnisi, 2017

V saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia

“sivrce, sazogadoeba, politika – mdgradi ganviTarebis

regionuli aspeqtebi”

samecniero redaqtorebi:

Tamar dolbaia, Teona mataraZe

teqnikuri jgufi: Teona TabuaSvili, miranda miqaZe,

nino abesaZe

22-24 June, 2017

The 5th International Scientific Conference

“Space, Society, Politics - The Regional Aspects of Sustainable Development”

Editors: Tamar Dolbaia, Teona Mataradze

Technical Group: Teona Tabuashvili, Miranda Mikadze, Nino Abesadze

3

programa

22 ivnisi, xuTSabaTi

I korpusi, oTaxi #107

09.30 - 10.00 konferenciis monawileTa registracia

10.00 konferenciis gaxsna:


giorgi SarvaSiZe _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universitetis reqtori

Tamar dolbaia _ socialur da politikur mecnierebaTafakultetis dekani

mixeil Cxenkeli _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universitetis reqtoris moadgile


I sesia (inglisurenovani)

Tavmjdomareebi: valerian meliqiZe, arda arikani

10.20 valerian meliqiZe - asocirebuli profesori, ivanejavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.“patara qveynebi, rogorc globaluri sistemuri miTologiisobieqtebi”;

4

10.40 Tamar dolbaia – asocirebuli profesori, ivanejavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.“samxreT kavkasiis satransporto sistema, rogorc regionulimdgradi ganviTarebis faqtori”;

11.00 lale ialCin-hekmani – profesori, maqs plankissocialuri anTropologiis instituti, germania. “vardebisada vardis zeTis warmoebis mdgradi ganviTareba da fasebi,isparta, TurqeTi”;

11.20 xose vargas-hernandesi – profesori, guadalaharasuniversiteti, meqsika. “urbanuli mwvane sivrceebi, rogorcekosistemis komponenti”;

11.40 ali CeSmeJangi – asocirebuli profesori, CineTisnotinghem ninbos universiteti, CineTi. “smart qalaqebi” dacvalebadi urbanuli sistemebi”;

12.00 siuzan elisa haris-brandtsi – doqtoranti, masa-Cusetsis teqnologiebis instituti, aSS. “turizmisganviTareba saxelmwifos mSeneblobis procesSi: post-revoluciuri baTumis magaliTze”;

12.20 tuba birjani - ufrosi mkvlevari, luvenis universiteti,belgia; Teona mataraZe – asocirebuli profesori, ivanejavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.“saerTaSoriso migraciis tendenciebi da migraciis gavlenaojaxebis socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobazesaqarTveloSi”;

12.40 aleqsandre kuxianiZe – profesori, ivane javaxiSvilissaxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti. “birTvuli daradiologiuri usafrTxoebis muqara samxreT kavkasiisregionSi: saqarTvelo da somxeTi”;

5

13.00 – 14.00 Sesveneba, lanCi

14.00 hosein nazmfari – asocirebuli profesori, mohaReRardabilis universiteti, irani. “sivrce, sazogadoeba,uTanasworoba – SemTxvevis analizi: ardabilis provincia,irani“;

14.20 daviT macaberiZe – asistent-profesori, ivanejavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.“putinis sainformacio politika da evropuli politikisfragmentacia”;

14.40 fiqria asaniSvili – asocirebuli profesori, ivanejavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.“iranis “rbili Zalis” gavlena samxreT kavkasiisgeopolitikaze”;

15.00 terane amiraga Sirvanova – asistent-profesori,azerbaijanis ekonomikis saxelmwifo universiteti. “rbili

usafrTxoebis aRqma yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi: swrafvanatoSi CarTulobisken Tu misi ignorireba?”

15.20 arda arikani - profesori, akdenizis univer-siteti,TurqeTi. “sirieli ltolvilebis asaxva TurqulkarikaturebSi”;

15.40 mariam gersamia, profesori; maia toraZe, asoci-rebuliprofesori - ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universiteti. “axalgazrda Jurnalistebisdasaqmeba mediis Sromis bazarze”;

16.00 r. jeferson jorj – ufrosi leqtori, Crdi-loeTtexasis universiteti, aSS. “onlain samagistro programisganviTareba saganmanaTleblo liderobaSi”;

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16.20 samira karaeva – mkvlevari, arqeologiisa daeTnografiis instituti, azerbaijani. “genderuli sakiTxebisproblemebi azerbaijanSi”.

23 ivnisi, paraskevi

II sesia (qarTulenovani)


Tavmjdomareebi: revaz jorbenaZe, zviad abaSiZe

10.00 giorgi kvinikaZe – asistent-profesori, ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.

“gardamavali ekonomikis mqone patara qveynebis

geoekonomikuri problemebi profesor aleqsandre rondelis

SromebSi”;

10.20 malxaz macaberiZe – profesori, ivane javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti. “ivane

javaxiSvili da saqarTvelos istoriul-strategiuli

sazRvrebis koncefcia”;

10.40 valerian doliZe – asistent-profesori, ivane


“demokratiis mesame talRa da postkomunisturi

demokratizacia: saqarTvelos SemTxveva”;

11.00 zviad abaSiZe – asistent-profesori, ivane javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.

7

“xelisuflebis danawileba da mmarTvelobis formebi

aRmosavleT-centralur evropasa da saqarTveloSi”;

11.20 irina biWikaSvili – asocirebuli profesori, ivane


“kulturis gamoyeneba politikaSi. istoriuli analogiebi”;

11.40 revaz jorbenaZe, profesori, marex deviZe, doqtoranti -

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti. “socialuri aqsiomis struqtura da pirovnebis

qceva”;

11.40 _ 13.00 Sesveneba, lanCi

13.00 naTela donaZe - asocirebuli profesori, ivane


“ojaxi, rogorc Rirebuleba: saqarTvelosa da dasavleTis

qveynebis SedarebiTi analizi”;

13.20 marina burZeniZe, asocirebuli profesori, marine

qevxiSvili, doqtoranti – ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti. “socialuri mediis

praqtika da qarTuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

organizaciebi”;

13.40 amiran berZeniSvili – profesori, ivane javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti. “cifruli

Taobis” damkvidrebisa da ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi

saqarTveloSi”;

8

14.00 nana maWaraZe – doqtoranti, saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv

saqmeTa instituti (GIPA). “cifruli mauwyeblobis praqtikisdanergva saqarTveloSi: misi gavlena satelevizio

informaciuli resursis ganviTarebaze”;

14.20 Tengiz verulava - profesori, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti. “universaluri jandacva saqarTveloSi:

miRwevebi da gamowvevebi”

24 ivnisi, SabaTi

09:00 - eqskursia ucxoeli stumrebisTvis:

ufliscixe – mcxeTa

9

Tezisebi

11

Tamar dolbaia

asocirebuli profesori

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

samxreT kavkasiis satransporto sistema, rogorc

ganviTarebis regionuli faqtori

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdgom, erT geografiul

sivrceSi myofi, msgavsi istoriuli da ekonomikuri warsulis

mqone sami saxelmwifo: saqarTvelo, somxeTi da azerbaijani,

saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa sistemaSi ganixileba, rogorc

samxreT kavkasiis regioni. Tumca, regionuli kavSirebi erTob

myifea politikuri aramdgradobis, teritoriuli

pretenziebis, regionuli konfliqtebisa da gansxvavebuli

sagareo partnioruli interesebis gamo.

globalur ekonomikur sivrceSi, samxreT kavkasiis

regionis mniSvnelobisa da saWiroebis damkvidreba xdeba

regionis xelsayreli satransporto – geografiuli

mdebareobis meSveobiT satranzito funqciis ganviTarebis

gziT, rogorc evropa - aziis Sesayarze satranzito

tvirTnakadebis Semkrebi, gamtari da rac mTavaria, ruseTze

gamavali satranzito nakadebis diversifikaciis saSualeba.

naSromSi ganxiluli da gaanalizebulia samxreT

kavkasiis regionis satransporto sistema: transportis yvela

saxeoba, tvirTis eqsport-importuli da satranzito nakadebi,

mgzavrTbrunva, transportis saxeobebis daqselvis done da

xarisxi, regionze gamavali saerTaSoriso satransporto

derefnebi da milsadenebi.

mocemulia rekomendaciebi satransporto

infrastruqturis erTiani regionuli sistemis Seqmnis,

saerTaSoriso standartebTan miaxloebis, regionuli sabaJo

procedurebis srulyofis, erTiani satarifo sistemis,

“karidan-karamde gadazidvis” sistemis Sesaqmnelad, rac xels

Seuwyobs regionuli satransporto sistemis efeqtianobis

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gaumjobesebas, saerTaSoriso multimodalur satransporto

derefnebSi CarTvasa da tvirTnakadebis mozidvas.

samxreT kavkasiis regionis satranzito funqciis

gaZliereba, multimodalur satransporto derefnebSi CarTva,

Tavis mxriv, regionuli TanamSromlobis, usafrTxoebisa da

mdgradi ganviTarebis garantias warmoadgens.

13

lale ialCin-hekmani

profesori, maqs plankis socialuri anTropologiis

instituti, germania

vardebisa da vardis zeTis warmoebis mdgradi ganviTareba da

fasebi, isparta, TurqeTi

moxseneba ganixilavs vardisa da vardis zeTis warmoebis

da faswarmoqmnis Sesaxeb diskursebs ispartas provinciaSi.fermerebi vardis kultivacias saukuneze metia misdeven, xolo

vardis zeTis warmoeba miCneulia tradiciul industriad.vardis zeTis sabazro momxmarebeli globaluri masStabis

kosmetikuri firmebia da ispartaSi warmoebuli vardis zeTis

ZiriTadi nawili saeqsportoa. 2000 wlidan vardisa da vardis

zeTis fasebi da warmoeba stabilurad izrdeba. aris vardis

Warbwarmoebis safrTxe, maRali konkurencia vardis zeTis

Semsyidvel firmebs Soris, rac xelovnurad zrdis fasebs da

ramac SeiZleba, msoflio bazarze vardis zeTis biznesis

Cavardna gamoiwvios. gadaxdisa da faswarmoqmnis

procedurebze detaluri dakvirvebiT, moxsenebaSi ganvixilav

faswarmoqmnis “moralur” ekonomikas. marTalia, aRniSnuli

kvleva mimdinareobis procesSia da warmovadgen winaswar

Sedegebs, magram fasebis Sesaxeb arsebuli diskursis analizi

migvaniSnebs, rom es aris ara mxolod bazris sawinaaRmdego

msjelobebi, aramed sabazro ekonomikis RirebulebebiTi

Sefaseba.

14

xose vargas-hernandesi

profesori, guadalaharas universiteti, meqsika

mwvane urbanuli sivrceebi, rogorc ekosistemis komponenti

naSromis mizania ekosistemis perspeqtividan

gaaanalizos arsebuli literatura urbanuli mwvane sivrceebis

im maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa misi komponentebi,servisebi, erTobebis CarTuloba, iniciativebi da qmedebebi.analizi iwyeba im varaudiT, rom urbanuli mwvane sivrceebi arin

sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis ekosistemebi urbanul garemoSi

cxovrebis xarisxis zrdisTvis da ekosistemis iseTi

servisebisTvis, rogoricaa biomravalferovneba, klimatis

regulacia. amdenad, urbanuli mwvane sivrceebi nebismieri

erTobis ekosistemis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani komponentia.momxmareblebis moTxovnaTa dakmayofileba dakavSirebulia im

funqciebTan da servisebTan, rasac urbanuli mwvane sivrceebi

awvdian erTobas. erTobis wevrTa CarTuloba da ganviTareba

moiTxovs meqanizmebs, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas adgilobrivi

momxmareblebis moTxovnebisa da miswrafebebis dakmayofileba.am analizSi gamoyenebuli meTodebia dokumentebisa da

empiriuli monacemebis analizi moxmarebasa da momxmareblebze,interviuebi eqspertebTan da SemTxvevis Seswavla. aseve,adgilobrivi xelisuflebisa da erTobebisaTvis SeTavazebulia

ramdenime damatebiTi rekomendacia, garemos, ekonomikuri da

socialuri xasiaTis zogadi iniciativebis Sesaxeb, rac

daexmareba dainteresebul da CarTul mxareebs iniciativebis

ganxorcielebaSi.dabolos, kvleva yuradRebas amaxvilebs urbanuli mwvane

sivrceebis SesaZleblobebze, gamowvevebsa da perspeqtivebze.

15

ali CeSmeJangi

asocirebuli profesori,

CineTis notinghem ninbos universiteti, CineTi

`smart qalaqebi~ da cvalebadi urbanuli sistemebi

kvleva Seexeba „smart qalaqebs“, rogorc Cveni epoqis qalaqebis

brendirebis procesis mTavar transformirebad tendencias. im

pirobebSi, rodesac „smart qalaqebi“ didad arian

damokidebulni sainformacio teqnologiebsa da monacemTa did

bazebze, informacia, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba qalaqis

operirebisa da marTvis optimizaciisaTvis. saqalaqo doneze am

procesma gaamartiva arsebuli rTuli operaciebi, magram es did

winaaRmdegobaSi aRmoCnda urbanizmis zogierT mowinave

TeoriasTan. naSromSi ganxilulia urbanizmis Teoriebsa da

„smart qalaqebTan“ dakavSirebuli es winaaRmdegobebi.„smart qalaqebis“ gaCenam nawilobriv Seamcira

urbanizmis roli qalaqebis ganviTarebaSi. axali urbanuli

gadawyvetilebebi da intervenciebi axla ukve damokidebulia

gamoTvliT simulaciebze, did monacemTa bazebsa da

optimizaciis procesebze. urbanul dagegmarebasa da sivrcis

gamoyenebis dizainSi Tanamedroveoba karnaxobs Tu rogor

SeiZleba ganviTardnen da Camoyalibdnen qalaqebi da sabolood

adaptirdnen axal modelebTan.erTi mxriv, zogierTi „smart qalaqis“ iniciativa

mdgradi qalaqebisa da ubnebisaTvis ganviTarebis inovaciur

gadawyvetilebad gvevlineba, Tumca meore mxriv, is zogjer

ewinaaRmdegeba urbanizmis koncefciebsa da Teoriebs.es naSromi ganixilavs am dapirispirebas ara cvlilebis

gazomvis kuTxiT, aramed qalaqebisa da urbanizmisTvis

potenciuri safrTxeebis Sefasebis mxriv. kvleva gamoavlens sam

erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul elements: fizikur sivrces,virtualur sivrces da xelmisawvdomobas, pirvel rigSi „smart

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qalaqis“ ideis WrilSi da Semdeg - urbanizmis. am sami elementis

analizi gamoyenebuli iqneba imis gansasazRvrad, Tu ra

uaryofiTi gavlena SeiZleba hqondeT maT urbanizmis

Teoriebze, Tu mxolod „smart qalaqis“ ideis mxridan iqnebian

ganxilulni.

17

siuzan elisa haris-brandtsi

doqtoranti, masaCusetsis

teqnologiebis instituti, aSS

turizmis ganviTareba saxelmwifos mSeneblobis procesSi:

post-revoluciuri baTumis magaliTi

statia kritikulad ganixilavs im gamowvevebsa da

SesaZleblobebs, romlebic post-revoluciuri saxelmwifos

mSeneblobis sawyis etapze Tan axlavs turizmis ganviTarebas.

saqarTveloSi, 2003 wlis vardebis revoluciis Semdeg, baTumSi

dramatuli neoliberaluri reformebi da swrafi

rekonstruqcia ganxorcielda. ukanasknel dekadaSi baTumi

SavizRvispireTis turistul centrad da qveynis warmatebul,

post-revoluciuri transformaciis simbolod iqca. statia

ganixilavs, rogor iqca nacionalizmis xelSewyobis

arqiteqturul simbolod mTavrobis mier ganxorcilebuli

axali turistuli proeqtebi. moxsenebaSi aseve warmovadgen Tu

rogor iwvevs turizmi nacionalizmis simboloebs Soris

komunikaciaSi dabneulobas da aferxebs maT gavrcelebas.

saxelmwifo mSeneblobis procesSi turizmi SeiZleba

iqces ekonomikuri eqspansiis efeqtian saSualebad, gansxvavebiTgamowvevebisgan, rac Tan axlavs nela ganviTarebad mopovebiT

mrewvelobas an maRal-profesiul mwarmoebel seqtors. Tumca,arsebobs maRali riski imisa, rom didi qalaqebi gadaiqcevian

mTavar turistul centrebad. garda ekonomikuri

winaaRmdegobebisa, turizms SeuZlia gamoiwvios qalaqis

Taviseburebebis Secvla da moqalaqeebis mTavari

sivrceebisagan gaucxoeba. Seviswavli ra baTumis SemTxvevas,

moxsenebaSi warmovadgen turistuli qalaqis urbanuli

rekonstruqciis gavlenas mis socialur da politikur

aspeqtebze, post-revoluciuri eris mSeneblobis farTo

gamowvevebze. moxsenebis farglebSi ganvixilav sakiTxs Tu

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rogori gavlena SeiZleba hqondes saxelmwifos mSeneblobis

procesSi gare turistuli seqtoris ganviTarebas samoqalaqo

TviTSegnebisa da nacionalizmis ideebis xelSewyobaze.

turizmis ganviTarebasa da nacionalizmis mimarTebebis

garda, moxsenebaSi mimovixilav turistuli ekonomikis

gauTvaliswinebel gavlenebs formirebadi erebis simbolur

arqiteqturasa da urbanul formebs.

moxsenebaSi saubaria im gavlenaze, romelic saxelmwifo

mSeneblobisas iniciativebis paralelurad SesaZloa hqondes

turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebas samoqalaqo integraciisa da

nacionalizmis xelSewyobaze. turizmis ganviTarebasa da

nacionalizms Soris kompleqsuri urTierTobis garda, kargad

Cans turizmis ekonomikis zogierTi gauTvaliswinebeli gavlena

axlad ganviTarebad erebze simboluri arqiteqturisa da

urbanuli formis meSveobiT.moxsenebaSi baTumi warmodgenilia, rogorc

postsocialisturi qveynebis urbanuli trasformaciis

magaliTi, romelSic mimdinareobs turizmis ganviTareba.

analizi efuZneba 2016-2017 wlebSi Catarebul siRrmiseul

interviuebs, dakvirvebasa da mosaxleobis gamokiTxvis

Sedegebs.

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tuba birjani

ufrosi mkvlevari, luvenis universiteti, belgia

Teona mataraZe

asocirebuli profesori, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis


saerTaSoriso migraciis tendenciebi da migraciis gavlena

ojaxis socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobaze saqarTveloSi

moxsenebis mizania ganixilos saqarTvelodan migraciis

zogadi tendenciebi da Seadaros saqarTveloSi mcxovreb

migrantTa ojaxebis socialuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareoba

ojaxebs, romlebsac ar hyavT migranti. moxseneba efuZneba

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mier dafinansebul

miznobrivi samecniero-kvleviTi proeqtis farglebSi 2015 wlis

Semodgomaze saqarTveloSi Catarebul erovnuli raodenobrivi

gamokiTxvis Sedegebs. SerCevis zoma aris 1000 respondenti,

gamokiTxvis forma – pirispiri interviu.prezentaciis farglebSi Cven ganvixilavT migrantTa

demografiul maxasiaTeblebs, migraciis mimarTulebas,migrantTa samoqalaqo da dasaqmebis statuss mimReb

sazogadoebaSi, migrantTa daxmarebis formebsa da fuladi

gzavnilebis odenobas. kvlevis mTavari hipoTeza Semdegia -migrantis yola gavlenas axdens gamgzavni ojaxis wevrebis

damokidebulebaze saxelmwifosa da sxva institutebis mimarT.hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad vzomavT saxelmwifo institutebis

mier miwodebuli momsaxurebiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebis

dones da sxvadasxva sajaro organizaciisa da adamianebis

mimarT respondentTa ndobas. zogadad, kvlevam gamoavlina, rom

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb ojaxTa 14.3%-s qveynis farglebs gareT

hyavT erTi migranti mainc. migrantTa wili maRalia imereTisa da

Sida qarTlis regionebsa da TbilisSi. migrantTa 44.4%

mamakacia, xolo 55.6% – qali. migrantTa umravlesoba saSualo

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asakisaa (31-62 wlebi). migrantTa 46.8%-s aqvs umaRlesi

ganaTleba, xolo 39.1%-s profesiuli ganaTleba. qal migrantebs

ganaTlebis ufro maRali done aqvT mamakaci migrantebis

ganaTlebis donesTan SedarebiT, zogadad ki, migrantebis

ganaTlebis done ufro maRalia adgilobrivi mosaxelobis

ganaTlebis donesTan SedarebiT, rac miuTiTebs „tvinebisgadinebis“ tendenciis arsebobaze. migrantTa yvelaze didi

nawili migrirebulia ruseTSi, migraciis maRali done

fiqsirdeba saberZneTis, italiis, TurqeTis mimaTulebebiT,sadac ZiriTadad, qali migrantebi mimReb ojaxebSi

SinameurneobasTan dakavSirebul zrunvis fuqncias asruleben.migrantTa mxolod 64.5%–s aqvs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba, xolo

maT 31.1%–s registracia - saqarTveloSi, rac migvaniSnebs, rommigrantTa es nawili moklebulia mimReb sazogadoebaSi

samoqalaqo uflebebs. migrantTa naxevari ojaxebs exmareba

fuladi gzavnilebiT, xolo daaxloebiT mesamedi gamgzavn

ojaxebs aranair finansur daxmarebas ar uwevs.

21

aleqsandre kuxianiZe

profesori, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis


birTvuli da radiologiuri usafrTxoebis muqara samxreT

kavkasiis regionSi: saqarTvelo da somxeTi

birTvuli da radiologiuri masalebis kontrabanda

saqarTvelos gavliT

birTvuli da radiologiuri masalebis Savi bazari dRes

faravs did teritorias atlantis okeanedan, wynar okeanemde.1990-iani wlebis bolodan eqspertebi miuTiTeben am masalebiT

kontrabandis mimarTulebis Secvlaze evropidan kavkasiisa da

centraluri aziisaken. es tendencia aRmaSfoTebelia axlo

aRmosavleTisa da samxreT aziaSi cxeli wertilebis siaxlovis

gamo. amitom, birTvuli da radiologiuri masalebis

kontrabanda kavkasiis regionis gavliT, specsamsaxurebis,mesazRvreebisa da mebaJeebis yuradRebis gansakuTrebuli

sagania.1997 wlidan saqarTvelo TanamSromlobs atomuri

energiis saerTaSoriso saagentosTan (IAEA) ukontrolod

mitovebuli radiaciuli masalebis Zebnisa da neitralizaciis

problemebze, personalis treningebisa da sasazRvro da sabaJo

gamSvebi punqtebis mowyobilobiT aRWurvaze. saqarTvelos mier

xelmowerili da ratificirebulia xelSekruleba birTvuli

iaraRis gauvrceleblobis Taobaze da 1998 wels miRebulia

kanoni birTvuli da radiaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb.kanonis mixedviT, radiaciuli narCenebis transportireba

saqarTvelos gavliT akrZalulia. ukanono gadatana

saqarTvelos sabaJo sazRvarze radiaciuli masalis an

mowyobilobis, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes masobrivi

ganadgurebis iaraRis Sesaqmnelad, isjeba Tavisuflebis

22

aRkveTiT vadiT xuTidan rva wlamde. msgavsi qmedeba, Cadenili

organizebuli jgufis mier, isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT

vadiT TerTmetidan TxuTmet wlamde.sabWoTa kavSiris ngrevis Semdeg, birTvuli da radiologiuri

masalebis kontrabanda saqarTvelos gavliT gadaiqca

seriozul problemad da amas xels uwyoben Semdegi faqtorebi:1. ukontrolod mitovebuli radiaciuli masalebis

arseboba;2. registrirebuli radiaciuli masalebis susti dacva;3. saxelmwifo sazRvris dacvis xarisxi;4. mosaxleobis “radiaciuli ganaTlebis” dabali done;5. siRaribis done qveyanaSi;6. ukontrolo separatistuli regionebi.

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi aRmoCenilia

300–mde ukontrolod mitovebuli radiaciuli wyaro. umetes

wilad es masalebi mitovebulia im sabWoTa da ruseTis jarebis

mier, romlebmac Tavis dros datoves saqarTvelos teritoria, ansaqarTvelos yofili sabWoTa organizaciebis mier

industriuli mSeneblobis adgilas. agreTve, sxvadasxva

kvleviT da samedicino organizaciebSi arsebobs daaxloebiT

1500 registirebuli wyaro, romelic cudi dacvis an Senaxvis

pirobebSi SeiZleba moiparon an saSiSi gaxdes adamianebisaTvis.cnobilia birTvuli da radiologiuri masalebis kontrabandis

ramdenime yvelaze saSiSi SemTxveva, romelic gadis

saqarTvelos teritoriiT da warmoadgens seriozul globalur

safrTxes. am kontrabandis gzebis umravlesoba gadis ruseTidan

saqarTvelos gavliT TurqeTSi an somxeTSi. yvelaze xSirad,kontrabandistebis dakaveba xdeboda operatiuli informaciis

safuZvelze da ara radiaciuli deteqtorebis meSveobiT,rogorc wesi, baTumSi an TbilisSi.

23

mewamoris atomuri sadguri rogorc regionuli da globaluri

usafrTxoebis muqara

bunebrivi katastrofisa da terorizmis kuTxiT, aranaklebad

saSiS problemas warmoadgens somxeTSi ganlagebuli mewamoris

atomuri eleqtrosadguri. mewamoris radiaciuli safrTxis

sakiTxis gadaWra damokidebulia ramdenime sxva problemasTan:somxeTis konfliqtze azerbaijanTan, urTierTobaze TurqeTTan

da axali atomuri sadguris mSeneblobis dafinansebasTan.amrigad, moZvelebuli mewamoris atomuri sadguris da

birTvuli da radiologiuri masalebis kontrabanda

warmoadgenen seriozul problemas regionuli da globaluri

usafrTxoebisaTvis. am problemis gadaWras abrkolebs

azerbaijanis mier somxeTis ekonomikuri blokada, somxeTis

ekonomikuri situste da adgilobriv doneze alternatiuli

energetikuli resursebis simwire.

24

hosein nazmfari


mohaReR ardabilis universiteti, irani

sivrce, sazogadoeba, uTanasworoba _ SemTxvevis analizi:

ardabilis provincia, irani

sawyis etapze socialuri samarTlianobis ganxilva

sivrculi da garemosTan dakavSirebuli samarTlis farglebSi

xdeboda. sivrculi samarTlianoba, rogorc geografiaze

dafuZnebuli programis erT–erTi sakvanZo sakiTxi, miznad

isaxavs geografiuli arealis macxovrebelTa saWiroebebis

dakmayofilebas. ganviTarebis indikatorebis mixedviT,

SeiniSneba ardabilis provinciis gare sivrculi zonebis

araTanabari sivrculi ganviTareba. warmodgenili moxsenebis

farglebSi vikvlevT da vafasebT qalaq ardabilis ganviTarebis

sivrcul samarTlianobas. kvleviTi midgoma efuZneba

gamoyenebiT deskriptul da analitikur meTods. statistikuri

weliwdeuli #1390–is mixedviT ardabilis provinciaSi

dasaxlebulia 10 qalaqi. sivrculi samarTlianobis

ganviTarebis donis Sesafaseblad gamoviyeneT 40 urbanuli

indikatori. maTi mniSvnelobis dasadgenad, TiToeuli

indikatori gaanalizda Saronis anTropiis meTodiT, xolo

qalaqebis ranJirebisaTvis gamoyenebul iqna ori – topsisa da

vikoris modelebi. radganac am ori modelis gamoyenebis Sedegad

miRebuli monacemebi zogjer araTavsebadi iyo, konsensusis

misaRwevad gamoviyeneT integraciis meTodi (saSualo rangi,zRvruli maCvenebeli, kouplendi). prezentaciaSi warmogidgenT

ardabilis provinciis qalaqebis ranJirebas.

25

daviT macaberiZe

asistent profesori,



putinis sainformacio politika da evropuli politikis

fragmentacia

naSromSi warmoCenilia putinis sainformacio

politikasa da evropul radikalur memarjvene partiebis

poziciebs Soris arsebuli Tanxvedrebi da kavSirebi

Tanamedrove evropaSi. miviCnevT, rom evropis radikaluri

memarjvene partiebis popularobis zrda ganpirobebulia ara

sagareo faqtorebiT (rusuli finansuri mxardaWera), aramed

evropuli integraciis Sida logikiT, romelic winaaRmdegobaSi

movida nacionaluri donis politikasTan. ruseTis federaciam,sainformacio politikis meSveobiT, moaxerxa araoficialuri

„mexuTe kolonis“ Seqmna evrokavSirSi, romelic gamoiyeneba

evropaSi rusuli interesebis arapirdapir lobirebasa da

radikalur memarjvene partiebze misi gavlenis

gavrcelebisaTvis. amgvarad, ruseTis federacias arapirdapiri

gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia evropis sxvadasxva qveynis

eleqtoratze. naSromSi evropaSi radikaluri memarjvene

partiebis popularobis zrda gaanalizebulia maT mier dRes

arsebuli ekonomikuri da migrantTa krizisis politikur

kapitalad gadaqcevis konteqstSi. nacionalur politikaze

koncentrireba, romelic xandaxan Zirs uTxris erTiani

evropuli poziciis Camoyalibebas sxvadasxva sakiTxze, erTi

mxriv, kidev ufro gaZlierdeba axali riskebis warmoSobisa da

sul ufro mzardi „xalxis xmis“ (Vox Populi) gamo, meore mxriv ki

daasustebs ruseTis agresiis Sekavebis politikas post-sabWoTa

qveynebSi da, amgvarad, gamarTldeba putinis/kremlis miznebi da

molodini.

26

fiqria asaniSvili



Tbilisis saxelwifo universiteti

iranis `rbili Zalis~ gavlena samxreT kavkasiis geopolitikaze

samxreT kavkasia mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs iranis

sagareo politikis dRis wesrigSi. iranis cdilobs samxreT

kavkasiis regionSi daabalansos is aRqmuli Tu realurad

arsebuli safrTxeebi, romlebic momdinareobs regionuli da

transregionuli saxelmwifoebis mxridan (TurqeTi, ruseTis

federacia da aSS). imisTvis, rom iranma am mizans miaRwios, igicdilobs ganimtkicos Tavisi poziciebi samxreT kavkasiaSi.

eraysa da siriaSi mimdinare konfliqtebis gamo, irans

garTulebuli aqvs energoresursebis transportireba evropaSi

xmelTaSua zRvis gavliT. Teirani cdilobs es danaklisi Savi

zRviT Caanacvlos saqarTvelos gavliT. amitom samxreT kavkasia

ara marto politikuri da strategiuli mniSvnelobis regionia

iranisTvis, aramed fanjarac, romelsac SeuZlia irani evropas

daukavSiros. aqedan gamomdinare, Teiranis gavlenis moZliereba

regionSi da sxva saxelwifoebis gavlenis dabalanseba Teiranis

mniSvnelovani sagareo politikuri amocanaa, romlis miRwevas

igi ZiriTadad, `rbili Zalis~ gamoyenebiT cdilobs.am statiis mizania warmoaCinos iranis `rbili Zalis~ buneba,

strategiebi da mimarTulebebi samxreT kavkasiaSi da maTi

gavlena regionis geopolitikaze.

27

terane amiraga Sirvanova

asistent profesori

azerbaijanis ekonomikis saxelmwifo universiteti

`rbili usafrTxoebis~ aRqma yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi:swrafva natoSi CarTulobisken Tu misi ignorireba?

yofili sabWoTa respublikebis erovnuli usafrTxoebis

koncefciebSi "rbili" an aratradiciuli safrTxeebis aRiareba

bolo aTwleulSi sul ufro metad ikidebs fexs. es xdeba natos

strategiuli doqtrinis TandaTanobiTi evoluciis

paralelurad - misi klasikuri miznidan - SenarCundes

kontinentur evropaSi ruseTTan efeqturi kontr-balansi

transnacionaluri usafrTxoebis Tanamegobrobis xedvamde -daicvas wevri saxelmwifoebi rogorc samxedro, ise ara-samxedro gamowvevebisgan, romlebic mTlianad sazogadoebaze

axdenen gavlenas. es statia ganixilavs urTierTmimarTebas

postsabWoTa qveynebSi `rbili usafrTxoebis~ aRqmasa da

damoukideblobis miRwevis Semdeg maT natosTan urTierTobas

Soris. SedarebiTi analizis saSualebiT vadarebT baltiis

qveynebis, aRmosavleT evropis/slavuri respublikebis, samxreTkavkasiisa da centraluri aziis ormxriv urTierTobebs

natosTan da damoukideblobis mopovebis periodidan dRemde

rbili safrTxeebis aRqmas am qveynebis oficialur saxelmwifo

dokumentebSi. natos politikis dinamika da `rbili

usafrTxebis~ identifikacia gansazRvravs, Tu ra TanxvedraSia

isini natos `rbili usafrTxoebis~ iniciativebTan,

usafrTxoebis daxmarebis politikis arapirdapir gavlenasTan

erovnuli Tu evraziis usafrTxoebis damoukidebel

miswrafebebTan, evropasa da ruseTs Soris ganaxlebuli

dapirispirebis alternativasTan, rogorc amas natos Semdgomi

gafarToebis momxreebi amtkiceben.

28

arda arikani

profesori,

akdenizis univer-siteti, TurqeTi

sirieli devnilebis asaxva Turqul karikaturebSi

Catarebuli kvlevebis mixedviT karikaturebi sakuTari

da sxvisi identobis konstruirebis saSualebaa. dokumentebis

analizi aCvenebs, rom maSin, roca mTeli istoriis ganmavlobaSi

karikaturebi asocirdebodnen propagandistul miznebTan, isinimainc gvevlinebodnen xelovnebis im formad, romelic moicavda

teqstsac da grafikasac, raTa mkiTxvels azri Camoyalibeboda

rogorc sityvebis, ise - karikaturebis meSveobiT, ZiriTadad,

iumoristuli gziT. miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianebi

karikaturis arss aRiqvamen uSualod im kulturuli,socialuri, politikuri Tu situaciuri konteqstis

mniSvnelobebiT im momentSi, rodesac maTze es masala

zemoqmedebs, aSkaraa, rom karikaturis Sinaarsi atarebs

gzavnilebs da mosazrebebs, romlebic advilad gansasazRvria,gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac isini ganixileba konteqstis

miniSnebebTan mimarTebiT, romelic ganuyofelia am vizualuri

da teqstualuri masalebisgan. rogorc kvleva aCvenebs, xSir

SemTxvevaSi, karikaturebi gamoyenebulia ideebisa da

informaciis lakonurad gadmosacemad im vrceli verbaluri

sakiTxavi masalisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic uamrav dros

akargvinebs rogorc mwerals, ise mkiTxvels. karikaturebi

aRiqmeba, rogorc teqstebi, romelTac SeuZliaT xalxis azris

formireba, Sesabamisad, aqvT mravalmxriv mniSvnelovani

funqciuri datvirTva da Rirebuleba, gansakuTrebiT maSin,rodesac politikuri atmosfero daZabulia, maRalia cenzura

da dabalia wignierebis done. radgan davadastureT, rom

karikaturas SeuZlia xalxis azris formireba, am statiis

29

mizania, gavigoT, rogor xdeba siriel ltolvilebze Seqmnili

karikaturebis saSualebiT, maT mimarT Turqi mosaxleobis

azris formireba. sirieli ltolvilebis Sesaxeb suraTebis

detaluri internet-Ziebis Sedegad Segrovda 37 karikatura; es

koleqcia gaanalizda kontent-analizis gamoyenebiT.gaanalizebisas, sawyis etapze, yvela suraTs mieniWa ricxviTi

kodi. Sedga sia, romelSic TiToeuli kodis qveS daiwera

Sesabamisi personaJisa da teqsturi elementis naratiuli

aRwera. amis Semdeg karikaturebi gaerTianda Sesabamisi

kategoriebis qveS ZiriTadi Temebis mixedviT. am analitikuri

proceduris Sedegebi gadamowmda mkvlevris mier, romelic

iyenebda kontent-analizs Tavis kvlevaSi, roca aswavlida

bakalavriatisa da magistraturis safexurebze kursebs,romlebic moicavda Teoriul axsnasa da am teqnikis gamoyenebis

safexurebs. analizi dasrulda maSin, rodesac TanxvedraSi

movida karikaturis TavisTavadi da mkiTxvelis TvaliT

danaxuli mniSvnelobebi. kvlevis mixedviT sirieli

ltolvilebi karikaturebSi asaxulni arian, rogorc biznesSi

eqspluatirebuli pirebi, romelnic ganixilebian samomavlo

eleqtoratad, adamianebad, romelTagan SeiZleba politikuri

sargeblis miReba. karikaturebSi aseve Cans humanuri poziciebic,romlebic mimarTulia im sirieli bavSvebisa da qalebis

interesebis dacvisken, romelTa uflebebi Selaxulia da

daukmayofilebeli aqvT egzistenciuri saWiroebebi.

30

mariam gersamia,



maia toraZe




axalgazrda Jurnalistebis dasaqmeba mediis Sromis bazarze

kvlevis mizania, dadgindes, ra moTxovnebi aqvT da ra

kriteriumebs (codnas, unarebs, ganaTlebas) iTvaliswineben

damsaqmeblebi axalgazrda Jurnalistebis dasaqmebisas, an

staJirebisas; ra rekomendaciebs sTavazoben mediis ganaTlebis

seqtors da sxv. kvleva aqtualuria rogorc saganmanaTleblo

programebis modernizaciis, ise akreditaciis standartebisa da

damsaqmeblis moTxovnebis Sesabamisobis dadgenis kuTxiT.savele kvleva (damsaqmebelebis gamokiTxva) Catarda 2016

wlis seqtember-oqtombris TveebSi.kvlevisTvis gamoyenebulia raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi

kontent-analizi. kvlevis instrumentad gamoyenebulia kiTxvari

(Ria da daxurul-boloiani kiTxvebiT). gamoikiTxa 25mediaorganizaciis warmomadgeneli.

pasuxi gaeca Semdeg kvleviT kiTxvebs:

ra kriteriumebis mixedviT asaqmeben axalgazrda

Jurnalistebs saqarTveloSi? ra kompetenciebs (codnasda unarebs) aniWeben upiratesobas damsaqmeblebi?

31

aris Tu ara mniSvnelovani faqtori dasaqmebisas, Tu romeli

universitetis kursdamTavrebulia Jurnalisti? aqvs Tu ara

mas Jurnalistis kvalifikaciis damadasturebeli diplomi

an sxva dargobrivi kompetencia?socialuri da profesiuli kavSirebi zrdis dasaqmebis

SesaZleblobas. saqarTveloSi gamokiTxuli mediasaSualebebis

mxolod 40%-Si aris staJireba anazRaurebadi. staJioris

ayvanisas, profesiul da/an axloblis rekomendacia 89%-isTvis

aris mniSnelovani. rac Seexeba dasaqmebas, mxolod 59% miiCnevs

rekomendaciis faqtors sayuradRebod.saqarTveloSi Jurnalistad dasaqmebisas yvelaze metad

mniSvnelobas aniWeben „weris unars“. gamokiTxuli

damsaqmeblebis 88% miiCnevs, rom es unari mniSvnelovani an

Zalian mniSvnelovania. 76 % miiCnevs, rom dedlainze muSaobis

unari aris mniSvnelovani. igive procentuli raodenoba

mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs axal teqnologiebze muSaobis unars, 80% miiCnevs, rom axali ambebis/Temebis moZiebis da damuSavebis

unari aris mniSvnelovani. damsaqmebelTa 52 %-isTvis

mniSvnelovania konkretuli sferos siRrmiseuli codna.kvlevam ar gamokveTa romelime universitetis

kursdamTavrebulis Jurnalistad dasaqmebis upiratesoba. am

kuTxiT, ucxouri kvlevebisgan gansxvavebiT, mediabazarze iseTi

elituri universitetebi, romelTa diplomi erTgvar bonuss

warmoadgens dasaqmebisas mkafiod ar ikveTeba. damsaqmeblebis

azriT, kursdamTavrebulebi universitetebSi yvelaze metad

iReben Teoriul codnas da yvelaze naklebad - dargobriv

kompetenciebs. arada, gamokiTxulTa 84% Jurnalistad

dasaqmebisas, upiratesobas aniWebs sxva sferoSi miRebul

dargobriv kompetenciebs. gamokiTxulTa absoluturi

umravlesoba ixreba im azrisken, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania

praqtikuli codnisa da unarebis SeZena.

32

Jurnalisturi ganaTlebis samomavlo diskusiebisTvis

damsaqmeblebs mniSvnelovnad miaCniaT rigi sakiTxebi, romlebic

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis programebis

akreditaciis standartebis moTxovnebTan pirdapir

SesabamisobaSi modis. kvlevis Sedegad SemuSavda

rekomendaciebi.

33

r. jeferson jorji

ufrosi leqtori,

CrdiloeT texasis universiteti, aSS

onlain samagistro programis ganviTareba

saganmanaTleblo liderobaSi

2012 wels, saganmanTleblo liderobis samagistro

programa misaReb studentTa raodenobis klebis, dafinansebisada personalis Semcirebis saSiSroebis winaSe aRmoCnda.CrdiloeT texasis universitetma mxardaWera gamoucxada

swavlebis axal daCqarebul onlain programas, romelic

xarisxis miniWebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda. am procesis

xelSewyobis mizniT, universitetma axali programis

damkvidrebas daxmareba gauwia sakredito TanxiT,teqnologiuri mxardaWeriTa da marketingiT. programa

amoqmedda 2013 wlis zafxulSi 16 studentis monawileobiT,romlebic imTaviTve sawyis or kursze iyvnen

daregistrirebulni. Semodgomis semestrSi ki, onlain kursis

gavlis msurvelTa raodenoba 54 studentamde gaizarda. onlain

programaze CaricxulTa raodenobis zrdis gamo, gamudmebiT

xdeboda saswavlo kursebis ganaxleba da modelireba. xarisxismisaRebad SeTavazebul iqna 12 savaldebulo onlain kursi.prezentaciaSi warmodgenilia onlain programis ganviTarebis

procesi da ganxilulia aucilebeli elementebi, romlebic

onlain programis warmatebas ganapirobebs. programa me-4 welia

warmatebulad muSaobs, hyavs 450-ze meti sertificirebuli

kursdamTavrebuli da 350-dan 400-mde aqtiuri studenti.gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba imas, Tu ram ganapiroba

programis warmateba da mdgradoba, programis saWiroebebidan

34

gamomdinare damxmare kadrebis gamoyeneba da kursis Sinaarsis

mudmivi gadaxedva Semdgomi ganaxlebis mizniT.

samira karaeva

azerbaijanis erovnuli mecnierebaTa akademiis arqeologiisa da

eTnografiis institutis eTnosociologiuri

kvlevebis ganyofilebis mecnier-TanamSromeli

genderuli sakiTxis problemebi azerbaijanSi

pirvelad muslimur aRmosavleTSi, 1918 wels,azerbaijanSi, qalebs mieniWaT xmis micemis ufleba. pirveli

saero skola muslimi gogonebisaTvis gaixsna baqoSi, pirveli

opera da baleti aRmosavleTSi pirvelad aseve daidga

azerbaijanSi.

2014 wels genderuli Tanasworobis donis mixedviT

azerbaijanma daikava 94-e adgili 142-dan Global Gender Gap Index

reitingSi - dRes Cven ukve waviwieT kidev ramdenime safexuriT. esniSnavs, rom bolo wlebSi azerbaijaneli qalebis mdgomareoba

sazogadoebriv da politikur sferoebSi, mamakacebTan

SedarebiT, gaumjobesebulia. amasTan, azerbaijanSi arc Tu ise

cotaa qalTa uflebebis darRvevis faqtebi. qalis mdgomareoba

SeiZleba Sefasdes ojaxSi movaleobebis tradiciuli

gadanawilebis prizmiT. rogorc cnobilia, azerbaijanSi qali

ZiriTadad realizdeba rogorc meuRle da deda. qalTa

sazogadoebis „racionaluri ganviTarebisaTvis“ Tavmjdomaris

Sahla ismailovas TqmiT, arseboben qalebi, romlebic ganicdian

diskriminacias swored genderuli niSniT, sakmarisi codnisa da

unarebis miuxedavad. `qals, romelsac ar SeuZlia daicvas

Tavisi uflebebi, aqvs damatebiTi valdebulebebi – qali ufro

da ufro asocirdeba ojaxTan, viwro sazogadoebriv wresTan,

35

sazogadoebaSi mas ar aRiareben rogorc liders. amasTan,arsebobs Sinagani barierebic. qalebs ar ukaviaT wamyvani

Tanamdebobebi kompaniebsa da mmarTvelobiT organoebSi, Tqven

Tu naxavT erT qals, isic ukeTes SemTxvevaSi. qalis buneba,dedoba aseve uSlis xels muSaobas. mas ar SeuZlia datovos

bavSvi da gavides samsaxurSi, Tu ar iqneba ojaxis mxardaWera“.

saerTaSoris safinanso korporaciis kvlevis mixedviT,kursdamTavrebul qalTa ricxvidan mxolod 12% iRebs biznes-ganaTlebas, 33% mamakacTan SedarebiT. 2013 wlis gaeros

ganviTarebis programis angariSis monacemebiT, azerbaijanSi

dasaqmebulia qalebis 67% da mamakacebis 77%. es gadaxra

„aixsneba“ gavrcelebuli azriT imis Sesaxeb, rom qalebi,rogorc wesi, viRacis kmayofaze arian. statistikis mixedviT,qalebi iSviaTad arian dasaqmebulebi wamyvan Tanamdebobebze,

kerZod ki, 22% saxelmwifo seqtorSi da mxolod 5% - kerZo

seqtorSi.

e. w. sakanonmdeblo mzrunveloba qalze, aZlierebs

azerbaijanuli sazogadoebis patriarqalur models. qalis

monawileoba navTobisa da gazis seqtorSi SezRudulia -

mxolod 10%.

qalebi Warboben iseT seqtorebSi, rogoric aris

jandacva da socialuri dacva (76.5%), ganaTleba (67.7), kerZo

seqtorSi, uZravi qonebis (51%), kavSirgabmulobis (33.3%),

personalTan muSaobisa da momsaxurebis gawevis dargebSi.magram Sromis anazRaureba am seqtorebSi Zalze dabalia

cxovrebis normaluri donis uzrunvelyofisaTvis.

reprezentatuli kvlevis mixedviT, mcire da saSualo biznesSi

qalebis ricxvi Seadgens 8%-dan 14% -mde. qalebi iwyeben bizness,ZiriTadad, sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis dargSi, aseve

xsnian teqstilis maRaziebsa da esteTikuri medicinis centrebs,

im dros, roca mamakacebi, ZiriTad, muSaoben mSeneblobisa da

momsaxurebis sferoebSi. azerbaijani, rogorc sxva qveynebi,

36

dRes dgas demografiuli problemis winaSe - bolo 20 wlis

ganmavlobaSi mamakacTa ricxvma uecrad imata, mosaxleobaSi

genderuli Tanafardoba gaTanabrda. dedebi arc Tu ise

iSviaTad gadascemen genderuli diskriminaciis Cvevas

axalgazrda Taobas. „qalTa da mamakacTa ricxvis Tanafardobis

cvlilebam SeiZleba migviyvanos sqesTa disbalansamde. amitom

saWiroa seleqciuri abortebis Tavidan acilebis zomebis

gaZliereba da aseve jandacvis saministrosTan da sxva Sesabamis

struqturebTan erTad gavaZlieroT kontroli am problemaze“(ojaxis, qalTa da bavSvTa problemebis saxelmwifo komitetis

Tavmjdomare x. guseinova).

niazi mehti (xelovnebis universiteti) – „siRaribis done

azerbaijanSi imdenad maRalia, rom, vfiqrob, stereotipebis

miuxedavad, mamakacs unda, rom misma meuRlem imuSaos da

Semoitanos fuli ojaxSi. vfiqrob, rom ekonomikuri situacia

asustebs stereotipebis Zalas“.

2006 wlidan azerbaijanSi moqmedebs kanoni „genderuli

Tanasworobis Sesaxeb~ da 2010 wlidan - kanoni „sayofacxovreboZaladobis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb“. magram genderuli

Tanasworobis CamoyalibebisaTvis aucilebelia gadafaseba

damkvidrebuli qcevis normebisa da socialur-sazogadoebrividatvirTvis, romelsac qalebi atareben.

37

giorgi kvinikaZe

asistent profesori,



gardamavali ekonomikis mqone patara qveynebis geoekonomikuri

problemebi profesor aleqsandre rondelis SromebSi

„dRevandel msoflioSi samxedro Zalis gamoyeneba aRar ganixileba

rogorc yvelafris wamali“aleqsandre rondeli

geoekonomika SedarebiT axali dargia socialur

mecnierebebSi da sul ramdenime aTeul wels iTvlis.saqarTveloSi geoekonomikuri Seferilobis kvlevebis gamoCena

„civi omis“ Semdgom periods (ufro konkretulad ki 1990-ani

wlebis meore naxevari) ukavSirdeba. am mxriv, qarTvelma

mecnierebma, gansakuTrebiT ki saqarTvelos strategiisa da

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondisa da Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis yofilma da moqmedma TanamSromlebma

SesaniSnavi baza Seqmnes saqarTveloSi geoekonomikuri

kvlevebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. Tumca, saqarTveloSi

geoekonomika jerjeobiT Zalzed nela, magram mainc mkvidrdeba.

swored amitom, relevanturia geoekonomikuri Seferilobis im

samecniero publikaciebis Seswavla da analizi, romlebmac

safuZveli Cauyares geoekonomikuri kvlevebs saqarTveloSi. am

mxriv, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia cnobili qarTveli mecnieris

prof. aleqsandre rondelis mecnieruli memkvidreoba. mis

naSromebSi geoekonomikur konteqsts aSkarad gamokveTili

xasiaTi aqvs da xSirad geoekonomikis ganviTarebis perspeqtiul

xedvasac afiqsirebs (es momenti kargad Cans, roca saqme exeba

swori geoekonomikuri strategiis arCevis sakiTxebs

gardamavali ekonomikis mqone patara qveynebSi).

38

a.rondeli SesaniSnavad axerxebs saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis

Teoriis morgebas (gansakuTrebiT kompleqsuri

urTierTdamokidebulebis) Tanamedrove geoekonomikur

paradigmasTan rac, aRniSnuli tipis qveynebisaTvis,

geoekonomikuri strategiis agebis unikaluri saxelmZRvaneloa.profesoris SromebSi Tanamedrove geoekonomikuri strategiis

realizaciis instrumentebis (rogorc TavdacviTi, ise SeteviTi)

mTeli arsenalia warmodgenili, romelTa mxolod nawilis

mokrZalebuli analizia mocemuli winamdebare naSromSi.

statiis daskvniT nawilSi, a.rondelis naSromebis safuZvelze,agebulia patara qveynebSi geoekonomikis ganviTarebis

perspeqtivebis zogadi konstruqcia da determinirebulia

geoekonomikuri strategiis ZiriTadi veqtorebi.

39

malxaz macaberiZe

profesori, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti

ivane javaxiSvili da saqarTvelos istoriul-strategiuli

sazRvrebis koncefcia

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis

periodSi (1918-1921) aqtualuri iyo axali saxelmwifos

sazRvrebis sakiTxi, romelTa mimarTac mezobeli qveynebi

seriozul pretenziebs acxadebdnen.

ivane javaxiSvilma, romelsac imdroindeli

xelisufleba xSirad mimarTavda rogorc eqsperts

sazRvrebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas, gansazRvra is amosavali

principebi, romliTac unda exelmZRvanelaT saqarTvelos

sazRvrebis dadgenisas:

- saqarTvelos istoriulad Camoyalibebuli, mkafiod

gamijnuli sazRvrebi aqvs, romlis farglebSic qveyana

arsebobda da viTardeboda saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi;

- istoriuli sazRvrebi emTxveva bunebriv zRudeebs da

qveynisTvis strategiulad mniSvnelovania, radganac swored

mis farglebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos SeuZlia

stabiluri ganviTareba da Tavdacva;

- istoriul-strategiuli sazRvrebis koncefciidan

gamomdinare, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv interesebs

ewinaaRmdegeba e.w. “eTnografiuli” sazRvrebis principi;

- sazRvrebis sakiTxSi saqarTvelos mTavroba yovelTvis

saxelmwifoebrivi interesebiT unda xelmZRvanelobdes; ara

aqvs mniSvneloba romelime mxaris mosaxleobis dRevandel

eTnikur Semadgenlobas, Tuki is istoriulad saqarTvelos

ekuTvnoda da strategiulad mniSvnelovania qveynis

Tavdacvisa da socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

TvalsazrisiT;

40

- mezoblebTan urTierTobis mosawesrigeblad

sazRvrebis sakiTxSi SeiZleba garkveul daTmobebze wasvla

da sasazRvro xazis Sesworeba, oRond ise, rom

saxelmwifoebrivi interesebi ar dazaraldes.

ivane javaxiSvilis Tvalsazrisi saqarTvelos

istoriul-strategiuli sazRvrebis Sesaxeb Camoyalibebulia

mis naSromSi “saqarTvelos sazRvrebi” (1919 w.), aseve

warmodgenilia im saarqivo da sagazeTo masalebSi, rac

ukavSirdeba ivane javaxiSvilis praqtikul saqmianobas

saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan dakavSirebiT.

1918 wlis bolos ivane javaxiSvilma didi yuradReba

dauTmo da daasabuTa, Tu rogori unda yofiliyo

saqarTvelo-somxeTis sazRvris istoriul-strategiuli xazi.

ivane javaxiSvili aseve aqtiurad CaerTo 1919 wlis zafxulSi

Seqmnil samTavrobo uwyebaTSorisi komisiis muSaobaSi da

Camoayaliba Tvalsazrisi saqarTvelos CrdiloeTi sazRvris

centraluri monakveTis Taobaze.

ivane javaxiSvilis mier SemuSavebuli istoriul-

strategiuli sazRvrebis koncefcia gaiziara saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis mmarTvelma partiam – social-

demokratiam, miuxedavad imisa, rom “eTnografiuli

sazRvrebis” idea adre popularuli iyo memarcxene

politikur Zalebs Soris. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1919 wels

damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebis dros socialist-

revolucionerTa partia kvlav “eTnografiuli sazRvrebis”

lozungiT gamodioda.

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis

periodSi saqarTvelom met-naklebad moaxerxa qveynis

istoriul-strategiuli sasazRvro xazis aRdgena, rasac mZime

dartyma miadga saqarTvelos sabWoTa okupaciis periodSi.

ivane javaxiSvili sabWoTa periodSic cdilobda

saqarTvelosTvis mniSvnelovani sasazRvro xazis

SenarCunebas, razec metyvelebs misi mimarTva saqarTvelos

sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi, Tumca uSedegod.

41

ivane javaxiSvilis mier Camoyalibebuli saqarTvelos

istoriul-strategiuli sazRvrebis koncefcia mniSvnelovania

Tanamedrove pirobebSi, dRevandeli viTarebis gaanalizebis

TvalsazrisiTac.

42

valerian doliZe

asistent-profesori,



demokratiis mesame talRa da postkomunisturi

demokratizacia: saqarTvelos SemTxveva

garegnuli msgavsebis miuxedavad, postkomunisturi

sivrcis demokratizacia arsebiTad gansxvavdeba

demokratizaciis mesame talRisagan. aq mimdinare

demokratizaciis uSualo funqcias warmoadgens ara

demokratiis, aramed axali tipis sazogadoebis Seqmna. amitom

misi mniSvneloba, mesame talRisagan gansxvavebiT, ar

Semoifargleba mxolod politikuri sistemis SecvliT da

moicavs sazogadoebis yvela sferos. garda amisa, evropis,

laTinuri amerikis, aziisa da afrikis qveynebSi mimdinare

demokratizaciebisagan gansxvavebiT, gacilebiT ufro

Zlieria postkomunisturi demokratizaciebis saerTaSoriso

mniSvneloba. maT Rrma da fundamenturi gavlena moaxdines

msoflio politikaze: Secvales msoflios politikuri ruka.

postkomunisturi demokratizaciebi ssrk-Si dawyebuli

demokratizaciis gagrZelebas warmoadgenen, romelmac

daSala sabWoTa saxelmwifo, ramac wonasworobidan

gamoiyvana saerTaSoriso sistema. postkomunisturi

demokratizaciebis Taviseburebebis warmoSobis umTavresi da

ganmsazRvreli faqtoria “realuri socializmis” politikuri

sistemis specifika, romlis produqtsac warmoadgenda mTeli

sazogadoeba da romelic gamsWvalavda da akontrolebda mis

yvela sferos, ekonomikidan dawyebuli da kulturiT

damTavrebuli. amitom postkomunisturi demokratizacia

niSnavda ara mxolod politikuri sistemis, aramed

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferos arsebiTi xasiaTis

transformacias, ramac demokratizacia aqcia im faqtorad,

43

romelmac warmoSva Rrma totaluri cvlilebebi mTel

sazogadoebaSi. postkomunisturi demokratizaciebis

gansakuTrebul SemTxvevas warmoadgens postsabWoTa sivrcis

demokratizacia, romlis Tavisebureba warmoSva ssrk-s

politikuri sistemis unikalurma xasiaTma. misma daSlam

gamoiwvia intensiuri aRmavali da damavali socialur

gadaadgilebebi, romlebmac societaluri interesebi

daumorCiles viwro pirovnulsa da jgufur interesebs, ramac

daamuxruWa demokratizaciebi postsabWoTa trasformaciebis

umravles SemTxvevaSi. societaluri cvlilebebis gavlena

gansakuTrebiT mZimed aisaxa saqarTveloze, sadac samoqalaqo

omi politikuri reJimis Secvlis Semadgenel nawilad iqca.

damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos dRis

wesrigi gadatvirTuli aRmoCnda ramdenime stategiuli

mniSvnelobis amocaniT, romlebic dauyonebliv gadawyvetas

moiTxovdnen, magram maTi erTdroulad gadawyvetis resursebi

qveyanas ar gaaCnda. esenia: 1. axali saxelmwifos Seqmna;

2. politikuri reJimis formireba; 3. teritoriuli

mTlianobis aRdgena; 4. politikuri eris formireba; 5. axali

sazogadoebis Seqmna. yvela am problemis gadawyvetis

aucilebel pirobas ki warmoadgenda saTanado ekonomikuri

resursebis arseboba. sabWoTa politikurma sistemam warmoSva

saxalxo sameurneo kompleqsi, romelic erTmaneTTan

akavSirebda mokavSire respublikebs. amitom sabWoTa sistemis

demokratizaciam, romelmac gamoiwvia saqarTvelos mier

damoukideblobis mopoveba, gamoiwvia am sistemis daSla,

ramac saqarTveloSi erTbaSad gaauaresa is ekonomikuri

parametrebi, romlebic hantingtonis mixedviT, aucilebelia

demokratizaciis dasawyebad da mis demokratiad

gardasaqmnelad. mesame talRis demokratizacia, faqtiurad

stabilur societalur garemoSi mimdinareobda. is ar

ukavSirdeboda ekonomikuri sistemis iseT Rrma cvlilebebs,

rogoric aris sakuTrebis formebis Secvla da erTiani

ekonomikuri sistemis dezintegracia. saqarTveloSi aseTma

Rrma socialur–ekonomikurma cvlilebebma Ziri gamouTxares

44

qveynis saxelmwifoebriobas da dRis wesrigSi daayenes ara

mxolod axali saxelmwifos, aramed axali ekonomikuri

sistemis Seqmnac. mesame talRisagan gansxvavebiT,

saqarTveloSi demokratizacia ufro instrumentul

Rirebulebas wamoadgenda, rogorc damoukideblobis miRwevis

saSualeba da ara mizans, amitom sabWoTa kavSiridan

gamosvlis Semdeg, myardeba avtoritaruli reJimi, romelic

emxoba SeiaraRebuli ajanyebisa da samoqalaqo omis Sedegad.

aman kidev ufro gaarTula demokratizaciis procesis

dawyeba saqarTveloSi. avtoritaruli reJimi, romelic

damyarda gamsaxurdias dros, am ukanasknelis damxobis

Sedegad, gadavida liberalizaciis stadiaze, SevardnaZis

mmarTvelobis periodSi. liberalizaciidan demokratizaciaze

gadasvla daamuxruWa “vardebis revoluciam”. saqarTveloSi

demokratizaciis procesebis ganaxlebis dasawyisad SeiZleba

miviCnioT 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi.

45

zviad abaSiZe

asistent–profesori,



xelisuflebis danawileba da mmarTvelobis formebi

aRmosavleT–centralur evropasa da saqarTveloSi

komunisturi banakis, met–naklebad yvela qveynisTvis

problematuri aRmoCnda xelisuflebis danawilebis axali

meqanizmebis SemuSaveba da mmarTvelobis formebis danergva.

maT winaSe ori amocana iyo: 1) SeeqmnaT demokratiuli

xelisufleba, romelic konstitucionalizmis ideas

daefuZneboda da 2) SeeqmnaT xelisufleba, romelic erTi

mxriv aRmofxvrida avtoritarizmis safrTxes, magram meore

mxriv efeqturi da qmediTi iqneboda. saamisod, aRmosavleT–

centraluri evropis qveynebis umravlesoba hibriduli

mmarTvelobebis Seqmnis gzas daadgnen, romelsac zogierT

SemTxvevaSi ufro saparlamento–saprezidento, xolo

zogierT SemTxvevaSi saprezidento–saparlamento SeiZleba

ewodos.

saqarTvelo, kidev erTxel adgas konstituciuri

reformebis gzas, romlis saboloo produqti jer kidev

ucnobia, Tumca saproeqto debulebebis mixedviT, igi ufro

wminda saparlamento mmarTvelobisken ixreba, sadac

gaTvaliswinebuli araa mTavrobis koaliciur reJimSi

Camoyalibebis procesi. warmodgenili moxsenebis mizania,

naTelyos aRmosavleT–evropuli qveynebis gamocdilebis

mniSvneloba Tanamedrove saqarTvelosTvis.

46

irina biWikaSvili




kulturis gamoyeneba politikaSi: istoriuli analogiebi

termini „kultura“ mravalaspeqtiani cnebaa da

dakavSirebulia cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferosTan. Cven

gvainteresebs kulturis mmarTvelobiTi zegavlena, romelic

xorcieldeba mediis meSveobiT. mmarTvelobiTi zegavlenis

Seswavlisas aucileblad ganixileba msoflmxedvelobiTi

aspeqtic, romelic damaxasiaTebelia yoveli eTnikuri

jgufisaTvis da aq aucilebeli gaxdeba eqskursi romantizmis

epoqaSi (me-18-19 ss).dRes anTropologebi kulturas ganixilaven ara marto

rogorc biologiuri evoluciis produqts, aramed rogorc

meqanizms, romelic xels uwyobs adamians garesamyarosTan

adaptaciaSi. anTropologebis azriT, civilizaciis arsebobis

ganmavlobaSi yovelma sazogadoebam miiRo monawileoba

sakuTari kulturis gavrcelebaSi, sxva kulturebTan

urTierTSeRwevasa da TavsmoxvevaSi.terminebi „kulturkampfi“, „kulturTregeri“,

„kulturuli imperializmi“, „soft faueri“ - erTiani koncefciaa

da niSnavs Semotanili ideebisa da faseulobebis eqspansias ama

Tu im sazogadoebaSi. es ideebi da faseulobani SeiZleba ar iyos

saziano, magram isini Tavsmoxveulia da ar gauvliaT istoriuli

aprobaciis gza.„soft faueris“ gamoyenebis istoriuli magaliTi aqvs

saqarTvelosac, sadac me-20 saukunis 20-ian wlebSi gamoicemoda

gazeTi „zaria vostoka“ (gamocema Sewyda 1991 wels). 95 wlis win

gamocemuli gazeTi Seicavs mraval damadasturebel magaliTs

47

„soft faueris“ dadebiTi zegavlenis Sesaxeb, rasac ganvixilav

Cems moxsenebaSi.revaz jorbenaZe



marex deviZe

doqtoranti, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis


socialuri aqsiomebis struqtura da pirovnebis qceva

naSromSi socialuri aqsiomebi ganxilulia sakuTari

Tavisa da sxva adamianebis, sulieri da fizikuri samyaros,socialuri garemos mimarT ganzogadoebuli rwmenebis saxiT.ganxilulia socialuri aqsiomebis ZiriTadi funqciebi,socialuri aqsiomebis mimarTeba damokidebulebebTan da

RirebulebebTan. rac Seexeba socialuri aqsiomebis pirovnebis

qcevasTan kavSirs is sxvadasxva modelis mixedviTaa ganxiluli.socialuri aqsiomebis gazomvis sakiTxi kros-kulturuli

kvlevebis kuTxiTaa gadmocemuli. socialuri qcevis

regulaciaSi socialur aqsiomebs mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba,sxva parametrebTan erTad.

48

naTela donaZe




ojaxi, rogorc Rirebuleba: saqarTvelosa da dasavleTis

qveynebis SedarebiTi analizi

XXI saukune maRalinstitucionalizebuli sazogadoebebiT

xasiaTdeba. iseTi socialuri institutebi, rogoricaa ojaxi,

religia, politika, ganaTleba, samarTali, ekonomika, masmedia

da sxv., did rols TamaSobs nebismieri sazogadoebis

funqcionirebasa da ganviTarebaSi, aseve, calkeuli

individebis cxovrebaSi. institutebs Soris gansakuTrebuli

adgili ukavia ojaxs, pirvelad socialur jgufsa da

socializaciis erT–erT ZiriTad agents.Cemi mizania, ganvixilo ojaxi, rogorc Rirebuleba,

vaCveno misdami gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebi saqarTvelosa

da dasavleTis zogierT qveyanaSi. analizis safuZvlad

gamoviyene im empiriuli raodenobrivi kvlevebis Sedegebi,romlebic Caatara „evropuli Rirebulebebis atlasma“ 2008 wels

da „msoflio RirebulebaTa kvlevam“ 2014 wels. aRniSnuli

kvlevebis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebis Sedarebis saSualebiT,gavaanalize saqarTvelosa da ramdenime dasavluri qveynis

mosaxleobis damokidebulebebi ojaxisadmi, rogorc

Rirebulebisadmi.yoveli sazogadoebis adekvaturad daxasiaTeba

SesaZlebelia misi kulturis, kerZod ki, RirebulebaTa sistemis

SeswavliT. Rirebuleba, garkveulwilad, aris obieqturisa da

subieqturis erTianoba. igi obieqturia, radgan exeba

adamianebisagan damoukideblad arsebul realobas;amavdroulad, igi subieqturia, radgan masSi asaxulia subieqtis

mier danaxuli obieqturi realoba.

49

pirovnebebs obieqturi realobisadmi aqvT rogorc

SemecnebiTi, ise SefasebiTi damokidebuleba. SefasebiT

damokidebulebas, Cveulebriv, axasiaTebs subieqtivizmi, rac

ganpirobebulia iseTi sxvadasxva faqtoriT, rogoricaa

sazogadoebis tipi, misi socialur–ekonomikuri, politikuri,samarTlebrivi, kulturuli da sxv. mdgomareoba, agreTve,individis sqesi, asaki, socialuri statusi, warmoSoba,ganaTleba, ekonomikur mdgomareoba, politikuri orientacia,cxovrebiseuli da profesiuli gamocdileba, ojaxuri

mdgomareoba, Rirebulebebi, RirebulebiTi orientacia,RirebulebiTi sistema da sxva.

Sedareba naTlad gviCvenebs gansxvavebuli pirovnebebis

sxvadasxva damokidebulebas ojaxisadmi, rogorc sazogadoebis

erT–erTi umniSvnelovanesi Rirebulebisadmi.globalizacia aris procesi, romlis drosac,

garkveulwilad, xdeba, sxvadasxva kulturis universalizacia.es, ra Tqma unda, did safTxes uqmnis qveynebis erovnul,tradiciul Rirebulebebs, gansakuTrebiT, mcirericxovani

erebis kulturebs.f. fukuiamas azriT, modernizaciis Sedegad yvela qveyena

aucileblad miiRebs dasavlur Rirebulebebs da es iqneba

„istoriis dasasruli“ an msoflioSi liberaluri demokratiis

udidesi gamarjveba.sapirispiro mosazrebas gamoTqvams i.a. vasilenko. misi

azriT, dasavleTelTa imedi, rom sxva xalxebi modernizaciis

gziT gaxdebian iseTebi, rogorebic Tavad arian, es dasavluri

azrovnebis egocentruli iluziaa. igi samarTlianad miiCnevs,rom globalizacias, SesaZloa, mohyves ukureaqcia. dasavluri

Rirebulebebis propagandas TiToeuli kultura mihyavs

mSobliuri kulturis RirebulebaTa dacvisken, dasavluri

Rirebulebebisadmi winaaRmdegobis gawevisken.

50

„msoflio RirebulebaTa kvlevisa“ da „evropuli

Rirebulebebis atlasis“ mier Catarebul kvlevSi naTlad Cans es

ukutendencia. miuxedavad dasavleTisa da dasavluri

Rirebulebebisaken (rogoricaa adamianTa uflebebi, sityvis

Tavisufleba, tolerantoba, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba,samoqalaqo uflebebi da sxv.) ltolvisa, saqarTvelos

mosaxleoba afasebs da icavs erovnul Rirebulebebs,tradiciebs, adaT–wesebsa da sxva. aRsaniSnavia, rom mas aqvs

ojaxisadmi, rogorc erovnuli kulturis erT–erTi mTavari

Rirebulebisadmi, tradiciuli damokidebuleba.

51

marina burZeniZe




marine qevxiSvili

doqtoranti, ivane javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

socialuri mediis praqtika da qarTuli samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis organizaciebi

naSromi warmoadgens qarTuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

organizaciebis (CSOs) mier socialuri mediis gamoyenebis

praqtikis kvlevas. Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi socialuri

mediis gamoyenebas multifunqciuri xasiaTi aqvs. samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis organizaciebi mas TavianT saqmianobaSi

sxvadasxva mizniT moixmaren (iniciativebis, aqtivobebis, sajaro

Sexvedrebis daanonsebis, informaciis gavrcelebis, diskusiebsada ganxilvebSi sazogadoebis mozidvisa da CarTvis mizniT da

a.S.). termini socialuri media aris instrumentebisa da

platformebis erToblioba, romlis meSveobiTac momxmarebels

SeuZlia komunikacia, dakavSireba da kontentis gaziareba

(Kanter&Fine, 2008). am TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis organizaciebis praqtikuli saqmianobis Seswavla.kvlevis mizania imis dadgena, efeqturad iyeneben Tu ara

qarTuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi socialur

medias, rogorc sakomunikacio instruments TavianT saqmianobasa

da sazogadoebis informirebaSi. kvlevis obieqtad SeirCa 10samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizacia. SerCevis kriteriumad

ganisazRvra organizaciebis gansxvavebuli misia da profili.kvlevis farglebSi SeviswavleT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

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organizaciebis socialuri media aqtivobebi; kerZod, veb-gverdebi, fb-platforma, socialuri mediiT informaciis

gavrcelebis sixSire, intensivoba, organizaciebis

warmomadgenlebis satelevizio CarTvebi, organizaciebis

operatiuloba, komentarebisa da mowonebebis raodenoba drois

konkretul monakveTSi - mimdinare wlis 17-26 aprilis periodSi.kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, ramdenad aqtiurad gamoiyeneben

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi socialur medias

TavianT saqmianobaSi da sazogadoebis informirebisaTvis. maTi

Seswavla xels uwyobs socialuri mediis potencialis, rogorcsakomunikacio instrumentis, Sesaxeb Cveni codnisa da

warmodgenis zrdas.

53

amiran berZeniSvili



„cifruli Taobis“ damkvidrebisa da ganviTarebis

Taviseburebebi saqarTveloSi

informaciul-komunikaciuri teqnologiebis, pirvel

rigSi ki internetis swrafma ganviTarebam sazogadoebaSi axali

„cifruli Taobis“ warmoSoba ganapiroba, romlis

Taviseburebebis Seswavlasac ganviTarebul informaciul

sazogadoebebSi (aSS, dasavleT evropa, iaponia da a.S.)gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba. rogorc msoflioSi, ise

saqarTveloSi „cifruli Taobis“ Sesaxeb dapirispirebuli

ganazrebebi arsebobs. ufrosi Taobis adamianebi teqnofobiuri

midrekilebebisa gamo „cifruli Taobis“ mimarT uaryofiT

damokidebulebebs gamoTqvamen: esaa „dakarguli“,„egocentruli“, da „arasocialuri“ Taoba. zogi ki gangaSis

zarebs reks: „aifonis“ Taoba modis da dRes samSoblo,patriotizmi, moqalaqeobrivi valdebulebebi dakninebisa da

gaufasurebisaken midis“.kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom saqme piriqiTaa, rom

„cifruli“ Tu „qseluri“ Tu „aifonis“ Taoba eTnikur, erovnulTu religiur urTierTobaTa TvalsazrisiT ufro Riaa,politikurad aqtiuria da inteleqtis maRali koeficientiTac

ki gamoirCevian. saqarTveloSi „cifruli Taobis“ saxes

„feisbuki“ ayalibebs. ara nakleb rols mis CamoyalibebaSi am

teqnologiebis ganaTlebis sferoSi danergva TamaSobs.gansakuTrebiT swavlebis axali strategiebi: maswavlebelze

orientirebuli saleqcio procesidan moswavleze/studentzeorientirebuli saswavlo urTierTqmedebis mimdinareobisas

aqcentis TanamSromlobaze gadatana da codnis Seqmnis

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procesze gadasvla; swavlebis procesebSi TandaTanobiT

damkvidrebadi fragmentuloba, mozaikuroba da vizualizacia,romlebic yuradRebis xangrZliv daZabvaze ar arian

orientirebulni.qarTuli „cifruli TaobisaTvisac“ socialuri qselebi

garemomcveli landSaftis ganuyreli nawili xdeba. am Taobis

warmomadgenlebisaTvis qseluri teqnologiuri Semadgenlis

arseboba yoveldRiuri saqmianobis praqtikulad yvela

saxeobaSi TandaTanobiT bunebriv da sasurvel ramed aRiqmeba.es, gansakuTrebiT, axal cxovrebiseul strategiebs exeba:praqtikulad qselSi mudmivi CarTuloba, mravalmxrivoba da

swrafi reagireba, gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas informaciis,qmedebaTa mza receptebis, xdomilebaTa Sesaxeb arsebuli

Sexedulebebis, axali azrebisa Tu mxardaWeris misaRebad

qselisadmi mudmivi mimarTva da sxva. aseve aRsaniSnavia,socialur komunikaciebSi teqstivizaciis rolis ganuxreli

zrdis faqtoric. esaa Taoba, romelic 2000-iani wlebis

dasawyisSi Web 2.0 - is erTdroulad gaCndnen, da cifruli

mowyobilobebi pirvel saTamaSoebTan erTad aiRes xelSi. am

TaobisaTvis cifruli ena mSobliuri xdeba da maT “digitallynative”-s, e.i. cifruli wignierebiT TanSobil-dabadebuladamianebs uwodeben. es Taoba jer axalgazrda da

araerTgvarovania, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dRes

saqarTveloSi Taoba, romelic 18-20 wlisaa „cifrul Taobas“warmoadgens. Tumca, Cveni qveynis ganviTarebis specifikidan

gamomdinare mas dasavluri, Tu aRmosavleT evropuli „cifruli

Taobebisagan“ gansxvavebiT sakuTari Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs.

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nana maWaraZe

doqtoranti,

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa instituti

cifruli mauwyeblobis danergvis praqtika saqarTveloSi: misigavlena satelevizio informaciuli resursis ganviTarebaze

cifruli formatebi uaRresad aqtualuria samauwyeblo

sferoSi. dRes msoflioSi cifrul samauwyeblo formatze

gadasvlis globaluri procesi mimdinareobs, romelSic

lideri qveynebis Semdeg ganviTarebadi qveynebic CaerTvnen.cifrul mauwyeblobaze gadasvlis procesi dasavleT evropasa

da amerikis SerTebul StatebSi gasuli saukunis 90–ian wlebSi

daiwyo da ganviTarebul qveynebSi analoguri formatis

mauwyebloba cifruli mauwyeblobiT Seicvala. gasuli saukunis

bolo ocwleulSi inovaciuri teqnologiebis ganviTarebam

msoflios daanaxa, rom sixSiruli resursis gamoyenebis ufro

efeqturi saSualebebis danergva iyo SesaZlebeli. analoguri

mauwyeblobis gamorTvis da cifruli mauwyeblobis CarTvis

Semdeg SeiniSneba dadebiTi cvlilebebi audiovizualuri mediis

bazarze: informaciis Tavisufali cirkulireba sazogadoebaSi,mobiluri internetis ganviTareba da axali sakomunikacio

momsaxurebebi. cifrul mauwyeblobaze gadasvla dadebiTad

moqmedebs televiziis SesaZleblobaze ganaxorcielos sajaro

funqciebi da uzrunvelyos informaciis xelmisawvdomobaze

adamianTa uflebebis dacva. cifrul mauwyeblobaze gadasvla

qmnis winapirobebs satelevizio programebis

mravalferovnebisTvis, audiovizualuri mediisa da

sainformacio teqnologiebis momsaxurebis

momwodeblebisaTvis.praqtika aCvenebs, rom didia cifruli mauwyeblobis

teqnologiis mniSvneloba bolo momxmareblebisaTvis,gansakuTrebiT e.w. universaluri samauwyeblo momsaxurebis

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miwodebis mimarTulebiT. aRsaniSnavia is, rom analogiur

saeTero mauwyeblobaze damokidebuli iyo regionebis

mosaxleobis umetesoba, sadac alternativad kargad

ganviTarebuli satelituri mauwyebloba moiazreba. qalaqebSi

internet televizia (IPTV) da sakabelo qseli ukeTesad aris

ganviTarebuli da cifrul mauwyeblobaze damokidebuli

moqalaqeebis raodenoba SedarebiT mcirea, Tumca Tu gaCndeba

kargi xarisxis momsaxurebis alternativa moqalaqeebi ojaxebSi

meore da mesame televizoriT ufasod translirebad cifruli

mauwyeblobis momsaxurebas miiReben.swored msgavsi gamowvevisa da mosalodneli cvlilebebis

winaSe dadga qveyana 2015 wlis ivlisidan, rodesac dainerga

saqarTveloSi cifruli mauwyebloba da mis Sedegadac

mosalodneli gaxda qveyanaSi jer kidev moxmarebis raodenobis

maCvenebliT pirveli sainformacio saSualebis - televiziis

cvilileba, kerZod, arxebis raodenobis gazrda, maTi dafarvis

areali da amasTan erTad media-kontentis cvlileba, rogorc

raodenobrivi, iseTvisebriviTvalsazrisiT.saqarTveloSi cifrul mauwyeblobaze gadasvlis

procesi dasrulebulia. saerTaSoriso valdebulebis Tanaxmad

2015 wlis ivlisidan saqarTvelo cifrul mauwyeblobaze

gadavida. garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, cifruli da

analogiuri mauwyebloba erTdroulad funqcionirebda, xolo

Semdeg, analogiuri mauwyebloba gamoirTo da saqarTvelo

mTlianad cifruli mauwyeblobis formatze gadavida.cifrul mauwyeblobaze gadasvla ara marto

teqnologiuri, aramed garkveulwilad socialuri

cvlilebebis stimulirebasac axdens. satelevizio arxebis

raodenobis swrafi zrda, rac cifruli mauwyeblobis erT-erTi

Tanmdevi cvlilebaa, auditoriis segmentacias iwvevs. am

yvelafris Sedegad ki cvlilebebia mosalodneli auditoriis

mier media–kontentis aRqmis TvalsazrisiT. meti da

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gansxvavebuli informaciuli, simboluri kontentis arseboba

auditoriis SigniT cvlilebebsac gamoiwvevs, rogorc

individualur, ise socialur konteqstSi.

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Tengiz verulava

profesori, ilias saxelmwifo universiteti

universaluri jandacva saqarTveloSi: miRwevebi da

gamowvevebi

universaluri jandacvis ganviTareba mraval problemebTanaa

dakavSirebuli. sxvadasxva qveyana gansxvavebul midgomas iyenebs

arsebuli problemebis aRmosafxvrelad.ganviTarebul qveynebSi universalur mocvaze gadasvlis

Semdegi tendenciebi SeiZleba gamoiyos: dasavleT evropis qveynebSi mosaxleobis sayovelTao mocvis

procesi TiTqmis mTeli XX saukune gagrZelda; mocvis gafarToebis mcdelobebi eyrdnoboda riskebis

gaerTianebis (solidarobis) meqanizmebs; istoriulad adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebs

ekisreboda Raribi mosaxleobisaTvis samedicino daxmarebis

dafinansebis, xolo damsaqmeblebs ubeduri SemTxvevebis da

daavadebebis dazRvevis uzrunvelyofis valdebuleba.aRniSnulma garemoebebma xeli Seuwyo riskebis gaerTianebis

efeqturi organizaciebis Camoyalibebas; sayovelTao mocvis sistemaze gadasvlam moiTxova

saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani Carevebi. erTaderT qveyanas,sadac ver ganxorcielda mosaxleobis universaluri mocva,warmoadgenda aSS;

universaluri jandacvis ganviTarebaSi didi roli iTamaSes

politikurma faqtorebma. germaniaSi socialuri dazRveva

SemoRebul iqna socialisturi moZraobebis opoziciuri

moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad. italiaSi omebs Soris

socialuri dazRvevis sistemis SemoReba dakavSirebuli iyo

klasebs Soris erTobis ganmtkicebasTan. britaneTSi

beverijis reforma dakavSirebuli iyo meore msoflio omis

Semdeg gamowveuli solidarobis grZnobasTan.

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ganviTarebad qveynebSi mosaxleobis mocva saxelmwifo

jandacviTi programebiT Zalian dabalia. am qveynebSi

universaluri jandacvis mSeneblobis gzaze mniSvnelovan

dabrkolebas warmoadgens arasaxarbielo ekonomikuri

mdgomareoba, sawarmoebis dabali gadaxdisunarianoba,gadamxdelTa monacemebis erTiani bazis ararseboba. jandacvaze

saxelmwifo dafinansebis simwiris gamo farTodaa

gavrcelebuli jibidan araformaluri gadaxdebi.sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg yofili sabWoTa

kavSirisa da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi farTod gavrcelda

universaluri jandacvis sxvadasxva sistema (socialuri

dazRveva, sayovelTao jandacva). gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom am

qveynebSi arsebobda jandacvis semaSkos modeli, romelic

Teoriulad Tavad warmoadgenda universalur mocvas.miuxedavad imisa, rom konstituciiT yvela Tanasworad

garantirebuli iyo jandacvis servisebiT, mosaxleobis

sxvadasxva jgufs Soris SeiniSneboda mniSvnelovani

gansxvavebebi. farTod iyo gavrcelebuli jibidan

araformaluri gadaxdebi.damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg saqarTvelos

janmrTelobis dacvis sistemis ganviTarebaSi gamoyofen oTx

periods: inerciis periodi - 1991-1995 wlebi, reformebis

pirveli periodi - 1995-2003, reformebis meore periodi - 2004-2012 wlebi da reformebis mesame periodi - 2013 wlidan dRemde.

Tavdapirvelad saqarTvelos jandacvis sistemis

dafinanseba xorcieldeboda socialuri dazRvevis modeliT

(bismarkis modeli). Tumca, 2007 wlidan igi gadavida

gadasaxadebze dafuZnebuli modelze (beverijis modeli). axalmodelze gadasvla dakavSirebuli iyo im garemoebasTan, rom

ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis gadasaxadebze dafuZnebul

sistemas gaaCnia meti upiratesoba vidre socialuri dazRvevis

models. kerZod, ganviTarebad qveynebSi, sadac ufro metadaa

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ganviTarebuli araformaluri seqtori, gadasaxadebze

dafuZnebul models aqvs SesaZlebloba ufro swrafi tempiT

moicvas igi. Tumca, gadasaxadebze dafuZnebuli sistema tvirTad

awveba saxelmwifo biujets. garda amisa, SeiniSneba

araTanaswori dafinanseba, radgan SesaZloa ganapirobos iseTi

pirebis subsidireba, romlebic TviTdasaqmebulia, magram ar

aris Raribi fena.2013 wlidan saqarTveloSi amoqmedda sayovelTao

janmrTelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programa. programis mizans

warmoadgenda janmrTelobis dazRvevis armqone saqarTvelos

mosaxleobisaTvis samedicino momsaxurebis

xelmisawvdomobisaTvis finansuri uzrunvelyofis Seqmna.2014 w. aprilis monacemebiT, saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqe

uzrunvelyofilia sabaziso samedicino momsaxurebiT

sayovelTao janmrTelobis dacvisa Tu saxelmwifo da kerZo

sadazRvevo programebiT. jandacvis seqtorisTvis gamoyofili

saxelmwifo asignebebis moculoba 2017 wels 2012 welTan

SedarebiT TiTqmis gaormagda da 365 mln laridan 800 mln

laramde gaizarda.cxadia, dauzRveveli mosaxleobis CarTva saxelmwifo

programaSi dadebiTad imoqmedebs saWiro samedicino

momsaxurebis finansur xelmisawvdomobaze da Sesabamisad,

kmayofilebaze.universaluri jandacvis mSenebloba damokidebulia

garkveul sirTuleebTan, miTumetes iseTi mwiri ekonomikis mqone

qveynisaTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa. erTi mxriv, saxelmwifos

mier universaluri jandacvis mSenebloba, romliTac yvela

adamians aqvs saSualeba isargeblos, sakmaod kargi nabijia,Tumca saWiroa saxelmwifos Tanmimdevruli politikis

ganxorcieleba dafinansebis xarjTefeqturi meTodebis,samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxis da medikamentebze finansuri

xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebis kuTxiT.

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xarjebis Sekavebis meTodebidan erT-erTi umTavresia

qveyanaSi gamarTuli pirveladi jandacvis sistemis arseboba,radgan aseT sistemaSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva

prevenciuli servisebis miwodebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, jandacvaze

danaxarjebis Sekavebis yvelaze saukeTeso meTodi aris is,romliTac miiRweva janmrTelobis saerTo maCveneblebis

gaumjobeseba arsebuli resursebis ufro efeqturad gamoyenebis

meSveobiT.

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis socialur da politikur...

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