tariel futkaraZe qarTvelologiis aqtualuri problemebi da ... `kavkasia da sulieri kulturis Zeglebi"...

qarTvelologiis aqtualuri problemebi ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF KARTVELOLOGY I

tariel futkaraZe

qarTvelologiis aqtualuri problemebi da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria

pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universitetis qarTvelologiis centris amocanebi

Sesavali

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia meore 2006 wlis saSobao qadagebaSi brZanebs: `istoriografia, enaTmecniereba, arqeologia... nawilobriv

politizebuli mecnierebebia da, bunebrivia, yoveli qveyana, Tavisi interesebidan gamomdinare, iyenebs maT. es gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia imperiebisaTvis, romelnic am meTodiT cdiloben, gaimyaron Tavisi poziciebi” (ilia II 2006:10). did imperias aqvs STambeWdavi resursebi, Tavisi interesebis

Sesabamisad dagegmos da marTos mecniereba dapyrobili mcirericxovani erebis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, amgvar zemoqmedebas ver ascda verc qarTvelologia. sxva mecnierebebis msgavsad, qarTvelologia intensiurad

viTardeba bolo ori saukunis manZilze; am periodSi saqarTvelo metwilad aneqsirebuli iyo ruseTis imperiis mier; Sesabamisad, qarTvelologiis dagegmvisa Tu ganviTarebisadmi mkafiod Camoyalibda radikalurad gansxvavebuli orgvari midgoma: 1.imperiis geopolitikur interesebze orientirebuli

kvaziqarTvelologia; 2.qarTveli eris sasicocxlo interesebze orientirebuli

mecnieruli qarTvelologia.

qarTveli eris enobriv-eTnikuri istoriis gayalbebis sakiTxisaTvis

qarTveli eris enobriv-eTnikuri istoriis gayalbeba aqtiurad

da sistemurad xdeba me-19 saukunis 40-iani wlebidan, kerZod:

tariel futkaraZe, qarTvelologiis aqtualuri problemebi...

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1801-1839 wlebSi qarTul samefo-samTavroebTan dadebuli SeTanxmebebis darRveviTa da samxedro Zalis gamoyenebiT ruseTis imperiam ganaxorciela saqarTvelos aneqsia /`moyvrad mosuli mteri"/. 1940 wlidan, mefisnacvlis institutis SemoRebis Semdeg, imperiam saqarTveloSi daamyara samoqalaqo mmarTveloba da, qarTveli eris enobriv-eTnikuri erTianobis danawevrebis mizniT /`gaTiSe da ibatone"/ daiwyo qarTvelTa nawilis araqarTvelebad gamocxadeba, qarTuli enis funqcionirebis arealis SezRudva da qarTuli enis gandevna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri samociqulo eklesiidan. am mimarTulebiT gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobda ruseTis imperiis

moxele kirile ianovski1. imperiuli politikis sapirispirod, me-19 saukunis 60-iani

wlebidan ilia WavWavaZis Taobam aqtiurad daiwyo brZola qarTveli eris sasicocxlo interesebis dasacavad; gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina qarTvelTa erovnuli kulturisa da erTianobis simbolos - qarTuli enis - sakiTxma: qarTul enas imperia devnida adamianuri Semoqmedebis yvela sferodan: saeklesio RvTismsaxurebidan, mxatvruli mwerlobidan,

1 1892 wels kavkasiis saswavlo olqis mzrunvel kirile ianovskis (igi am postze muSaobda 1878 wlis dekembridan 1900 wlamde) specialuri moxseneba gaugzavnia imperiis saxalxo ganaTlebis ministrisaTvis, ro-melSic moiTxovda, rom saqarTvelos samRvdeloebisaTvis CamoerTmiaT

saeklesio-samrevlo da e.w. wera¬kiTxvis skolebis marTvis ufleba, vi-naidan samRvdeloTa umravlesoba qarTvelebi arian da maTma didma nawilma ar icis rusuli ena, Tanac qarTveli sasuliero pirebi daabrkoleben mTavrobis miswrafebis ganxorcielebas ganapira mxareebis imperiasTan Sesarwymelado. k. ianovski Tavis moxsenebaSi sxvadasxva xa-lxebad acxadebs megrelebsa da danarCen qarTvelebs. megrelebs qarTu-lisagan gansxvavebuli ena aqvT da megrulze aucilebelia gadaviRoT saeklesio wignebi da locvaTa teqstebio, werda ianovski. ianovskis am moxsenebaSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis ganxilva ruseTis eklesiis uwmindesi sinodis ober-prokurors dauvalebia saqarTvelos egzarqosis paladi-saTvis 1892 wlis 24 maisis; egzarqosma ki imave wlis 5 ivnisis sa-kiTxis gamokvleva da daskvnis wardgena mosTxova guria-samegrelos episkopos grigols (dadians). imave wlis 12 agvistos episkoposma gri-golma gamanadgurebeli pasuxi gasca k. ianovskis, gansakuTrebiT mis “debulebebs `megrelebis araqarTvelobisa da megruli “enis arsebobis Sesaxeb" /Teimuraz gvancelaZe, merab naWyebia, manana tabiZe, guria-samegrelos episkoposi grigol dadiani (brZola dedaenisaTvis XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi), sveticxoveli, 2009, № 1, gv. 148-162;

http://sveticxovelijournal.ge/view.php?id=23


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mecnierebidan, yvela donis skolidan; swored am periodSi daiwyo wminda werilis Targmna megrulad da svanurad. qarTveli eri Tavisi Rirseuli Svilebis brZoliT winaaRmdegobas uwevda qarTulenobrivi kulturis damcrobis mosurneT.me-19 da me-20 saukuneTa mijnaze am dapirispirebas ganasaxierebda ori cnobili sasuliero piri: ambrosi xelaia da ivane vostorgovi; kerZod: samegrelos mosaxleobis azrs gamoxatavda da samegrelosa

Tu saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi moqmed mravalsaukunovan eklesiebSi qarTul enas icavda samegreloSi aRzrdili didi moZRvari, SemdgomSi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, ambrosi xelaia. samegrelos mosaxleobis nebis sawinaarmdegod, rusi mRvdeli,

SemdgomSi cnobili politikuri moRvawe - ivane vostorgovi cdilobda, qarTulenovani skolebi aekrZala samegreloSi da qarTuli ena ganedevna qarTuli samociqulo eklesiidan; kerZod, igi cdilobda, saqarTvelos istoriul mxareebSi - samegreloSi, svaneTsa da afxazeTSi - RvTismsaxurebis tradiciuli ena - qarTuli ena - adgilobrivi kiloebiT, realurad ki rusuli eniT Seecvala. dReisTvis sayuradRebo faqti: saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqi - ambrosi xelaia

saqarTvelos eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa 1995 wels da mas ewoda wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli.


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ramdenime wlis Semdeg, 2000 wels, ruseTis eklesiam

wmindanad Seracxa ivane vostorgovi /Восторгов, Иван Иванович/2.

me-20 saukunis 10-ian da 20-ian wlebSi qarTuli enisaTvis brZola ufro gamZafrda: qarTuli enis rolisa da qarTvelologiis dagegmvis TvalsazrisiT erTmaneTs mkveTrad daupirispirda ori cnobili mecnieri: ivane javaxiSvili da niko

mari.

kerZod, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis interesebis damcveli

niko mari uaryofda qarTul enas, rogorc mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis enas, ivane javaxiSvili ki, agrZelebda ra did

2http://kuz3.pstbi.ccas.ru/bin/nkws.exe/no_dbpath/docum/ans/nm/?HYZ9EJxGHoxITYZCF2JMTdG6Xbu0fi5Wfi0

Xfe6UW88UfG06ce0hfe8ctk*

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87


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winaparTa gzas, cdilobda, aeRorZinebina qarTuli enis 15-saukunovani saganmanaTleblo da samecniero tradicia3. niko marsa da ivane javaxiSvils Soris mZafri iyo

dapirispireba qarTulenovani universitetis saWiroebisa da qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros kvalifikaciis Sesaxebac; sanimuSod warmovadgen ivane javaxiSvilis erT citatas: "1908 wels n. mari ambobda, rom iafetur enaTa Stos

saukeTeso da damaxasiaTebel warmomadgenlad `qarTulsa da masTan Zmurad dakavSirebul cocxal kilokavebs garda, ese igi egreT wodebul qarTebisa da iberTa jgufis (ukeT rom iTqvas, qarTebisa, iberTa [igulisxmeba megrul-Wanuri] da svanTa jgufebs) garda, mkvdari enebic Sedian"-o (n. mari 1908:1). maSasadame, im dros, rodesac Tavisi Teoriis ZiriTadi debulebani pirvelad gamoaqveyna, n. marisTvis megruli, Wanuri da svanuri qarTuli enis `Zmurad dakavSirebuli cocxali kilokavebi", dialeqtebi iyo mxolod... n. maris zemomoyvanili debulebis Semdgom, mkiTxveli samarTlianad iqneba gaocebuli, radganac missave 1912 w. sajarod warmoTqmulsa da dabeWdil sityvaSi: `kavkasia da sulieri kulturis Zeglebi" imave avtoris amgvar msjelobas Sexvdeba: `qarTvelTmcodneni, qarTul nacionalur Sexedulebaze damynobilni, ugulebels hyofdnen mTel rigs qarTulis, Tumca monaTesave, magram damoukidebel enebs, rogorc mag., svanurs, megruls, Wanurs da maT qarTulis `damaxinjebul" Tqmad anu dialeqtad sTvlidnen"-o... avtors daviwyebia, rom amgvarive `nacionalisturi" Sexeduleba masac hqonda 1905 da 1908 wlebSi `megruli, Wanuri da svanuri masac qarTulis cocxal kilokavebad miaCnda"(iv. JavaxiSvili

1992:53-54). saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mcire monakveTSi ivane

javaxiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT TbilisSi daarsda “`qarTuli

universiteti" (10.05.1917)4 da swrafi tempiT daiwyo ganviTareba mecnierulma qarTvelologiam. es procesi Seaferxa sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos

dapyrobam. ioseb stalinis mier Seqmnilma sabWoTa imperiis xelisuflebam, pirvel rigSi, Tavad ioseb stalinma, saxelmwifos

3n. marisa da iv. javaxiSvilis diskusiisaTvis vrclad ix., tariel futkaraZe, ia vaSakiZe, qarTvelologiis orgvari dagegmva 1917-1935 wlebSi, Tb., 2011. 4`qarTuli universiteti" sazeimod gaixsna 1918 wlis 26 ianvars /8 Tebervals/ - daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes. saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da saqarTvelos respublikis 1918 wlis 3 seqtembris kanoniT `qarTul universitets" 1918 mieniWa saxelmwifo universitetis statusi da mas ewoda `tfilisis saxelmwifo universiteti".


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oficialur poziciad aqcia mefis ruseTis mier politizebuli da niko maris mier mecnieruli terminologiiT SefuTuli

debulebebi5, romelTa mixedviTac araqarTvelebad da mwignobrobis armqoneebad cxaddeba aWaris, samegrelosa da svaneTis qarTveloba; am droidan megruls, lazursa da svanurs daumkvidrda e.w. umwerlobo qarTveluri enebis saxeli

(futkaraZe 2005:43-44; bolqvaZe 2007:221). paralelurad, jer ivane javaxiSvili gadaayenes reqtorobidan

(mogvianebiT gandevnes kidec mis mier daarsebuli universitetidan), Semdeg ki sul daSales6 ivane javaxiSvilisa da sxva didi moRvaweebis mier dafuZnebuli qarTuli

universitetic /tfilisis saxelmwifo universiteti/7. komunisturi imperiis xelisuflebam (oficialurad, lavrenti

berias iniciativiT) sami wlis Semdeg daafuZna (1933 w.)(guruli 2006:22-23).faqtobrivad axali saxelmwifo universiteti, romelic mizanmimarTulad aqcia politizebuli qarTvelologiis

upirveles kerad (jorbenaZe 1988:122); Tumca, cnobili qarTveli mecnierebis ZalisxmeviT, am tipis universitetSic ki bevri faseuli samecniero qarTvelologiuri proeqti ganxorcielda. mecnieruli qarTvelologiis aRorZinebisTvis kargi pirobebi

Seiqmna sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, rodesac sayovelTao-saxalxo referendumis safuZvelze - 1991 wlis 9 aprils - saqarTvelos respublikam /prezidenti zviad gamsaxurdia/ gamoacxada saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgena. amave wels saqarTvelos xelisuflebam adekvaturad Seafasa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsia 1801-1917 da 1921-1990 wlebSi da saqarTvelos teritoriaze myof ruseTis samxedro SenaerTebs okupantis statusi mianiWa. samarTlebrivad daiwyo saqarTvelos deokupaciis procesic. paralelurad, aqtualuri gaxda ilia WavWavaZis, ambrosi

xelaias, ivane javaxiSvilisa da sxvaTa Tvalsazrisebi

5 ix. i. stalinis 1913 wels gamoqveynebuli wigni `marqsizmi da nacionaluri

sakiTxi". 6saqarTvelos saxalxo komisarTa sabWom 1930 wlis 7 ivlisis dadgenilebiT moaxdina Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis "reorganizacia"; sinamdvileSi es iyo `universitetis daSla ramdenime umaRles saswavleblad misi saboloo gauqmebis mizniT" /`ivane javaxiSvili tiraniis samsjavroze" (dokumentur masalaTa krebuli, Seadgines v. gurulma da m. vaCnaZem); Tb., 2006, gv. 7/. 7SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis, uwmindesisa da unetaresis ilia meoris mier 2009 wels daarsebul universitets ewoda `qarTuli universiteti".


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qarTvelologiis arsebiTi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb; kerZod, am droidan aRorZinda tradiciuli Tvalsazrisi qarTvelTa erTi dedaenis Sesaxeb da erTmaneTs isev daupirispirda qarTvelTa enobriv-eTnikuri istoriis orgvari gaazreba; Sesabamisad, isev gaxda

aqtualuri qarTvelologiis orgvari dagegmva8. qarTvelologiis centris amocanebi

ruseTis imperiidan amierkavkasiis (anu centraluri kavkasiis) gasvlis perspeqtivis gaCenis gamo /1991 wlis Semdeg/, axal fazaSi Sevida mravalwaxnagovani geopolitikuri dapirispirebani saqarTvelos, zogadad, kavkasiis gamo. dRes kavkasiis centraluri saxelmwifo - saqarTvelo - msoflios didi geopolitikuri moTamaSeebis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis centrSia: saqarTvelo aqtiurad ganixileba amerika-ruseTis, evropa-ruseTis, amerika-iranis, TurqeT-ruseTisa da amerika-evraziis geopolitikur konteqstebSi. bunebrivia, dainteresebuli mxareebi eswrafvian, TavianTi

interesebis Sesabamisad ganixilon saqarTvelos politikuri da enobriv-eTnikuri situaciis istoriuli dinamika da awmyo. gansxvavebuli subieqturi midgomebi uSualod aisaxeba qarTvelologiis dagegmvaSic. am TvalsazrisiT, gamokveTilad aqtiurni arian ruseTis imperiis aRorZinebis mosurne Zalebi, romelTac kavkasiis SenarCunebis mizniT, ganaxorcieles saqarTvelos ganapira raionebis eTnowmenda da axla cdiloben, marTon saqarTvelos sxva mxareebis mosaxleobis identoba. mosaxleobis identobis marTva /asimilacia, TviTaRqmis transformireba.../ demografiuli eqspansiis erT-erTi

mimarTulebaa9; igi xorcieldeba istoriuli Tu arsebuli realobis mizanmimarTuli gayalbebiT. am mizniT, globalur saerTaSoriso qselSi aqtiurad vrceldeba dezinformaciuli cnobebi Tu kvazimecnieruli kvalifikaciebi qarTveluri enobriv-eTnikuri samyaros Sesaxeb.

8asea dRemde. am TvalsazrisiT calke samsjeloa saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministros mier dafuZnebuli qarTvelologiis fondis saqmianoba, romelic 2011 wlamde im enaTmecnierul proeqtebs afinansebda, romlebic inerciiT Tu gaazrebulad agrZeleben sabWoTa tradicias /msjelobisaTvis ix.: http://pirweli.com.ge/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=36778&Itemid=1 9demografiuli eqspansiis sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: 1. avtoqToni mosaxleobis genocidi, 2. demografiuli suraTis Secvla araavtoqToni mosaxleobis CasaxlebiT, 3. avtoqToni mosaxleobis TviTaRqmis/identobis

Secvla.


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aqve aRvniSnav, rom 21-e saukunis dasawyisidan garkveuli Zalebi qarTveli eris enobriv-eTnikuri erTianobis danawevrebasa da mis iuridiul gaformebas aqtiurad cdiloben evrosabWos dokumentebis moSveliebiTac; kerZod, aris mcdeloba, saqarTvelos Tavs moaxvion `regionuli an umciresobis enebis Sesaxeb evropuli qartiis" araswori interpretacia. `enis qartia", iuridiuli da kulturuli TvalsazrisiT, maRali donis dokumentia, magram misi araswori interpretaciis SemTxvevaSi, is SeiZleba nebismieri Zlieri qveynis dezintegraciis safuZvlad iqces. `enis qartiis" orgvari interpretirebis Sedegad qarTveli Tu evropeli eqspertebi qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros orgvar kvalifikacias iZlevian: 1. tradiciuli qarTuli da zogi ucxouri wyaroebis kvalad,

qarTveluri enobrivi samyaro warmodgenilia erTi eniT - qarTuli eniT - da 20-ze meti dialeqtiT; 2. mefis ruseTisa da sabWoTa ruseTis imperiebis

oficialuri poziciis inerciiT, qarTveluri enobrivi samyaro warmodgenilia oTx /an - sam/ damoukidebel enad, romelTagan megruli, lazuri da svanuri kvalificirdeba regionul an

umciresobis enad10. maSasadame, ilia WavWavaZesa da kirile ianovskis, wmida

ambrosi xelaiasa da ivane vostorgovs, aseve, niko marsa da ivane javaxiSvils Soris arsebuli diskusia arsebiTad dRemde grZeldeba; metic, bolo periodSi maRalbiujetiani grantebiT ganxorcielda wminda werilis Targmna megrulad da svanurad; paralelurad, didi Tanxa ixarjeba lazeT-samegrelosa da svaneTis qarTvelobisTvis istoriuli dedaenobrivi samwignobro kulturis gasaucxoeblad da megruli, lazuri Tu svanuri `saliteraturo" enebis Sesaqmnelad. 21-e saukuneSi problema imdenad aqtualuria, rom, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis interesis gaTvaliswinebiT, am sakiTxs 2005 wels gamoexmaura saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodic ; kerZod, mis ganCinebaSi vkiTxulobT: `ganaCines: dauSvebelia istoriis gayalbeba - megrelebisa da

svanebis mwignobrobisa da qristianuli kulturis armqoneebad gamocxadeba da am kuTxis SvilebisaTvis XXI saukuneSi bibliis Targmna, rac upirveles yovlisa, miznad isaxavs eris gaTiSvas da

qveynis mTlianobis darRvevis mcdelobas"/ saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomis oqmi, 23 dekemberi, 2005 weli, Tbilisi; sapatriarqos uwyebani, # 45, 29 dekemberi - 4 ianvari, 2005 w./

10sakiTxis istoriisaTvis vrclad ix.: t. futkaraZe, e. dadiani, r. Serozia; "evropuli qartia regionuli an umciresobis enis Sesaxeb" da saqarTvelo", quTaisi, 2010;

http://www.scribd.com/doc/35702700/Tariel-Putkaradze-Eka-Dadiani-Revaz-Seroozia-2010.


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metad dinamikur dRevandel samyaroSi arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTvelologiur akademiur kvleva-Ziebebsa da am kvlevaTa Sedegebis farTod gavrcelebas. am fonze qarTuli universitetis qarTvelologiis centris upirvelesi mizania, Tavisi wvlili Seitanos saerTaSoriso samecniero "ziari WurWelis" SeqmnaSi. dRes, rogorc arasdros, aucilebelia, amerikel, evropel, rus da aziel mecnierebTan TanamSromlobiT kavkasiis regionis saxelmwifoebSi mcxovrebma qarTvelologebma /enaTmecnierebma, istorikosebma, eTnologebma.../ ganvaxorcieloT erToblivi kvlevebi. bunebrivia, qarTuli universitetis qarTvelologiis centri

qarTvelologiis yvela mimarTulebiT ver dagegmavs kvlevebs; centris samecniero jgufi orientirebulia ramdenime samecniero proeqtze; kerZod, mimdinare etapze dasaxuli gvaqvs sami ZiriTadi amocana: 1. safrTxis qveS myofi qarTveluri xalxuri

memkvidreobis, gansakuTrebiT ki saqarTvelos sazRvrebs miRmamcxovrebi qarTvelebis (taoelebis, livanelebis, lazebis, maWaxlelebis, SavSelebis, ingiloebis/herebis, fereidnelebis) dialeqtebis, folkloris, eTnografiuli masalis dokumentireba da kvleva. vimedovneb, rom am amocanis Sesrulebas SevZlebT Turq, azebaijanel da iranel kolegebTan erToblivi proeqtebis ganxorcielebiT. 2. `megrul-lazuri, svanuri, taouri, livanuri, ingilouri

da fereidnuli leqsikis Seswavla qarTvelTa samwignobro enis saleqsikono bazis gamdidrebis mizniT" (sarekomendacio sityvaTa eleqtronuli leqsikonis Seqmna). 3. akademiur enciklopediebsa da eleqtronul cnobarebSi

(rogorc saerTaSoriso, aseve, erovnul) qarTuli enisa da kulturis Sesaxeb arsebuli mcdari terminologiuri kvalifikaciebis, arazusti informaciebisa da araadekvaturi rukebis komentireba, gamomcemelTaTvis obieqturi informaciis miwodeba. rusul imperiul velSi Seqmnili e.w. afxazuri da osuri Seferilobis istoriul-teritoriuli

ideologemebis kritikuli analizi11. qvemoT gavaanalizebT erT mcdar terminologiur Sefasebasa

da ramdenime araadekvatur rukas.

11ideologema - Fredric Jameson-is mier Seqmnil termins: `Ideologeme" viyenebT iseTi kvazimecnieruli debulebis /Tvalsazrisis aRsaniSnavad, romelic iqmneba raime ideologiur-politikuri (rogorc wesi, imperiuli) gegmis ganxorcielebis procesSi da

romlis mizania realobis/sinamdvilis SeniRbva an gayalbeba.


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erTi mcdari terminologiuri kvalifikaciisadaaraadekvaturi rukebis sakiTxi

realuri faqtebi cxadyofs, rom afxazeTsa da Sida qarTlSi /cxinvalis mxare/ mimdinare konfliqti aris ruseTis imperiuli xelisuflebis mcdeloba, yvela xerxiT SeinarCunos 200 wlis win dapyrobili saqarTvelos es mxareebi; am mizniT, afxazeTSi - afxazebisa da qarTvelebis, cxinvalis mxareSi ki - qarTvelebis genocidiT, imperiis xelisuflebam xelovnurad Secvala demografiuli situacia saqarTvelos am istoriul kuTxeebSi; bolos ki, erTi mxriv, qarTvelebsa da afxazTa prorusul jgufs Soris, meore mxriv ki, qarTvelebsa da prorusul osTa nawils Soris dapirispirebis provocirebis Semdeg, iaraRiT xelaxla daipyro es teritoriebi da iqidan gamodevna qarTvelebi, aseve, afxazTa da osTa meore nawili. saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis SecdomaSi Sesayvanad, imperiis

mesveurebma TavianTi es aralegitimuri, metic, barbarosuli qmedeba terminologiurad SeniRbes da saqarTvelos am kuTxeebis okupaciasa da aneqsiis mcdelobas uwodes eTnokonfliqti afxazebsa da qarTvelebs, osebsa da qarTvelebs Soris. 2006 wlis saSobao epistoleSi es movlena zustad Seafasa

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma: `saqarTvelosTvis gareSe Zalebis mier Tavsmoxveuli Sida

konfliqtebi, romelTac arasworad eTnokonfliqtebsac uwodeben, orasi wlis manZilze mtruli Zalebis mier warmoebuli informaciuli omis Sedegicaa". qvemoT ufro vrclad Sevexebi kvazimecnieruli

eTnolingvisturi kvalifikaciebisa da Sesabamisi rukebis sakiTxs: qarTveli erisa da qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros Sesaxeb

Tanamedrove saenciklopedio da sainterneto sivrceSi TiTqmis ualternativodaa gavrcelebuli imperiul velSi Seqmnili kvalifikaciebi; kerZod, damaxinjebulia istoriuli sinamdvile da sxvadasxva eTnosadaa warmodgenili sxvadasxva kuTxis qarTveloba;

mag., msoflio globaluri qselis ZiriTadi eTnologiuri enciklopediis mixedviT (2010 wlis mdgomareobiT), saqarTveloSi aris Semdegi enebi (/eTnosebi): azerbaijanelebi - 308 000, asirielebi (aisorebi) - 3 000, afxazebi - 101 000, bacbebi - 3 420, berZnebi - 38 000, lazebi - 2 000, megrelebi - 500 000, osebi - 100 000, rusebi - 372 000, svanebi (samwerlobo enad iyeneben qarTuls da rusuls) - 15 000, somxebi - 448 000 , urumebi - 97 746, qarTvelebi - 3 901 380, qarTveli ebraelebi - 20 000, qurTebi - 40 000 / http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GE/.


19

warmodgenili `eTnologiuri enciklopediis”“ mcdari kvalifikaciebi, rom TiTqosda, araqarTvelebi arian: svanebi, lazebi, megrelebi... saTaves iRebs Zveli Tu axali rusuli kvalifikaciebidan; kerZod, saukunis winandel, 2002 Tu 2010 wlis sruliad ruseTis aRweris masalebSi rusuli mxare araqarTvelebad wers qarTvelTa did nawils; mag., ruseTSi Seiqmna ruka, romlis mixedviTac sxvadasxva xalxebadaa CaTvlili qarTvelTa jgufebi: imerlebi, qarTlelebi, megrelebi, kaxelebi

/http://www.iriston.com/nogbon/print.php?newsid=489/12. SegveZlo dagveSva, rom adrindel ruseTSi mwiri iyo

qarTveli eris istoriis Sesaxeb codna da ase agvexsna rukaze warmodgenili Seusabamoba, magram amgvari kvalifikaciebisgan Tvisobrivad ar gansxvavdeba sabWoTa kavSirSi da, gansakuTrebiT, 21-e saukunis ruseTis saxalxo aRwerebis masalebi da amave periodis eTnolingvisturi rukebi; mag., 2002 wlis aRweris mixedviT, ruseTSi cxovrobs 188 erovneba, maT Soris Turme

arian: Грузины (картвели), Аджарцы (аджарели), Ингилойцы (ингилой),

Лазы, Мегрелы (маргали, мингрелы), Сваны13. Sdr., agreTve: mravali saukunis manZilze erTian erad/eTnosad arsebuli

qarTveli eri 2010 wlis aRweris masalebSi rusma moxeleebma12

damoukidebel naciad warmodgines: аджарцы, грузины, гурийцы,

имеретинцы, ингилойцы, кахетинцы, лазы, мегрелы, месхи, турки-месхетинцы,

рачинцы, хевсуры14. TiTqmis analogiuria, ruseTSi Seqmnili da farTod

gavrcelebuli kavkasiis eTnolingvisturi ruka, romelic, mag.,

devs „`oseTis istoriisa da kulturis vebgverdze“15:

12 ix., agreTve: "droeba", 25.12.1908 w., N32. gv.6. 13http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=17 14ix., 2010 wlis 27 ianvars ruseTis statistikis samsaxuris mier

Seqmnili № 74 dokumenti. kritikisaTvis vrclad ix.: t. futaraZe, ruseTis mosaxleobis aRwera (2010) da morigi svla qarTveli eris

dasaSlelad:http://www.scribd.com/doc/30636267/rusuli-samecniero-agresia-2010-

2002; ix., aseve: http://medianews.ge/index.php/ka/content/29788 15http://www.iriston.com/books/cuciev_‐_etno_atlas/cuciev_etno‐polit_map.htm;

http://www.iriston.com/nogbon/news.php?newsid=480/


20

am rukaze warmodgenili kvalifikaciebis mixedviT, sxvadasxva

eTnikuri jgufebi da `narodnostebi" arian: qarTvelebi, imerlebi, aWarlebi, lazebi, fSavlebi, gurulebi, megrelebi, svanebi... romlebic, avtorTa azriT, xuT eTnosad jgufdebian: qarTvelebi, svanebi, aWarlebi, lazebi, megrelebi; Sdr., cnobili Tanamedrove enaTmecnieris, „msoflios enaTa reestris“ avtoris,

prof. iuri koriakovis eTnolingvisturi ruka:


21

am rukis mixedviT, araqarTvelebadaa CaTvlili: svanebi, megrelebi, lazebi; Sesabamisad, qarTuli ena ar Cans: samegreloSi, svaneTSi, afxazeTsa da lazeTSi

/http://linguarium.iling-ran.ru/maps/1-all.gif/16. samwuxarod, rusuli ideologiuri sainformacio manqanis

aqtiuri zegavleniT dasavleTSi saqarTvelos ise uyureben, rogorc myife mcire imperias, sadac araqarTvelebad miiCnevian aramxolod afxazebi, osebi, somxebi, azerbaijanlebi, aramed, aWarlebi, svanebi, megrelebi, mesxebi... iqmneba Sesabamisi

rukebic; mag., cnobili geografisa da kartografis Philippe Rekacewicz-s mier 2004 wels parizSi Sedgenil amierkavkasiis eTnolingvistur rukaze /romelic devs grida-s vebgverdzec/,

araqarTvelebad arian CaTvlilni megrelebi da svanebi:

16kritikisaTvis ix.: t. futaraZe, „Tanamedrove qarTvelTa enobriv-eTnikuri

aRwera `msoflios enaTa reestris" (inguarium.iling-ran.ru) mixedviT da arsebuli

sinamdvile“, saqarTvelo da msoflio (warsuli da Tanamedroveoba), baTumi,

2009. http://www.scribd.com/doc/14098229/Putkaradze-Msoflios-EnaTa-Reestri-Da-Sakartvelo. t. futaraZe, saqarTvelos geopolitikuri strategiis ramdenime aspeqti: qarTvelologiis politizebis sakiTxisaTvis; krebuli: saqarTveloSi arsebuli konfliqti da mSvidobis perspeqtivebi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, konrad

adenaueris fondi, Tb., 2009, gv. 221-234.http://www.scribd.com/doc/9100139/Tariel‐

Putkaradze‐Some‐Aspects‐of‐the‐Geopolitical‐Strategy‐of‐Georgia.


22

sabWoTa periodSi SemuSavebuli sqemis msgavsi lingvisturi rukebi iqmneba dRevandel saqarTveloSic; mag., saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis institutma bolo periodSi Seqmna `iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis ruka", sadac 1990 wlis mdgomareobiT qarTveluri enobrivi samyaro 3 enadaa warmodgenili akad. arn. Ciqobavas kvalifikaciis Sesabamisad (qarTuli, zanuri, svanuri), magram, ratomRac, am axal rukaze asaxuli ar aris qarTuli enis arseboba: svaneTSi, livanaSi, zemo maWaxelSi, taosa da

lazeTSi17:

aqve aRvniSnav, rom did enaTmecniersa da iberiul-kavkasiur

enaTa naTesaobis Teoriis erT-erT gamorCeul fuZemdebels, cnobil kavkasiologs, akademikos arn. Ciqobavas moRvaweoba mouxda komunisturi imperiuli reJimis mZime epoqaSi; Sesabamisad, garkveulwilad, is /sxva mecnierTa msgavsad/ albaT, iZulebuli iyo, nawilobriv mainc angariSi gaewia sabWoTa imperiis im oficialuri poziciisaTvis, romelic Tavad sabWoTa beladma - ioseb stalinma - Camoayaliba Tavis erT-erT ideologiuri xasiaTis wignSi: `marqsizmi da nacionaluri sakiTxi", sadac, argumentebis gareSe, megrelebi, svanebi da aWarlebi, afxazebsa da lekebTan erTad miCneulia iseT xalxebad, romlebsac dedaenaze ar SeuqmniaT literatura /i.stalini: `ra vuyoT aseT xalxebs: megrelebs, afxazebs, aWarlebs, svanebs,

17ix., vebgverdi: http://www.lingua.ge/adgili_msoflioshi.html


23

lekebs da sxv., romlebic sxvadasxva enaze laparakoben, magram TavianTi literatura ki ara aqvT?" /18. aRvniSnav imasac, rom Tavis droze (1932 wels) arn. Ciqobavam,

rogorc `ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatis" mier Seqmnili komisiis wevrma, gamoiCina samoqalaqo gmiroba da daupirispirda

lenin-stalinuri19 `nacionaluri" politikis gamtarebel qarTvel bolSevikTa pirvel Taobas (f. maxaraZe, al. wulukiZe, s. orjonikiZe...); kerZod, maT sapirispirod gamoacxada, rom megruli zanuris enis dialeqtia da ara - damoukidebeli ena: pativcemul mkiTxvels Sevaxseneb, rom me-20 saukunis 20-ian

wlebSi zugdidSi bolSevikebisgan marTuli sami jgufi moqmedebda da samive samegrlos avtonomiis Temas akavSirebda megruli enis aRiarebis sakiTxTan: miSo dadianis jgufi iTxovda samegrelos avtonomias ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi da megruli enis aRiarebas; grigol axalaias jgufi - samegrelos avtonomias saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi da megruli enis aRiarebas, isak Jvanias jgufi samegrelos `oblasts" saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi da megruli enis aRiarebas. arn. Ciqobavas pozicia, romelic Camoyalibda 1932 wels,

gadamwyveti aRmoCnda; swored misi daskvnis Semdeg lavrenti beriam daarwmuna ioseb stalini, rom megruli skolebis amoqmedeba da megruli gazeTebis gamocema Secdoma iyo. swored arn. Ciqobavas daskvnis Semdeg Sewyda samegreloSi

megruli skolebi da aRdga dedaenaze (qarTulad) swavleba; Sewyda aseve, megrul kiloze gazeTebis beWdva da saqmiswarmoebis mcdeloba. am yovelives gamo arn. Ciqobavas lanZRavdnen da vaimecnierad

moixseniebdnen leninur-stalinur avtonomiebad Tu `oblastebad" saqarTvelos danawevrebis momxre pirebi; samagaliTod davasaxelebT enguris qaRaldis kombinatis partkomis mdivnis, tarasi Sengelias mier daweril `koleqtiur gancxadebas"(gvaramia, 2009 :392-93)

18cnobili faqtia isic, rom ioseb stalinis es wigni sabWoTa kavSirSi mravaljer gamoica /qarTulad ki oTxjer daibeWda/; ix., agreTve: i. gigineiSvili, i. b. stalinis moZRvreba saerTo saxalxo enisa da dialeqtebis Sesaxeb da erTiani qrTuli saliteraturo enis

sakiTxebi, t. III, 1952, gv. 483-510; q. lomTaTiZe, i. stalinis Sroma «marqsimzmi da

enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi» da misi mniSvneloba sabWoTa enaTmecnierebisaTvis, t. III, 1952, gv. 33-71. 19me-20 saukunis 20-ian wlebSi v. lenini da i. stalini aqtiurad cdilobdnen qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos danawevrebas. akad. guram lorTqifaniZis cnobiT, lenini gardaicvala im momentSi, rodesac saqarTvelos rukas dahyurebda da qarTvel bolSevikebs werils swerda.


24

amrigad, faqtia, rom stalinis kategoriuli poziciis miuxedavad (stalini megruls damoukidebel umwerlobo enad miiCnevda!), akad. arn. Ciqobavam SeuZlebeli SeZlo: stalinis

poziciis sapirispirod20, megruli da lazuri metyvelebebis zanuri enis dialeqtebad gamocxadebiT man xeli SeuSala megruli da lazuri kiloebis qcevas xelovnur salitaraturo enebad. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom amave periodSi samegrelos qarTvelobis azrs gamoxatavdnen: petre Waraia, silovan xundaZe, konstantine gamsaxurdia, Tedo saxokia, giorgi wereTeli da sxvebi, romlebic cdilobdnen, SenarCunebuliyo tradiciuli

midgoma21 da megrul-lazur-svanuri isev qarTuli enis kiloebad

ganxiluliyo22. stalinis reJimis pirobebSi es SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. Tanamedrove pirobebSi Tavs veravin mogvaxvevs stalinisebr

lingvistur diversiebsa Tu `axirebebs", amitom dRes mainc aris SesaZlebloba, qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros kvalifikacia moxdes istoriuli realobisa da Tanamedrove terminologiuri midgomebis safuZvelze. Tumca dResac arian Zalebi, romelTac surT qarTveli eris enobriv-eTnikuri danawevrebiTa da saqarTvelos eTnikur-politikuri istoriis damaxinjebiT /antiqarTuli istoriul-geografiuli ideologemebis fabrikaciiT/ SeZlon saqarTvelos mxareebis separatizacia da, saqarTvelos unitaruli saxelmwifos nacvlad, e.w. konfederaciuli tipis myife saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmnis Seqmna. amgvari saxelmwifos saboloo danawevreba gacilebiT iolia.

20mogvianebiT, savaraudod berias SuamavlobiT, arn. Ciqobavam i. stalins pozicia Seacvlevina sxva mimarTulebiTac - i. stalinma gadaafasa niko maris marqsistuli enaTmecnieruli Teoria. 21dokumenturi masalisa da sakiTxis mimoxilvisaTvis ix., qarTveluri memkvidreoba XIV, quTaisi, 2010, sadac dabeWdilia episkopos grigol dadianis mier 1895 wels Seqmnili

komisiis daskvna, i. vostorgovis werili da sxva dokumenturi masala. 22ix., mag., T. saxokia: `yvelas mogexsenebaT, rom megruli enis sakiTxi rusebis Semosvlamde ar arsebobda. es sakiTxi gaCnda mas aqeT, rac rusebma saqarTveloSi fexi

moikides" http://iberiana.wordpress.com/iberiana/vedreba/#7. msjelobisaTvis ix., t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, samwignobro ena, dialeqtebi, 2005, 624 gv.; ingl.

395-394 gv.; Turq. 395-492gv.; The Georgians The Kartvels (Historical Home, Mother Tongue Dialects);

English version pg. 395‐492; Turkish version pg. 331‐394; gamomcemloba `quTaisis saxelmwifo

universiteti"; Publishing house `Akaki Tsereteli State University";

http://www.scribd.com/doc/2158690/The‐Georgians‐the‐Kartvels;

http://www.scribd.com/doc/2158759/Kartveller‐Gurculer;


25

Sdr.: ruseTis imperiis mesveurni Riad acxadeben, rom maTi mizania

saqarTvelos saboloo daSla, ganapira regionebis saboloo aneqsia da centralur kavkasiaSi geopolitikuri kontrolis

aRdgena23; Sesabamisad, Tanamedrove pirobebSi qarTvelologiam unda SeZlos, gaTavisufldes Tavsmoxveuli ideologizebuli sabWouri sqemebisgan da saqarTvelos Sesaxeb eTnolingvisturi kvalifikaciebi unda Camoyalibdes, erTi mxriv, realuri faqtebisa da namdvili istoriis, meore mxriv ki, saerTaSoriso meTodologiisa da terminologiis safuZvelze; kerZod: erTi mxriv, enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis saerTaSoriso

praqtika24, meore mxriv, ki istoriulad dokumentirebuli mravali faqti da amJamindeli viTarebac ufro myar safuZvels qmnis, qarTveluri enobrivi samyaro warmovadginoT erTi eniTa da 20-ze meti dialeqtiT. garda amisa, bevri istoriuli faqti cxadyofs, rom sul

mcire, 20 saukunea, qarTvel ers /eTnoss/ qmnian: moxeveebi, megrelebi, javaxebi, mesxebi, lazebi, svanebi, aWarlebi, kaxelebi,

23a. duginis koncefciis kritikisaTvis ix., mag., t. futkaraZe, 1991 wlis 9 aprilis damoukideblobis aRdgenis aqti, putin-duginis geopolitikuri gegmebi da rusuli okupaciis dasasrulis dasawyisi; saqarTvelos parlamentis antikrizisuli sabWos formatiT gamarTuli samecniero konferencia Temaze:“`saqarTvelos teritoriuli

mTlianobis aRdgenis perspeqtivebi", 2008 wlis 13 oqtomberi;The act April 9 of the restoration of independence of Georgia, geopolitical plans of Putin-Dugin’s and the commence of the end of the Russian occupa-tion; Anti-crisis council scientific conference of the parliament of Georgia: `Perspectives for the restoration of en-tirety of Georgia”, 13 October, 2008;http://www.scribd.com/doc/6505547/The‐Perspectives‐of‐Restoration‐of‐

the‐Entirety‐of‐the‐Territory‐of‐Georgia. Sdr., asEve: 1997 wels Seqmnil kremlis erT-erT dokumentSi: `ruseTis strategiuli interesebi samxreTSi" daufaravad weria ruseTis xelisuflebis mizani: saqarTvelosTvis afxazeTis, Sida qarTlis, samegrelosa da aWaris CamoSoreba /g. gaCeCilaZe

http://www.opentext.ge/index.php?m=28&y=2002&art=10644/;

z.mWeliSvili: http://www.diaspora.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=geo&sec_id=76&info_id=996; 24msjelobisaTvis ix.: t. futkaraZe, qarTvelTa dedaena da dialeqtebi, quTaisi, 2008;

`quTaisis universitetis gamomcemloba";The national language and the dialects of Kartvels (Georgians),

Kutaisi, 2008 http://www.scribd.com/doc/8727375/T‐Putkaradze‐Kartvelta‐Dedaena‐Da‐Dialeqtebi‐2008; t. futkaraZe, e. dadiani, r. Serozia; "evropuli qartia regionuli an umciresobis enis

Sesaxeb" da saqarTvelo", quTaisi, 2010; T. Putkaradze, E.Dadiani, R. Serozia;"European Charter for

Regional or Minority Languages" and Georgia",Kutaisi, 2010;http://www.scribd.com/doc/35702700/Tariel-

Putkaradze-Eka-Dadiani-Revaz-Seroozia-2010

dokumenturi masalisaTvis ix.: mitropoliti anania jafariZe, qarTuli samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I-IV, Tb., 1976-2003; t. futkaraZe, n. nakani, `svanebi saliteraturo enisa da svanuri metyvelebis Sesaxeb (qarTvelTa erovnul-enobrivi TviTmikuTvnebulobis sakiTxi)", `qarTuli", 2001, #7; T. gvancelaZe, enisa da kilos sakiTxi qarTvelologiaSi, 2006; m. tabiZe, enobrivi situacia saqarTveloSi da qarTuli enis funqcionirebis sakiTxebi, Tb., 2005; r. gujejiani, mama besarioni (niJaraZe), mestiisa

da zemo svaneTis eparqiis gazeTi, 4 ivnisi, 2007.


26

imerlebi, gurulebi, imerxevelebi, qarTlelebi, TuSebi, ingiloebi, raWvelebi, xevsurebi, fSavlebi, livanelebi, taoelebi, fereidnelebi, leCxumlebi, maWaxlelebi, mTiulebi da sxv. aseve, mravali istoriuli faqti cxadyofs, rom samegreloSic, svaneTSic, afxazeTSic, cxinvalis mxareSic da istoriul tao-klarjeTSic qarTuli ena iyo avtoqToni mosaxleobis dedaenac da kulturis enac; Sesabamisad, kavkasiuri enebis rukaze qarTvelTa dedaenis - qarTuli enis - sazRvrebi unda moicavdes saqarTvelos yvela am mxares, qarTuli enis gavrcelebis ruka

daaxloebiT ase unda gamoiyurebodes25:

qarTvelTa saSinao metyvelebebis - qarTvelTa zogaderovnuli

enis qvesistemebis - qarTvelTa kiloebis - ruka ki sqematurad

/pirobiTad/ ase SeiZleba gamoisaxos:

25 rukebisaTvis ix.: t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, samwignobro ena,

dialeqtebi, 2005, 624 gv.; ingl. 395-394 gv.; Turq. 395-492gv.; The Georgians The Kartvels (Historical Home, Mother Tongue Dialects); English version pg. 395-492; Turkish version pg. 331-394; gamomcemloba `quTaisis saxelmwifo universiteti"; Publishing house "Akaki Tsereteli State University". sasurvelia, saerTaSoriso eqspertebis daskvnebi daeyrdnos obieqtur qarTvelologiur kvalifikaciebs da ara, mag., r. sunisa Tu i. koriakovis naSromebSi warmodgenil fsevdomecnierul debulebebs; mag., samwuxaroa, rom heidi taliavinis avtoritetuli saerTaSoriso komisia endo somxuri warmomavlobis r. sunis mosazrebebs da damaxinjebulad warmoadgina qarTveli eris istoria; Sesabamisad, araadekvaturad warmoCnda 2008 wlis agvistos omis 200-wliani wina periodic da rusuli agresiis arsic; kritikisaTvis vrclad ix.: t. futkaraZe, saqarTvelos geopolitikuri strategiis ramdenime aspeqti: qarTvelologiis politizebis sakiTxisaTvis; krebuli: saqarTveloSi arsebuli konfliqti da mSvidobis perspeqtivebi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, konrad

adenaueris fondi, Tb., 2009, gv. 221-234.http://www.scribd.com/doc/9100139/Tariel‐Putkaradze‐

Some‐Aspects‐of‐the‐Geopolitical‐Strategy‐of‐Georgia; ix.,

agreTve:http://pirweli.com.ge/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=36778&Itemid=1


27

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom istoriul realobas obieqturad ufro

asaxavs leonti mrovelisa da vaxuSti bagrationis mixedviT

Seqmnili rukebi26. SeniSvna: prorusuli rukebi ualternativo ar aris

postsabWoTa sivrcis sxva qveynebSic; ix., mag., yazaxeTSi Seqmnili kavkasiis eTnolingvisturi jgufebis rukaze qarTuli enis gavrcelebis arealSia saqarTvelos yvela kuTxe afxazeTis garda . imedi maqvs, Cveni yazaxi kolegebi gaiTvaliswineben 1993 wlamde arsebul realobasac da imasac, rom miuxedavad qarTvelTa genocidisa da didi nawilis deportaciisa, amJamindel afxazeTSic aris qarTuli ena /saojaxo enis statusis mqone

qarTveluri kiloebis saxiT/27. ruseTis imperiuli Zalebi qarTvelologiis sxva

mimarTulebiTac aqtiuroben; kerZod, afxazuri da osuri warmoSobis mecnierebis saxeliT intensiurad qmnian istoriul-teritoriul ideologemebs da cdiloben, gayalbebuli istoriis safuZvelze moaxdinon okupirebuli qarTuli miwebis saboloo anqesia. Sesabamisad, qarTvelologiisTvis gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria ruseTis imperiis mier Seqmnili

26ვრცლად იხ.: ტ. ფუტკარაძე, საქართველოს `ორგვარი” ლინგვისტურ-ეთნიკურ-

პოლიტიკურიისტორიადაადეკვატურირუკებისპრობლემა, ჟურნ. `სვეტიცხოველი”, 2009, #2;

http://www.sveticxovelijournal.ge/view.php?id=35/. 27აფხაზეთის ენობრივი სიტუაციის შესახებ იხ.: T. Putkaradze, Linguistic Situation in Conflict Regions - The Abkhazia Border within Russia according to 1989 Census Data and Politicized Linguistig Mars; SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics, volume 5 – 2008, #1. The Slovak Association for the Study of English & Uni-versity Library of Presov University; http://www.pulib.sk/skase/Volumes/JTL11/index.html


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istoriul-teritoriuli ideologemebis kritikuli analizi; aseve, aucilebelia afxaz, os da sxva mecnierebTan erTad erToblivi kvlevebis ganxorcielebiT enaTmecnierebis, istoriografiis, eTnologiisa da sxva momijnave dargebis gaTavisufleba ideologizebuli debulebebisgan. yvela ers, eTnossa Tu eTnikur jgufs aqvs ufleba,

amomwuravi informacia hqondes sakuTar enobriv-eTnikur, saxelmwifoebriv Tu kulturul istoriaze. obieqturi humanitaruli mecniereba qmnis xalxTa da saxelmwifoTa Soris mSvidobis uryev saZirkvels, politikuri miznebiT deformirebuli kvazimecniereba ki - omis ideologias. faqtia, rom sxvadasxva mimarTulebis urapatriotulma Tu tendenciurma samecniero debulebebma didad avno msoflios yvela - mravalricxovan Tu mcirericxovan - xalxs; maT Soris, kavkasiel erebsac. humanitaruli mecniereba mSvidobaze unda iyos orientirebuli da ara dapirispirebis provocirebaze. sabWoTa imperiis daSlis Semdeg kavkasiis xalxebisTvis axali

SesaZleblobebi gaCnda. Cven, mecnierebma, unda SevqmnaT myari safuZveli, rom kavkasia-wina aziis regionis erebma Tu eTnosebma obieqturad aRiqvan TavianTi enobriv-eTnikuri meoba, ukeT dainaxon erTmaneTi;vfiqrob, dRevandeli qarTvelologiuri samecniero konferenciis /25-26 noemberi, 2011 weli/ monawileebi

erT mokrZalebul nabijs gadavdgamT xangrZlivi mSvidobisaTvis. da bolos: qarTuli universitetis qarTvelologiis centri Tavisi

SesaZleblobebis farglebSi Seecdeba, rom mecnieruli qarTvelologia sxvadasxva qveynis mkvlevarTa saintereso asparezad iqces. gansakuTrebiT, Cven, kavkasiis regionis saxelmwifoebSi - saqarTveloSi, TurqeTSi, azerbaijanSi, somxeTSi, ruseTSi/Crdilo kavkasiaSi, aseve, iranSi moRvawe qarTvelologebs /kavkasiologebs/, SegviZlia, erToblivi kvlevebisa Tu samecniero forumebis organizebiT gavaaqtiuroT enobrivi, eTnikuri da kulturologiuri kvlevebi sakuTriv qarTvelologiis da, aseve, qarTul-Crdilo-kavkasiuri, qarTul-somxuri, qarTul-Turquli, qarTul-azerbaijanuli, qarTul-iranuli istoriuli urTierTobis mimarTulebiT; swored erToblivi kvlevebiT Seewyoba xeli kavkasiaSi mosaxle sazogadoebebs Soris mSvidobisa da urTierTpativiscemis

Seuqcevadobas.


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damowmebuli literatura

T. bolqvaZe, 2007 - T. bolqvaZe, qarTveluri diglosia, qarTuli saliteraturo enis sakiTxebi: istoria da Tanamedroveoba (pirveli krebuli), Tbilisi, 2007; T. gvancelaZe, 2006 - T. gvancelaZe, enisa da kilos sakiTxi qarTvelologiaSi, 2006; T. gvancelaZe… 2009 - Teimuraz gvancelaZe, merab naWyebia, manana tabiZe, guria-samegrelos episkoposi grigol dadiani (brZola dedaenisaTvis XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi), sveticxoveli,

2009, №1; . gigineiSvili, 1952 - i. gigineiSvili, i. b. stalinis moZRvreba saerTo saxalxo enisa da dialeqtebis Sesaxeb da erTiani qrTuli saliteraturo enis sakiTxebi, t. III, 1952; r. gujejiani, 2007 - r. gujejiani, mama besarioni (niJaraZe), mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqiis gazeTi, 4 ivnisi, 2007. q. lomTaTiZe, 1952 - q. lomTaTiZe, i. stalinis Sroma `marqsimzmi da enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi” da misi mniSvneloba sabWoTa enaTmecnierebisaTvis, t. III, 1952; i. stalini, 1913 - i. stalini, `marqsizmi da nacionaluri sakiTxi", 1913; m. tabiZe, 2005 - m. tabiZe, enobrivi situacia saqarTveloSi da qarTuli enis funqcionirebis sakiTxebi, Tb., 2005; t. futkaraZe, 2001 - t. futkaraZe, n. nakani, `svanebi saliteraturo enisa da svanuri metyvelebis Sesaxeb (qarTvelTa erovnul-enobrivi TviTmikuTvnebulobis sakiTxi)", `qarTuli", 2001, #7; t. futkaraZe, 2005 - t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi, 2005; t. futkaraZe, 2009 - t. futkaraZe, „Tanamedrove qarTvelTa enobriv-eTnikuriaRwera `msoflios enaTa reestris" (inguarium.iling-ran.ru) mixedviT daarsebuli sinamdvile“, saqarTvelo da msoflio (warsuli da Tanamedroveoba), baTumi, 2009; http://www.scribd.com/doc/14098229/Putkaradze-Msoflios-EnaTa-Reestri-Da-Sakartvelo; t. futkaraZe, 2009 - t. futkaraZe, saqarTvelos geopolitikuri strategiis ramdenime aspeqti: qarTvelologiis politizebis sakiTxisaTvis; krebuli: saqarTveloSi arsebuli konfliqti da mSvidobis perspeqtivebi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, konrad adenaueris fondi, Tb., 2009;http://www.scribd.com/doc/9100139/Tariel-Putkaradze-Some-Aspects-of-the-Geopolitical-Strategy-of-Georgia. http://www.cartografareilpresente.org/auteur9.html?lang=en http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/ethno_linguistic_distribution_in_the_southern_caucasus http://www.lingua.ge/adgili_msoflioshi.html http://iberiana.wordpress.com/iberiana/vedreba/#7. t. futkaraZe, 2009 - t. futkaraZe, saqarTvelos geopolitikuri strategiis ramdenime aspeqti: qarTvelologiis politizebis sakiTxisaTvis; krebuli: saqarTveloSi arsebuli konfliqti da mSvidobis perspeqtivebi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, konrad adenaueris fondi, Tb., 2009;http://www.scribd.com/doc/9100139/Tariel-


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Putkaradze-Some-Aspects-of-the-Geopolitical-Strategy-of-Georgia; http://pirweli.com.ge/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=36778&Itemid=1 t. futkaraZe, 2009 - t. futkaraZe, saqarTvelos "orgvari" lingvistur-eTnikur-politikuri istoria da adekvaturi rukebis problema, Jurn. `sveticxoveli", 2009, #2; http://www.sveticxovelijournal.ge/view.php?id=35/. t. futkaraZe... 2010 - t. futkaraZe, e. dadiani, r. Serozia; `evropuli qartia regionuli an umciresobis enis Sesaxeb" da saqarTvelo", quTaisi, 2010;

http://www.scribd.com/doc/35702700/Tariel-Putkaradze-Eka-Dadiani-Revaz-Seroozia-2010; /http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GE/; `droeba", 25.12.1908 w., N32; http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=17; t. futkaraZe, 2010 - t. futkaraZe, ruseTis mosaxleobis aRwera (2010) da morigi svla qarTveli eris dasaSlelad:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/30636267/rusuli-samecniero-agresia-2010-2002;http://medianews.ge/index.php/ka/content/29788 http://www.iriston.com/books/cuciev_-_etno_atlas/cuciev_etno-polit_map.htm; http://www.iriston.com/nogbon/news.php?newsid=480/; t. futkaraZe, 2011 - tariel futkaraZe, ia vaSakiZe, qarTvelologiis orgvari dagegmva 1917-1935 wlebSi, Tb., 2011; iv. javaxiSvili, 1992 - iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli da kavkasiuri enebis Tavdapirveli buneba da naTesaoba, Tb., 1992; `ivane javaxiSvili tiraniis samsjavroze" (dokumentur masalaTa krebuli Seadgines v. gurulma da m. vaCnaZem); Tb., 2006; a. jafariZe, 1976-2003 - mitropoliti anania jafariZe, qarTuli samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I-IV, Tb., 1976-2003; s. jorbenaZe, 1988 - s. jorbenaZe, Tbilisis universitetis mokle istoria, Tb., 1988;


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Tariel Putkaradze

Actual Problems of Kartvelology and Objectives of the

Kartvelological Centre of Saint Andrew the First-Called Georgian

University of the Patriarchate of Georgia

A great empire has a lot of impressive resources for planning and managing ac-

cording to its own interests science on the conquered small nations as well. Unfor-

tunately, Kartvelology could not have escaped such impacts either. Like other dis-

ciplines, Kartvelology has developed intensively during the last two centuries. Over

that period Georgia was mostly annexed by the Russian Empire, respectively, over

the last 150 years two radically different approaches towards planning and devel-

opment of Kartvelology have clearly taken shape:

1. Quasi-Kartvelology oriented on the geopolitical interests of the empire;28

2. Scholarly Kartvelology oriented on the vital interests of the Georgian nation.

By means of distortion of the linguistic-ethnic history of the Georgian nation

and the political history of Georgia /fabrication of anti-Georgian historical-

geographical ideologemes and an attempt of linguistic-ethnic disintegration of the

Georgians/, imperial powers wish to separate Georgian regions and to create a frail

state of a confederation type instead of the unitary state of Georgia. The leaders of

the Russian empire declare openly that their objective is final disintegration of

Georgia, final annexation of the marginal regions and restoration of the geopolitical

control in Central Caucasia29.

28 Unfortunately, until recently, for Western European scholarly centres Russian information has been available to a greater extent. Hence, not infrequently, many of our foreign colleagues involuntarily repeat quasi‐Kartvelological provisions created in the area of the Empire. 2929Critical points of view about A. Dugin see:T. Putkaradze, The act April 9 of the restoration of

independence of Georgia, geopolitical plans of Putin‐Dugin’s and the commence of the end of the


32

A brief historical excursus:

Falsification of the linguistic-ethnic history of the Georgian nation actively oc-

curs from the 1840s, namely:

In 1801-1839 by the violation of the agreements concluded with the Georgian

kingdoms and principalities and through the use of military force, the Russian Em-

pire annexed Georgia /”enemy coming as a friend"/. From 1840, after the intro-

duction of the institution of viceroy, the Empire established in Georgia a civil gov-

ernment and for the purpose of distrupting the linguistic-ethnic unity of the Geor-

gian nation /"divide and rule"/ began to proclaim a part of the Georgians as non-

Georgians, to limit the area of functioning of the Georgian language and to ex-

pel the Georgian language from the Orthodox Church of Georgia /in this re-

spect, Kiril Yanovski, an official of the Russian Empire, was especially active/.

To oppose the imperial policy, from the 1860s the generation of Ilia

Chavchavadze started active struggle to defend the vital interests of the nation. The

question of the Georgian language - the symbol of the national culture and unity

of the Georgians acquired special importance: the empire banned the Georgian lan-

guage from all fields of human creation: from the divine service, literary writing,

science, schools of all levels. Exactly at that period translation of the Holy Scrip-

ture into Megrelain and Svan began. By the struggle of its worthy sons the nation

resisted the powers wishing to humiliate the Georgian-language culture.

At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries this opposition was embodied by two well-

known clelrgymen: Ambrosi Khelaia and Ivan Vostorgov. In particular:

Ambrosi Khelaia, a great father, brought up in Samegrelo, subsequently the Ca-

tholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, defended the Georgian language in centuries-old

churches of Samegrelo and other areas of Georgia.

Russian occupation; Anti‐crisis council scientific conference of the parliament of Georgia: ‘Perspectives for the restoration of entirety of Georgia’, 13 October, 2008; http://www.scribd.com/doc/6505547/The‐Perspectives‐of‐Restoration‐of‐the‐Entirety‐of‐the‐Territory‐of‐Georgia


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Ivan Vostorgov, a Russian priest, subsequently a famous political figure, sought

to expel the Georgian language from the Georgian Apostolic Church. Namely, in

historic areas of Georgia - Samegrelo, Svaneti and Abkhazia - he tried to replace

the Georgian language, the traditional language of divine service, with local dia-

lects, in fact, with the Russian language.

From the 1910s-20s the struggle for the Georgian language intensified further:

two well-known scholars Ivane Javakhishvili and Nicholas Marr sharply opposed

one another from the veiwpoint of the role of the Georgian language and planning

of Kartvelology. In particular, Nicholas Marr, defending interests of the Russian

Academy of Sciences, denied the Georgian language as the language of science and

education, whereas Ivane Javakhishvili, continuing the path of the great ancestors,

tried to revive the 15-century-old educational and scientific tradition of the

Georgian language30. There was also a sharp confrontation between Nicholas

Marr and Ivane Javakhishvili concerning the necessity of the Georgian University

and the qualification of the Kartevlian linguistic world.

Over the short period of independence of Georgia the “Georgian Free Universi-

ty" was founded in Tbilisi under the leadership of the Ivane Javakhishvili

(10.05.1917) and scholarly Kartvelology began to develop at rapid pace. This pro-

cess was hindered by the conquering of Georgia by Soviet Russia.

The authorities of Soviet Empire, created by Joseph Stalin, turned into the offi-

cial position of the state the provisions politicized by tsarist Russia and wrapped in

scholarly terminology by Nicholas Marr, according to which, the population of

Samegrelo and Svaneti was declared as having no writing31; as a result, the status

30 On discussion of N. Marr and Iv. Javakhishvili in more detail, see Tariel Putkaradze, Ia Vashakidze, Two Types of Planning of Kartvelology in 1917‐1935, Tb., 2011 31 E.g.. in J.Stalin’s book: "Marxism and the National Question" (Tb., 1951) one reads: "There are a number of peoples in the Caucasus, which have a primitive culture, a peculiar language, but do not have their native literature ... What shall we do with such peoples: Megrels, Abkhazians, Acharans, Lezghins, and others, who speak different languages, but do not have their own literature?" (pp. 138‐139)... "The National issue in the Caucasus can be solved only in the


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of the so-called unwritten languages was established for Megrelian, Laz and

Svan32. In parallel, at first Ivane Javakhishvili was dismissed from the post of the

rector (and later was expelled from the university founded by him), and subse-

quently the Georgian University founded by Ivane Javakhishvili and other great

figures was dissolved totally /1930/.

Three years later the communist government of the empire founded (1933) in

fact a new state university, which was purposefully turned into a stronghold of po-

liticized Kartvelology. However, by the efforts of well-known researchers a lot of

scholarly Kartvelological projects were implemented even at this type of university.

Favourable conditions for the revival of scholarly Kartvelology emerged after

the breakup of the Soviet Union, when on the basis of a general public referendum

on April 9, 1991 the Republic of Georgia declared the restoration of its independ-

ence. In 1991 the authorities of Georgia announced that from 1801 until 1991

Georgia was occupied by Russia and the process of de-occupation of Georgia be-

gan legally. At the same time, approaches of Ilia Chavchavadze, Ambrosi Khelaia,

Ivane Javakhishvili and others towards essential questions of Kartvelology intensi-

fied.

After the declaration of independence (1991) Georgia found itself at the cross-

roads of a many-sided geopolitical controversy. Naturally, the interested parties

strive to demonstrate the linguistic-ethnic history and present of the Georgian na-

tion according to their own interests.

Different subjective approaches are directly reflected in the planning of

Kartvelology as well. In this respect, powers wishing to revive the Russian Empire

direction that the belated nations and peoples (Megrels, Svans, Acharans ... emphasis is mine ‐ T.P.) be placed in the common framework of supreme culture" (p. 142). 32 For discussion see: T.Putkaradze, The Georgians, 2005, pp. 43-44; T.Bolkvadze, Kartvelian Diglos-sia, Questions of the Georgian Literary Language: History and Contemporaneity (first collection), Tbilisi, 2007, p. 221.


35

are especially active. For the purpose of maintaining the Caucasus, they have car-

ried out ethnic cleansing in marginal regions of Georgia and are now trying to

manage the identity of the population of other areas of the country. The managing

of the identity of the population occurs by means of purposeful falsification of the

historical and current reality. For this purpose, misinformative reports and quasi-

scholarly qualifications on the Kartvelian linguistic-ethnic world are intensively

disseminated in the global network.

From the beginning of the 21st century certain powers actively try to disrupt the

linguistic-ethnic unity of the Georgian nation and to legalize this with the help of

documents of the Council of Europe as well. In particular, there is an attempt to

impose on Georgia an incorrect interpretation of the "European Charter for Region-

al or Minority Languages". The “Charter for Languages”, from the legal and cul-

tural point of view, is a high-level document, but in the case of its wrong interpreta-

tion, it may become the basis for disintegration of any powerful country. As a result

of the dual interpretation of the “Charter for Languages”, Georgian and European

experts offer two kinds of qualifications of the Kartvelian linguistic world:

1. According to traditional Georgian and some foreign sources, the Kartvelian

linguistic world is represented as one language – the Georgian language - and more

than 20 dialects;

2. By the inertia of the official positions of the empires of tsarist Russia and So-

viet Russia, the Kartevelian linguistic world is represented as four /or three/ inde-

pendent

languages, of which Megrelian, Laz and Svan are qualified as regional or minor-

ity languages33.

33 In more detail see: T.Putkaradze, E.Dadiani, R.Sherozia, "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" and Georgia ", Kutaisi, 2010; http://www.scribd.com/doc/35702700/Tariel‐Putkaradze‐Eka‐Dadiani‐Revaz‐Seroozia‐2010; Linguistic Situation in Conflict Regions ‐ The Abkhazia Border within Russia according to 1989 Census Data and Politicized Linguistig Mars; SKASE Journal of


36

In the present-day highly dynamic world, Kartvelological academic research

and wide dissemination of its results have essential importance. Against this back-

ground, the primary objective of the Kartvelological Centre of the Georgian Uni-

versity is to make its contribution to the formation of the unified international

scholarly domain. Today, more than ever, it is necessary that we, Kartvelologists

living in the states of the Caucasian region, /linguists, historians, ethnologists.../

carry out joint research through the cooperation with the American, European, Rus-

sian and Asian scholars.

Naturally, the Kartvelological Centre of the Georgian University cannot plan re-

search in all directions of Kartvelology; the scholarly group of the Centre is con-

centrated around a number of scholarly projects. In particular, at the current stage

we have set three main objectives:

1. Documentation and research of the Kartvelian folk heritage being under

threat, especially dialects, folklore and ethnographic material of the Georgians

living beyond the borders of Georgia (Taoans, Livanans, Laz, Machakhelians,

Shavshetians, Ingilos/ Hers, Fereidanians). I hope that we will be able to achieve

this objective by implementation of joint projects with our Turk, Iranian and

Azebaijanian colleagues.

2. Study of Megrelian-Laz, Svan, Taoan, Livanan, Ingilo and Fereidanian

vocabulary for the purpose of enrichment of the lexical basis of the literary

language of the Georgians (creation of an electronic dictionary of recommended

words).

3. Commenting on wrong terminological qualifications, inaccurate infor-

mation and inadequate maps, found in academic encyclopedias and electronic

directories (international as well as national ones) concerning the Georgian lan-

guage and culture, providing objective information to publishers.Critical analysis

Theoretical Linguistics, volume 5 – 2008, #1. The Slovak Association for the Study of English & University Library of Presov University; http://www.pulib.sk/skase/Volumes/JTL11/index.html.


37

of the so-called historical-territorial ideologemes having the Abkhazian and Osse-

tian colouring, created in the area of the Russian Empire

The presentation discusses in detail the third problem. Namely, critical analysis

is given of quasi-scholarly qualifications on the Georgian nation and the Kartvelian

linguistic world, created in the area of the Empire, which are disseminated almost

with no alternative in the contemporary encyclopaedic and internet space (see rele-

vant maps and their internet addresses here in the Georgian version of the presenta-

tion).

Every nation, ethnos or ethnic group has the right to have access to exhaustive

information on its own linguistic-ethnic, state and cultural history. Objective hu-

manitarian science creates a firm foundation for peace between peoples and states,

whereas quasi-science, deformed by political purposes, creates a war ideology. It is

fact that chauvinistic "scholarly" /biased/ provisions of different directions greatly

harmed all big and small nations of the world, including the Caucasian peoples.

Humanitarian science should be oriented towards peace and not towards pro-

voking confrontation.

After the collapse of the Soviet empire, new opportunities emerged for the peo-

ples of the Caucasus. We, scholars, should create a firm foundation in order that the

nations and ethnoses of the Caucasian-Western Asian region perceive objectively

their linguistic-ethnic identity and see each other better. I think that participants

of the present Kartvelological scholarly conference will take a modest step towards

lasting peace.

Finally I would like to note:

The Kartvelological Centre of the Georgian University will try as far as possible

to turn scholarly Kartvelology into an interesting arena of researchers of various

countries. Especially we, Kartvelologists/Caucasologists working in the states of

the Caucasian region - Georgia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Iran and Rus-

sia/North Caucasus - by organization of joint research and scholarly forums, are


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able to activate linguistic-ethnic and culturological studies in the direction of

Kartvelology proper as well as Georgian- North Caucasian, Georgian-Armenian,

Georgian-Turkish, Georgian-Azerbaijanian and Georgian-Iranian historical rela-

tionship. Exactly joint research will facilitate peace and mutual respect between

communities living in the Caucasus.

tariel futkaraZe qarTvelologiis aqtualuri problemebi da ... `kavkasia da sulieri kulturis Zeglebi"...

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