By: Bella Kviten

Grammer Book

• preterite, • preterite trigger words• car/gar/zar• spock verbs• snake verbs and snakey

verbs• cucaracha irregulars• imperfect• imperfect trigger words• imperfect irregulars• preterite vs. imperfect• ser vs. estar

• verbs like gustar• comparatives and

superlatives• transition words• future• future irregulars• future trigger words• por• para

-Specific events-To express events that are viewed by the speaker as complicated-To express the beginning or end of past action-To narrate a series of past actions or events

-aréasteóamosasteisaron

-er/iríisteióimosisteis ieron

PRETERITO

• Words that indicate preterito is being used

Preterito Trigger Words

•anoche•ayer•anteayer•el año pasado•la semana pasada•hace…que…

Car Gar ZarIrregular in the yo form

C ZG

qu cgu

Spock Verbs

hacer

verda

rserir

ir/serfuífuistefuefuemosfuisteísfueron

dar/ver-í-iste-ió-imos-isteís-ieron

hacerhicehicistehizohicimoshicisteíshicieron

Snake Verbs•Snakey VerbsOnly changes in 3rd person

•e>i•Pedir, preferir,

competir, repetir, ser, vir, sentir, venir

•o>u•Dormir, morir

•i>y•oir•e>y• leer, creer

Cucaracha VerbsAndar- anduvEstar- estuvPoder- pudPoner- pusQuerer- quisSaber -supTener- tuvVenir- vinConducir- condujProducir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj

-e-iste-o-imos-isteis-ieron

EL IMPERFECTIVO-Background information (time, weather, location)-To describe an ongoing past action with no references to its beginning or end-To express habitual past actions or events-To describe physical and emotional states or characteristics

-aréasteóamosasteisaron

-er/iríisteióimosisteis ieron

El Imperfecto Trigger Words

•Frecuentamente•Siempre•A veces•De vez en cuando•Mientras

•Muchas veces •Los lunes•Cada dia•Todos los dias

iriba ibamosibas ibaisiba iban

serera éramos

eras eraisera eran

verveía veíamos

veías veíaisveía veían

Imperfecto Irregulares

vs.

Ser vs. EstarSerD-description O-originsC-characteristicsT-timeO-occupationR-relationshipP-possesionE-eventD-date

EstarH-healthE-emotionsL-locationP-present conditonI-N-G-ING-ando, iendo

Verbs like Gustar•use singular form when followed by one or more infinitives•often used in conditional tense to soften a request

Comperlatives Superlatives•comparison of one thing to another (more, less, or as…as).

•indicates that one thing is the –best, worst, most, or least of all.

Bueno > MejorMalo > PeorViejo > MayorJoven > Menor

Mas de…Menos que…Tan…como

Transition Words•a pesar de – in spite of•anunque – even though•mientras – while•pero – but

•por lo tanto – therefore•sin embargo/no obstante – nevertheless•tambien – also

El Futuro•I, you, he, she, they, we you all will•infinitive + ending

•é•ás•á

•emos•éis•an

El Futuro Irregularsdecir → dirhaber → habrhacer → harhay → habrápoder → pondrsaber → sabr

querer → querrsalir → saldrtener → tendrvaler → valdrvenir → vendr

El Futuro Trigger Words

el proximo… (horas…)mañanaen (dos, tres...) (horas…)

Por•general, not specific•location (Portugal)•passing through (portal)•an exchange (import, export)•cause of something (porpuse)•how long something lasts (porever)•means pf transportation (transportation)•doing something instead of someone else (I’m por, pay for me)

Para

•destination (paraguay)•for whom something is done (surprise paraty)•purpose for which something is done (parasites)•to express an opinion (paradon me,)•to express idea of deadline (paramedic)•conpare/contrast (compara)