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guram TavarTqilaZis saswavlo universitetis samecniero SromaTa

krebuli

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GURAM TAVARTKILADZE TEACHING UNIVERSITY VOLUME OF SCIENTIFIC

WORKS

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Tbilisi - Tbilisi

2011

guram TavarTqilaZis saswavlo universitetis samecniero SromaTa krebuli

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guram TavarTqilaZis saswavlo universitetis

samecniero SromaTa krebulis saredaqcio sabWo

saredaqcio sabWos Tavmjdomare

prof. giorgi maTiaSvili

saredaqcio sabWos Semadgenloba:

prof. balanCivaZe revaz — mTavari redaqtori

prof. TavarTqilaZe amiran — pasuxismgebeli mdivani

prof. bustra Cerek /niderlandebis samefo/

prof. diakoniZe inga

prof. veinands dik /niderlandebis samefo/

prof. vekua marina

prof. iakubovski sergei /odesa/

prof. lobJaniZe givi

prof. nizhad hamid /aSS/

prof. Jvania Taliko

prof. rue Jil /safrangeTi./

prof. JRenti Temuri

prof. strome Carlz morgani /aSS/

prof. ukleba maia

prof. ficxelauri Sengeli

prof. CageliSvili lali

prof. hainesi barbare /aSS/.

© Sromebis krebuli, 2011

gamomcemloba `universali~, 2011 Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30 E–mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-9941-17-347-9

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guram TavarTqilaZis saswavlo universitetis samecniero SromaTa krebuli, ro-

gorc mravaldargobrivi Jurnali, aerTianebs ekonomikur, socialur, humanitarul da

samarTlis mecnierebebs. am JurnalTan TanamSromloba, garda Cveni universitetis

profesorebisa, SeuZliaT sxva universitetebis profesorebsac, maT Soris, ucxoel

avtorebsac. Jurnalis mizania xeli Seuwyos zemoaRniSnul dargebSi, upirveles yovlisa,

umaRles saswaleblebSi moRvawe profesor-maswavleblebis mecnieruli kvleva-Ziebis

Semdgom ganviTarebas, originaluri koncefciebisa da inovaciebis warmoCenas, am dar-

gebis winsvlaSi Cvens monawileobas, samecniero saqmianobaSi axalgazrda specialiste-

bis CarTvas, maTi samecniero potencialis amaRlebas. krebulis saredaqcio sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Sedian qarTveli da ucxoeli mec-

nierebi, zemoaRniSnuli dargebis kvalificiuri specialistebi. ucxoel mecnierTa mo-

nawileoba saredaqcio sabWos SemadgenlobaSi aamaRlebs krebulis avtoritets, saSua-

lebas mogvcems gavafarTooT akademiuri kontaqtebi da xels Seuwyobs sxvadasxva qvey-

nis mecnierTa mozidvas krebulSi saTanamSromlod. Tavis mxriv, es SesaZlebels gax-

dis imas, rom maTi samecniero produqcia, originaluri koncefciebi da kvlevebi ga-

vacnoT qarTul samecniero inteligencias, davgegmoT erToblivi proeqtebi. saerTaSoriso kontaqtebis gafarToebis mizniT sasurvelad migvaCnia, krebulSi

saTanado adgili davuTmoT saqarTveloSi moqmedi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis

kvlevis Sedegebs, maT mier SemoTavazebuli daskvnebisa da rekomendaciebis gaSuqebas.

Scientific Proceedings of Guram Tavartkiladze Teaching University are a multi branch journal covers

economic, social and humanitarian and law sciences. Professors of other HEI as well as foreign authors can cooperate with our scientific journal.

The purpose of the journal is to foster scientific research development in different scientific fields mentioned above, support the introduction of the innovations, our participation in the development of these fields. It will also support the involvement of the young specialists, raise their scientific potential.

The editorial board of the journal consists of well-known Georgian and foreign scientists, highly qualified specialists. Participation of the foreign authors will support the exchange scientific product between Georgian and foreign scientists that will make it possible to carry out joint scientific projects.

In order to enhance international cooperation, the journal presents and reviews the conclusions and recommendations, the research results carried out by the international organizations acting in Georgia.


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S i n a a r s i

samarTlis mecnierebebi

venedi beniZe — sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis srulyofisaTvis ......................................6 helmut kuri, ediSer futkaraZe, mixeil viurgeri — danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi

qarTvel studentebSi................................................................................................................12 givi lobJaniZe — mmarTveloba da TviTmmarTveloba CineTSi /samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi/ ..29 Sengeli ficxelauri - mtkicebulebaTa aRmoCenisa da amoRebis universaluri samecni-

ero-teqnikuri saSualebebisa da specializebuli kompleqtebis Seqmna..................36 roman Sengelia, ekaterine Sengelia — saerTaSoriso Svileba-gaSvilebis samarTlebrivi

safuZvlebi ....................................................................................................................................42 sergo WeliZe — nivTieri obieqtebis mtkicebulebad gamoyenebis istoriuli aspeqtebi.....48

ekonomikuri mecnierebebi

daviT vekua — fiskaluri politikis srulyofisa da sainvesticio garemos gaumjobesebis

gzebi saqarTveloSi....................................................................................................................53 amiran TavarTqilaZe — saqarTvelo — biznesis dawyebis reformatori.....................................59 sofiko TevdoraZe — globalizacia da transnacionaluri kompaniebi

sastumro industriaSi ..............................................................................................................69 lia ToTlaZe — saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo sawarmoTa marTvis srulyofis sakiTxisaTvis..73 sergei iakubovski, tatiana rodionova — mikroekonomikuri disbalansi centralur

da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi...........................................................................................78 daviT kalandariSvili, liana yaralaSvili — erTi tipis sakuTriv mniSvnelobaTa

amocana dabali rigis matricebisaTvis................................................................................84 vasil kaciaSvili — ISO 9001-2000 /xarisxis marTva/ standarti da saoperacio riskis

marTvis urTierTkavSiri..........................................................................................................94 naTela lacabiZe — afxazeTidan da cxinvalis regionidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul

pirTa umuSevrobis mizezebi da dasaqmebis srulyofis gzebi......................................102 Taliko Jvania — swavlebis marTvis sistemebSi kompleqsuri Sefasebis testis formi-

rebis algoriTmi .........................................................................................................................109 Carlz morgan strome — dagegmva — sagadasaxado administraciis ZiriTadi ininstru-

menti ganviTarebad qveynebSi ..................................................................................................115 laSa tabataZe — socialur-ekonomikuri politikis prioritetebi da saxelwifos

strategia.......................................................................................................................................119 koba CageliSvili — saqonlis winwawevis meTodebi ...........................................................................125 lali CageliSvili — inovaciuri ekonomika globalizaciis pirobebSi.....................................130

socialuri da humanitaruli mecnierebebi

nona axalaSvili — lideris fenomeni politikur fsiqologiaSi ................................................137 Tamar barbaqaZe — akaki wereTeli da „qarTlis Wiri~........................................................................144 nana gogiCaSvili — geniosis fsiqopaTologiuri maxasiaTeblebi ...............................................151 mildred kalandariSvili — sad aris dasasrulis dasawyisi an dasawyisis dasasruli?!.....158 guram kutalaZe — wunda /etimologiuri cda/....................................................................................163 laura kutubiZe — zubaSvili — faqtisa da komentaris urTierTmimarTeba .............................167 elza lomiZe — agonuris zogierTi aspeqti Tanamedrove JurnalistikaSi ...............................172 Tamar merabiSvili — diskursis arsi......................................................................................................178 Tamar fanculaia — zneobis filosofiis sakiTxebi .........................................................................182 lali yaulaSvili — anTimoz iverieli — ganmanaTlebeli da mestambe .......................................190 marine CageliSvili — Sefasebis roli ucxouri /inglisuri/ enis swavlebisas ......................194 dali CikvilaZe — presis genezisisaTvis .............................................................................................201

gaxseneba

valeri vaSakiZe — TinaTin yauxCiSvili — mkvlevari da maswavlebeli ........................................208

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CONTENTS

SCIENCES OF LAW

Venedi Benidze – For Completion of Criminal Law Legislation ............................................................................. 6 Helmut Kury, Edisher Phutkaradze, Micheil Wuerger – Fear of the Criminal Violation in Georgian Students ...12 Givi Lobzhanidze – Government and Self-government in China /Legislative aspects/ ............................................29 Shengeli Pitskelauri – Creation of Universal Scientific and Technical Means and Specialized Packages for

Discovering and Picking up the Evidences ............................................................................................36 Roman Shengelia, Ekaterine Shengelia – Legal Bases of The International Adoption .........................................42 Sergo Chelidze – Historic Aspects of Application of material obiects as Evidances................................................48

SCIENCES of ECONOMICS

David Vekua – Ways of Elaborating Fiscal Policy and of Improving Investment Environment ..............................53 Amiran Tavartkiladze – Georgia -- a Reformer Nation in Ease of Doing Business Index ....................................59 Sopiko Tevdoradze –GFlobalization and Transnational Companies in Hotel Industries ..........................................69 Lia Totladze –The Improvement in Management in State Enterprises in Georgia ...................................................73 S.O. Yakubovskiy, T.A. Rodionova – External Imbalances of Central and Eastern European Countries ................78 David Kalandarishvili, L. Karalashvili – Eigenvalue Problem for The Certain Type of The Low order

Matrices ................................................................................................................................................84 Vasil Katsiashvili – ISO 9001-2000 and operational Risk Management..................................................................94 Natela Latsabidze – Unemployment And The Ways of Improving Employment for Internally Displaced

Person ....................................................................................................................................................102 Taliko Zhvania – An Algorithm of forming a Test of Complex Estimation in E- learning management System ....109 Charles M. Stromme – Tax Targets Hurt Tax Administration .................................................................................115 Lasha Tabatadze – The Priorities of Social Policyand State Strategy......................................................................119 Koba Chagelishvili – Promotion in Retail Chain .....................................................................................................125 Lali Chagelishvili – Innovative Economyunde The Conditions of Globalization ....................................................130

SOCIAL AND HUMANITY SCIENCES

Nona Akhalashvili – Phenomena of Leader in Political Psychology .......................................................................137 Tamar Barbakadze – Akaki Tsereteli and `Kartlis Chiri~. The Misfortunes of Georgia/ .......................................144 Nana Gogichashvili - Psychopathological cCharacteristics of Geniuses .................................................................151 Mildred Kalandarishvili – Where is The Beginning of The End or The End of The Beginning .............................158 Guram KutaladZe - Tsunda /Etimological Experiment/ .........................................................................................163 Laura Kutubidze - Zubashvili – Relation Between Fact and Comment ..................................................................167 Elza Lomidze –Aspects of Agonistic in Modern Journalism ...................................................................................172 Tamar Merabishvili – Discourse as a Phenomenon .................................................................................................178 Tamar Panculaia – Issues of Philosophy of Morality .............................................................................................182 Lali Kaulashvili – Antimoz Iverieli – Enlightener and Typographer .......................................................................190 Marine Chagelishvili – The Role of Assessment in English Language Teaching....................................................194 Dali Chikviladze – The Issue of Genesis of Press.....................................................................................................201

MEMORIAL

Valeri Vashakidze – Tinatin Khaukhchishvili - Researcher and Teacher................................................................208


6

samarTlis mecnierebebi

venedi beniZe

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis srulyofisaTvis

2010 wlis 1 oqtombers amoqmedda saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2009 wlis 7 oq-

tombers miRebuli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romlis dadebiTi da uaryo-

fiTi mxareebis srulyofili Sefaseba da ganzogadeba am etapisaTvis SeuZlebelia uaR-

resad mwiri sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikis uqonlobis gamo, Tumca zogierTi

mosazreba axali saproceso kanonmdeblobis avkargianobasTan dakavSirebiT mainc SeiZ-

leba gamoiTqvas, miT umetes, sakiTxi exeba iseT umniSvnelovanes sakanonmdeblo aqts,

romelzedac damokidebulia araerTi adamianis bedi da momavali. ar SeiZleba gverdi avuaroT da dadebiT movlenad ar miviCnioT is garemoeba, rom

axalma kodeqsma kvlav daamkvidra is ZiriTadi principebi, romlebic detalurad iyo ga-

werili 1998 wlis 20 Tebervals miRebul sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi. upir-

veles yovlisa, aRniSnuli exeba iseT fuZemdeblur principebs, rogoricaa pirovnebis

Rirsebis dacva, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba, sasamarTlo sxdomis sajarooba da

zepiroba, kanonireba da sasamarTlos damoukidebloba da rac mTavaria, mxareTa Sejib-

rebiToba da Tanasworoba. swored am principebis danergva da ganxorcieleba iyo saqar-

Tvelos konstituciisa da 1998 wlis 20 Tebervals miRebuli saproceso kanonmdeblobis

mTavari monapovari, rameTu am ori umniSvnelovanesi samarTlebrivi dokumentiT sabo-

lood eTqva uari dromoWmul, sabWour epoqaSi danergil inkviziciur process. misasalmebelia, rom axalma kodeqsma gaagrZela saxelmwifos mier 90-iani wlebis

bolodan aRebuli kursi da zemoxsenebuli principebis damkvidrebiT Seqmna adamianis

uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvis myari garantiebi. Sesabamisad, am principebis

ganxorcielebis gzebma da meTodebma saTanado asaxva hpova mis konkretul normebSi.

aRniSnulis sailustraciod araerTi magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba, magram Cven mxolod

ramodenimeze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas. moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-9-e muxlSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnu-

li, rom ,,sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebisTanave sisxlis samarTlis procesi xor-

cieldeba mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze~. procesSi monawile

mxares ufleba aqvs TviTon an sasamarTlos meSveobiT moipovos mtkicebuleba da warud-

ginos igi sasamarTlos. amave kodeqsis 25-e muxlis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlos aekrZala

braldebis damadasturebel an dacvis xelSemwyob mtkicebulebaTa damoukideblad mo-

poveba da gamokvleva da es mxolod mxareebis prerogativa gaxda. SemoRebul iqna infor-

maciis gacvla braldebisa da dacvis mxareebis mier SesaZlo mtkicebulebaTa wardgenis

Taobaze, amasTan, dacvis mxares mtkicebulebasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis gacvlis

Taobaze mieca sagamonakliso ufleba. axali kodeqsiT gauqmda winaswari gamoZieba da Se-

sabamisad, mxareTa mier mtkicebis da dacvis ganxorcielebis tvirTi sasamarTloSi ga-

davida. 4 Tvidan 2 Tvemde Semcirda gamoZiebis dros braldebulTa winaswar patimrobaSi

yofnis vada. SemoRebul iqna winasasamarTlo sxdoma, romelic erTgvari filtraciaa

saqmis mTavar sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvisaTvis. Seicvala mowmeTa da dazaralebul-

Ta dakiTxvis wesebic da aseTi unda moxdes ara gamoZiebaSi, aramed sasamarTloSi. garda

aRniSnulisa, axali kodeqsiT SemoRebul iqna sxva araerTi norma, romelmac, Cveni az-

riT, kanonis ganuxrelad dacvis SemTxvevaSi, unda uzrunvelyos swrafi da samarTliani

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba, aRkveTos adamianis konstituciur uflebaTa da Ta-

visuflebaTa aramarTlzomieri SezRudva.

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miuxedavad zemoaRniSnuli dadebiTi momentebisa, axali sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kodeqsi dazRveuli ar aris Secdomebisagan da aqedan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom

misi calkeuli, zogjer urTierTsawinaaRmdego debulebebi uaryofiTad imoqmedebs im

Rirebulebebis dacvaze, romlis Sesaxebac zemoT gvqonda saubari. axali kodeqsis miRebaze da mis Semdegac, samecniero wreebSi, praqtikos iuristeb-

sa da sazogadoebaSi cxare kamaTi mimdinareobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos insti-

tutis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT. gamoiTqva araerTi gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba. nawi-

li dadebiTad afasebs mis damkvidrebas, xolo nawils mkveTrad uaryofiTi pozicia

aqvs. Cven swored am ukanasknel pozicias viziarebT da ai ratom. cnobilia, rom yvela gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni unda iyos: 1. kanonieri — (anu igi gamotanili unda iyos saqarTvelos konstituciis da sxva ka-

nonebis moTxovnaTa dacviT); 2. dasabuTebuli (anu misi daskvnebi unda emyarebodes sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxi-

lul utyuar mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas da ganaCenSi Camoyalibebuli yvela das-

kvna da gadawyvetileba dasabuTebuli unda iyos). 3. samarTliani (anu daniSnuli sasjeli Seesabamebodes damnaSavis pirovnebas da

mis mier Cadenili danaSaulis simZimes). maSasadame, kanoni piris msjavrdebisaTvis moiTxovs am samive komponentis arsebo-

bas. ra mdgomareobaa am mimarTebiT nafic msajulTa monawileobiT ganxilul saqmesTan

mimarTebaSi? rogorc cnobilia, nafic msajulebs gamoaqvT verdiqti (gamamtyunebeli

an gamamrTlebeli). es verdiqti (Tu cxadia nafici msajulebic manamde ar iqna daTxov-

nili) savaldebuloa saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlisaTvis. nafici msajulebi arc ga-

mamtyunebel da arc gamamarTlebel verdiqts ar asabuTeben. savaldebuloa mxolod

formis dacva (ra saqme ganixiles, vis mimarT da scnes igi damnaSaved Tu gaamarTles).

mosamarTle am verdiqtis safuZvelze valdebulia gamoitanos Sesabamisi ganaCeni (ga-

mamtyunebeli Tu gamamarTlebeli) da igi valdebuli ar aris daasabuTos, ratom gamoi-

tana aseTi gadawyvetileba. maSasadame, gamodis, rom ganaCenis savaldebulo komponentidan erT-erTi umTav-

resi — dasabuTebuloba saxeze ara gvaqvs. amdenad msjavrdebulisaTvis Tu sxva mxari-

saTvis gaugebari rCeba, ra mtkicebulebaTa utyuar erTobliobas emyareboda jer ver-

diqti da Semdeg ganaCeni. cxadia, aseTis ar arsebobis pirobebSi, rogorc braldebis,

ise dacvis mxares gauWirdeba daasabuTos da moiyvanos sawinaaRmdego argumentebi mo-

samarTlis mier miRebul ukanono gadawyvetilebasTan dakavSirebiT. am sakiTxze evro-

pis adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sasamarTloSi ukve Seqmnilia precendenti da igi male

gaxdeba cnobili farTo sazogadoebisaTvis. saqmis nafic msajulTa monawileobiT ganxilvis dros didi albaTobaa imisa, rom

daSvebuli iqnes Secdoma da gadawyvetileba miRebul iqnes ufro emociur fonze da

ara saTanado mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT. amis fiqris safuZvels gvaZlevs is gare-

moeba, rom nafici msajulebi araprofesionalebi arian da bunebrivia, maT gauWirdebaT

iseT rTul labirinTebSi garkveva, rogoric aris mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba. marTalia

mosamarTle maT aZlevs saTanado ganmartebas da Sesabamisad, gamamtyunebeli Tu gama-

marTlebeli verdiqtis formas, magram es ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom nafici msa-

julebi saqmis arsSi detalurad gaerkvnen da samarTlebrivad daasabuTon maT mier mi-

Rebuli gadawyvetileba. mtkicebiTi samarTali Tavisi bunebiT erT-erTi urTulesi

dargia da xSir SemTxvevaSi am dargis specialistebsac ki uWirT mis calkeul niuanseb-

Si garkveva. aseT pirobebSi araspecialistma naficma msajulma rom Secdoma dauSvas,

srulebiTac ar aris gasakviri. saboloo jamSi gvinda davaskvnaT, rom nafic msajulTa

mier gamotanili verdiqti albaTobis maRali xarisxiT iZleva safuZvels, rom miRebu-

li iqnes ukanono da dausabuTebeli gadawyvetileba. SeiZleba vinme Semogvedaos, aseTi

Secdoma SesaZlebelia gamocdilma iuristmac dauSvaso, magram dameTanxmebiT, rom

kargi profesionalis mier saqmis ganxilvis pirobebSi Secdomis daSvebis albaToba ga-

cilebiT naklebia.


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kanonis seriozul xarvezad migvaCnia nafic msajulTa monawileobiT saqmis ganxil-

va mxolod TbilisSi. Tu nafic msajulTa monawileobiT saqmis ganxilva ufro efeqtu-

ria da met garantiebs qmnis adamianTa kanonieri uflebebis dasacavad, maSin ra daaSaves

zugdidis, goris, rusTavis an sxva raionis Tu qalaqis mcxovreblebma? maT ra, ar sWir-

debaT garantiebi Tavisi uflebebis dasacavad? cxadia am kanonproeqtis avtorebi Semo-

medavebian, rom jer-jerobiT es xom eqsperimentiao, magram Cvenis azriT, eqsperimenti

sakuTari mosaxleobis mimarT sruliad miuRebelia da arafriT ar aris gamarTlebuli.

swori iqneboda, nafic msajulTa monawileobiT saqmis ganxilva Tundac erT konkretul

muxlze momxdariyo saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze da ara mxolod TbilisSi. aseTia

TiTqmis yvela qveynis praqtika, xolo Tu Tbilisis garda Sesabamisi baza ar aris, ar un-

da gveCqara da roca aseTi baza Seiqmneboda, Semdeg migveRo gadawyvetileba. sruliad dausabuTeblad da mizanSeuwonlad migvaCnia dazaralebulis institu-

tis Sesusteba da Sesabamisad, dazaralebulis uflebamosilebis SezRudva. aq sityva

`Sesusteba~ mxolod pirobiTad SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli, radgan faqtobrivad es

instituti wminda formalobad gadaiqca da dazaralebuli Tavisi ufleba-movaleobe-

biT mxolod procesis iseTive monawilea, rogoric mowme, Tarjimani, damswre da a.S.

dazaralebuli axali kanonmdeblobis mixedviT aRar aris mxare da Sesabamisad, aRar

aqvs ufleba moipovos da waradginos mtkicebulebebi, monawileoba miiRos mis gamok-

vlevaSi da gamoTqvas sakuTari mosazrebebi, gaasaCivros misi azriT mosamarTlis (sa-

samarTlos) ukanono da dausabuTebeli gadawyvetilebani, sakuTari Sexeduleba ga-

moTqvas sasjelis RonisZiebasTan dakavSirebiT da sxva. is, rom dazaralebuls ufleba

aqvs prokurorisagan winaswar miiRos informacia winasasamarTlo da mTavari sasamar-

Tlo sxdomis Catarebis adgilisa da drois Sesaxeb. aseve is, rom sasamarTloSi saqmis

arsebiTi ganxilvisa da sasjelis Sefardebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo sxdomaze misces Cve-

neba zianis Sesaxeb da ufasod miiRos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis (ganCinebis, ganaCenisda sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebis) aslebi, arafers cvlis, radgan rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mas am infor-

maciis miRebiT araviTari berketi ar gaaCnia zemoqmedeba moaxdinos daSvebul ukano-

nobaze — miRebul arasamarTlian gadawyvetilebaze. SesaZlebelia dazaralebulis uflebamosilebebi, rac wina kodeqsiT iyo gansaz-

Rvruli, Cvenc ramdenadme gadametebulad migvaCnda da igi koreqtirebas saWiroebda,

magram ara iseTi saxiT koreqtirebas, rogoriTac moxda. dazaralebuli iyo braldebis

mxare da Tu prokurori uars ityoda braldebaze an Secvlida braldebas, mas ufleba

hqonda sasamarTloSi mxari daeWira winandeli braldebisaTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi sis-

xlissamarTlebrivi devna ara wydeboda da braldebis funqcias, rogorc kerZo bral-

mdebeli, TviTon iTavsebda (subsidiuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna). aseT SemTxveva-

Si dazaralebuls eniWeboda prokuroris funqcia, rac Cveni azriT, gadametebuli iyo.

Tu kanonmdebeli dazaralebuls msgavs uflebamosilebas SeuzRudavda, igi SesaZlebe-

lia samarTlianadac yofiliyo miCneuli, magram is, rom dazaralebuli mxolod mowmis

uflebamosilebiT sargeblobs da arc erTi saxis gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufle-

ba ara aqvs, Cveni azriT, ara marto Secdomaa, aramed dazaralebuli moqalaqis uflebe-

bis aSkara xelyofaa. ver gaviziarebT kanonmdeblis im suliskveTebas, rom gamamtyunebel ganaCens sasje-

lis daniSvniTa da misi moxdisagan gaTavisuflebiT sasamarTlo adgens, Tu ganaCenis ga-

motanis momentisaTvis axali kanoni auqmebs qmedebis danaSaulebriobas (269-e muxlis me-

5-e nawilis `g~ qvepunqti), e.i. Tu pirma danaSauli Caidina, magram sasamarTloSi saqmis

ganxilvis dasrulebamde mis mier Cadenili qmedebis dekriminalizacia moxda, sasamar-

Tlo am piris mimarT daadgens gamamtyunebel ganaCens, dauniSnavs sasjels da amis Sem-

deg sasjelis moxdisagan gaanTavisuflebs. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom braldebuli

damnaSaved unda iqnas cnobili im qmedebisaTvis, romelic ganaCenis gamotanis droisaT-

vis danaSaulad aRar iTvleba da mas unda daeniSnos Sesabamisi sasjeli. ki magram, vis ga-

ugia piris damnaSaved cnoba im qmedebisaTvis, romelic gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamo-

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9

tanis dros danaSaulad aRar iTvleba? danaSauli xom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis gan-

martebidan gamomdinare sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli marTlsawina-

aRmdego da braleuli qmedebaa? ganaCenis gamotanis droisaTvis xom aRar iyo konkretu-

li qmedeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli? maS rogor SeiZleba daisa-

jos piri am qmedebisaTvis da daeniSnos sasjeli? es mxolod Secdoma ar aris — es ukve

sxva ufro metia, romlis Taobazec saubars aRar gavagrZeleb. aRniSnuli kanonproeqtis

avtorebs erT ganmartebas vTxov mxolod — ra vuyoT im pirs, romelic spekulaciisaT-

vis iyo micemuli sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi 20 wlis win, saqme arsebiTad gansa-

xilvelad sasamarTlos hqonda gadacemuli, magram braldebuli mimaluli iyo (aseT

dros xandazmulobis vadis dineba wydeba) da dRes daakaves? damnaSaved vcnoT da davsa-

joT da Semdeg jentlmenurad gavanTavisufloT sasjelis moxdisagan? axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT regulirebuli ar aris ise-

Ti mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, rogoric aris piris eqstradicia, Sesabamisad, ar aris dad-

genili procedura, Tu ra wesiT xdeba ucxo saxelmwifoSi samarTlebrivi daxmarebis

Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis gagzavna, rogor xdeba saqarTvelos moqalaqis mier ucxo sa-

xelmwifos teritoriaze Cadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb moTxovnis ganxilva, ra pirobebs

unda akmayofilebdes eqstradaciis moTxovna, ra wesiT unda moxdes ucxo saxelmwifo-

Si eqstradacias daqvemdebarebuli piris mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso iZule-

bis RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba da a.S. es Tema erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia saxelmwifo-

TaSoris urTierTobebSi da misi ase uyuradRebod datoveba arafriT ar aris gamar-

Tlebuli. SesaZlebelia am sakiTxze calke kanonic iqnes miRebuli (mag.; kanoni eqstra-

diciis Sesaxeb), magram realoba is aris, rom dReis mdgomareobiT raime Sida normatiu-

li aqti, romelic am sakiTxs daaregulirebda, miRebuli ar aris. saproceso kodeqsis

gardamaval debulebebSic amis Sesaxeb araferia naTvami. Cveni azriT, piris eqstradi-

cia — mainc proceduruli sakiTxia da misma calkeulma debulebebma Sesabamisi asaxva

unda hpovos swored sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi. ukidures Sem-

TxvevaSi, miTiTebuli mainc unda iyos, romeli kanonmdeblobiT unda gadawydes es sa-

kiTxi. zemoT aRiniSna, rom SejibrobiTobisa da Tanasworobis principis damkvidrebam Ta-

visi saTanado asaxva hpova mis calkeul normebSi da es tendencia dadebiTad iqna Sefa-

sebuli. is, rom mxareebs ufleba aqvT damoukideblad Caataron iseTi sagamoZiebo moqme-

debebi, rogoric aris daTvaliereba, amocnoba, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti da a.S., swored

mxareTa Tanasworobis dacvaze miuTiTebs. es yvelaferi kargi da misasalmebelia, magram

procedurulad rogor unda ganxorcieldes yovelive aRniSnuli ise, rom ziani ar miad-

ges marTlmsajulebis sworad ganxorcielebis interesebs, Zneli warmosadgenia. mag.;

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 125-e muxlis Sesabamisad danaSaulis kvalis,

nivTieri mtkicebulebis aRmoCenis, SemTxvevis viTarebisa da sisxlis samarTlis saqmi-

saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone sxva garemoebebis garkvevis mizniT mxares ufleba aqvs daaT-

valieros SemTxvevis adgili, sacavi, sadgomi, sagani, dokumenti an informaciis Sem-

cvleli sxva obieqti. vTqvaT da gamoZiebas daaswro dacvis mxarem da daaTvaliera Sem-

Txvevis adgili, ris Sedegadac amoiRo saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone sagani Tu doku-

menti. ra saproceso dokumenti unda gaaformos dacvis mxarem amis Taobaze da ra moT-

xovnebs unda akmayofilebdes igi, gaurkvevelia; an dacvis mxarem SemTxvevis adgilis

daTvalierebis dros amoiRo cecxlsasroli iaraRi, romelzedac SesaZloa iyos TiTis

anabeWdebi, romelic mas ar awyobs. gana romelime gonier adamians mouva azrad is, rom

dacvis mxare am kvalis waSlis gareSe gadascems eqspertizas mas gamosakvlevad? erTi

sityviT, imis Tqma SeiZleba, rom uflebamosilebebi mxareebs Soris imgvaradaa gadanawi-

lebuli, rom yvelaferi daswrebazea, xolo Semdeg TviT am mxarezea damokidebuli, ro-

gor moxdes meore mxarisaTvis am informaciis gadacema. araviTari rigiToba, Tu pirvel-

ma vin unda Caataros sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, Tu vTqvaT orive mxarisTvis erTdroulad

gaxda cnobili amis Catarebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb, kanoniT gaTvaliwinebuli ar aris.

praqtikosi iuristebi dameTanxmebian im siZneleebis arsebobaSi, romlis gadalaxvac maT

am mimarTebiT mouwevT. jer-jerobiT aRniSnuli winaaRmdegobebi sagamoZiebo praqtika-


10

Si ar aris, magram danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom roca mxareebi bolomde gaerkve-

vian TavianT uflebamosilebebSi (gansakuTrebiT dacvis mxare), msgavsi SemTxvevebi sak-

maod bevri iqneba. axal sisxlis samarTlis procesSi aRar aris specialuri Tavi Tu calkeuli nor-

ma, romelic piris reabilitaciis sakiTxs daaregulirebda. am sakiTxis ganxilva-gadaw-

yveta mTlianad samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis sferoSi gadavida, rac, Cveni azriT,

aseve ar aris gamarTlebuli. 1998 wlis 20 Tebervlis kanonSi detalurad iyo gawerili,

Tu rogor da ra wesiT unda momxdariyo im piris reabilitacia, romelsac ziani miadga.

ukanono dakavebis, dapatimrebis, msjavrdebis Tu mis mimarT Cadenili sxva kanonsawina-

aRmdego moqmedebis Sedegad. specialuri cal-calke normebiT iyo regulirebuli ukanono da dausabuTebeli

saproceso moqmedebis Sedegad reabilitirebulisaTvis da dazaralebulisaTvis miye-

nebuli qonebrivi, fizikuri da moraluri anazRaurebis wesi, reabilitaciis safuZ-

vlebi da a.S. arsebobda nawilobrivi reabilitaciis instituti. am sakiTxebis srulad

gadatana Tavisi procedurebiT samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis sferoSi cxadia ar

momxdara da arc moxdeba, radgan rigi sakiTxebisa, romelic reabilitaciasTan aris

dakavSirebuli, sisxlis samarTlis procesis sferoa da ara samoqalaqo samarTlis. ra

unda aunazRaurdes reabilitirebuls srulad (xelfasi, pensia, daxmareba, fuladi

anazRaureba obligaciebiT Tu sxva.), vin unda moaxdinos misi gaangariSeba. (procesis

mwarmoebelma organom, prokurorma Tu sxvam da a.S..), am sakiTxebis gareSe reabilita-

cia, rogorc adamianis darRveuli uflebebis aRdgenis instituti, ver iqneba srulyo-

fili. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi araferia naTqvami, Tu rogor da ra wesiT

moxdes qonebis yadaRisagan gaTavisufleba, roca gamovlindeba, rom es qoneba ukano-

nod iyo dayadaRebuli an yadaRis saWiroeba aRar arsebobs, romeli organo iRebs am sa-

kiTxze saproceso dokuments (prokurori, mosamarTle). zedmetad migvaCnia mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis SezRudva mtkicebulebaTa ga-

mokvlevis dros damazustebeli SekiTxvebis dasmis Taobaze. saproceso kodeqsis 25-e muxlis me-6-e nawilis Sesabamisad, mosamarTle mxolod

maSin aris uflebamosili da isic gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, dasvas damazustebeli Se-

kiTxva, Tu amaze mxareebic arian Tanaxma, e.i. Tu mosamarTles surs raime daazustos,

man aucileblad unda hkiTxos mxareebs da mxolod Tanxmobis miRebis Semdeg dasvas es

SekiTxva. Cven kargad gvesmis, rom es SezRudva gamomdinareobs mxareTa SejibrebiTo-

bisa da Tanasworobis principidan, rom mosamarTle ar unda Caerios braldebis dama-

dasturebel an dacvis xelSemwyob mtkicebulebaTa mopovebasa da gamokvlevaSi da mis

mier SekiTxvis dasma SesaZlebelia romelime mxaris sasargeblo aRmoCndes, magram Tu

saubaria damazustebeli SekiTxvis dasmaze, es ar SeiZleba iyos mxarisaTvis zianis

momtani da sakiTxis dauzusteblobiT mxolod marTlmsajulebis interesebi SeiZleba

dazaraldes. gvaqvs sxva araerTi SeniSvna, romelTa gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro

daixveweba da srulyofili gaxdeba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi. amiT kidev

meti garantiebi Seiqmneba adamianis uflebebis da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad. am

sakiTxebze Cven Jurnalis morig nomrebSic gavamaxvilebT mkiTxvelis yuradRebas.

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11

venedi beniZe

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis srulyofisaTvis

reziume

statiaSi `srulvyoT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba~ saqarTvelos axal

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis miRwevebsa da calkeul xarvezebzea saubari. dadebi-

Tad aris Sefasebuli is garemoeba, rom saproceso kanonmdeblobiT damkvidrda is ZiriTadi

principebi, romlebic udaod Seuwyoben xels marTlmsajulebis sworad ganxorcielebas da ka-

nonierebis ganmtkicebas. amasTan, gamoTqmulia calkeuli SeniSvna arsebul xarvezebTan dakav-

SirebiT. statiaSi ganviTarebulia mosazreba, rom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo ver iqneba ga-

ranti samarTliani procesis da swrafi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis, ris dasadas-

tureblad moyvanilia konkretuli argumentebi. uaryofiTadaa miCneuli is garemoeba, rom axa-

li kodeqsiT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli eqstradiciisa da reabilitaciis maregulirebeli sa-

kiTxebi da Sesustebulia dazaralebulis instituti. Venedi Benidze,

For Completion of Criminal Law Legislation

Abstract

The article ‘Let’s Complete the Criminal Law Procedural Legislation’ deals with the achievements and separate failures in new Criminal Law Procedural Code of Georgia. The author responds positively to the change in legislature, as far as it sets those core principles that will support righteous administration and reinforcement of justice. The author expresses his viewpoints about the issue and makes comments on the failures existing in the new legislation.

The author develops the approach that jury court can’t be the guarantee for righteous administration of justice and presents grounded arguments to support his views. The author considers it the fault of new code that it does not cover the issues regulating extradition and rehabilitation, the institute of injured party. The statements are supported with real examples.


12

helmut kuri, ediSer futkaraZe, mixeil viurgeri

danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi qarTvel studentebSi

Sesavali

danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis Tema metad aqtualuria kriminologiuri da sis-

xlissamarTlebrivi politikis TvalsazrisiT ara mxolod ssrk-Si Semavali aRmosav-

leT evropis qveynebSi, aramed saerTaSoriso masStabiTac. dasavleTis ganviTarebul

qveynebSi danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sakiTxi ufro da ufro aqtualuri, sadisku-

sio gaxda 1980-iani wlebis bolosaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki 1990-ian wlebSi. am dros

mniSvnelovani iyo sazRvrebis gaxsnasTan, gazrdil migraciasTan, umuSevrobis mate-

basTan da finansur problemebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebi. es safrTxeebi ki Tavis

mxriv, nawilobriv dakavSirebuli iyo Cadenili da registrirebuli danaSaulis zrdas-

Tan.

gamokiTxvis mixedviT, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi xSirad ganixileba damnaSa-

veobasTan brZolis dasasabuTeblad. amisaTvis samarTlianad aris miCneuli mosaxleo-

bis damokidebuleba danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSze da sanqciebis Sefasebaze.

kiliasis mixedviT, damnaSaveobis SiSs “germaneli avtorebi ganixilaven mkacri

Sefasebis safuZvelad. igi aris dabrkoleba sisxlissamarTlebrivi reformis ganxor-

cielebisas da safrTxe samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosaTvis, radganac aZlierebs moqala-

qeTa uflebebis akrZalvebs~1. kiliass mediis mier damnaSaveobis Taobaze informaciis

gavrceleba ar miaCnia imis safuZvlad, rom `media pasuxismgebeli iyos damnaSaveobis

gadaWarbebuli SiSisaTvis~2. mediis saSualebiT informaciis gavrcelebasa da danaSau-

lebrivi xelyofis SiSs Soris damokidebulebis gamokvlevam gviCvena maT Soris susti

kavSiri3. ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis Sefa-

sebis sazomi, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba umniSvnelod miviCnioT.

1960-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi danaSaulis msxverplTa gamokiTxvis zrdasTan

erTad, wesisamebr, imata moqalaqeTa SiSma danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis Ta-

obaze. rogorc li garkveviT aRniSnavs, aSS-Si danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sakiTxi

gaxda mniSvnelovani politikuri Tema4. `SiSi gaxda Tanamedroveobis gansazRvruli ni-

Sani~5. germaniaSi 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, sazRvargareTis, gansakuTrebiT ki bri-

taneTis nimuSis mixedviT, warmoiSva axali mimarTuleba. mniSvnelovani motivaciuri

faqtoris roli hqonda sakmaod sakamaTo — danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sakiTxs6.

danaSaulis msxverplTa gamokiTxva SeZlebisdagvarad unda gafarToebuliyo,

amitom danaSaulis Cadenis sxva damatebiTi aspeqtebi, umniSvnelo da naklebad praqti-

kuli ar unda gamxdariyo.

damnaSaveobis SiSis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT 1965 wels aSS-Si swavlebis fargleb-

Si ganviTarda `standartuli Tematika~, romelSic gamokiTxuli iqna RameSi sibnelis

1 Killias, M. (2002). Grundriss der Kriminologie. Eine europäische Perspektive. Bern: Stämpfli, 42-727 ff.

2 Killias, M. (2002). Grundriss der Kriminologie. Eine europäische Perspektive. Bern: Stämpfli, 414 ff.

3 Garofalo, J. (1981). Crime and the mass media: A selective review of research. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 18,

319-350; Schwarzenegger, C. (1992). Die Einstellungen der Bevölkerung zur Kriminalität und Verbrechenskontrolle. Freiburg: Eigenverlag Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht, 128 ff.; Killias, M. (1989). Les Suisses face au crime. Grüsch: Rüegger, 19 ff. 4 Lee, M. (2001). The genesis of ‚fear of crime’. Theoretical Criminology 5, 467-485.

5 Sessar, K., Stangl, W., van Swaaningen, R. (Hrsg.)(2007). Großstadtängste – Anxious Cities. Untersuchungen zu

Unsicherheitsgefühlen und Sicherheitspolitiken in europäischen Kommunen. Berlin, Wien: LIT Verlag., 11 ff. 6 Dölling, D., Feltes, T., Heinz, W., Kury, H. (Hrsg.)(2003). Kommunale Kriminalprävention – Analysen und Perspektiven –

Ergebnisse der Begleitforschung zu den Pilotprojekten in Baden-Württemberg. Holzkirchen/Obb.: Felix Verlag.

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13

dadgomis Semdeg TavianT sacxovrebel ubanze marto siarulisas SiSis sakiTxi1. sazo-

gadoebrivi azris kvlevis institutebma ganaxorcieles danaSaulebrivi xelyofis Si-

Sis sakiTxis kvleva. mis winapirobas warmoadgenda germaniaSi sistematiurad ganxor-

cielebuli `socialur mecnierebaSi SemuSavebuli meTodiT mosaxleobis gamokiTxva~

(ALLBUS) da aseve sakmaod mdidari erovnuli da saerTaSoriso swavleba msxverplis Taobaze. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom es ar gvaZlevs erTian `standartul indikators~. arse-

bobs misi gansxvavebuli versiebi, rac sakmaod arTulebs miRebuli Sedegebis Sedare-

bas. kroiTers magaliTisaTvis mohyavs standartuli indikatoris sxvadasxva versia,

romlebic gamoyenebuli iqnen germanulenovan gamokvlevebSi2.

aqve sayuradReboa Semdegi punqti: danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi aris kompleq-

suri konstruqcia, romelic ar SeiZleba moicvas erTma kiTxvam. umetesad gansxvavebu-

lia afeqturi da kognitiuri komponentebi3. obergfel-fuqssa da kuris TavianT gamok-

vlevebSi SeeZloT or faqtorze mieTiTebinaT. isini kognitiur da emocionalur SiSs

axasiaTeben da asaxeleben mxolod erTeul magaliTebs. am safuZvlebiT naklebad sar-

wmunoa gamokiTxvis SedegebiT daxasiaTebuli `danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis~ sinam-

dvile. Iigi nawilobriv moicavs am aspeqts da umeteswilad gansazRvravs `sxva~ SiSs an-

da safrTxes Rirebulebisadmi4. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis Taobaze gamokiTxva-

gamokvleva Seexo sxvadasxva saxis SiSebs, sadac danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yof-

nis SiSs mxolod nawili ukavia5. zogierTi avtori cdilobs danaSaulebrivi xelyofis

SiSis sferos diferencirebas, riskis SiSisa da sxva SiSis gamijvnas6.

Tuki saerTaSoriso anda qveynis masStabiT danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis Seda-

rebisas gamoviyenebT kiTxvarebis gansxvavebul formasa da SerCevis meTods, arsebi-

Tad gansxvavebul anda Secvlil monacemebs miviRebT. gamokiTxvis meTodTa gavleniT,

SeiZleba mkveTrad gansxvavebuli monacemebi miviRoT7. mediis mier mowodebuli mona-

cemebi danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSze, am garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, didi sif-

rTxiliT unda SevafasoT. mediis Sefasebebi aseT kritikul interpretaciaze ar aris

wesisamebr, sarwmuno, radgan igi naklebad informirebulia Sefasebis uzustobebze da

mis saimedoobaze.

am garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, mecnierTa nawili did yuradRebas aqcevda dam-

naSaveobis SiSis kvlevis namdvilobas, kanonierebas, gansakuTrebiT, standartuli Te-

matikis gamoyenebisas.8 gamokvlevebis dros ganixileboda aseve damnaSaveobis SiSis Se-

fasebis sxva saimedo SesaZleblobebi. inglisSi Catarebuli gamokvlevebis avtorebma

daadgines danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis Sefasebis damokidebuleba gamoyenebul me-

Todze.9

1 Kreuter, F. (2002). Kriminalitätsfurcht: Messung und methodische Probleme. Leske und Budrich, Opladen, 47 ff.

2 Kreuter, F. (2002). Kriminalitätsfurcht: Messung und methodische Probleme. Leske und Budrich, Opladen. 236 ff.

3 Boers, K., Kurz, P. (1997). Kriminalitätseinstellung, soziale Milieus und sozialer Umbruch. In: Boers, K., Gutsche, G., Sessar, K.

(Hrsg.), Sozialer Umbruch und Kriminalität in Deutschland. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 187-253. 4 Fattah, E.A. (1993). Some common conceptual and measurement problems. In: Bilsky, W., Pfeiffer, C., Wetzels, P. (Eds.), Fear of

crime and criminal victimization. Stuttgart: Enke, 45-70. 5 Sessar, K., Stangl, W., van Swaaningen, R. (Hrsg.)(2007). Großstadtängste – Anxious Cities. Untersuchungen zu

Unsicherheitsgefühlen und Sicherheitspolitiken in europäischen Kommunen. Berlin, Wien: LIT Verlag. 6 Sessar, K. (2008). Fear of Crime or Fear of Risk? Some Considerations Resulting from Fear of Crime Studies and Their Political

Implications. In: Kury, H. (Hrsg.), Fear or Crime – Punitivity. New Developments in Theory and Research. Bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr. Brockmeyer, 25-32. 7 Lichtblau, A., Neumaier, A. (2004). Die Messung der Kriminalitätsfurcht. Ein Versuch der Kombination einer quantitativen und

qualitativen Herangehensweise. Freiburg: Psychologisches Institut, unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit. 8 Kury, H., Lichtblau, A., Neumaier, A. (2004). Was messen wir, wenn wir Kriminalitätsfurcht messen? Kriminalistik 58, 457-465;

Kury, H., Lichtblau, A., Neumaier, A., Obergfell-Fuchs, J. (2005). Kriminalitätsfurcht. Zu den Problemen ihrer Erfassung. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Kriminologie 4, 3-19. 9 Ditton, J., Bannister, J., Gilchrist, E., Farrall, S. (1999a). Afraid or angry? Recalibrating the ‚fear’ of crime. International Review of

Victimology 6, 83-99; Farrall, S., Gadd, D. (2004). The frequency of the fear of crime. British Journal of Criminology 44, 127-132.


14

2. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sisxlissamarTlebriv-politikuri mniSvneloba

mosaxleobis danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis moCvenebiTi anda namdvili

SiSi germaniaSi ganixileba gaZlierebuli damnaSaveobis winaaRmdeg zomebis miRebis sa-

fuZvlad1. upirveles yovlisa, saarCevno periodSi metad motivirebulia Sinagani

usafrTxoeba raime problemisadmi. am dros gamoTqmuli mowodebebi, wesisamebr, gani-

xileba potenciur damnaSaveebTan mkacr damokidebulebaSi. saqsoniaSi arCevnebis

dros, 2008 w. ministri koxi, cdilobda saarCevno kampaniis warmarTvas xmebis mosapo-

veblad ucxoeli axalgazrdebis mier Cadenili qmedebis aqtualobiT2. Tumca amiT mniS-

vnelovani xmebi dakarga.

am `mowodebaTa~ simartive mosaxleobis umravlesobaSi iwvevs ueWvel, gardauval

braldebas, rogorc es gviCvena saqsoniaSi arCevnebis magaliTma. vinaidan am `mowode-

bebma~ gamoiwvia braldeba, es warmoadgens maTi gameorebis safuZvels3 . aRsaniSnavia

isic, rom mosaxleobis didi nawili ukmayofiloa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis siste-

mis muSaobiT, rac kidev ufro Zlierdeba danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sakiTxis kri-

tikuli analiziT. 4 germaniaSi erT-erTi politikuri partia Tavis politikur `prog-

ramaSi~ centralur adgils uTmobda damnaSaveebTan mkacr damokidebulebas. hougi da

sxva mecnierebi, inglissa da uelsSi Catarebuli empiriuli gamokvlevebis mixedviT

gviCveneben, rom `penal climate~-s swraf cvlilebasTan erTad axalgazrda Tavisufleba-aRkveTilTa ricxvi 1991-dan 2003 wlamde drois monakveTSi 71%-iT gaizarda. 5 es war-

moadgens mniSvnelovan safuZvels sazogadoebaSi danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis gamo

mkacri SefasebisaTvis.

sadao ar unda iyos is garemoeba, rom damnaSaveobisa da misi SiSis Taobaze saxal-

xo msjeloba mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mosaxleobis mier mkacri sanqciebis moT-

xovnaze. ramdenadac es mniSvnelovania sasamarTlos mier sanqciaTa gamoyenebisas, ami-

tom ar SeiZleba misi amomwuravad Sefaseba. sanqciebis Sefasebisas danaSaulebrivi

xelyofis SiSis gavlenas gadaWarbebuli mniSvneloba ar unda mieniWos. amaze samar-

Tlianad miuTiTebs kiliasi. 6

mkacri sanqciebi ukanasknel wlebSi gamoyenebuli iqna arasrulwlovnebis, ucxo-

elebisa da sqesobrivi danaSaulis CamdenTa mimarT. ukanasknel jgufTan mimarTebaSi

1990-ian wlebSi daiwyo masmediis monawileoba im Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom maTi

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna mniSvnelovnad gaZlierda. ase miiRo, magaliTad, germani-

is bundestagma 2004 wlis 18 ivniss kanoni damatebiTi prevenciuli daskvnis Taobaze,

romlis mixedviTac federaciis ramdenime miwa am RonisZiebis `winaswar gadawyvetaSi~

ukve gaerTianda. ukanasknel aTwleulSi Semcirda germaniaSi registrirebul sqesob-

riv danaSaulTa ricxvi, calkeul sqesobriv danaSaulTa gamoxatvis safuZvelze, upir-

veles yovlisa ki, bavSvebis winaaRmdeg Cadenili sqesobrivi danaSaulis gamo. miuxeda-

vad amisa mediis mier danaxuli iqna `mzardi~ problema, rac saerTaSoriso masStabiT

misi gaSuqebis safuZvels qmnida. 7 mediis mier gavrcelebuli informaciis Sesabamisad,

1 Roberts, J.V., Stalans, L.J., Indermaur, D., Hough, M. (2003). Penal populism and public opinion. Lessons from five countries.

Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2 Pfeiffe, C., Baier, D. (2008). Jugendgewalt als Wahlkampfthema. Eine kriminologische Analyse zum hessischen

Landtagswahlkampf des Jahres 2008. In: Görgen, T., Hoffmann-Holland, K., Schneider, H., Stock, J. (Hrsg.), Interdisziplinäre Kriminologie. Festschrift für Arthur Kreuzer zum 70. Geburtstag. Zweiter Band. Frankfurt: Verlag für Polizeiwissenschaft, 550-574. 3 Obergfell-Fuchs, J. (2008). „Punitivity“ within the Criminal Justice System in Germany. In: Kury, H. (Ed.), Fear of Crime –

Punitivity. New Developments in Theory and Research. Bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr. Brockmeyer, 303-320. 4 Hough, M., Roberts, J.V. (2004). Conficence in justice: An international review. Home Office Findings 243. London: Home Office.

5 Hough, M., Jacobson, J., Millie, A. (2003). The decision to imprison: Key findings. Prison Reform Trust, London.

6 Killias, M. (2002). Grundriss der Kriminologie. Eine europäische Perspektive. Bern: Stämpfli. 240 ff.

7 Roberts, J.V., Stalans, L.J., Indermaur, D., Hough, M. (2003). Penal populism and public opinion. Lessons from five countries.

Oxford: Oxford University Press.

# 1, 2011

15

italiaSi drois mcire monakveTSi momxdari sami sqesobrivi Zaladobis gamo, moxda uc-

xoelebis gakritikeba. mosaxleobis mZvinvareba uflebamosilebis gadametebiT Tavs

daatyda savaraudo ucxoel damnaSaveebs. italieli ministri roberto kalderoli po-

pulisturad moiTxovda sqesobrivi danaSaulis CamdenTa iZulebis gziT kastracias.

dasavleTis qveynebSi danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSs sisxlissamarTlebriv-po-

litikurTan erTad aqvs ekonomikuri mniSvneloba. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi germaniaSi

moqalaqeTa gadaWarbebuli zrunva TavianT usafrTxoebaze. kerZo, piradi usafrTxoe-

ba aris germaniasa da sxva dasavleTis qveynebSi umniSvnelovanesi dargi, romelic uka-

nasknel wlebSi swrafad izrdeba. germaniaSi 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi wamowyebuli

proeqti `komunaluri sisxlissamarTlebrivi prevencia~ mniSvnelovnad ganviTarda

moqalaqeebis danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis realuri an savaraudo SiSis sa-

kiTxis gamokvleviT. germaniaSi yovelwliurad tardeba `prevenciis dRe~

(Praeventionstag), magaliTad, 2004 wels igi Catarda StutgartSi. aqac mniSvnelovani adgi-li daeTmo moxsenebebs danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis Temaze. sazogadoebrivi ganvi-

Tareba gviCvenebs, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi prevencia ufro da ufro mniSvnelovani

Tema xdeba, romelic moicavs mosaxleobis msjelobas `danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis~

Taobaze. am aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mniSvnelovania, gvqondes `danaSaulebrivi

xelyofis SiSis~ Taobaze saimedo monacemebi da kriminologiur kvlevaSi ganvaviTa-

roT, SeZlebisdagvarad, maTi Sefasebis saimedo maCveneblebi.

3. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sakiTxi germaniaSi

germaniaSi dReisaTvis ar arsebobs xangrZlivi mecnieruli gamokvleva danaSau-

lebrivi xelyofis SiSis Taobaze. aseTi gamokvlevebi sistematiurad mimdinareobs did

britaneTSi `British Crime Surveys~ mier. aSS-Si da niderlandebSi, Sesabamisad, Crime Surveys axorcielebs msgavs gamokvlevebs. germaniaSi SedarebisaTvis arsebobs monacemebi,

romlebic miRebuli iqna 1991 wlis sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis gamokiTxviT. gamo-

kiTxvas erqva germanelTa SiSi - `Angst der Deutschen~, sadac sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, ga-mokiTxuli iqna danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis Temac. es monacemebi garkveviT

gviCvenebs, rom germanelTa SiSi bolo 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad Seicvala.

danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi ufro naklebmniSvnelovani gaxda, vidre umuSevrobis an

sibereSi martod darCenis SiSi, romlebic ufro mniSvnelovani gaxda am sakiTxze aqtu-

aluri msjelobis gamo (ix. cxrili 1).

cxrili 1. germanelTa SiSi 2008

(http://www.ruv.de/de/presse/r_v_infocenter/studien/aengste_deutsche_2008.jsp )

germanelebs yvelaze didi

SiSi aqvT imis, rom: 2008 gamokiT-

xulTa Sedegebi

%-Si

1991 wlis gamokiTxvis

mixedviT 7 yvelaze didi

SiSi %-Si

sayofacxovrebo minimumi Zlier aiwevs

mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareoba iqneba

bunebrivi katastrofa moxdeba

sibereSi sxvisi tvirTi gaxdeba

mZimed avad gaxdeba

politikosTa uzomo moTxovnebi iqneba

umuSevari darCeba

germaniaSi umuSevroba iqneba

bavSvebi narkotikebs mieCvevian

cxovrebis dones sibereSi ver

SeinarCunebs

terorizmi iqneba

ucxoelebis gamo daZabuloba iqneba

sibereSi marto darCeba

iqneba omi germaniis gayofiT

danaSauli moxdeba

ojaxi an partnioroba daengreva

76 58 58 53 51 49 48 47 42 41 41 37 31 31 25 21

34

30 22

30

49 28 34


16

am cxrilis Sedegebi garkveviT gviCvenebs, rom germanelebs dReisaTvis (2008) yve-

laze metad aSinebT sayofacxovrebo minimumis Zlier aweva, mZime ekonomikuri mdgoma-

reobis (krizisis) safrTxe, bunebrivi katastrofebi da sibereSi sxvis tvirTad darCe-

na. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi uswrebs mxolod ojaxis an partniorobis dangrevis

safrTxes. germanelebis SiSi danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnaze bolo wlebSi

mniSvnelovnad Semcirda ekonomikuri safrTxisa da siRaribis gaZlierebis SiSis gamo.

rogorc 1-li cxrilidan Cans, es garemoeba sxvagvari iyo 1991 wels, roca daiwyo

gamokvleva politikuri cvlilebebidan cota xnis Semdeg da orive germanuli saxel-

mwifos gaerTianebamde. mniSvnelovnad Seicvala wlebis ganmavlobaSi aseve 7 yvelaze

didi SiSi (saSiSroeba). am xangrZlivi drois monacemebis Sedarebis mixedviT, 1991 wels

germanelebs yvelaze meti SiSi hqondaT ucxoelebis gamo daZabulobis safrTxisa

(49%), rac 2008 w. mxolod 37%-ma daasaxela. 1991 wels danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis

gverdiT Tanabrad iyo dasaxelebuli sayofacxovrebo minimumis Zlier awevis SiSi

(34%). 2008 wels mxolod 25%-s hqonda danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi, riTac am punqtma

me-2-dan me-15 adgilze gadainacvla. sayofacxovrebo minimumis Zlier awevis safrTxem

pirvel adgilze gadainacvla da igi daasaxela 76%-ma. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSisa

da ucxoelebis gamo daZabulobis safrTxis garda, sxva dasaxelebulma saSiSroebebma

nawilobriv imata. es imaze miuTiTebs, rom 1991 wlidan SiSma saerTo jamSi mniSvnelov-

nad moimata. qvemoT moyvanili grafiki gviCvenebs germanelTa SiSis zrdas 2005 wlamde,

mis Semdgom ki Semcirebas. amave dros SiSi (SiSebi) aRmosavleT germaniaSi ufro maRa-

lia, vidre dasavleT germaniaSi, rac dakavSirebulia cvlilebebis gamo gamowveul did

problemebTan.

grafiki 1: SiSis ganviTareba germaniaSi — 1991-dan 2008 wlamde

(aRmosavleT da dasavleT germaniis Sedareba)

4. qarTvel studentTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi

dasavleTis ganviTarebul qveynebSi yovelTvis gvaqvs esa Tu is informacia dana-

Saulebrivi xelyofis SiSisa da misi ganviTarebis Taobaze. msgavsi empiriuli gamok-

vlevebi ar arsebobs yofil sabWoTa qveynebSi. es gamomdinareobs iqedan, rom am qveyne-

bis umravlesobaSi safrTxis SegrZneba, aseve danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis

SiSi ufro Zlieria, vidre dasavleTis ganviTarebul qveynebSi. es ganpirobebulia uka-

nasknel aTwleulSi moWarbebuli sazogadoebrivi da politikuri cvlilebebiT, upir-

veles yovlisa, sabWoTa kavSiris daSliT. mecnierebma TavianT SedarebiT gamokvleveb-

Si aRmosavleT da dasavleT germanias Soris daadgines cvlilebebis Semdeg aRmosav-

# 1, 2011

17

leT germaniaSi, molodinis Sesabamisad, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis ufro meti ga-

movlena, vidre dasavleTSi. 1 usafrTxoebis SegrZneba Sefasebuli iqna fraiburgsa da

ienaSi Catarebuli werilobiTi gamokiTxvis mixedviT. igi moicavda sxvadasxva, maT So-

ris, standartul Tematikas. ienaSi gamokiTxulTa or mesamedze metma miuTiTa binaSi

Rame martod yofnis SiSze. gasaocrad didia SiSis SegrZneba moxuc da axalgazrda ga-

mokiTxulTa Soris. federaciis axal miwebSi gansakuTrebiT didia axalgazrda qalebSi

safrTxis SiSi. 25 wlamde asakis qalTa erTi mexuTedi miuTiTebda Rame binaSi martod

yofnis SiSze.

mniSvnelovania aseve sqesobrivi gavlena: qalebi gamoTqvamen ufro did SiSs, vid-

re kacebi. ase, magaliTad, fraiburgSi gamokiTxulTagan mxolod 0,7% kacebisa, magram

7,7% qalebisa miuTiTebda RameSi binaSi martod yofnis SiSze, ienaSi gamokiTxulTagan

es miuTiTa 2,2% kacebma da 15,6% qalebma. aRmosavleT germanelebs danaSaulebrivi

xelyofis SiSi mkveTrad meti aqvT, vidre dasavleT germanelebs. es dakavSirebulia

imasTan, rom gamokvleva Catarda politikuri cvlilebebidan sakmaod male, sanam Camo-

yalibdeboda saerTo safrTxeebi. SiSis viqtimizaciasTan damokidebulebis dadgena am

TematikiT Znelia.

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso SedarebiTi gamokiTxvis farglebSi SerCeuli

iqna saqarTvelo. gamokiTxva Catarda SerCeuli qveynebis universitetebis studenteb-

Si. amitom Sedegebi ar aris qveynis mTeli mosaxleobis Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisi, aramed

mxolod axalgazrda, sakmaod kargad ganaTlebuli moqalaqeebisa, romlebic sxvadas-

xva qalaqidan arian. saerTaSoriso monacemebis Sedarebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT es

garemoeba. marTalia, gamokiTxvaSi SerCeuli da monawile aRmosavleT evropis qveyne-

bis, somxeTis, ruseTisa da saqarTvelos monacemebi Sesabamisad sruli ar aris, magram

maT SeuZliaT kriminologiisaTvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze Sefasebis gakeTebis sa-

fuZvlis mocema.

gamokvleva TiToul qveyanaSi ganxorcielda standartuli kiTxvaris mixedviT,

romelic moicavda sanqciaTa Sefasebis, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSisa da danaSau-

lis msxverplis niSnebis sakiTxs. gamoikiTxa sruli anonimurobiT ramodenime umaRle-

si saswavleblis sxvadasxva specialobis studenti. gamokiTxvebi Catarda 2005-dan 2008

wlebSi. saqarTveloSi gamokiTxvebi ganxorcielda 2007 da 2008 wlebSi.

gamokiTxuli iqna sul 523 studenti saqarTvelos Semdeg 11 umaRles saswavle-

belSi: Tbilisis ekonomikur urTierTobaTa saxelmwifo universiteti, iv. javaxiSvi-

lis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo agraru-

li universiteti, Sps Tbilisis universiteti, i. WavWavaZis Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-

versiteti, baTumis sazRvao akademia, S. rusTavelis baTumis saxelmwifo universite-

ti, baTumis damoukidebeli universiteti, baTumis v. bagrationis instituti, konser-

vatoria da baTumis xelovnebaTmcodneobis instituti, baTumis samedicino-pedagogi-

uri koleji. studentebi iurisprudenciasTan erTad swavlobdnen 29 sxvadasxva speci-

alobas. e.i. gamokiTxuli iqna 29 specialobis studenti. am specialobebs miekuTvneba

diplomatia, ucxo ena, dizaineri, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, saerTaSoriso urTi-

erTobebis istoria, samedicino, istoria, Jurnalistika, ekonomikuri, mezRvauri, gem-

Twamyvani, sabaJo-sagadasaxado saqme, musikosi, gamoTvliTi teqnika, kompiuteri, peda-

gogiuri, menejmenti, filologi, geografia, maTematika, biologia, qimia, turizmi, ar-

qeologia, fiz. aRzrda da sxva. qarTvel studentebTan erTad gamokiTxuli iyvnen ru-

si da somexi erovnebis studentebi. religiis mixedviT studentTa umravlesoba iyo

marTlmadidebeli qristiani, romelTa gverdiT iyvnen grigorianelebi da islamiste-

bi, aseve zogierTi aTeisti. saqarTveloSi gamokiTxva moicavda sakmaod gansxvavebuli

da farTo speqtris studentebs 29-ze meti specialobiT, amave dros ara mxolod Tbi-

lisidan, aramed aWaris regionidanac.

1 Kury, H., Obergfell-Fuchs, J., Würger, M. (2000). Gemeinde und Kriminalität. Eine Untersuchung in Ost- und Westdeutschland.

Freiburg: edition iuscrim. 543 ff.


18

qvemoT gaanalizebuli iqneba gamokiTxvis Sedegebi danaSaulebrivi xelyofis Si-

Sis TemasTan mimarTebaSi. upirvelesad gadmocemuli iqneba Sedegebi `standartuli

Temis~ mixedviT (RamiT sacxovrebel ubanSi marto yofnisas safrTxis SegrZnebis sa-

kiTxi), romelic dakonkretebulia kiTxviT `Tu ramdenad xSirad igrZeniT Tavi ukanas-

kneli 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi namdvilad saxifaTod?~. amas moyveba SiSTa farTo speqtris

Tematikis Sedegebi. bolos mocemuli iqneba is gansxvaveba, rac arsebobs danaSauleb-

rivi xelyofis SiSze sikvdiliT dasjis momxre da mowinaaRmdege studentebs Soris.

4.1. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi standartuli Tematikis mixedviT

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi studentebis saerTaSoriso gamokiTxvis saSualebas warmo-

adgens `standartuli Tematika~. es Tematika moicavs danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis

sakiTxs, saxeldobr, Semdegi formulirebiT: `ifiqreT mxolod Tqvens sacxovrebel

ubanze, yovelive imaze, rac SeiZleba SegemTxveT 5 wuTis gzaze. ramdenad usafrTxod

grZnobT Tavs, anda igrZnobT Tu Tqven am ubanSi RamiT marto iqnebiT? grZnobT Tqven

Tavs Zalian usafrTxod, sakmaod usafrTxod, sakmaod saxifaTod, Zalian saxifaTod,

ar vici~. gamokiTxulebs SeeZloT 4-safexurian skalaze mieTiTebinaT safrTxis mocu-

lobaze. me-2 grafiki gviCvenebs am kuTxiT miRebul Sedegebs.

grafiki 2: safrTxis SegrZneba sacxovrebel ubanSi RamiT gareT

yofnisas saqarTvelo, N=517, monacemebi %-Si

rogorc am grafikidan Cans, gamokiTxul studentTa 41,2% grZnobs Tavs `sakmaod

usafrTxod~ (kacebi = 50,1%; qalebi = 36,2%). 10,8% grZnobs Tavs `Zalian usafrTxod~

(kacebi = 15,2%; qalebi = 7,1%). sul 48,0% (kacebi = 34,7%; qalebi = 56,7%), e.i. TiTqmis

gamokiTxulTa naxevari Tavs grZnobs `sakmaod saxifaTod~ (23,9%; kacebi = 17,6%; qale-

bi = 29,2%). Sesabamisad, `Zalian saxifaTod~ (24,1%; kacebi = 17,1%; qalebi = 27,5%). mama-

kacebsa da qalebs Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad sakmaod mniSvnelovania (P

# 1, 2011

19

TiTa, rom RamiT Tavis sacxovrebel ubanSi Tavs grZnobs `Zalian saxifaTod~ an `sakma-

od saxifaTod~, xolo ienaSi qalebis 83,2%-ma (fraiburgSi 64,8%), saqarTveloSi ki

mdedrobiT sqesis studentebis 56,7%.

erTis mxriv, fraiburgisa da ienis, meores mxriv, saqarTvelos monacemebs Soris

gansxvavebis dros, unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom saqarTveloSi gamoikiTxa mxolod

studentoba, Sesabamisad, mxolod axalgazrda adamianebi. fraiburgsa da ienaSi ki Ser-

Ceuli iyo sakmaod farTo speqtri da maT Soris asakovani adamianebic, romlebic, Cveu-

lebriv, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis did SiSs uTiTeben. orive sqesTan mimarTebaSi,

upirveles yovlisa, ki mamakacebTan, fraiburgsa da ienas Soris Sedegebis Sedarebisas,

danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi fraiburgSi sakmaod dabalia. politikuri da ekonomi-

kuri rRveva mimdinareobda aRmosavleT germaniaSi. ienis mosaxleobas es ufro metad

Seexo, vidre fraiburgisas. damnaSaveobis done, politikuri cvlilebebis Semdeg, da-

savleTis miwebSi stabiluri darCa, magram man mniSvnelovnad imata aRmosavleT germa-

niaSi. amas gvamcnobda masmediis saSualebebi, romlebic damatebiT gavlenas axdenda

iqaur mosaxleobaze. saqarTveloSi gamokiTxuli mamakacebi SiSis SefasebiT dganan

fraiburgsa da ienas Soris. gamokiTxul qalebs rac Seexeba, fraiburgelebma gviCvenes

sakmaod maRali cifri (64,8%). saqarTveloSi gamokiTxul qali studentebis mier gake-

Tebuli Sefaseba ki aRwevs 56,7%-s.

danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis Sefasebis ufro dasakonkreteblad, qarTveli

studentebi damatebiT Semdeg kiTxvas pasuxobdnen: ramdenad xSirad igrZeniT Tavi

ukanaskneli 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi namdvilad saxifaTod? me-3 grafiki gviCvenebs miRe-

bul Sedegebs.

grafiki 3: ramdenad xSirad igrZeniT Tavi ukanaskneli 12 Tvis

ganmavlobaSi namdvilad saxifaTod?

saqarTvelo, N = 519; monacemebi %-Si

aq moyvanili monacemebi nawilobriv zRudaven standartul TematikaSi moyvanil

Sedegebs. me-3 grafikidan rogorc Cans, gamokiTxulTa naxevarze meti (57,3%; kacebi =

64,0%, qalebi = 47,7%) Tavs arasdros an iSviaTad grZnobs namdvilad saxifaTod. `aras-

dros~ grZnobs 11,6% (kacebi = 15,1%, qalebi = 7,2%) da `iSviaTad~ 45,7% (kacebi = 48,9%,

qalebi = 40,5%). es imaze miuTiTebs, rom standartuli Tema ikvlevs zogad SiSs da masSi

ar aris dazustebuli, dakonkretebuli safrTxis gancda. miuxedavad amisa, 15,1% (ka-

cebi = 11,7%, qalebi = 19,2%) miuTiTebs, rom maT ukanaskneli wlis ganmavlobaSi `xSi-

rad~ namdvilad saxifaTod igrZnes Tavi, sxva 27,6%-Tan (kacebi = 24,3%, qalebi = 33,1%)

es iyo SemTxveviTi. sqesTa Soris gansxvaveba statistikurad kvlav mniSvnelovania. es

niSnavs, rom qalebi gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi ufro xSirad grZnobdnen Tavs saxifa-

Tod, vidre mamakacebi, rac adasturebs qalebis ufro met danaSaulebrivi xelyofis

SiSs.


20

kiTxvaze — aris Tu ara Tqvens qalaqSi sadme sxva ubani, sadac Tqven ar gsurT mar-

to gavla RamiT? — romelic gvaZlevs sakuTari sacxovrebeli ubnis garda sxva speci-

fiuri SiSis sivrces, sul gamokiTxulTa 69,2% iZleoda dadebiT Sefasebas - `diax~. (ka-

cebi = 58,1%, qalebi = 73,1%). sqesTa Soris gansxvaveba kvlavindeburad mniSvnelovnad

maRalia. es niSnavs imas, rom qalebi aCveneben sakmaod maRal procentul maCvenebels

aseTi ubnebis arsebobaze. sul gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis mesamedi (30,8%; kacebi = 41,9%,

qalebi = 26,9%) uaryofs aseTi ubnebis arsebobas.

grafiki 4: aris Tu ara Tqvens qalaqSi sadme sxva ubani, sadac

Tqven ar gsurT marto gavla RamiT?

saqarTvelo, N = 523, gayofilia sqesis mixedviT %-Si.

4.2. gareT gamosvlasTan damokidebuleba

Semdgom kiTxvaSi Semowmebuli iqna, Tu ramdenad xSirad dadiodnen gamokiTxu-

li studentebi RamiT gareT TavianT sacxovrebel ubanSi. aqve unda aRiniSnos is gare-

moeba, rom axalgazrda adamianebi, Cveulebriv, ufro xSirad dadian RamiT gareT, vid-

re asakovnebi, romlebsac sakuTari ojaxi aqvT. me-5 grafiki gviCvenebs miRebul Sede-

gebs.

grafiki 5: ramdenad xSirad dadixarT fexiT am ubanSi RamiT gareT?

saqarTvelo: N = 523, monacemebi %-Si

rogorc me-5 grafikidan Cans, sul 56,0% (kacebi = 68,1%, qalebi = 47,0%) `xSirad~

(26,8%; kacebi = 31,9%, qalebi = 22,3%) da `SemTxveviT~ 29,2% (kacebi = 36,2%, qalebi =

24,7%) arian Rame gareT ubanSi. fraiburgSi gamokiTxul mozard ufrosklaselTa 15,7%

gamoTqvams, rom isini RamiT ar ivlidnen marto, ienaSi es cifri Seadgens 18,6%-s. sa-

qarTveloSi yvela gamokiTxuli studentis 9,3% (kacebi = 6,7%, qalebi = 12,8%) aCve-

nebs, rom TavianT sacxovrebel ubanSi saRamos fexiT ar ivlida, danarCeni 34,7% (kace-

bi = 29,2%, qalebi = 40,2%) fiqrobs, rom es iqneboda `iSviaTi~ SemTxveva. sqesTa Soris

gansxvaveba statistikurad kvlav mniSvnelovania (P

# 1, 2011

21

4.3. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi sxva safrTxeebTan mimarTebaSi

Semdegi ori Tematika moicavs danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis diferencirebas.

igi ganxorcielda, erTi mxriv, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sakiTxis gamokiTxviT

da, meore mxriv, misi kavSiriT sxva safrTxeebTan, rogoricaa avadmyofoba, umuSevroba

anda moxucebulobaSi martod darCena. amiT SesaZlebelia ukeTesad Sefasdes danaSau-

lebrivi xelyofis SiSi sxva safrTxeebTan mimarTebaSi.

4.3.1. sxvadasxva danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi SedarebiT aspeqtSi

erT-erTi Tematikis mixedviT, gamoyenebuli iqna oTxsafexuriani skala (`sruliad

Seuwuxebeli~-dan `Zalian Sewuxebulamde~) sxvadasxva danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis

Sesafaseblad, upirveles yovlisa, imis dasadgenad, Tu romeli danaSauli gamoricxavs

SiSs. Sesabamisi kiTxva aseTia: `zogierT adamians aqvs sakmao safuZveli, raTa Tavi saf-

rTxeSi igrZnos. zogierTisTvis es Seexeba mxolod gansazRvrul viTarebas, ra drosac

arsebobs sxva xalxi, vinc msgavs viTarebaSi Tavs odnav Sewuxebulad grZnobs. gTxovT,

aRniSnoT yovel striqonze, Tu ramdenad Sewuxebuli xarT amJamad amis gamo. grZnobT

Tavs savsebiT Seuwuxeblad, cota Sewuxebulad, sakmaod Sewuxebulad, Zalian Sewuxe-

bulad, ...~ mocemulia sul 7 danaSaulis (SemTxvevis) CamonaTvali oTxsafexuriani pa-

suxebis skaliT.

cxrili 2: me Sewuxebuli var...

saqarTvelo, Sefaseba skaliT 1-dan (`savsebiT Seuwuxebeli~) 4-mde (`Zalian Sewuxebu-

li~), gayofilia sqesis mixedviT.

N saqarTvelo kaci qali t-testi sagzao moZraobebisas SesaZlo daziane-

bisagan 513 2.52 2.32 2.61 n.s.

sajaro adgilis SesaZlo udierad moqce-

visagan 523 2.28 2.12 2.38 n.s.

* SesaZlo cemisa da dazianebisagan

523 2.81 2.53 2.97 p


22

kavSiri aqvs maT bunebriv monacemebTan. mamakacisgan gamowveuli safrTxis SemTxveva-

Si, Cveulebriv, naklebi fizikuri Zalis gamo, qalebs ufro cota Sansi aqvT Tavdacvi-

saTvis.

grafiki 6: me Sewuxebuli var...

(`Zalian Sewuxebuli~), gamijnulia sqesis mixedviT

4.3.2. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi sxva safrTxeebTan Sedarebisas

Semdgomi Tema Seexeba danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSs sxva safrTxeebTan mimarTe-

baSi. mocemulia sul 14 SemTxveva, romlebmac SeiZleba SiSi gamoiwvion. esenia: Zala-

dobis msxverplad SesaZlo yofna, qveynisaTvis terorizmis safrTxe, avtosagzao Sem-

TxvevaSi moxvedra da sxva 11 sisxlissamarTlebrivad naklebmniSvnelovani safrTxe,

rogoricaa mZime avadmyofoba, sibereSi sxvis tvirTad yofna anda ojaxis an partnio-

robis dangreva. me-3 cxrili gviCvenebs saerTo da sqesis mixedviT gamijnul Sedegebs.

cxrili 3: me Sewuxebuli var imiT, rom ...

saqarTvelo: saerTo monacemebi da sqesis mixedviT gamijnuli; sqesTa Soris gan-

sxvavebis t- testi saqarTvelo kaci qali t_testi

mZimed avad gavxdebi 2.69 2.54 2.76 n.s.

avtosagzao SemTxvevaSi movxvdebi 2.51 2.48 2.65 n.s.

*** Zaladobis msxverpli gavxvdebi 2.43 2.26 2.81 p

# 1, 2011

23

miRebuli Sedegebi gansazRvraven zemoT moyvanil monacemebs danaSaulebrivi

xelyofis SiSTan mimarTebaSi im aspeqtiT, rom zogjer igi meorexarisxovani xdeba sxva

safrTxeebTan SedarebiT. germaniaSi miRebuli Sedegebi amas adasturebs. danaSauleb-

rivi xelyofis SiSi mcirdeba, roca wamoiWreba sxva siZneleebi. gamokiTxvis Tematikis

mixedviT, SerCeuli 14 problemidan, danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis SiSs uka-

via me-9 adgili, mamakacebTan igi zogjer me-10 adgilzec inacvlebs, qalebTan me-4 ad-

giliT ki ikavebs safrTxeTa CamonaTvalSi sakmaod TvalsaCino mdgomareobas. es Tval-

naTliv gviCvenebs, rom saqarTveloSic danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi mosaxleobisaT-

vis, Sesabamisad, axalgazrda studentebisaTvis, ar aris yvelaze didi safrTxe. es ar

aris moulodneli. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSs Tuki SevadarebT sxva safrTxes, sa-

qarTveloSi da germaniaSi, igi dabalia. amaze miuTiTebs danaSaulebrivi xelyofis Si-

Sis Sefasebis Tematika. saintereso da meTodurad mniSvnelovania is, rom danaSaulis

msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis SiSi mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba maSin, roca erTmaneTTan

aris Sedarebuli calkeuli `safrTxeebi~, SiSis gamomwvevi SemTxvevebi. me-2 cxrilis

mixedviT, gamokiTxulebs Zlier eSiniaT `SesaZlo Tavdasxmisa da Zarcvis~ (3,12), aseve

`sacxovrebel binaSi SesaZlo SemoWris~ (3,04), `SesaZlo gaqurdvis~ (3,01) anda `SesaZlo

mkvelobis~ (3,21). SedarebiT dabalia `danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi~ (2,43 SeadareT

cxrili 3). sxva SesaZlo safrTxeebTan pirdapiri Sedareba gansazRvravs danaSaulebri-

vi xelyofis SiSs. aseTia axalgazrda qarTvelTa mier SiSis (safrTxeebis) Sefaseba Se-

Tavazebuli Tematikis mixedviT. (SeadareT cxrili 4).

cxrili 4: me Sewuxebuli var imiT, rom...

saqarTvelo: saerTo monacemebi da sqesis mixedviT gamijnuli, CamoTvlilia Se-

wuxebis xarisxis mixedviT, Sewuxebis xarisxi gamijnulia sqesis mixedviT

xarisxi saqarTvelo Sefaseba saerTo kacebi qalebi

Cvens qveyanas terorizmi daemuqreba

samoqalaqo omi daiwyeba

Cemi cxovrebis dones ver SevinarCuneb

mZimed avad gavxdebi

Cemi ojaxi an partnioroba daingreva

Cemi pensia/uzrunvelyofa sibereSi garantirebu-

li ar aris

umuSevari davrCebi

avtosagzao SemTxvevaSi movxvdebi

Zaladobis msxverpli gavxvdebi

sayofacxovrebo minimumi Zlier aiwevs

sibereSi marto davrCebi

Cernobilis msgavsi SemTxveva ganmeordeba

sibereSi sxvisi tvirTi gavxdebi

Cvens qveyanaSi bevri ucxoeli Camova

2,82

2,72

2,71

2,69

2,65

2,61

2,58

2,51

2,43

2,39

2,21

2,19

2,09

2,05

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

1

2

4

3

7

6

9

4

10

8

11

12

14

13

1

5

2

7

8

3

6

9

4

10

11

12

13

14

axalgazrda qarTvelebs yvelaze metad aSinebT terorizmis safrTxe (2,82), samo-

qalaqo omis dawyeba (2,72), cxovrebis donis SenarCunebis SeuZlebloba (2,71), mZime

avadmyofoba (2,69), ojaxis an partniorobis dangreva (2,65), pensiis, uzrunvelyofis ga-

rantiis ararseboba (2,61), umuSevrad darCena (2,58) anda avtosagzao SemTxvevaSi mox-

vedra (2,51). amis Semdeg mxolod me-9 adgilzea dasaxelebuli Zaladobis msxverplad

yofnis SiSi. avtosagzao SemTxvevaSi moxvedris SiSi, me-2 cxrilSi moyvanili Sedege-

bisgan gansxvavebiT, aq uswrebs danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis SiSs.

gamokiTxulebma, upirveles yovlisa, daasaxeles terorizmisa da samoqalaqo

omis dawyebis SiSi. es iseTi safrTxea, romelic SeiZleba Seexos mTel qveyanas da Sem-

dgom TiToeul moqalaqes. Semdeg dasaxelebuli iqna iseTi safrTxeebi, rogoricaa

mZime avadmyofoba, finansuri, ekonomikuri siZneleebi (krizisi), avtosagzao SemTxve-

vebi da ojaxis an partniorobis dangreva. amaTTan SedarebiT, naklebmniSvnelovani


24

Cans Cernobilis msgavsi SemTxvevis ganmeorebisa da sibereSi martod darCenis SiSi.

yvelaze nakleb safrTxed iqna dasaxelebuli qveyanaSi bevri ucxoelis Camosvla.

mamakacebTan SedarebiT, qalebi mniSvnelovnad nakleb daurwmuneblobas, SiSs

gviCveneben iseT safrTxeebTan mimarTebaSi, rogoricaa: samoqalaqo omis dawyeba, mZime

avadmyofoba anda avtosagzao SemTxvevaSi moxvedra. amis sawinaaRmdegod, mamakacebTan

SedarebiT qalebi gviCveneben ufro met SiSs iseTi safrTxeebis mimarT, rogoricaa: si-

bereSi pensiis, uzrunvelyofis garantiis ararseboba, umuSevrad darCena anda danaSa-

ulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofna. es gansxvaveba gasagebi da sarwmunoa. ase, magaliTad,

wesisamebr, qalebi avlenen janmrTelobisadmi ukeTes damokidebulebas. isini xSirad

midian eqimTan gamokvlevebis Casatareblad, Sesabamisad, aqvT meti informacia Tavian-

Ti janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze, rac amcirebs maT SiSs mZimed avadmyofobis Taobaze.

qalebi ufro naklebad mgzavroben avtomanqaniT, rac aseve amcirebs maT SiSs avtosag-

zao SemTxvevaSi moxvedrasTan dakavSirebiT. meore mxriv, qalebs samuSaos Ziebis dros

mamakacebTan SedarebiT araxelsayreli pozicia aqvT, gamoimuSaveben SedarebiT nak-

lebs, maT ufro xSirad emuqrebaT umuSevroba, vidre TavianT mamakac kolegebs. ojax-

ze ufro meti zrunvis gamo, qalebi Rebuloben SedarebiT dabal pensiasa da uzrunvel-

yofas. saerTaSoriso masStabiT aRiarebulia danaSaulis ufro didi SiSi qalebSi, vid-

re mamakacebSi.

sqesis mixedviT SiSis Sefaseba gviCvenebs, rom qalebs, mamakacebTan SedarebiT,

TiTqmis yvela Tematikis mixedviT, ufro meti SiSi aqvT. 14 Sedarebuli Tematikidan

mxolod 5 aris statistikurad mniSvnelovani. (SeadareT cxrili 3; grafiki 7). qalebi,

mamakacebTan SedarebiT, ufro metad arian Sewuxebuli iseTi safrTxiT (SiSiT), rogo-

ric aris: danaSaulis msxverplad yofna (kacebi = 2,26, qalebi = 2,81; P

# 1, 2011

25

cxrili 5, grafiki 8: me Sewuxebuli var imiT, rom ...

saqarTvelo: saerTo monacemebi, gamijnuli sikvdiliT dasjis momxreTa da mowi-

naaRmdegeTa Soris, t-testi maT Soris gansxvavebis dasadgenad

N saqarTvelo momxre mowinaaRmdege t-testi

sagzao moZraobebisas SesaZlo dazianebisagan 515 2.52 2.54 2.47 n.s. sajaro adgilis SesaZlo udierad moqcevisagan 521 2.28 2.31 2.28 n.s. * SesaZlo cemisa da dazianebisagan 520 2.81 2.89 2.73 n.s.

*** Cems sacxovrebel binaSi SesaZlo SemoWrisagan 526 3.04 3.11 2.89 p


26

sayofacxovrebo minimumi Zlier aiwevs 2.39 2.38 2.42 n.s.

Cvens qveyanaSi bevri ucxoeli Camova 2.05 2.06 2.03 n.s.

samoqalaqo omi daiwyeba 2.72 2.71 2.75 n.s. Cemi pensia/uzrunvelyofa sibereSi ga-

rantirebuli ar aris 2.61 2.60 2.64 n.s.

** Cvens qveyanas terorizmi daemuqreba 2.82 2.87 2.71 p

# 1, 2011

27

Sedegebi gviCvenebs danaSaulebrivi xelyofis sakmaod did SiSs saqarTveloSi. am

dros, upirvelesad, gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom aq gamokiTxuli iyvnen axalgazrda

adamianebi. isini, yvela SemTxvevaSi, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis nakleb SiSs aCvenebdnen,

vidre gamokiTxuli asakovnebi. Cveni kvleva gviCvenebs Sedegebis damokidebulebas me-

TodebTan. imisda mixedviT, Tu rogor da ra konteqstSi xdeboda danaSaulebrivi xel-

yofis SiSis sakiTxis gamokiTxva, miRebuli Sedegebi icvleboda arc Tu ise umniSvne-

lod. danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis miRebuli maRali maCvenebeli unda aixsnas mosax-

leobis mdgomareobiT.

danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis Tema mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac igi moq-

medebs prevenciuli RonisZiebis SemoRebaze. amas emateba isic, rom mSiSara adamianebi

xSirad icvlian TavianTi cxovrebis wess, arian naklebad aqtiurebi, riTac xels uwyo-

ben SiSis gaZlierebas, vidre mis Semcirebas.

danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis diferencirebuli gageba aseve gviCvenebs, rom

danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yofnis SiSi SedarebiT dabalia iseTi safrTxeebis

SiSTan, rogoricaa: mZime avadmyofoba, umuSevrad darCena, cxovrebis donis SenarCune-

bis SeuZlebloba, e.i., upirveles yovlisa, ekonomikuri safrTxeebi. saqarTveloSi ada-

mianebis mTavar, centralur problemad ar Cans danaSaulis msxverplad SesaZlo yof-

nis SiSi. maT ufro awuxebT ekonomikuri safrTxeebi. maT aqvT germaniis moqalaqeebis

msgavsi SiSi, miuxedavad mkafiod gansxvavebuli ekonomikuri donisa. gamokiTxvebma

aseve gviCvena, rom danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis mqone admianebs mkacri sanqciebis

gamarTlebisaTvis ufro meti midrekileba aqvT, vidre naklebad mSiSrebs, rac srulad

sarwmunoa.

qarTvel studentebTan sakmaod vrclad Catarebuli gamokvlevis aq moyvanili

monacemebi gvaZlevs mniSvnelovan Sedegebs, romlebic Semdgomi samecniero gamokvle-

vebiTa da statistikuri analiziT unda gadamowmdes. es monacemebi miuTiTebs aseve em-

piriuli kriminologiuri kvlevebis aucileblobaze iseT gardamaval qveynebSi, rogo-

ric saqarTveloa. ruseTTan 2008 wlis omisa da qveynis did teritoriaze ruseTis ar-

miis Semosvlis Semdeg, miRebuli Sedegebi Seicvleboda. es ki miuTiTebs Semdgomi ga-

mokvlevebis aucileblobaze.


28

helmut kuri, ediSer futkaraZe, mixeil viurgeri

danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi qarTvel studentebSi

reziume

naSromSi gamokvleulia danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sisxlissamarTlebriv-politi-

kuri mniSvneloba, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSis sakiTxi germaniaSi. qarTvel studentTa ga-

mokiTxvis Sedegebi, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi standartuli Tematikis mixedviT, gareT ga-

mosvlasTan damokidebuleba, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi sxva safrTxeebTan mimarTebaSi da

SedarebiT aspeqtSi, danaSaulebrivi xelyofis SiSi da sanqciebis Sefaseba.

Helmut Kury, Edisher Phutkaradze, Micheil Wuerger

Fear of the Criminal Violation in Georgian Students

Abstract

In the laboured was explored criminal-political significance fear of the criminal violation, fear of the criminal violation iusse in Germany. Poll results of the Georgian students. Fear of the criminal violation of the according to the standard themes, going out with on attitade, fear of the criminal violation other threats to the attitude fear of the criminal violation. fear of the criminal violation comparative aspects, fear of the criminal violation and rate of the sanctions.

# 1, 2011

29

givi lobJaniZe

mmarTveloba da TviTmmarTveloba CineTSi (samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi)

CineTis saxalxo respublika mdebareobs centralur da aRmosavleT aziaSi, rom-

lis teritoria 9,6 milion kvadratul kilometers Seadgens. mosaxleobis raodenobam

CineTSi 1305 milions gadaaWarba, maTi 91% Cinelia. saxelmwifo ena Cinuria. mosaxleo-bis umetesi nawili aTeistia, morwmuneebs Soris arian konfucianelebi, daoistebi da

budistebi. CineTi msoflioSi erT-erT uZveles qveyanad iTvleba, romlis civilizacia

5 aTas wels iTvlis. 1911 wlamde iwodeboda imperiad, xolo 1912 wlidan 1925 wlamde ki

respublikad. 1949 wlidan moixsenieba CineTis saxalxo respublikad. CineTSi movlenaTa ganviTarebaze udidesi gavlena moaxdina mSromeli masebis an-

tiimperialisturma da antifeodalurma moZraobam, romelic ,,4 maisis moZraobis~ sa-

xelwodebiTaa cnobili (1919w.). monawileobda ra burJuaziul-demokratiul moZraoba-

Si, erovnuli burJuazia, am droidan moyolebuli gadadis meore planze da antifeoda-

lur, antiimperialistur revoluciaSi hegemonis rols asrulebs proletariati. movlenaTa ganviTareba xelisuflebas aiZulebda uari eTqva militaristebTan Se-

Tanxmebis teqstebze. man mxardaWera sTxova xalxTa masebs, aRiara komunistur partia-

Ta kavSiri. gomindanis programa Camoyalibebulia ,,sami saxalxo principis~ saxiT, ro-

melmac antiimperialisturi da antifeodaluri Sinaarsi miiRo: 1) Cineli xalxis gaTa-visufleba imperialisturi Cagvrisagan, erovnebaTa Tanasworoba, 2) saxelmwifos de-

mokratiuli mowyoba, 3) miwis ganawileba principiT: ,,yovel mxvnels Tavisi saxnavi~, bankebis, gzaTa da mimosvlis saSualebaTa nacionalizacia.

CineTis respublikis erovnul mTavrobaSi, romelic CineTis samxreTSi, kantonSi

moqmedebda, 1925 wlidan mniSvnelovan rols asrulebdnen memarcxene gominadanelebi,

romlebic komunistebTan TanamSromlobdnen. es mTavroba awyobs CrdiloeTis laSqro-

bas (1925 w.) samxxedro militaristebisagan CineTis dasabruneblad. 1

CineTis saxelmwifo mmarTveloba da TviTmmarTveloba efuZneba nacionalur Ta-

viseburebebs da qveynis istoriul unikalobas, ramac asaxva hpova modernizebuli so-

cialisturi sistemis formirebaSi. xelisuflebis miznebi da amocanebi dafiqsirebu-

lia 1982 wlis konstituciaSi, sadac weria: saxelmwifos upirvelesi amocanaa, rom mTe-li SesaZleblobiT ganxorcieldes socialisturi modernizacia. Cineli xalxi, ganur-

Cevlad warmomavlobisa komunisturi partiis xelmZRvaneblobiT, romelic SeiaraRe-

bulia marqsizm - leninizmis da mao Zedunis ideebiT, miemarTeba saerTo saxalxo diq-

taturis meSveobiT demokratiisa da socializmis gziT.2 CineTis kompartiis 2008 wlis

Tebervlis me-17 yrilobaze, gamocxadd ,,socialurad harmoniuli sazogadobis aSene-

ba~, romelic miiRweva Semosavlebis Tanabari gadanawilebis gziT, sxvadasxva katego-

riis moqalaqeTa Soris. Tanamedrove CineTis municipaluri mmarTveloba da TviTmmarTveloba, rogorc

1992 wlis komunisturi partiis me-14 yrilobis masalebSia miTiTebuli eyrdnoba da

efuZneba CineTis specifikas, romliTac gamoricxulia ,,mraval partiuloba da dasav-

luri parlamentarizm~. aqedan gamomdinare: a) CineTis saxelmwifoebrivi mmarTveloba igeba komunisturi partiis ideologi-

ur principebze. b) qveyanaSi stabilurobis da politikuri sistemis garantad gamodis CineTis ko-

munisturi partia.

1 z. Cernilovski, saxelmwifosa da samarTlis msoflio istoria, t. II. М. 2005, gv. 259

2 Китай на пути модернизации и реформ (под. ред. М.Л. Титаренко) М. 1999. с. 430-435


30

g) CineTis saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis Taviseburebebs warmoadgens misi avtorita-

ruli xasiaTi. d) Tanamedrove CineTis xelisufleba aqtiurad ibrZvis ori mimarTulebiT: daZ-

lios socialuri pirobebi, risTvisac atarebs sakuTari momsaxureobis ,,ganTesvis~

politikas msoflio masStabiT da ebrZvis Zvel komunistur biurokratiul mentali-

tets saxelmwifo StoeSi. CineTis saxelmwifo mmarTveloba Tavisi SinaarsiT orbunebrivobiT xasiaTdeba,

rac gamoixateba mTavrobisa da partiul xelisuflebaSi, garkveul donemde qveynis sa-

kanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis partiuli Cinovnikebis funqciaTa gao-

rebiT. sabolood ise, rogorc yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi aseve CineTSi maRalCinosani

partiuli funqcionalebi akontroloben Sesabamis saxelisuflo struqturebs. saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sistema mkacrad ierarqiulia qvevidan zeviT. CineTis

sakanonmdeblo organos warmoadgens ,,sruliad CineTis saxalxo warmomadgenelTa yri-

loba~. aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas ewodeba ,,saxelmwifo sabWo~, romlis daqvemdeba-

rebaSi Sedian saministroebi da komitetebi. sabWo 1949 wlidan Sedgeboda 32 kacisagan,

romelic SemdgomSi gaizarda 100-mde. qveynis politikuri centria pekini. qveyana da-

yofilia 5 safexurian administraciul erTeulebad, rogoricaa provincia (31), msxvi-

li qalaqebi (332), olqebi (2862), raionebi (44891) da soflebi (90600). provinciis statu-

si gaaCnia 4 did qalaqs (pekini, Sanxai, tiancini, Cencini). soflis garda yvela danarCeni

iTvleba saxelmwifo meqanizmad, xolo sofeli es aris adgilobriv TviTmmarTveloba-

ze dafuZnebuli erTeuli da kanonmdeblobiT ar iTvleba saxelmwifo struqturaTa

ierarqiis nawilad. CineTis saxalxo respublikaSi konstituciis Sesabamisad sakanonmdeblo orga-

nos warmoadgens sruliad CineTis saxalxo warmomadgenelTa yriloba da misi mudmiv-

moqmedi komiteti, romlis wevrebi airCevian 5 wlis vadiT, yrilobebsa da konferenci-

ebze, romlebic tardeba provinciebsa da samxedro nawilebSi. sesia ikribeba weliwadSi

erTjer. 1986 wlidan komitetis wevrTa raodenoba ganisazRvreba 3000 kaciT. warmomadge-

nelTa yriloba erTpalatiani organoa. mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis prezidiumis sesia,

mudmivmoqmedi komiteti, socialur sakiTxTa komisia, saarCevno erTeulebis delega-

ciebi. sesiebs win uZRvis mosamzadebeli sxdomebi, sadac irCeven prezidiums da sesiis

kancelariis ufross. iReben dRis wesrigs da wydeba sxva saorganizacio sakiT

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