Imperialism: International Economic Organizations

The Use of The Use of National Power to National Power to

ProtectProtectNational Self-InterestNational Self-Interest

Background Vocabulary Terms• Imperialism – is the control of the sovereignty of

one nation by another nation• Segregation – occurs where one population

exists apart from another population• Accommodation – occurs when two or more

cultures live side by side, maintaining their own identity yet sharing specific aspects of each culture

• Annihilation – occurs when one population imposes their culture on another culture

Imperialism in IndiaImperialism in India• India under Mogul Empire since 1200s• Muslims and Hindus rallied behind the emperors• English, French, Portuguese, and Dutch

merchants established trade in 1498• Mogul Emperors was strong until 1712• Government efficiency began to decline and

provincial governors became more independent• War broke out between the religious groups• Rival Indian princes began competing for power

Imperialism in IndiaEstablishing British RuleEstablishing British RuleWorking in groups of three, each member will read and make point form notes on one of the following:•Sepoy Rebellion and Colonial Rule (pages 163-164)

•Economic Changes (pages 164-165)

•Social Changes (page 165)

You will have 10 minutes to make the notes and then another 10 minutes to copy the notes from the other two members of your group. Discuss what you learned with your group members.

Imperialism in IndiaIndian NationalismIndian Nationalism•In 1885 the Indian National Congress was formed by well-educated, middle class Indians•It originally campaigned for free compulsory education for boys and girls and greater representation in local governments•In 1900s Mohandas Gandhi rallied support for independence by promoting a return to ancient traditions•He eventually united the Hindus population

.Question: What do you know about drugs???Question: What do you know about drugs???

What effects does drug use have on a person?What effects does drug use have on a person?

.Question: What do you know about drugs???Question: What do you know about drugs???

What effects does drug use have on a person?What effects does drug use have on a person?

• Euphoria – little desire to do anything productive• Addiction – need to use the drug again

.Question: What do you know about drugs???Question: What do you know about drugs???

What effects does drug use have on a person?What effects does drug use have on a person?

• Euphoria – little desire to do anything productive• Addiction – need to use the drug again• But need $$$’s for more drugs …

Disregard for social structures/conventions Criminal behaviour

Imperialism in ChinaImperialism in China• China ruled by Ming dynasty since the 1300s• In 1644 Manchurian invaders from the north

claimed they received a Mandate of Heaven and overwhelmed the Ming dynasty to establish rule

• China, under the Manchu, had a strong central government, well established social culture, and advanced scientific and technological achievements

Imperialism in China• By 1700s, mainly because of trade, China was

probably the wealthiest, most powerful country in the world

• Western traders in the 1600s and 1700s valued Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain

• China restricted foreign merchants to only trading in the city of Canton and required gold and silver for goods

• Now for the drugs and as an added bonus … famines, taxes, and rebellions

Imperialism in ChinaOpium Wars•In 1800s British merchants were trading opium grown in India and Turkey for Chinese silver and products

(What problems would this have created for China?)

Imperialism in ChinaOpium Wars•In 1800s British merchants were trading opium grown in India and Turkey for Chinese silver and products

(What problems would this have created for China?)

•In 1839 the Chinese government destroyed $6 million worth of opium that the British merchants brought to Canton•In 1840 the British used their superior weapons to attacked Chinese forces and seized Canton

Imperialism in ChinaRead pages 168 – 170.Make point form notes on the following.

Taiping RebellionChanging Economic InfluenceHundred Days of ReformBoxer Rebellion1911 Revolution

(make sure to highlight the 3 Principles of the People)

Imperialism in ChinaSo …

What were some of the reasons that lead to China losing its position as a wealthy and

powerful country?(think of internal issues & external forces)

Imperialism in JapanImperialism in Japan• The Japanese response to European contact

prior to the 19th century was based on:• Policies of total isolation; and• Ruthless persecution of Japanese Christians(What does this tell us able the Japanese political ideology?)

Imperialism in JapanImperialism in Japan• The United States used their military power to persuade

the Japanese to negotiate a restricted trade agreement.• Japan was actually more impressed with the American

military technology than the potential benefits of trade with the West.

“May our country, taking what is good, and rejecting what is bad, be not inferior to any other.” – Emperor, 867

Read pages 171 - 172

Imperialism in JapanImperialism in Japan• The Japanese response to the new realities of Western

presence was to adopt policies of modernization. They realized that not to modernize would make them as vulnerable as China.

• Make note of the following (pages 172 – 175)The Meji Period/Abolition of FeudalismConstitutional GovernmentEconomic and Social ChangeJapanese Expansion in the Pacific

.So …

Why was the fate of Japan so different than the fate of China?

.So …

Why was the fate of Japan so different than the fate of China?

• Abolition of the Shogunate• Establishment of the Meiji (enlightened government)• Adoption of Western technology (Industrial Revolution)• Development of textile industry• Development of modern banking system• Adoption of Western laws codes• Adoption of a constitution and elected legislature• Develop a system of public education• Develop a modern army and navy• Adopt policies of imperialism

Imperialism in EgyptImperialism in Egypt• People in North Africa, including Egypt, had had

contact with other people since ancient times• Islamic culture helped shape the political and

social life of Egyptian people• In 1500s the Ottoman Turks ruled most of

Northern Africa • In 1798 Napoleon invaded Egypt and ended the

Ottoman rule• This lead to a long civil war and in 1805

Muhammad Ali seized control of the country

Imperialism in Egypt• Ali suppressed his opponents and began to

reform Egypt• Introduced more efficient agriculture techniques• Constructed irrigation systems• Promoted the growing of cash crops (cotton, sugar,

tobacco) to be sold to world markets• Established local schools and paid for scholars to

study in Europe• Set up textile mills, iron works, and shipyards• Reorganized the military

Imperialism in EgyptSo …

What positives do you see with this plan?

What issue do you see with this plan?

Imperialism in EgyptSo …

What positives do you see with this plan?• Modernizing• Taking control of own countries fate• Embracing Assimilation

What issue do you see with this plan?• All this costs money• Borrowed money from European banks• Europeans gained political and economic control• Europeans began to pressure Egypt for their own interests

Imperialism in EgyptRead pages 146 and 147 and make notes on:

The Suez CanalBritish OccupationThe Fashoda Incident

You will be divided into 4 groups and will have 10 minutes to discuss one of the following questions. You will then share your thought with the class.

How did the policies of imperialism and annihilation affect India?

How did the policies of segregation and accommodation affect Japan?

How did the policy of segregation affect China?

How did the policy of assimilation affect Egypt?