Guram Grigolia - Egris-lazikis Shesaxeb

1mitropoliti anania jafariZe

guram grigoliaegris-lazikis Sesaxeb

(konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis

sazRvrebis kvlevisaTvis)

Tbilisi

2015

2 mitropoliti anania jafariZe, 2015sagamomcemlo saxli `teqnikuri universiteti~, 2015

ISBN 978-9941-20-501-9

http://www.gtu.ge/publishinghouse/

yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis nebismieri nawilis (teqsti, foto, ilustraciaTu sxva) gamoyeneba arc erTi formiTa da saSualebiT (eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri)ar SeiZleba gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriisaTvis amJamad mniSvnelova-nia kvleva imisa, iyvnen Tu ara ganlagebulni dasavleT saqar-TveloSi berZnuli kaTedrebi IV-V saukunidan, imis Semdeg racqarTuli eklesia daarsda da atokefalia miiRo.

iyo Tu ara dasavleT saqarTvelo konstantinopolis iuris-diqciaSi avtokefaliis mopovebis Semdeg?

am kiTxvas jer kidev ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebam gascapasuxi, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo mudam qarTuli eklesiis iuris-diqciaSi imyofeboda, rac Seexeba konstantinopolis sapatri-arqos saepiskoposoTa siaSi (noticiebSi) naxseneb lazikis saepis-koposoebs, isini mdebareobdnen qarTvelTa istoriul qveyanaSi_ qaldeaSi, romelsac amJamad lazistans uwodeben, trapezun-tis olqSi. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Zalze mniSvnelovania prof.g. grigolias kvlevebi, romelnic eTanadebian ruis-urbnisiskrebisa da wm. sinodis 2012 wlis 5 ivlisis dadgenilebebs amsakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.

redaqtori profesori ivane gorgiZe

3Sesavali

saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis darRvevisSemdeg mniSvnelovani safrTxe daemuqra saqarTveloseklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis mTlianobas.

saeklesio separatistebi ibrZvian, raTa qveynismTlianobis rRvevas Tan daurTon saeklesio mTlianobisSebRalvis dakanoneba saerTaSoriso saeklesio xelisu-falTa mier.

afxazma e.w. ` mitropolitma~ d. dbarma msoflio pa-triarqsa da msoflios yvela sxva marTlmadidebeli ek-lesiis meTaurebs daugzavna saCivari da moTxovna ` afxa-zeTis marTlmadidebelTa saeklesio krebis~ saxeliT.

d. dbari zogierT mecnierTa (da maT Soris qarTvelXX s-is istorikosTa) naSromebze dayrdnobiT amtkicebs,rom afxazeTi saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Se-yvanilia saeklesio kanonebis, kerZod me-3 msoflio saek-lesio krebis me-8 da sxva mraval kanonTa darRveviT.

Tu erTi eklesia SeiWreba meore eklesiis iurisdiq-ciaSi, miitacebs da gaauqmebs iqamde arsebul saepisko-poso kaTedrebs, aRniSnul kanonTa ZaliT valdebuliadatovos mitacebuli iurisdiqcia (Tundac saukuneTagasvlis miuxedavad), aRadginos Tavdapirveli statuskvo,anu Tavdapirveli saeklesio iurisdiqcia.

d. dbarma saerTaSoriso arxebis aqtiuri gamoyenebiTgaavrcela da avrcelebs informacias, rom saqarTveloseklesiam Tavdapirveli avtokefalia moipova mxolodaRmosavleT saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi, Semdgom saukuneebSiki is saeklesio kanonebis darRveviT daeufla dasavleTsaqarTvelos.

4d. dbari ucxoeTis sapatriarqoebSi gagzavnil weri-lebsa da internet gamocemebSi amtkicebs, rom saqarTve-los eklesiam mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sazRvreb-Si miiRo avtokefalia, amis Semdgom ki man IX-X saukune-ebSi ukanonod ganaxorciela saeklesio iurisdiqcia dasav-leT saqarTveloSi, maSasadame afxazeTSic.

amasTanave, XX s-is qarTvel mecnierTa erTi nawilisdabejiTebuli mtkicebiT qristianobis gavrcelebis Sem-deg IV-X saukuneebSi, mTeli 500-600 wlis manZilze dasav-leT saqarTvelo (e.i. afxazeTic) TiTqosda imyofebodakonstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi da iqmdebareobdnen konstantinopolis sapatriarqos lazikiseparqiis berZnuli saepiskoposo kaTedrebi ziganevisa(gudayvisa), saisinisa (caiSisa), rodopolisisa (varcixi-sa) da petrasi (cixisZirisa), romelnic, TiTqosda, 500-600 wlis Semdeg gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiam da maTnacvlad qarTuli daarsa.

rogorc aRiniSna am mtkicebebiT isargebles saekle-sio separatistebma da amJamad arwmuneben saeklesio saer-TaSoriso wreebs qarTuli eklesiis prozelitizmSi.TiTqosda qarTulma eklesiam Tavisi prozelituri qmede-bebis Sedegad konstantinopolis 500-600 wlovani iuris-diqcia dasavleT saqarTveloSi ukanonod gaauqma, rad-ganac avtokefaliis miRebis droisaTvis am regions qarTu-li eklesia ar flobda. is, mxolod Semdgom, prozeli-turi qmedebiT gacda Tavis kanonikuri iurisdiqciissazRvrebs da sxvisi saeklesio iurisdiqcia SebRala.

marTlac, samwuxarod, XXI saukunis dasawyisSi, d.dbarma moaxerxa afxazeTis saeklesio sakiTxebiT konstan-tinopolis sapatriarqos daintereseba.

5amis Sedegad, afxazeTis saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesas-wavlad saqarTvelos ramdenjerme estumra konstanti-nopolis sapatriarqos wm. sinodis delegacia, maRaliierarqebis monawileobiT. bolos, sakiTxis dasaregulire-blad TviT saqarTvelos uwmidesi patriarqi ilia meoreewvia konstantinopolSi msoflio patriarqsa da wm. si-nods, Tavis delegaciasTan erTad.

konstantinopolSi (stambulSi) afxazeTis saeklesiosakiTxi, misi uwmidesobis mimarT uaRresi pativiscemisgamo, droebiT mogvarda, magram WeSmaritebis dasadgenadaucilebelia Semdgomi kvleva.

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriisaTvis amJamad mniS-vnelovania kvleva imisa, namdvilad mdebareobda Tu aradasavleT saqarTveloSi berZnuli kaTedrebi IV-V sauku-nidan, anu imis Semdeg rac qarTuli eklesia daarsda daatokefalia miiRo.

sakiTxi ase dgas, imyofeboda Tu ara dasavleT sa-qarTvelo qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi misi daarse-bisa da avtokefaliis miRebis droisaTvis, Tu is kon-stantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda?

am kiTxvas jer kidev ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebamgasca pasuxi, roca Tavis dadgenilebaSi dawera, rom I-IVsaukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTvelo (da qarTvelTa yvelasxva regioni) qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofe-boda, amasTan dakavSirebiT am krebis dadgenilebaSi, ` Zeg-lisweraSi~ naTqvamia _ ` wmida andria mociqulma iqadagayovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloYsasa, xolo wmida ninommoaqcia yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~,anu maT epoqaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciaSiSedioda mTliani istoriuli saqarTvelo da mTeli qarTve-

6li eri, da Sesabamisad am sazRvrebSi miiRo man avtoke-falia.

dasavleT saqarTvelo wm. andrias samoRvaweo area-li iyo, romelic `Zeglisweris~ am mtkicebiT `yovelisaqarTvelos~ erT-erT nawils Seadgenda, amitom andri-am dasavleT saqarTveloSi qadagebiT _ ` yovelsa qveya-nasa saqarTveloYsasa~ iqadaga.

Zveli qarTuli istoriografiis Tanaxmad, IV-V sauku-neebSi, wm. ninosa, wm. mociqulTaswor mefe mirianisa dawm. mefe vaxtang gorgaslis dros qarTvel ers hqondaerTiani saxelmwifo, romelSic Sedioda dasavleT saqar-Tvelo. ` qarTlis cxovreba~ da ` moqcevaY qarTlisaY~ da-bejiTebiT miuTiTeben, rom qristeSobamdec qarTvelTaerTiani saxelmwifo (iberia anu ` qarTlis samefo~) moicav-da dasavleT saqarTvelosac.

samwuxarod, Zveli saeklesio da aseve, Zveli qarTu-li saistorio wyaroebis ignorireba moxda XX saukunisoficialuri istoriografiis mier.

saqarTvelos realuri istoriis kvleva efuZnebaqarTul da ucxour wyaroebs.

qarTuli wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT, ro-gorc aRiniSna, dasavleT saqarTvelo mudam erTiani sa-qarTvelos saxelmwifos nawils Seadgenda. qristeSobam-dec, azo-farnavaz-qujis periodidan vaxtang gorgaslisSTamomavlebamde is iberiis anu qarTlis samefos erT-erT nawils Seadgenda.

axali, XX saukunis istorikosTa erTi nawilis Tanax-mad ki, qarTvel ers erTiani saxelmwifo am periodSi (e.i.IV-V ss-Si) ar hqonia, radganac berZnul-bizantiuriwyaroebis cnobebiT lazika iberiaSi ar Sedioda. amito-

7mac, maTi azriT, am periodis aRmwereli qarTuli daberZnuli wyaroebi ar eTanadebian erTmaneTs, maTgan kiupiratesoba unda mieces epoqis Tanadroul berZnul-bizantiur wyaroebs, xolo qarTuli wyaroebi am sakiTx-Tan dakavSirebiT sandoni ar arian.

maSasadame, uaRresi mniSvneloba eniWeba lazikislokalizaciis sakiTxs. misi (lazikis) sakiTxia saTaveaRniSnul winaaRmdegobaTa da gaugebrobaTa.

sad mdebareobda lazika?Tu lazika mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos moicavda,

maSin berZnul da qarTul wyaroTa Soris winaaRmdeg-goba namdvilad arsebobs, xolo Tu lazika mdebareobdaufro samxreTiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi, am wyaroTa cnobebierTmaneTs araTu SeewinaaRmdegebian, aramed harmoniu-lad Seavseben kidec.

XX saukunis istoriografia lazikas aTavsebs dasav-leT saqarTvelos centrSi, rionis dablobze, rionisxeobaSi.

marTlac, Tuki lazika iyo dasavleT saqarTvelosSuaguli, maSin qarTuli wyaroebis cnobebi dasavleTsaqarTvelos mimarT ewinaaRmdegeba berZnuls, amis gamoXX saukunis istorikosebisaTvis mas legendarulad damcdarad miiCneven dasavleT saqarTvelos mimarT, romel-sac araviTari samecniero Rirebuleba ar gaaCnia.

magram, Tuki damtkicdeba, rom lazika ar mdebareob-da dasavleT saqarTvelos centrSi, aramed ufro sa-mxreTiT, maSin gamarTldeba qarTul wyaroTa cnobebida is gadaiqceva am sakiTxSi mTavar wyarod. am SemTxve-vaSi qarTuli da berZnul bizantiuri wyaroebis cnobe-bi erTmaneTs daemTxveva da isini erTmaneTs gaaZliere-ben da Seavseben.

8marTlac, aRmoCnda, rom lazikis mTavari mdinarefazisi ZiriTadad iyo ara rioni, aramed Woroxi. es mni-Svnelovani kvleva Caatares prof. guram grigoliam, akad.nana xazaraZem da sxvebma, riTac avtoriteti daubrunesqarTul, maT Soris saeklesio wyaroebs.

Tu fazisi iyo Woroxi, maSin fazisis napirebis mom-cveli lazika ufro samxreTiT mdebareobda, da am SemTx-vevaSi Rirebuleba ubrundeba qarTul wyaroebs.

arqeologi da istorikosi prof. guram grigoliamravali aTeuli weli wamyvani mecnier-TanamSromeliasaqarTvelos istoriis Semswavleli institutebisa. isaRizarda cnobili mecnieris, istorikosis konstantinegrigolias ojaxSi da TviTonac mTeli Tavisi xangrZlivisicocxlis manZilze gamoCenil istorikosTa wreSi tri-alebda, Sromobda da iRwvoda. am gamocdilebam mas sa-Sualeba misca siRrmiseulad Cawvdomoda dReisaTvisamouxsnel mraval im problemas, romelTac CixSi Seiyva-nes saqarTvelos istoriis rkvevis saqme.

9guram grigolia egris-lazikissamefos saistorio geografiis

problemebis Sesaxeb

g. grigolias azriT, prokofi kesarielsa da berZnul-laTinur wyaroebs unda gamoucxadoT meti ndoba, rad-ganac maTSi geografiuli garemo zustad aRiwereba _`SeiZleba moxdes didi cvlilebebi xalxTa politikurda ekonomikur cxovrebaSi, droTa ganmavlobaSi moisposda gaCndes axali saxelmwifoebi, dadgindes axali sa-zRvrebi, ` magram sruliad ucvleli rCeba geografiulierTeulebi, mTebi, zRvebi, mdinareebi da sxva, romelTalokalizacia utyuari amosavalia misamarTdakargulipunqtebis adgilmdebareobis dasadgenad~ (g. grigolia,egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis proble-mebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiis institu-ti, 1994 w., gv. 31).

md. fazisi, iberia, kavkasia

g. grigoliam berZnul-bizantiur wyaroTa mimoxil-viT daadgina, rom mdinare fazisi ZiriTadad aris aramdinare rioni, aramed mdinare Woroxi. magaliTad, isixilavs prokofis naSroms mdinare fazisTan dakavSire-biT da wers, rom prokofi mdinare Woroxs saTaveSiuwodebs boass, xolo Suawelidan faziss. fazisi (boasi) misdros gamodioda WaneTis axlo mdebare ` armenielTa adgi-

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lebidan~, iqve yofila punqti farangioni. es mdinare sa-TaveSi yofila Txeli wyali, fonebis mqone, vidre imadgilebamde, ` sadac marjvniv iberTa sazRvrebi aris, xolopirispir kavkasiis mTa mTavrdeba~. g. grigolias azriT,saTaveebidan Woroxis kalapoti farToa da dinebac Se-darebiT mdorea did manZilze. ` arTvinTan ki igi eqcevaviwroebSi, mTebTan _ ajiraxsa da mezlasTan icvlis mi-marTulebas Crdilo aRmosavleTidan Crdilo dasavle-Tisaken da didi siswrafiT mieqaneba zRvisaken~ (g. grigo-lia, egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis prob-lemebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiis insti-tuti, 1994 w., gv. 33).

g. grigolias kidev sxva mravali realurad arsebulifaqti umtkicebs Tvalsazriss imisas, rom prokofiseu-li fazisi aris mdinare Woroxi, magaliTad, prokofiscnoba, rom ` lazike yvelgan mdinare fasisis, rogorc aqe-Ta, ise iqeTa mxareze gauvalia, radgan qveynis orsave mxa-res uzarmazari kldeebia, romlebic iq did manZilze vi-wroebs qmnian~ afiqrebinebs, rom am cnobaSi namdviladWoroxi igulisxmeba da ara rioni. radganac rionis sana-piroebze mdinaris mTel perimetrze vidre zRvamde kldee-bi ar aris, xolo Woroxis napirebze did manZilze namd-vilad warmomarTulia uzarmazari kldeebi, romlebic iqnamdvilad qmnian viwroebs. prokofis cnobiT, aseT gzasromaelebi klisurebs uwodeben.

kvlevis Sedegad g. grigoliam daaskvna, rom prokofismier naxsenebi boas-fasisis marjvniv mdebare iberia arisklarjeT-kola-artaani da wers `rogorc Cans sworedarTvinTan gulisxmobs prokofi iberiis sazRvrebs daswored aqedan moyolebuli Rebulobs fazisis saxels

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Woroxi anu boasi. igi wyaluxvia da arTvinidan qvemoTmdinareze mTeli wlis manZilze mimodian didi zomis nave-bi anu kiukebi, garda zafxulis damdegisa, rodesac iwyebawyaldidoba~ (g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefos saisto-rio geografiis problemebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa daeTnografiis instituti, 1994 w., gv. 33).

prokofis fraza _ ` aq faziss sxva bevri wyalic ematebada nacvlad boasisa, amieridan fazisaTaa wodebuli~ _ g.grigolias azriT, gulisxmobs arTvinis sanaxebs da wers,rom arTvinamde Woroxs erqva boasi, xolo arTvinis qve-moT fazisi, xolo, prokofis mier naxsenebi ` kavkasiis mTa~gulisxmobs karCxalis mTianeTs da iqve mdebareobda pro-kofis mier naxsenebi ` kavkasiisa da iberiis sazRvrebi~.

prokofi wers: `naosnobisaTvis fazisi gamosadegiavidre zRvamde da mis orive mxriT lazike aris, magrammarjvniv is vidre iberiis sazRvrebamde dasaxlebuliaadgilobrivi mosaxleobiT. lazTa soflebi xom aq mde-bareobs mdinarisaqeTa napiras da qalaqebic maT ZvelTa-ganve aq auSenebiaT. maT Soris aris arqeopolisi, sebas-topolic aris aq da pitiuntis simagrec, xolo skanda dasarapani iberiis sazRvrebisaken. yvelaze RirsSesaniS-navi qalaqebi ki aq aris _ rodopolisi da moxirisi. mdi-naris marcxniv erTi dRis savalze lazikis sazRvaria. esmxare nakleb dasaxlebulia da am mxaris mezoblad romae-lebi cxovroben, romelTac pontoelebi ewodebaT~ (georgi-ka II, gv. 100-102). g. grigolias kvleviT, am frazaSi ig-ulisxmeba md. Woroxis sanapiroebi. kerZod, marcxenasanapiro istoriulad, marTlac, TiTqmis dausaxlebeliiyo, da am mxares mxolod zRvispira cixe-simagre xufaTianu petra mdebareobda, xolo Woroxis marjvena sana-

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piro, marTlac, mWidrod iyo da axlac aris dasaxlebu-li, radganac am mxaresaa uxvmosavliani xelvaCaurisa dabaTumis raionebi.

g. grigolias kvleviT, mdinare akamfsisi ewodebodazRvispirTan Woroxis mdinare aRmosavleT tots (georgi-ka, II, gv. 122-123).

g. grigolia wers, rom prokofismieri fasis-boas-akam-fsisis aRweriloba savsebiT waagavs XIX saukunis mogza-urebis osman beisa da d. baqraZis cnobebs Woroxis Sesaxeb(g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografi-is problemebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiisinstituti, 1994 w., gv. 32).

lazikis qalaqebi

pitia-pitiusi

g. grigolia eTanxmeba p. ingoroyvas, rom piTia-piti-unti romelsac xSirad moixsenieben berZen-romaeli av-torebi, sinamdvileSi mdebareobda rizesTan (g. grigo-lia, egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis prob-lemebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiis insti-tuti, 1994 w., gv. 89).

g. grigolia kvlav ubrundeba p. ingoroyvas Tval-sazriss, rom piTia rizesTan mdebareobda da eTanxmebamas _ `damajereblad gamoiyureba p. ingoroyvas varaudipiTias Sesaxeb, rom ptolemaiosis mixedviT piTia mdeba-reobda trapezuntsa da rizes Sua da erqva pitiusi _ igiofis navsadgurs unda emTxveodes~ (iqve, gv. 122).

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V s-is Zeglis noticia dignitatumis (`nusxa yvelaTanamdebobisa da mmarTvelobisa, rogorc samoqalaqo,ise samxedrosi, aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis mxareeb-Si~) mixedviT _ ` armeniis sardals eqvemdebareba pontossasazRvro xazi _ trapezunti, piTia, isulmeni, kenie param-bole, sebastopolisi da sxva~ (iqve, gv.120).

Tu piTia biWvinTaa, xolo sebastopolisi _ cxumi(rogorc amJamad miiCneva), maSin isini (biWvinTa da soxumi)armeniaSi yofilan moqceulni am wyaros mixedviT.

g. grigolias miaCnia, rom IV saukunis bolosaTvis af-xazeTis pitiunti _ biWvinTa aRar warmoadgenda samxedro-strategiul punqts (arqeologiuri masalebis mowmobiT,iq, sadac iyo garnizonis mTavari sadgomi, IV s-Si gaumar-TavT keramikuli qura). amis gamo g. lorTqifaniZe saer-Tod gamoricxavs V saukuneSi biWvinTaSi bizantiuri gar-nizonis yofnas (iqve, gv. 121).

g. grigolias TvalsazrisiT IV-V ss-Si dasavleT sa-qarTveloSi saerTod ar idga bizantiuri garnizonebi(iqve, gv. 122).

g. grigolia imowmebs n. adoncs, rom noticias Sedgeni-sas afxazeTis pitiunti da sebastopolisi ar ekuTvno-daT romaelebs, saerTod sxvaa afxazeTis pitiunti dasebastopolisi da sxva, notatia-s piTia da sebastopolisi(g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografi-is problemebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiisinstituti, 1994 w., iqve, gv. 122).

sad mdebareobda piTia-pitiusa-pitiunti?g. grigolia wers: `damajereblad gamoiyureba p. in-

goroyvas varaudi piTias Sesaxeb, rom ptolemaiosis mixe-dviT piTia mdebareobda trapezuntsa da rizes Sua da erq-

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va pitiusa (pitiusi) _ igi ofis navsadgurs unda emTxveo-des _ (g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefos saistoriogeografiis problemebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eT-nografiis instituti, 1994 w., gv. 122). (p. ingoroyva, g.merCule, gv. 253).

`am varaudis siswores mxars ubams IV s-is avtorisamiane marcelines cnoba: trapezuntis gverdiT arsebobssaxelovani q. pitiunti~ _ (g. grigolia, egris-lazikissamefos saistorio geografiis problemebi, saqarTvelosistoriisa da eTnografiis instituti, 1994 w, gv. 123).

maSasadame, am lazikis pitiuntidan iyvnen miwveulniepiskoposebi I msoflio krebaze da ara afxazeTidan,biWvinTis saeklesio sidiade mxolod qarTul eklesia-sTanaa dakavSirebuli da ara berZnulTan.

petra

g. grigolias kvleviT, petra erqva ara cixisZirs,aramed xofas (xufaTs). eTanxmeba ptolemaioss, rom se-bastopolisi iyo afsarossa da faziss (Woroxs) Sua daamave azrisa iyo p. ingoroyvac (g. grigolia, egris-lazikissamefos saistorio geografiis problemebi, saqarTvelosistoriisa da eTnografiis instituti, 1994 w., gv. 96).

g. grigolia wers, rom ` petras kaTedra pirvelad s. ya-uxCiSvilma daukavSira petras cixe-qalaqs~ (iqve, gv. 15).

aseTi dakavSireba safuZvliani ar iyo, radganac bi-zantiur samyaroSi, rogorc wesi saepiskoposo kaTedre-bi arsdeboda mxolod xalxmraval, mniSvnelovan qalaqebSi(da ara iseT adgilas, sadac iyo mosaxleobis simcire).

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petras cixe, TviT prokofis cnobiT, iustinianemde uka-cur, dausaxlebel qveyanaSi mdebareobda (fasisis marcxe-na dausaxlebel sanapiroze), aq cixe-qalaqi daaarsa ius-tinianem 530-ian wlebSi, magram ramdenime weliwadSiTviTon berZnebma daangries, amitomac, bizantiuri wese-bis Sesabamisad, is ar iyo saepiskoposo kaTedrisaTvisSesaferisi adgili.

petras cixe-simagre Cven ar unda miviCnioT petrassaepiskoposo kaTedrad, aramed es kaTedra SeiZleba veZioTsxvagan, petras kaTedris mdebareoba ar aris savaldebu-lo zRvis piras, radganac wyaroebi amis Sesaxeb ar miu-TiTebs, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom bizantiasa da lazikaSicmravali petra, petroni Tu petroRali arsebobda.

safiqrebelia, rom iustinianes novelaSi 535 welsnaxsenebi petra iyo mxolod cixe-simagre da ara saepisko-poso centri (maSasadame petras simagre sxvaa, xolo pe-tras kaTedra sul sxvagan mdebareobda). rogorc vTqviTpetras cixe-simagre mxolod oriode aTeuli weli arse-bobda. am mizezTa gamo n. adonci petras saepiskoposocentrs q. baiburdTan aTavsebda istoriuli lazikismaRalmTian da kldovan regionSi.

g. grigolias TvalsazrisiT, II saukuneSi, romis impe-riam lazikas CamoaWra teritoria samxreTidan da is Seiy-vana kabadokiis pontos SemadgenlobaSi _ (g. grigolia,egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis proble-mebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiis institu-ti, 1994 w., gv. 130).

daniel mesvetis cxovrebis mixedviT, V s-Si, sazRvradimperator leon I-is (457-474) dros bizantiasa da lazi-kas (`megrelTa afxazeTis samefos~) Soris cixe xufaTiiyo dadgenili (mefe gubaz I-is dros) (iqve, gv. 138).

16

xufaTi dRevandeli xofaa, maSasadame, aq gadiodasazRvari lazikasa da bizantias Soris (iqve, gv.138).

g. grigolias TvalsazrisiT, swored xufaTSi auSene-biaT bizantielebs (VI saukuneSi) q. petra.

cixe-simagre petra _ bizantiis imperiis CrdiloeTiskari yofila (iqve, gv. 25), mdebareobda saSinel kldovan-qarafovan adgilas, romelsac kargad aRwers g. grigo-lia prokofi kesarielze dayrdnobiT. amitomac miiCnevs,rom petra ar aris cixisZiri, misi azriT, rogorc iTqva,petra _ xofaa, Zveli xufaTia, romlis kldeebi erTgvarigeografiuli sazRvaria trapezuntidan dasavleT saqar-Tvelosaken mimarTul dadablebuli aresaken. amitomac,am bunebriv Camket sazRvarTan ijda ioane-cibe _ savaWromonopolisti, romelmac petras meSveobiT xelSi CaigdomTeli Woroxis xeobis (imJamindeli berZnuli lazikis)monopolia.

garda strategiuli mdebareobisa, petra unda yo-filiyo savaWro gzis Camketic, ara ubralo, aramed saer-TaSoriso gzisa. is akontrolebda ` Cven lazikas~, rom-lis aTvisebis Semdeg ` araCveni lazikis~ dapyrobis drocunda damdgariyo, es Cans, marTlac, ase moxda bizan-tielebis WaneTSi laSqrobaTa dros.

g. grigolias daskvniT, petras omebi imarTeboda arayvirila-rionis, aramed Woroxis xeobaSi, xufaTTan (g.grigolia, dasax. naSr., gv. 56). ` Cven lazikaSi~ SediodamesxeTis erTi nawilic _ istoriuli klarjeTi.

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zigana, moxora, ardasi

g. grigolia eTanxmeba n. adoncs, rom noticiis ziga-na trapezuntidan ardasaSi mimaval gzazea _ esaa ziga-nas uReltexilis (6640 futi) samxreT gverdze mdebarezigana, romelsac dResac ase ewodeba. xolo moxora _ziganas aRmosavleTiT mdebare sofelia dResac (g. grigo-lia, dasax. naSr., gv. 122, n. adonci, ` armenia iustinianesepoqaSi~, 1908. gv. 100).

g. grigolias azriT, zigana da moxora istoriul Wa-neTSia (g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefos saistoriogeografiis problemebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eT-nografiis instituti, 1994 w., gv. 122) da ara dasavleTsaqarTveloSi.

kerZod, Tuki zigana romelzec weren Zveli avtorebimdebareobda trapezuntTan, cxadia ziganas (`ziganevis~)saepiskoposoc iqve iyo da ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

g. grigolia ar eTanxmeba dRemde arsebul, ZiriTadads. yauxCiSvilis mier Camoyalibebul Tvalsazriss, romzigana (ziganeosi), pitia, sebastopolisi da sxva punqte-bi mdebareobdnen cxumTan, moxora _ quTaisTan.

g. grigolia eTanxmeba n. adoncs (n.adonci, armeniaarmenia iustinianes epoqaSi, 1908, gv. 100), rom noticiiszigana trapezuntidan ardasaSi mimaval gzazea, ziganasuReltexilTan (6640 fut simaRleze), romelsac dResacase ewodeba. xolo moxora _ ziganas aRmosavleTiT mde-bare sofelia dResac (g. grigolia, dasaxelebuli naS-romi, gv. 31, gv. 122). uTiTebs n. adoncis.

aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, berZnuli saepiskoposoe-bic ar unda veZioT dasavleT saqarTvelos SesabamispunqtebSi.

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maSasadame, ziganas saepiskoposo, romelsac s. yaux-CiSvili ziganevisas uwodebs, mdebareobda ara cxumTan(gudayvaSi), rogorc miCneulia s. yauxCiSvilis Semdeg,aramed trapezuntTan.

g. grigolia ar eTanxmeba s. yauxCiSvilis mier Camo-yalibebul Tvalsazriss, rom magaliTad zigana iyo _gudayva, piTia _ biWvinTa, sebastopolisi da dioskuria_ cxumi, moxora ki _ muxurisi.

TurqeTis qalaq gumuSxanes turistuli bukletebismixedviT, STambeWdavi kaTedralebi, saepiskoposo eklesi-ebi dResac dganan ziganas uReltexilis regionSi, maTamJamadac aseve uwodeben kidec ` samitropolito kaTe-drebi~ (aseTi sul oria) da dResac iq turistuli mar-Srutebi gadis, ziganas uReltexili ki istoriul kol-xidaSi, lazikaSi mdebareobda Tavis droze, trapezun-tidan 70 km daSorebiT.

afsaru-afsarosi-arqabe

g. grigolia imowmebs prokofis cnobas, rom ` afsaru~mdebareobda aTinasTan, xolo afsarus (afsarosis?) gver-diT arqabi mdebareobda. arqabi dResac ewodeba punqtsrizesTan. prokofi axsenebs kidec rizes _ `trapezun-telTa sazRvrebi vrceldeba daba susarmenamde da rize-mde, romelic ori dRis sazRvao gziTaa daSorebuli tra-pezunts... rizes mosdevs miwa-wyali erTi xalxisa, rom-lebic romaelebsa da lazebs Soris mosaxleoben. iq mde-bareobs aTina, arqabe da afsaru (sami dRis gziTaa da-

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Sorebuli rizes), is Zvelad afsurtad iwodeboda~ (geo-rgika, II, gv. 121-123, iqve, gv. 58).

fasisi-sebastopolisi

g. grigolias TvalsazrisiT, kastoriusis rukis anutabula pevtengerianas mixedviT (segmenti XI-XII) mni-Svnelovani gza somxeTis Zvel dedaqalaq artaSatidan mi-emarTeboda sebastopolisaken. i. manandianis mixedviT, esgza gaivlida faravnis tbasTan sofel fokas (pagas),aqedan abulis mTas (apulum), sof. xospios (Caspia) Sem-deg ucnob punqt `ad mercurium~-s, Semdeg `ad fontenfelicem~-s, da Sedioda sebastopolisSi (g. grigolia,egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis proble-mebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiis institu-ti, 1994 w., gv. 106).

daSoreba aseTi iyo: ad fonten felicemidan sebasto-polisamde iyo 90 km anu 60 romauli mili (iqve, gv. 106).

Cveni qarTuli istorikosebis miTiTebiT ad fontenfelicem _ aris varcixe (rodopolisi), magram varcixesebastopolisad miCneul cxums ara 90 km-iT aramed samjermeti manZiliTaa 165 km daSorebuli! _ wers g. grigolia.

e.i. varcixis gansazRvreba arasworia _ aqedan gamo-savals i. manandiani xedavs imiT, rom emxroba prof. er-emianis azrs (kipertze dayrdnobiT) _ ` q. fasisi traianesdroidan (98-117) sebastopolisad iwodeba~ (iqve, gv. 107).

zosimes cnobiT (georgika I) imperiis sazRvari aRwevdamd. fasisamde, aqve, maxloblad mdebareobda g. grigolias

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TvalsazrisiT sebastopolisi-cixisZiri. fasisi _ sebas-topolisia (eremiani) (iqve, gv. 107). q. faziss erT period-Si daerqva sebastopolisi, aseve mas pitiuntic ewoda(zRvispiras ramdenime pitiunti da sebastopolisi mdeba-reobda, oRond sxvadasxva istoriul periodSi).

sebastopolis-pitiunti

prokofis mixedviT sebastopolis-pitiunti lazika-Si fazisTan axlos mdebareobda (g. grigolia, dasax. naSr.,gv. 30).

sebastopoliss pitiuntTan axsenebs iustiniane, oRondmas es qalaqebi Sehyavs polemonos pontoSi da ara lazika-Si, misi sityviT lazika pitiuntisa da sebastopolisisiqiT mdebareobda.

iustiniane werda _ polemonos pontos qalaqebia _neokesaria, komana, trapezunti, kerasunti, polemonioni,pitiunti da sebastopolisi _ ` maT Semdeg mdebareobs Cve-ni lazike, sadac aris qalaqi petra, romelic Cven vaqcieTqalaqad da davarqviT Cveni saxeli _ iustiniane~ (georgi-ka, II, gv. 33-35).

e.i. ` lazike~ mdebareobda pitiunt-sebastopolisisSemdeg, jer aris sebastopolisi da Semdeg lazika. ` maTSemdeg mdebareobs Cveni lazike~ _ werda is.

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meore sebastopolisi - afsarosTan

Cans, arsebobda sxva sebastopolisic. klavdios ptole-maiosis wignSi _ ` geografiuli saxelmZRvanelo~ wigni V,Tavi VI _ CamoTvlilia kabadokiis adgilebi, kerZod, md.afsarosisa da misi Senakadi likosis Semdeg dasaxelebu-lia sebastopolisi. is dasaxelebulia qalaqebis Camona-TvalTa boloSi _ is, Cans iTvleba kabadokiis ukiduressasazRvro punqtad (g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefossaistorio geografiis problemebi, saqarTvelos istori-isa da eTnografiis instituti, 1994 w., gv. 128).

cxumis sebastopolisi SeuZlebelia yofiliyo kaba-dokiis sasazRvro punqti.

ptolemaiosis mixedviT md. afsarosi araa md. fazisi,Tumca orives erTidaigive dasaxelebis Senakadi aqvs, isafsarossa da fasiss Soris aTavsebs q. sebastopoliss (iqve,gv. 141).

sebastopolisi, ptolemaiosis mixedviT, mdebareobdakolxeTis samxreTiT. kolxeTi mdebareobda kabadokiis Sem-deg, iwyeboda dioskuria-sebastopolisiT da mTavrdebo-da md. fasisiT. CrdiloeTidan `kolxeTi mTavrdeba fa-zisiT~, ` samxreTidan esazRvreba kabadokiis ponto da misimomdevno didi armeniis nawili~ (iqve, gv. 128).

kastoriusis rukis anu tabula pevtengerianas (seg-menti XI-XII) gza, romelic somxeTis Zvel dedaqalaq arta-Satidan miemarTeboda sebastopolisaken iyo ara md. fazi-sis (Woroxis) marjvena sanapiros mxares mdebare gza, ara-med gacilebiT ufro samxreTiT mdebare gza, romelic ar-meniis qalaq artaSats kabadokiis Crdilo nawilTanaerTebda, romlis maxlobladac mdebareobda kolxidissamxreTSi mdebare meore sebastopolisi. SesaZloa, ar-

22

taSatis dedaqalaqobis dros lazika jer kidev flobda of-rizesaken mdebare miwebs, xolo V saukuneSi misi terito-ria Semcirda da bizantiasTan misi sazRvari xofa-xufaT-Tan ganisazRvra.

sebastopolisi-cixisZiri,

noqalaqevi-arqeopolisi,

foTi, kutaia-quTaisi

kastoriusis rukis anu tabula pevtengerianas mixed-viT (segmenti XI-XII) mniSvnelovani gza _ magistrali g.grigolias sityviT, ar Sedis noqalaqevSi, romelic ` egri-sis dedaqalaqi~ iyo rukis Sedgenis dros (III-IV ss-Si), g.grigolias azriT ` Zneli warmosadgenia, rom gzas gverdiaevlo dedaqalaqisaTvis da kastoriuss igi gamorCenoda~(g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografi-is problemebi, saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiisinstituti, 1994 w., iqve, gv. 108).

g. grigolias TqmiT, rukaze foTSic ar Sedis gza daaseve gzaze ar Cans kutaia _ quTaisi (iqve, gv. 109).

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, tabula pevtengerianasrukis gzebi asaxavs ara dasavleT saqarTvelos monakveTs,aramed gzas artaSatidan _ Woroxis SesarTavis regionisqalaqebisaken, sadac unda veZioT arqeopolisi, kutaia dasxva qalaqebi.

g. grigolias TvalsazrisiT, sebastopolisi aris ci-xisZiri, aq Sedioda tabula pevtengerianas gza (g. grigo-lia, iqve, gv. 113).

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g. grigolia miiCnevs, rom Woroxis marjvena sana-pirodan iberiamde mdebare adgilebi (anu prokofis si-tyviT, fasisis aqeTa napiras mdebare) moicavdnen dasav-leT saqarTvelos siRrmeebs, magram TviTonve wers, romprokofi am SemTxvevaSi iberias uwodebda Semdegdroin-del arTvin-artanuj-artaanis mimdebare mxareebs. aqedangamomdinare, lazikis is cnobili soflebi da qalaqebi,romlebic mdinare fasisis marjvniv iberiamde iyvnen gan-lagebulni mdebareobdnen ara dasavleT saqarTvelossiRrmeebSi, aramed Woroxis marjvena sanapiroze kola-artaanis mimarTulebiT, Sesabamisad, prokofis mier aR-werili cnobili qalaqebi rodopolisi da moxirisi mde-bareobdnen Woroxis marjvena sanapiroze erge-livan-klarjeTis teritoriaze, aseve, prokofis mier naxsenebi`iberiis sazRvrebisaken~ mdebare skanda da sarapani undaveZioT ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed artanuj-ar-taanis SemaerTebel gzaze. es gza Woroxis anu fasisis Se-sarTavs akavSirebda iberiis (anu artaanis) gavliT som-xeTsa da sparseTTan. swored am gzis dasacavad iyo agebu-li aRniSnuli cixeebi skanda da sarapana.

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somxeTsa da lazikas Sorisarsebuli umoklesi gza

xofadan Woroxisaken da aqedan aRmosavleTiT iberi-isaken, armeniasa da persarmeniisaken mimavali gza Zvel-Taganve arsebobda, amis Sesaxeb araerT cnobas vxvdebiTqarTlis cxovrebaSi.

xufaTidan iberiisaken gamavali gza miemarTebodaWoroxis xeobaSi da imdenad yofila gakvaluli, romzamTris periodSic ki ar ferxdeboda masze xalxTa didimasebis moZraoba. `aseTi iyo es gza ganviTarebul SuasaukuneebSi da aseTive unda yofiliyo ufro adrec,prokofis drosac. am gzis erT boloSi mdebareobs xofa,sadac Cven petras arsebobas vvaraudobT~ (g. grigolia,egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis proble-mebi, 1994, gv. 65).

Woroxis gzasTan dakavSirebiT g. grigolia imowmebsax.w. V s-is avtors priske panionels da askvnis, rom som-xeTsa da lazikas Soris ufro adrec arsebobda umoklesigza (iqve, gv. 126).

priske panioneli Tavis istoriaSi, 433-474 wlebisambebis aRwerisas, Seexo romaelebis uSedego laSqrobaslazikaSi, maT ukan dabrunebisas gadawyvites daegegmaTlazikaze axali Tavdasxma _ ` bWobaSi iyvnen, Tu ra gziTelaSqraT: imave gziT Tu sparseTis mezobeli qveynis,armeniis gziT daewyoT omi, zRviT ki SeuZlebeli iyocurva, radgan kolxida unavsadguro iyo da Znelsavaliadgilebi hqonda misadgomad (iqve, gv. 127).

priske panionelis cnobaTa analizis Sedegad g. grigo-liam daaskvna: 1) kolxeTi (lazika) ` umoklesi gziT~ uerT-

25

deboda armenias; 2) lazika da armenia mezoblebi iyvnen,saerTo sazRvari hqondaT; 3) kolxeTis zRvispiri iyokldovan-qarafovani.

g. grigolias daskvniT, kolxeTis qveS priske panione-li ar gulisxmobs Tanamedrove dasavleT saqarTvelos.

priske panionelis mier naxsenebi kolxidis e.w. ` arme-niis gza~ unda iyos arTvin-artanuj-artaanis damakav-Sirebeli gza, romelic artaanidan uSualod SediodasomxeTSi da miemarTeboda dvinisaken. mis erT monakveTsqarTul wyaroebSi ` gza klarjeTisa~ erqva.

esaa dvini-arTvinis damakavSirebeli umoklesi magis-trali (iqve gv. 127).

es gza bizantiur samyaros aerTebda sparsulTan.gza iwyeboda xofa-xufaTSi, romelsac g. grigolia

petrad miiCnevs.g. grigolia wers: ` xofa umoklesi gziT ukavSirdeba

Woroxis xeobas sof. forCxasTan. Woroxis zemo welidanmimavali gza arTvinTan iyofa orad, erTi toti yarsisasomxeTisaken miemarTeba, am gziT waiyvanes lazebma mefexosro anuSirvani petras winaaRmdeg. rogorc prokofiscnobidan vgebulobT, sparselebma gadalaxes boasi (Cve-ni gagebiT, Woroxis zemo weli) ` ...da ise mividnen petra-Si, rom fasisi marjvniv hqondaT~. Cveni varaudiT,sparselebs Woroxi unda gadaelaxaT arTvinis zemoT, 10-15 km moSorebiT, iq sadac imerxevisa da Woroxis SesarTa-via. Semdeg fasisis marcxena napiriT qvemoT eSvebianforCxamde da aqedan, umoklesi gziT uReltexilis ga-davliTa da md. xofas xeobiT, midian petraSi. Cans, romigive gza gaiares lazikaSi meored Semosulma sparselebma,amJamad ukve mermeroes mTavarsardlobiT rom miemarTe-

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bodnen romaelebis mier alyaSemortymuli petras dasax-mareblad. prokofis cnobiT, ` iman (mermeroem _ g. g.) armoindoma lazikis soflebze gaeara sadme, raTa mas raimedabrkoleba ar Sexvedroda~, da ise iara petramde, rom`fasisi marjvniv hqonda~. amrigad, yovelive zemoTqmul-idan gamomdinare, Woroxis saxiT gagvaCnia is myari, saime-do niSansveti, romelic saZiebo qalaq petras arsebobasxofas sanaxebSi migviTiTebs~ _ wers g. grigolia.

g. grigolias daskvna:g. grigolia imowmebs n. adoncs, p. ingoroyvas, v.

leqvinaZes, n. lomours da askvnis, rom noticiis 11 pun-qtidan aTi mdebareobda ara Tanamedrove dasavleTsaqarTveloSi, aramed trapezuntTan. kerZod, trapezunt-sa da satalas Sua mdebareobdnen zigana, xaZana, siluana,moxora da aviZa, xolo trapezuntis CrdiloeTiT WoroxisSesarTavamde _ hisis navsadguri (surmene), piTia (pitiu-si), kene parambole (axali banaki), valentia (afsarosi),xolo meTerTmete _ sebastopolisi ki, misi azriT, ariscixisZiri (iqve, gv. 123).

`amrigad, armeniis samTavarsardloSi noticiis mixed-viT dasaxelebuli 11 punqtidan xuTi _ zigana, xaZana, si-luana, moxora da avaZa _ Tavsdebian trapizonis samxreTiT,trapizonsa da satalas Soris. danarCeni xuTi _ trapizo-ni, hisis navsadguri (surmene), piTia (pitiusi), kene param-bole (axali banaki) da valentia (afsarosi) _ trapizoni-dan CrdiloeTiT _ samxreT SavizRvispirze (iqve, gv. 123).

g. grigolias daskvnebi cvlis amJamad arsebul war-modgenebs dasavleT saqarTvelos saistorio geografiisSesaxeb, isini Zalze mniSvnelovania eklesiis istorii-

27

saTvis, ewinaaRmdegeba XX s-Si CvenSi gabatonebul Tval-sazriss, rom konstantinopolis fasisis samitropoli-tos saepiskoposoebi, TiTqosda, dasavleT saqarTveloSimdebareobdnen.

g. grigolias daskvniT, amJamad gabatonebuli Tval-sazrisi eyrdnoba prokofi kesarielisa da sxva Zveli av-torebis cnobebisadmi nihilistur damokidebulebas da arSeefereboda sinamdviles. g. grigolias Tvalsazrisi kieTanadeba Zvel qarTul istoriografias, romelic saer-Tod ar icnobs dasavleT saqarTveloSi berZnuli saepisko-posoebis arsebobas, n. adonci lazikis saepiskoposoebismdebareobas trapezuntisaken miuTiTebda.

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zogadi daskvna

g. grigolias kvleviT cnobili pitia, pitiunti mde-bareobda ara afazeTSi qarTvelTa uZveles qveyanaSi,aramed qarTvelTa meore, ufro samxreTiT mdebare is-toriul mxareSi, lazikaSi, Tanamedrove rize-aTinasTan.

pitiuntis adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb aseve fiqrobd-nen didi pavle ingoroyva da cnobili mecnieri prof. n.adonci. es mtkiceba imiTaa saintereso, rom mTlianadarRvevs saparatistTa mier ` moZiebul~ mtkicebebs e. w.`afxazeTis eklesiis uZvelesi avtokefaliis safuZvleb-is~ Sesaxeb.

afxazi separatistebi amtkiceben, rom pitia-pitiu-sis saeklesio kaTedra afxazeTis eklesisis avtokefaliissafuZvelia da es kaTedra imdenad avtoritetuli iyo,rom misma episkoposma stratofilem 325 wlis pirvelmsoflio saeklesio krebaSi miiRo monawileoba, im dros,roca qarTuli eklesia Camoyalibebulic ki ar iyo.

prof. g. grigolias, prof. n. adoncisa da p. ingoroy-vas azriT ki, istoriuli pitiunti mdebareobda lazika-Si, rizesTan axlos, es mtkiceba mTlianad eTanadeba gela-si kesarielis IV saukunis cnobas, rom qarTvelTa ganma-naTlebelma wmida ninom moaqcia ara marto iberebi, aramedlazebic, e.i. mTeli qarTveli eri, _ `yoveli savsebayovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~, rogorc wers ruis-urb-nisis kreba.

wmida ninom rom moaqcia lazika da amasTanave daar-sa kidec lazikis mTavari saepiskoposo kaTedra of-ri-zes regionSi. amis Sesaxeb werda lazikis XVII saukunismitropoliti germane ruseTis mefisaTvis gagzavnilcnobaSi. aqedan iyo rizesTan mdebare pitiuntis saepis-

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koposo kaTedra, romlis episkoposi monawileobda pir-vel msoflio saeklesio krebaSi, da ara afxazeTis piti-untidan.

marTalia, afxazeTSi mdebareobda biWvinTis cnobilisaeklesio centri, magram is daarsebuli iqna qarTulieklesiis mier cota mogvianebiT, is qarTuli eklesiiserT-erT umTavres sasuliero centrs warmoadgenda mudam,Tavisi istoriis manZilze, da ara berZnulisa.

aseve, g. grigolias kvleviT, afxazeTis sebastopolisi(cxumTan) sxvaa, xolo bizantiuri wyaroebis sebasto-polisi sxva. Tu es asea, maSin afxaz saeklesio separa-tistTa kidv erT mtkicebas ecleba safuZveli e.w. sebas-topolisis (abazgiis) avtokefalur eklesiasTan dakav-SirebiT.

bizantiur wyaroTa cnobebiT, sebastopolisi mde-bareobda ara afxazeTSi, aramed lazikaSi, afsarosTan.

klavdios ptolemaiosis wignSi _ ` geografiuli sa-xelmZRvanelo~ wigni V, Tavi VI _ CamoTvlilia kabadoki-is adgilebi, kerZod, md. afsarosisa da misi Senakadilikosis Semdeg dasaxelebulia sebastopolisi. is dasaxe-lebulia qalaqebis CamonaTvalTa boloSi _ is, Cans iTv-leba kabadokiis ukidures sasazRvro punqtad _ (g. grigo-lia, ` egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis prob-lemebi~. iqve, gv. 128).

cxumis sebastopolisi SeuZlebelia yofiliyo kaba-dokiis sasazRvro punqti.

ptolemaiosi afsarossa da fasiss Soris aTavsebs q.sebastopoliss (iqve, gv. 141). (ptolemaiosis mixedviTmd. afsarosi araa md. fazisi, Tumca orives erTidaigivedasaxelebis Senakadi aqvs).

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sebastopolisi, ptolemaiosis mixedviT, mdebareob-da kolxeTis samxreTiT.

kolxeTi mdebareobda kabadokiis Semdeg, iwyeboda di-oskuria-sebastopolisiT da mTavrdeboda md. fasisiT.CrdiloeTidan `kolxeTi mTavrdeba fazisiT~, `samxre-Tidan esazRvreba kabadokiis ponto da misi momdevno didiarmeniis nawili~ (iqve, gv. 128).

g. grigolia ixilavs cnobil Notitia Dignitatum-s romel-sac qarTulad ewodeba _ ` nusxa yvela Tanamdebobisa dammarTvelobisa, rogorc samoqalaqo, ise samxedrosi, aRmo-savleTisa da dasavleTis mxareebSi~ (g. grigolia, ` egris-lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis problemebi~, iqve,gv. 120). es aris V saukunis Zegli, romlis mixedviTac`armeniis sardals eqvemdebareba pontos sasazRvro xazi_ trapezunti da piTia, isulmeni, kene parambole, sebasto-poli, zigana, moxora~.

g. grigolias TvalsazrisiT armeniis sardals eqvem-debareboda ara afxazeTis sebastopolisi, piTia da ziga-na, aramed trapezuntis olqisa.

saqarTvelos istoriografiaSi arsebul problemebssarkiseburad asaxavs dReisaTvis faqtiurad arsebuliviTareba, kerZod, saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTliano-bis rRvevas win uZRoda ideologiuri damarcxeba Ta-namedrove qarTuli istoriografiisa saerTaSoriso as-parezze.

jorj hiutim lakmusis qaRaldiviT warmoaCina, romrusuli okupaciis periodSi, XIX-XX saukuneebSi Camoya-libebul Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografias unariar Seswevs Seqmnas mtkice mecnieruli safuZveli saqarTve-los saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianobis dasacavad.

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magaliTad hiuti, sabWoTa periodSi damkvidrebulisamecniero aparatis gamoyenebiT amtkicebda, rom isto-riulad afxazeTs araviTari kavSiri ar hqonda saqarTve-losTan, rom afxazeTi, da saerTod mTeli dasavleTsaqarTvelo, TiTqosda, qarTvelebma IX-X saukuneebSidaipyres e.w. qarTizaciis procesis Sedegad.

misi msjelobebi eyrdnoboda qarTizaciis Teorias,romelic Tanamedrove qarTuli istoriografiis saZirkve-lia. anu hiuti imeorebda imas, rac masze win XX s-isqarTul istorikosebs ukve Teoriulad hqondaT Camo-yalibebuli, kerZod, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTveloTavidanve adiReuri tomebiT iyo dasaxlebuli da Sem-deg gaCnda iq qarTuli elementi, xolo, gaqristianebisSemdeg, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelo TiTqmis 600 wlismanZilze konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqcia-Si Sedioda da mxolod IX-X saukuneebidan gavrcelda iqqarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia qarTizaciis procesisSedegad, rasac afxazTa saxelmwifos gaqroba da afxaz-Ta Seviwroeba mohyva Sedegad. qarTizaciis Teoriam qar-Tveli eri sxvis dampyroblad da moZaladed warmoaCinasaerTaSoriso asparezze.

g. grigolias daskvniT, amJamad gabatonebuli Tval-sazrisi eyrdnoba prokofi kesarielisa da sxva Zveliavtorebis cnobebisadmi nihilistur damokidebulebasda ar Seefardeboda sinamdviles.

g. grigolias daskvnebi cvlis amJamad arsebul war-modgenebs dasavleT saqarTvelos saistorio geografiisSesaxeb, isini Zalze mniSvnelovania eklesiis istorii-saTvis.

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XX s-Si CvenSi gabatonebul Tvalsazrisi, rom kon-stantinopolis fasisis samitropolitos saepiskoposoe-bi, TiTqosda, dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdebareobdnenmoiTxovs mkacr samecniero revizias, magram am sakiTxisSesaxeb Tavisi mtkiceba dadgenilebis saxiT gamoaqveynasaqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelma wmida sinodma.

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wmida sinodis ganCineba

2012 wlis 5 ivliss saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedgawminda sinodis morigi sxdoma. sxdomas Tavmjdomareobdasruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi da biWvinTisa da cxum-afxa-zeTis mitropoliti ilia II.

wminda sinodma moismina manglisisa da walkis mitro-polit ananias (jafariZe) moxseneba saqarTvelos eklesi-is istoriis problematikasTan dakavSirebiT da ganaCina:

vinaidan XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi da gansakuTre-biT, XX s-Si, komunistebis mmarTvelobis xanaSi, mizanmi-marTulad Seicvala da gayalbda Sexeduleba saqarTve-los eklesiis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb, mkvidrdeboda ra azri,TiTqos dasavleT saqarTvelo IV-X saukuneebSi, anu 600wlis manZilze, ar iyo qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi,amasTan, TiTqos, Crdilo, aRmosavleT da samxreTsaqarTveloSi aseve ar Sedioda Cveni zogierTi istori-uli regioni, daevalos wmida andria pirvelwodebulisqarTul universitets, gadadgas realuri, drouli daqmediTi nabijebi aTeistur periodSi SemuSavebuliideologiis nacvlad saqarTvelos eklesiis namdviliistoriis warmoCenisa da popularizaciisaTvis.

xeli Seewyos meufe ananias (jafariZe) mier warmod-genili masalebis dabeWdvas da istoriul wyaroebzedayrdnobili im WeSmariti azris ganmtkicebas, rom ` wmi-da mociqulma andriam iqadaga yovelsa qveyanasa sa-qarTveloYsasa~, xolo wmida ninom `gananaTla yovelisavseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~ (didi sjuliskanoni, 1974, gv. 545-546) da rom amas mowmoben ucxouriwyaroebic.

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aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am azrs srulad iziarebs ba-toni ivane javaxiSvili. igi wers: ` andria mociqulic dawmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis damaarseblad damTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni, saqarTve-los sxvadasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZeb-nis survilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganu-yofeli saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvisiRvwodnen~ (qarTveli eris istoria, t. III, gv. 47).

`sapatriarqos uwyebani~, # 27, 2012

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sarCevi

Sesavali ............................................................................................. 3guram grigolia egris-lazikis samefossaistorio geografiis problemebis Sesaxeb ................. 9md. fazisi, iberia, kavkasia ...................................................... 9lazikis qalaqebi ......................................................................... 12

pitia-pitiusi ........................................................... 12petra ......................................................................... 14zigana, moxora, ardasi ............................................. 17afsaru-afsarosi-arqabe ........................................... 18fasisi-sebastopolisi .............................................. 19sebastopolis-pitiunti ........................................... 20meore sebastopolisi-afsarosTan ........................... 20sebastopolisi-cixisZiri, noqalaqevi-arqeopolisi,foTi, kutaia-quTaisi .............................................. 22

somxeTsa da lazikas Soris arsebuliumoklesi gza................................................................................. 23zogadi daskvna ............................................................................. 27wmida sinodis ganCineba ........................................................... 32

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kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa T. revaziSvilis

ibeWdeba avtoris mier warmodgenili saxiT

ed

gadaeca warmoebas 10.09.2014. xelmowerilia dasabeWdad 18.12.2014.

qaRaldis zoma 70X100 1/16. pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 38,5. tiraJi 100

egz.

sagamomcemlo saxli ` teqnikuri universiteti~, Tbilisi, kostavas 77

Guram Grigolia - Egris-lazikis Shesaxeb

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