<<20120412>> Archived distributions can be retrieved at; <http://tinyurl.com/2fzx23e>. This archive includes a html version of this list distribution and its MS/WORD version with its filename as “year-month-date.doc.” You can also access all      its attachments, if any.

Dr. Thomas Mensah <gaaerosp55@aol.com > Victor B. Lawrence, Ph.D. <Victor.Lawrence@stevens.edu>Mool Singhi <msinghi@Baharicom.Net>Dr. Edward A. Friedman <FRIEDMAN@STEVENS-TECH.EDU>Greg Cole, Ph.D. <gcole@gloriad.org>Dr. Harold P. Sjursen <hsjursen@poly.edu>Francisco Bozzano-Barnes <francisco@tenureecology.com>Hans Rudolf Herren, Ph.D. <hh@millennium-institute.org>

References:

(a) Meeting of GLORIAD, Baharicom/ACE and GLOSAS/GEWS at Stevens Institute of Technology on April 9, 2012<http://tinyurl.com/8a3lk3p>

(b) Minutes; Meeting of GLORIAD, Baharicom and GLOSAS/GEWS and others at the Stevens Institute of Technology <http://tinyurl.com/bqz4psa>

Dear All listed above:

(1) Many, many thanks for your coming to the mtg at Stevens Institute of Technology on April 9th (References (a) and (b) above).

Dear Paco:Many, many thanks for your excellent minutes (Reference (b) above).

Particularly, Greg, thank you for your coming all the way from the DC in the early morning.

Tom, thanks also for your joining via Skype from Atlanta albeit it was choppy.

Victor, sincere thanks for your mtg room and lunch, too.

(2) I think that the mtg was very productive and fruitful.

I especially appreciated to hear of Victor’s intention to have a next mtg in early May.

Victor, pls let me know the exact date in May as soon as possible. Thanks.

I hope that the MOU between Baharicom and GLORIAD will be signed at this occasion.  I think that this will be in line with Greg’s intention to make “quick action” on this matter.

Victor and Greg, if I am not intruding you much, I would greatly appreciate it if you can kindly include a short sentence in your MOU, saying that GLOSAS/USA arranged to meet you both — this is because I wish to attach its copy to our grant application to the NSF.

BTW, our GLOSAS/USA’s MOU with Polytechnic Institute of NYU, which Harold kindly arranged and signed by Jerry Hultin (former Under-Secretary of Navy, former President of Stevens Institute of Technology and current President of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University (my alma mater) can be retrieved at <http://tinyurl.com/yr7qbk> for your reference.

(3) As discussed, the next phase project is to deploy the Africa in-continent optical fiber network — hopefully using the US$ 4 billion pledged by the Japanese government at the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) held in Yokohama in the spring of 2008 <http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/>, for the construction of transportation super highway among sub-Saharan African countries.

I presume that this money has been given to the African Union (AU), so that, Tom, pls find out who in the AU is handling it there, how much was used (see Figure 1 below), how it was used, was it used to deploy optical fiber along the highway?, etc.  BTW, the US state law mandates to deploy optical fiber cable whenever any highway roads are set up.

Victor and Mool, pls ask the same to the following person;

Adama DeenNew Partnership For Africa's Development (NEPAD)International Business GatewayNew Road & 6th RoadMidridge Office Parkc/o Challenger & Columbia AvenueBlock B, MidrandJohannesburg 1685, South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 11 256 3646+27 83 258 6102 Fax: +27 (0) 11 206 3762Media ContactsTel: +27 (0) 11 256 3615AdamaD@nepad.orgmedia@nepad.orghttp://www.nepad.org/npca BTW we spoke with him via speakerphone at Victor’s office on 7/13/11 with Ed Friedman and Paco.

The following is a map I got at the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs when I visited them last May;

Figure 1: <http://tinyurl.com/42h5kug>

The total of green (grant) is about 46 billion yen which is about US $0.58 billion (at 80 yen/$ rate), and the total of yellow (loan) is about 38.7 billion yen which is about US $0.48 billion.  Therefore, the combination of the both is well bellow than US$ 4 billion pledged amount. However, those highway constructions seem not accompany with deployment of optical fiber cable, and also not coordinated each other on that matter — for which coordination the African Union would be the most suited outfit.

BTW, pls also visit the following list distribution;(20110616) (1) NIGCOMSAT Communications Satellite & Research and Development Training Centre and (2) Cloud Computing Simulation Center in Nigeria<http://tinyurl.com/3vgveal>

BTW, the following shows substantial optical fiber network in African continent;

Figure 2 <http://tinyurl.com/6ofndy8>

Figure 3: <http://tinyurl.com/2cj4orx>

This Figure 3 was made by the following person;

Rahul Tongia, Ph.D.Senior Systems Scientist Program in Computation, Organizations, and Society (COS) School of Computer Science (ISR) / Dept. of Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA tel: 412-268-5619 fax: 412-268-2338 email: tongia@cmu.edu http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rtongia

As the Figure 3 say, he estimated that the total cost of the Africa Intra-continent optical fiber network is to be about US$1 billion.  Paceo once

said that its deployment would spend about 43% of the total cost for digging the roads, etc.  This means that, if we can arrange the deployment of optical fiber cable along the transportation highway at the occasion whenever they are built, we can save US$430 million of Japanese tax-payers’ money, which might be utilized in other fields!!

Dear Tom:I think that we need to form an advocacy group (*), which can guide the African Union to this direction, and you, as the inventor of fast-extrusion of optical fiber (which changed the world) would be the most suitable  person who would direct this group.

(*) hopefully, with a fund from the Africa Development Bank, which has received a fund from the Japanese government.

(4) The National Research and Education Network (NREN) in Africa is administered by;

Akilagpa SawyerrSecretary GeneralAssociation of African Universities (AAU)Aviation Road ExtensionAirport Residential AreaP.O. Box AN 5744Accra-North, GhanaTel: +233-21-774495/761588Mobile: +233-24-432-1957Fax: +233-21-774821secgen@aau.orghttp://www.aau.org

The NREN is run as a part of;

Figure 4: <http://tinyurl.com/7qp8p9m>

Mool, you asked me about APAN, which is;

Figure 5 <http://tinyurl.com/chja9qt>

(5) Lastly, the followings are a few photos I took;

Photo 1: Harold Sjursen (left) and Ed Friedman (right) <http://tinyurl.com/d6qls8k>

Photo 2: Mool Singhi (left), Greg Cole (middle), Victor Lawrence (right) <http://tinyurl.com/c33urye>

Photo 3: Victor Lawrence (left), Francisco Bozzano-Barnes (middle), Greg Cole (right) <http://tinyurl.com/chknqdb>

Photo 4: Ed Friedman (left), Tak Utsumi (middle), Greg Cole (right) <http://tinyurl.com/73dk9pd>

(6) Greg, pls visit the following list distribution;

(20120327) (1) Extension of GLORIAD to Egypt and (2) Possible "GLOSAS Community Site"<http://tinyurl.com/7jbpqjf>

This mentioned of the following;

Example of "GLORIAD Community Site"<http://tinyurl.com/cxfmzof>

I would greatly appreciate it if you can find time to set it up soon — I think it is about the time to have it for our intensive, fruitful discussions.

(7) Tom and Ed, pls provide me with the full name and address of the key persons at the major universities in Benin (by Tom) and in Gambia

(by Ed).  I would like to start working on the construction of concept paper as similar to our Rwanda colleague;

Concept Note: The Global Early Warning System (GEWS) with Global University System (GUS) In Rwanda (November 20, 2011)<http://tinyurl.com/82uhmn6>

Those concept papers are to be attached to our grant application to the NSF, which is for the planning workshop of our GEWS project and which is to be held at the SIPA of Columbia University in its first day and at Stevens Institute of Technology in the following 4 days — both are still tentative.

Once our application to the NSF is approved, our African colleagues can apply for the PEER program of the USAID — see below.

(8) Victor, if possible, pls send me the Powerpoint slide file of your presentation made at our Columbia University seminar in the evening of February 15th — I am particularly interested in one of the slides about the world population forecasting which was made by the World Health Organization.

Dear Paco and Hans:

(9) Many thanks for the copies of your correspondences (ATTACHMENT I below).

I am very happy to know that you are making substantial progress in ECOWAS countries.

As I said elsewhere before, we will apply for a grant to the NSF for the above-mentioned planning workshop.

I hope that, once we get it, we would be eligible to encourage our colleagues in those ECOWAS countries in addition to Rwanda, DRC, Ghana, Sierra Leon, Bangladesh, etc. to apply grant to;

NSF and USAID Jointly Launch International, Interagency PEER Program to Advance Science Collaboration With the Developing

World<http://tinyurl.com/6ttzqmq>

Once they get the grant, they would form task-teams at their planning workshop which then construct their comprehensive project proposal with national plan by system dynamic simulation studies as for their subsequent 5 year projects.

The proposal will then be submitted to the Japan Embassy in their countries for the following Japanese ODA funds — which were pledged by the then Prime Minister, Mr. Naoto Kan, a junior alumni of my alma mater, Tokyo Institute of Technology in the fall of 2010;

(a) Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (2010-a), “Japan’s Education Cooperation Policy 2011-2015: Education for Human Security ~Building Human Capacity, Nations and World Peace through Educational Development~” -- US$3.5 billion<http://tinyurl.com/28zukro>

(b) Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (2010-b), “Japan’s Global Health Policy 2011-2015: EMBRACE - Ensure Mothers and Babies Regular Access to Care-” -- US$5 billion<http://tinyurl.com/26mfuf7>

I don’t know if the NSF/USAID would like this approach, but we have to try anyway.  This is because, the amount of grants received by the PEER program awardees are rather small, but, I think that we better follow the NSF officer’s advice as much as possible -- see ATTACHMENT II — though Greg said that;

“the grand designed project with a comprehensive, systemic and holistic approach is more cost effective than small charitable project in cyberinfrastructure field, ....” in the following;

Minutes of Meeting of GEWS/GUS at the Stevens Institute of Technology on March 29th, 2012<http://tinyurl.com/c6qrby7>

If everything goes well, this would then become the following multi-national project;

(a) “Africa Connect to Europe (ACE)” ultra-high-speed optical submarine cable of Baharicom has been  supported by the French Telecom with the fund from the European Union — US$700 million,(b) Africa Intra-Continent Optical Fiber Network may be assisted by the part of the US $4 billion pledged by the Japanese ODA,(c) GLORIAD has been supported by the US National Science Foundation and USAID, and governments and telecom companies in many other countries — about total US$240 million including about US$24 million from the NSF,(d) GEWS would work to get support by the US National Science Foundation and USAID and by the Japanese government’s ODA fund.

Dear Greg:

(10) Many, many thanks for your msg (ATTACHMENT III below).

I was very happy to see you again after I and my wife, Hisae, met you and Natasha Bulashova in a hotel in downtown Manhattan in 1995.

Many thanks for the info of GLORIAD (*) — I could download them all from the URL in your msg and could see all of them in Keynote — I hope PC users can view them with PowerPoint, too.  My wholehearted congratulations to your outstanding and tremendous accomplishments since we met in 1995, indeed!!  I also re-viewed the video of your demo of MOSAIC web browser during our “Global Lecture Hall (GLH)” multipoint-to-multipoint, multimedia, interactive videoconferencing held at your University of Tennessee in Knoxville on July 7, 1994, which was connected to the e-learning conference in Moscow and many universities between them (e.g., University of Milan in Italy, etc., etc.) <http://tinyurl.com/6r8c63>.  That was the historical event when your GLORIAD was started.  You came a long way since then!!

(*) Dear E-Colleagues:

When you click <http:// www.gloriad.org/stem />, you will get;

Recent GLORIAD presentations

From meeting at Stevens Institute of Technology on April 9, 2012 (Apple Keynote format)GLORIAD.Tata.zip (Keynote Version)GLORIAD.NSF.zip (Keynote Version)GLORIAD.Update.zip (Keynote Version)dvNOC.zip (Keynote Version)GLORIAD.Africa.zip (Keynote Version)

They are large files, so that I would strongly suggest that you get, at least, the first line with the followings, which can be opened with Apple’s Keynote (which may also be opened by Miscrosoft’s PowerPoint);

Baharicom.Stevens.2012-04-09.key (7.1 MB)Baharicom-1.Stevens.2012-04-09.key (123.2 MB)

I noticed that most of organizations which use broadband Internet of GLORIAD are in physical sciences, so that the addition of our GEWS to your GLORIAD may provide you with some weight.

I then hope that, as I suggested you before, you will meet with Hans of Millennium Institute at your earliest convenience to learn about their approach on policy analysis and evaluation, as advising bureaucrats and policy-makers with their system dynamics simulation models.  They are the major partner of our GEWS project.

I look forward to meeting with you again at the occasion when you come to Stevens Institute of Technology for your signing the MOU with Victor in early May.

Dear E-Colleagues:

(11) I would greatly appreciate it if you can kindly provide me with your support letter to our GEWS/GUS projects — see others at <http://tinyurl.com/2cjga3q>.  Many thanks in advance.

Best, Tak

ATTACHMENT I

From: Francisco Bozzano-Barnes <paco.bozzano@gmail.com>Subject: Re:Date: April 11, 2012 10:53:31 PM EDTTo: Hans R Herren <hh@millennium-institute.org>Cc: Takeshi Utsumi <takutsumi0@gmail.com>, Thomas Mensah <gaaerosp55@aol.com>

Dear Hans,

Thank you very much for the concise and relevant report. I would like to know if you have done hydrological estimates (Water Basin Balance studies), or know about there existence, about infrastructure, agriculture and health aspects. Basic national planning information and analysis.

Please take your time. We can use it now, but I respect your busy schedule.

Best,  Paco

On Wed, Apr 11, 2012 at 6:52 PM, Hans R Herren < hh@millennium- institute.org> wrote:

Dear Francisco,

Thanks for your interest. As for where we are with the ECOWAS project, and in particular Benin, we have hit a roadblock in the past few months, because the ECOWAS management team has changed, and the new folks are taking their time to get acquainted with their job and to make

decisions.

In Benin like all other ECOWAS countries, we have trained a number of people in modeling and scenario playing, and we have a country model with the key sectors of the economy, environment and society developed. We also have build an aggregate regional model. At this time the Team that is managing the project is busy with the integration of a malaria sector, which is an important aspect, that originally they did not ask for.

Please let me now what else you need to know….more details about the people or model?

would be happy to provide as much info as we have.

Kind regards, Hans

On Apr 6, 2012, at 12:29 PM, Francisco Bozzano-Barnes wrote:

Dear Hans,

May this message find you well. I am writing to you because we need to find out the exact state of the Systems Dynamic modelling in Benin, as part of the work that the Millennium Institute is doing in ECOWAS countries. This is to coordinate our activities with others.

Best regards,

Paco

-- Francisco Bozzano-Barnes           DirectorTenure and Ecology LLC(212) 652 5697646 897 2649www.tenureecology.com

ATTACHMENT II

From: "Story, Amber L." <astory@nsf.gov>Date: Mon, 23 Jan 2012 16:47:50 -0500To: Tak Utsumi <takutsumi0@gmail.com>Cc: Francisco Bozzano-Barnes <paco.bozzano@gmail.com>Subject: RE: Respectfully inquiring fund for our GEWS planning workshop

Dear Dr. Utsumi,The GEWS project you describe is rather large and covers a wide and diverse range of topics, so it is difficult to advice you.  However, there are some activities at NSF and elsewhere that might be potentially relevant to your interests.  Regardless of which path forward you take, you will likely have to refine and focus your project to something more defined. -          Smart Health and Well-Being, which touches on your interest in IT as well as well-being (broadly defined). http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=504739

-          PEER, a joint NSF and USAID venture.  In this activity, the foreign collaborator would need to submit a proposal as well.  There are restrictions on the countries and topics that are eligible. http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=121003

-          In NSF’s Office of International Science and Engineering, I would direct you to Dr. Ed Murdy.  He knows much more about science in Nigeria than I do.

Sincerely,Amber Story  Amber L. Story, Ph.D.Deputy Division DirectorDivision of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences 

National Science Foundation4201 Wilson Blvd.Suite 995Arlington VA  22230email:  astory@nsf.govvoice: 703-292-7249fax: 703-292-9068

From: Tak Utsumi [mailto:takutsumi0@gmail.com] Sent: Thursday, January 19, 2012 9:33 PMTo: Story, Amber L.Cc: Tak Utsumi; Francisco Bozzano-BarnesSubject: Respectfully inquiring fund for our GEWS planning workshop Mr. Amber StoryDirectorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic SciencesThe National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22230 703-292-7249astory@nsf.gov

Dear Mr. Story:

(1) Attached to this msg are the following files;

(a) Cover letter addressed to you.<12=01-19_v2_Letter to National Science Foundation.pdf>

(b) First Planning Workshop: The Global Early Warning System (GEWS) with The Global University System (GUS); To be held at School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), Columbia University (tentative), Date: (tentative); (September 26, 2011)<GEWS Planning Workshop_v9_[tu110411].pdf>

(c) Letter to Mrs. Johnson, Minister of Communications and Technology of Nigerian government, (8/22/11)<Ltr to Johnson with her acknowledgement.pdf>

(2) I would greatly appreciate it if you can kindly forward to appropriate division of your NSF, if our GEWS project does not meet with your program.

Looking forward to receiving your prompt response,

Very sincerely yours,

Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D.

ATTACHMENT III

From: Greg Cole <gcole@gloriad.org>Subject: Thank youDate: April 11, 2012 8:34:42 AM EDTTo: Tak Utsumi <takutsumi0@gmail.com>, Victor Lawrence <victor.lawrence@gmail.com>, Edward Friedman <FRIEDMAN@STEVENS-TECH.EDU>, Mool Singhi <msinghi@Baharicom.Net>, Mensah <gaaerosp55@aol.com>, Harold Sjursen <hsjursen@poly.edu>, Francisco Bozzano-Barnes <paco.bozzano@gmail.com>

Dear friends,

I wanted to thank each of you for the generous time givento our discussion this week.  It was both a pleasure and aprivilege for me to visit Stevens and to learn about Baharicom and the several efforts you have underway to addressR&E infrastructure across a wide portion of the Africancontinent.  And it was so good to catch up with my old friendand partner, Dr. Utsumi.  I'm really grateful to him for helpingget us all together.   I'm excited to continue our discussions and moveon the discussed MoU and towards the two upcomingmeetings (around April 20 and on April 24).  I am in midst

of a hectic week here in DC (and then in Chicago on Friday) but promise to send additional ideas/suggestions this weekend.  

As promised, I've posted the Apple Keynote presentation on our gloriad web site at:

http://www.gloriad.org/stem/

You will find it as the first link listed.  I will try to convert thisto powerpoint (and quicktime) and also post - as soon as Iget back home this weekend.  

I'm very hopeful for our future efforts together and thankyou again for meeting with me, for lunch (and for Dr.Lawrence driving me back to the Newark train station!).  

Best wishes,

Greg

-----Greg Cole, Principal InvestigatorGlobal Ring Network for Advanced Applications Development (GLORIAD)Director, Center for International Networking Initiatives (CINI)The University of Tennessee311 UT Conference Center BuildingKnoxville, TN  37996Phone:  865-974-2459Email: gcole@gloriad.orgWeb: http://www.gloriad.org/gloriad/team/usa/gcole.html

List of Distribution

Dr. Thomas MensahChairman / CEO Lightwave and Wireless Systems Inc.

303 Peachtree St Suite 4160 Atlanta, GA 30308 404 880 4793 404 630 2904Fax (404) 601.9204tmensah@lightwavecorp.netgaaerosp55@aol.comwww.lightwavecorp.nethttp://tinyurl.com/6qpnmfl -- bio

Victor B. Lawrence, Ph.D.Associate Dean and Bachelor Chair ProfessorCharles V. Schaefer, Jr. School of EngineeringStevens Institute of TechnologyThe Innovation UniversityCastle Point on HudsonHoboken, NJ 07030201-216-5636Cel: 732-407-9500Fax: 201-216-8246Victor.Lawrence@stevens.eduhttp://www.ece.stevens-tech.edu/iNetS/people/LawrenceVita.html -- biohttp://www.stevens.edu

Mool SinghiChief Operating OfficerBaharicom Development Co., Ltd5th Floor, Chancery HouseLislet Geoffray StreetPort Louis, MauritiusTel: +1-973-895-2750GSM: +1—973-960-2735Fax: +1-973-895-2401msinghi@Baharicom.Net

Dr. Edward A. FriedmanProfessor Emeritus of Technology Managementand Director of the Center for Technology

Management for Global DevelopmentStevens Institute of TechnologyCastle Point on HudsonHoboken, New Jersey, 07030 USA201-216-5188Cel: 917-476-1977Fax: 201-216-5385EIES No. 1871FRIEDMAN@STEVENS-TECH.EDUEdward.Friedman@stevens.eduefried1@yahoo.comhttp://howe.stevens.edu/globalhttp://howe.stevens.edu/index.php?id=572 -- bio

Greg Cole, Ph.D.Principal InvestigatorGlobal Ring Network for Advanced Applications Development (GLORIAD)Director/Center for International Networking Initiatives (CINI)Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment311 Conference Center BldgUniversity of TennesseeKnoxville, TN 37996-4134Cel: 865-309-5524865 974 1262 – Greg’s phone.‐ ‐865-974-2459 Fax: 865-974-1838 gcole@gloriad.orggcole@friends-partners.orghttp://www.gloriad.org/http://issue.utk.edu/cini/http://www.gloriad.org/gloriad/team/usa/gcole.htmlhttp://www.friends-partners.org/http://events.internet2.edu/speakers/speakers.php?go=people&id=1495 -- biohttp://www.friendspartners.org/GLOSAS/Global_University/Global%20University%20System/Cole's%20GLORAID/GLORIAD_update.pdforhttp://makeashorterlink.com/?B3BD61B1B

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/01/040102092834.htmhttp://usinfo.state.gov/eap/Archive/2005/Apr/15-476539.html -- about GLORIAD

Funded by the US National Science Foundation, GLORIAD rings the northern hemisphere with an advanced optical Internet currently linking scientists, educators, and students in the USA, Russia, China, Korea, Canada, Netherlands, the five Nordic countries, Egypt, India, and Singapore.

Dr. Harold P. SjursenProfessor of PhilosophyAssociate Provost for International Education and ResearchDirector, Liberal StudiesPolytechnic Institute of New York University5 Metrotech CenterBrooklyn, New York 11201USATel: 718-260-3597Fax: 718-788-4268Cel: +1 (917) 743-2390hsjursen@duke.poly.eduhsjursen@poly.eduhsjursen@gmail.comhttp://www.poly.edu/

Francisco Bozzano-BarnesDirectorTENURE & ECOLOGY888 Main St Apt. 345,New York, NY 10044, USA+1 212 652 5697francisco@tenureecology.comwww.tenureecology.com

Hans Rudolf Herren, Ph.D.PresidentMillennium Institute1634 I St NW, Suite 300

Washington, DC 20006cell + 1 530 867 4569 Tel  202 383 6200 Fax 202 383 6209hansrherren@mac.comhh@millennium-institute.orgwww.millennium-institute.orgwww.nourish9billion.org http://www.biovision.ch/nc/en/home/www.threshold21.comhttp://www.biovision.chhttp://www.eduvision.or.kehttp://www.millenniuminstitute.net/

*******************************************************************************Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D., P.E., ChairmanGLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A. (GLOSAS/USA)Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance EducationFounder and V.P. for Technology and Coordination of Global University System (GUS)43-23 Colden Street, #9L, Flushing, NY 11355-5913, U.S.A.Tel: 718-939-0928; Skype: utsumiEmail: takutsumi0@gmail.com, Web: http://www.friends-partners.org/GLOSAS/U.S./IRS Employer ID: 11-2999676 <http://tinyurl.com/534gxc>New York State Tax Exempt ID: 217837 <http://tinyurl.com/47wqbo>Google Profiles <https://profiles.google.com/takutsumi0/about>Facebook <http://www.facebook.com/GlobalEarlyWarningSystemsgews>List Distribution <http://tinyurl.com/8226jv6>*******************************************************************************