garemos xarisxis garemosdacviTi monitoringis sistemis...

garemos xarisxis garemosdacviTi

monitoringis sistemis Sefaseba

saqarTveloSi da misi harmonizacia

evrokavSiris direqtivebTan

2016

1

garemos xarisxis garemosdacviTi

monitoringis sistemis Sefaseba

saqarTveloSi da misi harmonizacia

evrokavSiris direqtivebTan

პოლიტიკის დოკუმენტი

avtori: manana deviZe, nino CxobaZe

2

sarCevi

Sesavali ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3

problemis aRwera ................................................................................................................................................ 4

problemis gadaWris gzebi............................................................................................................................ 4

rekomendaciebi ......................................................................................................................................................... 12

daskvna ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13

reziume ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14

danarTi ........................................................................................................................................................................... 15

3

Sesavali

saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos erT-erTi umTavresi

valdebulebaa, daicvas qveynis bunebrivi da kulturuli garemo, xeli

Seuwyos bunebrivi resursebis racionalur da mdgrad gamoyenebas da

uzrunvelyos sacxovreblad usafrTxo garemos arseboba, rac umTavresi

valdebulebaa rogorc axlandeli, ise momavali Taobebis winaSe.

politikuri damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

aqtiurad Caeba garemos dacvis, globaluri ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da

`mdgradi ganviTarebisken~ mimarTul saerTaSoriso procesebSi. dRes qveyans

ori ZiriTadi miarTuleba da amocana aqvs. es gaxlavT: 2030 wlisTvis

mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi (romelic qveyanas daekisra 2015 wels) da

valdabulebebi `asocirebis SeTanxmebiT~, romelic imave valdebulebebs

nergavs da anxorcielebs, rasac evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba moiTxovs.

ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze, gansakuTrebuli

roli da mniSvneloba eniWeba garemosa da bunebrivi resursebisadmi frTxil

da gonivrul damokidebulebas, raTa qveynisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis

infrastruqturuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebis procesSi srulad aisaxos

qveynis mosaxleobis ekonomikuri, socialuri interesebi da agreTve gatrades

is garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi, romlebic garantirebulad SeinarCuneben

bunebriv ekosistemebs.

haeris dabinZurebiT gamowveuli sikvdilianobis maCveneblebiT msoflio

jandacvis organizaciam (WHO) saqarTvelo erT-erT yvelaze dabinZurebuli

qveynebis rangSi ganixila, rac sruliad Seusabamoa qveyanis naklebad

ganviTarebul sawarmoo infrastuqturasTan. amdenad, atmosferuli haeris

dabinZurebis maRali maCvenebeli uxarisxo sawvaviT, gaumarTavi meoradi

avtotransportiTa (moZvelebuli) da haeris damtverianebis maRali doniT

aris gamowveuli.

saqarTvelos mTavrobam, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis pirobebSi, pirveli

garemosdacviTi erovnuli moqmedebaTa gegma (NEAP-I) SeimuSava da daamtkica

2000 wels. gegma iTvaliswinebda RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas 2000-2004

wlebis periodisTvis.

am dokumentSi urbanul dasaxlebebSi atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba erT-

erT prioritetul garemosdacviT problemad ganixileboda. pirveli

erovnuli samoqmedo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli garemos dacvis RonisZiebebis

umravlesoba 2000-2004 wlebSi realurad ver ganxorcielda Sesabamisi

arasakmarisi finansuri mxardaWeris gamo.

Semdgom periodSi ki, 2012 wlamde ver moxerxda garemos dacvis meore

erovnuli moqmedebaTa gegmis miReba saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier. garemos

dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli gegma moicavs 2012-2016 wlebs. samoqmedo

gegma ZiriTadad moicavs procedurebis SemuSavebas, agreTve dagegmvis

uzrunvelyofas garemos ZiriTad komponentebze haerisa da wylis xarisxis

marTvis mimarTulebiT.

4

amJamad haeris xarisxis monitorings axorcielebs garemos erovnuli

saagento (dakvirvebis sistema), garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis

saministros zedamxedvelobis departamenti (inspeqtirebis kuTxiT).

garemos erovnuli saagento aris saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi

resursebis dacvis saministros sistemaSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis

iuridiuli piri, romelic saagentos saxiT 2008 wlis 31 ivliss Seiqmna.

saagento saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoebisgan damoukidebeli

organizaciaa, romelic saxelmwifo kontrolis qveS damoukideblad

saqmianobs.

problemis gansazRvra

haeris xarisxze dakvirvebas saqarTveloSi awarmoebs garemos erovnuli

saagento garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros

zedamxedvelobis kontrolis qveS.

miuxedavad bolo wlebSi garemos dabinZurebis monitoringis sistemis

gaumjobesebisa, saqarTvelos garemos monitoringis sistema jer kidev Sorsaa

srulyofisgan da ar Seesabameba Tanamedrove standartebs. asocirebis

xelSekrulebiT aRebuli valdebulebebis fonze, ufro mwvaved dgeba

qveyanaSi gamoyenebuli indeqsebisa da standartebis Seusabamobis sakiTxebi

evrokavSiris standatebTan.

saqarTveloSi haeris dabinZurebis maRali done, wylis resursebis

dabinZureba da maTi arasrulyofili monitoringi, garemos dabinZurebasTan

dakavSirebuli adamianis janmrTelobis gauareseba avaldebulebs

saxelmwifos, gaaumjobesos garemos monitoringis sistema da garemos

parametrebisTvis gamoyenebuli standartebi evrokavSiris standartebisa da

moTxovnebis Sesabamisi gaxados.

mizani

naSromis mizania, atmosferuli haeris monitoringis sistemis analizi da

arsebuli materialur-teqnikuri resursebis efeqturi gamoyenebis gziT

garemos gasajansaReblad haeris dabinZurebis ekologiuri monitorigis

sistemis gaumjobeseba da evrokavSiris direqtivebTan harmonizacia.

problemis gadaWris gzebi

atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis monitoringis arsebuli sistemis mimoxilva

adamianis janmrTelobis riskfaqtorebis efeqturad marTvis gasaZliereblad

aucilebeli pirobaa qveyanaSi haeris xarisxis monitoringis Tanamedrove

erTiani sistemis arseboba. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadad dgeba sakiTxi

5

saqarTveloSi arsebuli monitoringis sistemis reabilitaciis Sesaxeb

rogorc sakanonmdeblo da meTodologiuri, aseve materialur-teqnikuri

bazis gaumjobesebis kuTxiT.

saqarTveloSi atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis uZravi wyaroa. erTi mxriv,

es gaxlavT energetikis seqtoridan, soflis meurneobis dargebidan da

samrewvelo obieqtebidan warmoebuli atmosferuli gafrqvevebi da meore

mxriv, moZravi wyaroebi _ avtotransportidan da sxva. maTgan ZiriTadi

damabinZurebelia avtotransporti, romlis roli atmosferuli haeris

xarisxis formirebaSi mniSvnelovania (2).

adamianis janmrTelobisa da bunebrivi garemosTvis usafrTxo mdgomareobis

miRwevis, SenarCunebisa da gaumjobesebisTvis umniSvnelovanesia,

garemosdacviTi saqmianobis sferosa da masSi Semavali haerdacviTi

saqmianobis seqtoris mdgradi ganviTareba, risTvisac Semdegi prioritetuli

mimarTulebebi da ZiriTadi amocanebia gansazRvruli:

- atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis sadamkvirveblo arsebuli qselis

gafarToeba da gadaiaraReba Tanamedrove xelsawyoebiT;

- avtotransportis gamonabolqviT atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis

Semcirebis strategiis SemuSaveba (teqnikuri daTvalierebis,

transportis moZraobis optimizaciis, satransporto magistralebis

sawvavis xarisxis kontrolis sistemis uzrunvelyofa, gzis safaris

gaumjobeseba, qalaqSi municipaluri transportis waxaliseba, mwvane

safaris standartis SemoReba);

- atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis arsebuli sadamkvirveblo qselis

gafarToeba da gadaiaraReba Tanamedrove xelsawyoebiT;

- saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan

Sesabamisoba;

- stacionaruli wyaroebis monitoringis sistemis awyoba;

- atmosferul haerze dakvirvebis sistemis gamarTva;

- sawvavis xarisxis kontrolis gamkacreba da kontrolisTvis

damoukidebeli organizaciuli struqturis Seqmna Sesabamisad

aRWurvili laboratoriiT;

- saqarTvelos parlamentSi sawvavis xarisxis gaumjobesebasTan

dakavSirebiT, garemos dacvis kanonSi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis

iniciativis dayeneba da kanonSi cvlilebebis Setana.

qveyanaSi atmosferuli haeris xarisxze dakvirvebebis regularuli warmoeba

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentia haeris faqtobriv mdgomareobaze

obieqturi da utyuari informaciis misaRebad, romlis ganzogadoeba swori

gadawyvetilebis miRebis saSualebas iZleva.

atmosferuli haeris xarisxze dakvirvebis punqtebis arasakmarisi

raodenobisa da arsebuli materialur-teqnikuri saSualebebis siZvelis (rig

SemTxvevebSi uqonlobis) gamo Semcirebulia gazomvebiT miRebuli Sedegebis

saimedooba da sizuste.

6

sabWoTa periodSi haeris dabinZurebis monitoringi xorcieldeboda

saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela samrewvelo da mWidrod dasaxlebul qalaqSi.

1990-iani wlebidan moyolebuli, saqarTveloSi (dedaqalaqis CaTvliT) haeris

monitoringis sistema, faqtobrivad, moiSala. bolo wlebSi TandaTan xdeba

haeris dabinZurebis monitoringis sistemis aRdgena, mimdinareobs dakvirvebis

sadgurebis etapobrivi gazrda da Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT aRWurva (ix.

Ddiagrama 1). aseve win gadadgmuli nabijia monitoringis Sedegad miRebuli

arsebuli monacemTa bazebis saagentos vebgverdze ganTavseba, rac aadvilebs

da xelmisawvdoms xdis informaciis mopovebas dainteresebuli mxareebisTvis.

haeris xarisxze dakvirvebis sistemas gansazRvravs garemos erovnuli

saagentos dabinZurebis monitoringis departamenti, strategiuli dagegmvisa

da sistemuri marTvis departamenti.

meTodologia, romelic haeris xarisxis monitoringis kvlevisTvis aris

gamoyenebuli, efuZneba erovnuli saagentos mier dakvirvebis sadgurebSi

haerSi gafrqveuli nivTierebebis gazomvebis Sedegebis analizs, indikatorul

gazomvebsa da evrokavSiris normebis Sesabamisad haerSi zRvrulad dasaSvebi

koncentraciebis mniSvnelobebis (mkg/m3) Sedarebas haeris xarisxis Sesabamis

evropul indeqsebTan, aseve saqarTveloSi haeris xarisxTan mimarTebaSi

moqmedi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis Sedarebas evrokavSiris direqtivebTan.

erovnuli saagentos mier yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli damabinZurebeli

nivTierebebis: mtvris, gogirdis dioqsidis, naxSirJangis, azotis oqsidisa da

dioqsidis, aseve sxvaTa koncentracia isazRvreboda im meTodebiT, romlebic

mocemulia sanqt-peterburgis mTavari geofizikuri observatoriis mier

Sedgenil meTodur saxelmZRvaneloSi: Руководство по контролю загрязненияатмосферы da agreTve saxelmZRvanelo dokumentebSi РД 52. 04-57-95 da РД 52

04-56-89 (1).

atmosferuli haeris monitoringis sistema saqarTveloSi dayofilia 4

kategoriad:

1) qalaqebi, sadac arsebobs dakvirvebis sadgurebi. aseTia Tbilisi,quTaisi, baTumi, rusTavi da zestafoni;

2) qalaqebi, sadac damontaJebulia avtomaturi sadgurebi. aseTi

sadgurebi damontaJebulia TbilisSi, WiaTurasa da baTumSi;

3) qalaqebi, sadac mimdinareobs indikatoruli gazomvebi. aseTi gazomva

saqarTvelos 17 qalaqSi tardeba;

4) qalaqi, sadac xdeba fonuri gazomva. es qalaqi abasTumania.

atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis monitoringi nivTierebaTa gazomvebis

mixedviT xdeba. es nivTierebebia: mtveri, azotis dioqsidi, gogirdis

dioqsidi, naxSirJangi, ozoni, manganumis dioqsidi, azotis oqsidi, tyvia.

haris xarisxis monitoringis qselSi 6 qalaqia CarTuli: Tbilisi, quTaisi,

7

baTumi, zestafoni, rusTavi, WiaTura. TbilisSi dakvirvebis 4punqtia, xolo

danarCen qalaqebSi TiTo-TiTo. gamozomvebma aCvenes (ix. cxrili 1), rom

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi Tbilisis atmosferul haerSi gaizarda

gogirdis dioqsidis, mtvrisa da ozonis saSualo wliuri koncentraciebi,

agreTve umniSvnelod gaizarda naxSirJangis koncentracia, xolo azotis

dioqsidisa − umniSvnelod Semcirda.

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi quTaisis atmosferul haerSi Semcirda

mtvris, gogirdis dioqsidis, naxSirJangis, azotis oqsidisa da dioqsidis

Semcvelobebi.

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi baTumis atmosferul haerSi moimata

mtvris, azotisa da gogirdis dioqsidebis koncentraciam, xolo naxSirJangis

saSualo wliuri koncentraci Semcirda.

ukanasknel wlebSi rusTavis atmosferul haerSi umniSvnelod daiklo

naxSirJangis, mtvrisa da azotis dioqsidis koncentraciam.

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi zestafonis atmosferul haerSi

umniSvnelod moimata gogirdis dioqsidis saSualo wliurma koncentraciam,

manganumis dioqsidisa da mtvris saSualo wliuri koncentracia Semcirda,

xolo azotis dioqsidis saSualo wliuri koncentracia daaxloebiT wina

wlebis doneze darCa.

aseve Catarda indikatoruli gazomvebi 9 qalaqSi sam etapad. am qalaqebSi

Catarebuli 214 indikatoruli gazomvis Sedegebsa da Catarebul

monitoringze dayrdnobiT, Camoyalibda saqarTveloSi dReisTvis arsebuli

haeris xarisxis saerTo suraTi.

haeris xarisxis dakvirvebis sistemis naklovanebebi da gaumjobesebisgzebi

garemos erovnuli saagentodan haeris monitoringis sistemiT miRebuli es

monacemebi erTgvarad win gadadgmuli nabijia haeris monitoringSi wina

wlebTan SedarebiT, magram udaod arasakmarisia da saqarTveloSi haeris

xarisxis realur suraTs ver asaxavs Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:

1. dakvirvebis sadgurebis raodenoba arsakmarisia rogorc TbilisSi,

aseve sxva qalaqebSi;

gaumjobesebis gza: saWiroa, gaizardos monitoringis qseli da daematos

dakvirvebis axali sadgurebi. dakvirvebis sadgurebis ganTavsebis adgilebis

gansazRvra unda moxdes reliefis, zonalobis, haeris nakadebis, dasaxlebis

simWidrovis, satransporto moZraobis, rekriaciuli adgilebisa da sxva

ekologiuri da anTropogenuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

2. gazomvebi, romelic moicavs mtvers da 7 nivTierebas (azotis dioqsidi,

gogirdis dioqsidi, naxSirJangi, ozoni, manganumis dioqsidi, azotis

oqsidi, tyvia), ar aris sakmarisi. evrokomisiis mier dadgenil

nivTierebaTa speqtri ufro farToa, magaliTisTvis: gazomvebi ar

8

keTdeba dariSxanze, kadmiumze, nikelsa da policiklur aromatul

naxSirwyalbadebze (3);

gaumjobesebis gza: daematos gazomvebi dariSxanze, kadmiumze, nikelsa da

policiklur aromatul naxSirwyalbadebze. Tu es ver moxerxdeba

monitoringis qselSi, indikatorul gazomvebiT mainc Seivsos.

3. dakvirvebis sadgurebis SerCevisa da monacemTa Sedarebisas, ar aris

gTvaliswinebuli reliefis Taviseburebani (mTa, ferdobi, mdinaris

xeoba, magTbilisSi mtkvrisa da veres xeobebi), haeris masebis

nakadebis moZraoba da ventilacia, rac haeris xarisxze mniSvnelovan

gavlenas axdens;

gaumjobesebis gza: axali sadgurebis ganTavsebis adgilebi

ganisazRvrosreliefis, zonalobis, haeris nakadebis, dasaxlebis simWidrovis,

satransporto moZraobis, rekriaciuli adgilebisa da sxva ekologiuri da

anTropogenuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

4. gazomvaTa Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi ar aris saTanadod

damuSavebuli da igi ar iTvaliswinebs ufro detalur analizs,

kerZod ki reliefs, sezonurobas, temperaturas, kumulaciur efeqtsa

da sxva anTropogenul zemoqmedebebs, rac haerSi ama Tu im

damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis gadaWarbebis an daklebis mizezebs

axsnida. aseTi detaluri analiziT haeris xarisxis marTva ufro

efeqturi gaxdeboda. garemos erovnuli saagentos weliwdeulSi

zogadad da martivad aris Sedarebuli haerSi gafrqveul nivTierebaTa

mxolod saSualo wliuri momatebuli da Semcirebuli raodenobebi,

romelic ar iZleva haeris xarisxis analizisTvis zust suraTs;

gaumjobesebis gza: monacemTa bazebis srulyofis mizniT, miRebuli

gazomvebis Sedegebi mxolod weliwdeulze gadaangariSebiT ar unda

Semoifarglos. klimatis cvlilebis fonze haeris Semadgenel nivTierebaTa

saSualo maCveneblebi unda gadaangariSdes sezonis Tveebis mixedviT da

gaanalizdes temperaturuli maCveneblebis gaTvaliswinebiT. aseve haeris

xarisxis Sefaseba unda moxdes temperaturuli reJimisa da klimatis

cvlilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

5. ar aris optimalurad gamoyenebuli dakvirvebis is sadgurebi, romlic

manamde arsebobda da axali avtomaturi sadgurebis damontaJebamde

SesaZlebeli iyo maTi garkveul donemde amuSaveba, rac ar Seqmnida im

did wyvetas dinamikaSi, rac arsebobs haeris monitoringis sistemaSi

postsabWoTa periodsa da damoukidebeli saqarTvelos bolo wlebis

periodebs Soris;

gaumjobesebis gza: Tu aris SesaZlebeli droebiT Zveli jixurebis amuSaveba,

moxdes maTi aRdgena axali sadgurebis damontaJebamde.

6. monitoringis sistema moicavs mxolod qimiur monitorings da saerTod

ar asaxavs biomonitorings;

9

gaumjobesebis gza: haris dabinZurebis xarisxis Sesafaseblad arsebobs

sxvadasxva bioindikatori, rogoricaa liqenebi xeebze, xavsebi,

mikroorganizmebi, mwerebis zogierTi saxeoba, amfibiebi da zogi frinvelis

bude. sawyis etapze biomonitoringisTvis SedarebiT mcire danaxarjebiT

SesaZlebelia liqenebis meTodebis gamoyeneba.

7. ar aris zustad gansazRvruli zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciebis

romel versias iyenebs zustad saqarTvelo, yofil sabWoTa periodTan

miaxloebuls, Tu axal, evrokomisiis mier SemoTavazebul indeqsebs.

gaumjobesebis gza: Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrom

unda daazustos saqarTveloSi gamoyenebuli indeqsebi, rac saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobiT gamyardeba.

saqarTvelos mier nakisri valdebulebebi

asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis mixedviT, atmosferuli haeris dacvis

sakiTxebSi ganisazRvreba Semdegi direqtivebi:

2008 wlis 21 maisis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2008/50/ECdireqtiva atmosferuli haeris xarisxisa da evropaSi ufro

sufTa haeris Sesaxeb.

gamoiyeneba am direqtivis Semdegi debulebebi:

erovnuli kanonmdeblobis miReba da kompetenturi organoebis

gansazRvra;1

zonebisa da aglomeraciebis dadgena da klasificireba (muxli 4);2

haeris damabinZureblebisadmi atmosferuli haeris xarisxis Sefasebis

reJimis dadgena Sesabamisi kriteriumebis mixedviT (muxlebi 5, 6 da 9);3

haeris xarisxis gegmebis SemuSaveba im zonebisa da aglomeraciebisTvis,

sadac dabinZurebis done zRvrul/miznobriv maCvenebels aRemateba

(muxli 23);4

moklevadiani samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba im zonebisa da

aglomeraciebisTvis, sadac arsebobs sagangaSo zRvrebis gadaWarbebis

riski (muxli 24);5

sazogadoebis informaciiT uzrunvelyofis sistemis Camoyalibeba

(muxli 26);6

1vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan oTxi

wlis vadaSi.

2vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSiSesvlidan eqvsi

wlis vadaSi.

3vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSiSesvlidan eqvsi

wlis vadaSi..

4vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan

SvidiwlisvadaSi.


SvidiwlisvadaSi.

10

2004 wlis 15 dekembris evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2004/107/ECdireqtiva atmosferul haerSi dariSxanis, kadmiumis,

vercxliswylis, nikelisa da policikluri aromatuli

naxSirwyalbadebis Semcvelobis Sesaxeb.



gansazRvra;7

zonebisa da aglomeraciebis dadgena da klasificireba (muxli 3(2));8

haeris damabinZureblebisadmi atmosferuli haeris xarisxis Sefasebis

reJimis dadgena Sesabamisi kriteriumebis mixedviT (muxli 4).

Sesabamisi damabinZureblebisadmi haeris xarisxis

SenarCunebis/gaumjobesebis mizniT, saTanado zomebis miReba (muxli

3(1) da 3(3)).9

1999 wlis 26 aprilis 1999/32/EC direqtiva zogierT Txevad

sawvavSi gogirdis Semcvelobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb, romelic

Sesworebulia N 1882/2003 (EC regulaciis da 2005/33/EC direqtivis

mixedviT.

gamoiyeneba 1999/32/EC direqtivis Semdegi debulebebi:


gansazRvra;10

sinjebis aRebis efeqturi sistemis Seqmna da analizisTvis Sesabamisi

analitikuri meTodebis dadgena (muxli 6);11

dadgenil zRvrebze gogirdis meti Semcvelobis mqone mZime sawvavisa

da gazoilis (navTobis gamoxdis Txevadi produqti) gamoyenebis

akrZalva, (muxlebi 3(1) da 4(1));12 (3, 4);

sazRvao transportis sawvavis saxeobebSi gogirdis Semcvelobis

zRvruli mniSvnelobebis dadgena (muxlebi 4(a) da 4(b));13

6vada: am am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan

eqvsiwlis ganmavlobaSi, garda muxli 26(1)(d)-sa, romelicSesruldeba winamdebare SeTanxmebis

ZalaSi Sesvlidan Svidi wlis vadaSi.

7vada: am am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan

oTxiwlisvadaSi.


rva wlis vadaSi.


rva wlis vadaSi.

10vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebi sZalaSi

Sesvlidan ori wlis vadaSi.

11vada: am direqtivis es debulebebi unda Sesruldes winamdebare SeTanxmebis ZalaSi

Sesvlidan ori wlis vadaSi.


Sesvlidan Svidi wlis vadaSi.



11

1994 wlis 20 dekembris 94/63/EC direqtiva benzinis SenaxviTa da

misi terminalebidan avtogasamarT sadgurebSi distribuciiT

gamowveuli aqroladi organuli naerTis (VOC) gafrqvevebis

kontrolis Sesaxeb, 1882/2003 (EC) regulaciiT Setanili

cvlilebis Tanaxmad.



gansazRvra;14

yvela terminalis identificireba, sadac benzinis Senaxva da CatvirTva

xdeba (muxli 2);15

terminalebisa da avtogasamarTi sadgurebis sacavebidan da

terminalebze moZravi konteinerebis CatvirTva/gadmotvirTvis dros

benzinis daRvris Sesamcireblad teqnikuri zomebis daweseba (muxli 3,

4 da 6, danarTi III);16

yvela sagzao cisternis CamtvirTav mowyobilobasa da moZravi

konteinerisTvis moTxovnebis Sesrulebis valdebulebis daweseba

(muxli 4 da 5).17

2004 wlis 21 aprilis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2004/42/ECdireqtiva zogierT saRebavSi, laqebsa da avtosatransporto

saSualebebis gadaRebvis produqciaSi organuli gamxsnelebis

gamoyenebiT gamowveuli aqroladi organuli naerTebis (VOC)gafrqvevebis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.



gansazRvra;18

saRebavebsa da laqebSi aqroladi organuli naerTis (VOC)Semcvelobis maqsimaluri zRvruli mniSvnelobis daweseba (muxli 3 da

danarTi II);19

moTxovnebis daweseba, ris mixedviTac moxdeba bazarze arsebuli

produqciis etiketireba da bazarze produqtebis ganTavseba, romlebic

Sesabamis moTxovnebs akmayofilebs (muxlebi 3 da 4).20






Sesvlidan oTxi wlis vadaSi.


Sesvlidan oTxi wlis vadaSi.


Sesvlidan xuTi wlis vadaSi.


Sesvlidan cxra wlis vadaSi.

12

rekomendaciebi:

1. msoflio jandacvis organizaciis daskvnaSi saubaria haeris

dabinZurebis maRal xarisxze saqarTveloSi. aqedan gamomginare,

umokles vadaSi monitoringis sistemis gaumjobesebisTvis moklevadiani

da grZelvadiani samoqmedo gegmebi unda Sedges;

2. gegmebi unda moicavdes dakvirvebis axali sadgurebis ganTavsebis

adgilebis gansazRvras reliefis, zonalobis, haeris nakadebis,

dasaxlebis simWidrovis, satransporto moZraobis, rekriaciuli

adgilebisa da sxva ekologiuri da anTropogenuli faqtorebis

gaTvaliswinebiT. moklevadiani gegma unda moicavdes 1-2 weliwads,

xolo grZelvadiani gegma aT weliwadze unda gaiweros;

3. klimatis cvlilebis fonzeSesaZlebelia haeris xarisxis monacemTa

bazebis srulyofa da axali saproeqto winadadebebis momzadeba;

monacemTa bazebis srulyofis mizniT miRebuli gazomvebis Sedegebi

mxolod weliwdeulze gadaangariSebiT ar unda Semoifarglos.

klimatis cvlilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, haeris Semadgenel nivTierebaTa

saSualo maCveneblebi unda gadaangariSdes sezonuri Tveebis mixedviT

da gaanalizdes temperaturuli maCveneblebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

pirvel etapze momzaddes ruka haeris dabinZurebis xarisxis mixedviT

TbilisisTvis, sadac miniSnebuli iqneba rogorc „cxeli wertilebi“(adgilebi haeris dabinZurebis maRali xarisxiT), aseve adgilebi

dabinZurebis saSualo da dabali maCveneblebiT;

4. arsebuli materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumjobesebisa da monitoringis

sistemis srulyofisTvis saWiroa finansebis mobilizeba rogorc

saxelmwfo biujetidan, aseve saerTaSoriso donorebis daxmarebiT;

5. gaizardos dafinanseba axali avtomaturi sadgurebis dasamontaJeblad,

monitoringis sistemis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gasaumjobeseblad

da adamianuri resursebis mosazidad rogorc erovnuli,

isesaerTaSoriso organizaciebis sxvadsxva programidan;

6. garemos indeqsebis harmonizacia evrokavSiris standartebTan21 (ix.

diagrama 2);

7. haeris xarisxis ganmsazRvreli erovnuli regulaciebis evrokavSiris

direqtivebTan harmonizaciis Sefaseba da Seusabamobebis Sesworeba.

2008 wlis 21 maisis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2008/50/EC direqtiva;


Sesvlidan cxra wlis vadaSi.212008 wlis 21 maisis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2008/50/EC direqtiva; 2004 wlis 15dekembris evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2004/107/EC direqtiva; 1999 wlis 26 aprilis1999/32/EC direqtiva zogierT Txevad sawvavSi gogirdis Semcvelobis SemcirebisSesaxeb;N 1882/2003 (EC regulaciisa da 2005/33/EC direqtivis mixedviT; 1994 wlis 20dekembris 94/63/EC direqtiva benzinis SenaxviTa da misi terminalebidan avtogasamarTsadgurebSi distribuciiT gamowveuli aqroladi organuli naerTis (VOC)gafrqvevebis kontrolis Sesaxeb, N 1882/2003 (EC) regulaciiT Setanili cvlilebisTanaxmad; 2004 wlis 21 aprilis evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2004/42/EC direqtivazogierT saRebavSi, laqebsa da avtosatransporto saSualebebis gadaRebvisproduqciaSi organuli gamxsnelebis gamoyenebiT gamowveuli aqroladi organulinaerTebis (VOC) gafrqvevebis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.

13

TbilisSi, sadac saqarTvelos mosaxleobis daaxloebiT erTi mesamedi

cxovrobs da qveynis sxva did qalaqebSi, sadac atmosferuli haeris mavne

nivTierebebiT dabinZurebis ZiriTadi wyaro avtotransportia, haeris

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT, aucilebelia SemuSavdes problemis

gadaWris kompleqsuri gegma.

gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos Semdegi sakiTxebi:

8. arsebuli saavtomobilo parkis mdgomareobis safuZvliani Seswavla da

misi cvlilebebis perspeqtivebi, raTa ganisazRvros gamonabolqvis

praqtikulad Sesrulebadi normebis daweseba da misi etapobrivi

gamkacrebis vadebi;

9. satransporto gafrqvevebis regulirebis mizniT, Semdegi instruqciebis

SemuSaveba: `atmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiT damabinZurebeli

satransporto da sxva moZrav-meqanikuri saSualebebis saxeobaTa

CamonaTvali da am saSualebebidan mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevis

(gamonabolqvis) zRvrulad dasaSvebi normebis Sesaxeb~, `satransporto

da sxva moZrav-meqanikuri saSualebebidan gafrqvevis (gamonabolqvis)

perioduli Semowmebis wesis Sesaxeb~ da `saqarTvelos teritoriaze

moZravi avtosatransporto saSualebebidan (satranzito

avtosatransporto saSualebebis CaTvliT) gafrqvevis (gamonabolqvis)

kontrolis wesis Sesaxeb~;

10. dedaqalaqis avtotransportiT gadatvirTul ubnebSi atmosferuli

haeris dabinZurebis ekoqimiuri mdgomareobis Seswavla haeris

dabinZurebaSi avtotransportis wilis asaxviT, misi Semcirebis

RonisZiebaTa SemuSavebiTa da maTi Semdgomi ganxorcielebis

uzrunvelyofiT;

11. gatardes mwvane safarisa da tyeebis aRdgeniTi RonisZiebebi, urbanul

dasaxlebebsa da did qalaqebSi gansakuTrebiT gaZlierdes gamwvanebis

RonisZiebebi, STanTqmelebis, farTofoTlovani da wiwvovani xeebis

dargvisa da rekriaciuli zonebis gafarToebis RonisZiebebi.

daskvnebi:

1. haeris xarisxis monitoringis sistema ver akmayofilebs dRevandel

moTxovnebs. saWiroebs qselis gafarToebasa da materialur-teqnikuri

basis gaumjobesebas, risTvisac rekomendebulia moklevadiani da

grZelvadiani samoqmedo gegmebis Seqmna;

2. haeris monitoringis qseli saWiroebs sadgurebis lokalizaciis

adgilebis swor SerCevas, haeris damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa

gazomvaTa speqtris gazrdas, monacemTa saTanadod damuSavebasa da

indeqsebis Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofas evrokomisiis mier

mowodebul standartebTan;

14

3. haeris xarisxis monitoringis sistemis materialur-teqnikuri basis

gaumjobeseba moiTxovs finansebis mobilizebas rogorc sabiujeto,

aseve saerTaSoriso organizaciebis programebidan da mTlianad

monitoringis xarisxis harmonizacias evrokavSiris standartebTan.

4. avtotransportis gamonabolqvis praqtikulad Sesrulebadi normebis

daweseba da misi etapobrivi gamkacreba;

5. saqarTvelos teritoriaze moZravi avtosatransporto saSualebebidan

satranzito avtosatransporto saSualebebis CaTvliT gafrqvevebisa

(gamonabolqvis) da zRvrulad dasaSvebi normebis Sesaxeb kontrolis

wesisTvis instruqciebis SemuSaveba;

6. mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRleba da CarTulobis gazrda haeris

dacvis sakiTxSi.atmosferuli haeris xarisxis gaumjobesebaze zrunva

aucilebelia ara mxolod asocirebis SeTanxmebiT aRebuli

valdebulebebis ,,xaTriT”, aramed TiToeli moqalaqis moraluri

valdebulebaa momavali Taobebis winaSe.

reziume:

haeris xarisxis monitoringis politikur dokumentSi ganxilulia

monitoringis sistemis dRevandeli mdgomareoba, aRwerilia saqrTvelos 6

qalaqis damabinZurebel nivTiereba monitoringisa da 17 qalqis

indikatoruli gazomvebis Sedegebi, gaanalizebulia arsebuli monitoringis

sistemis naklovanebebi da dasaxulia problemaTa gadaWris

gzebi.dabinZurebis wyaroebidan qalaqebsa da gansakuTrebiT dedaqalaqSi

haeris dabinZurebis ZiriTad wyarod avtotransportia miCneuli, risTvisac

rekomendebulia satransporto saSualebebidan gafrqvevebze kontrolis

daweseba. rekomendebulia qselis gafarToebisa da materialur-teqnikuri

bazis gasaumjobeseblad moklevadiani da grZelvadiani samoqmedo gegmebis

Seqmna. aseve rekomendebulia monitoringis qselis sadgurebis lokalizaciis

adgilebis swori SerCeva, haeris damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa gazomvaTa

speqtris gazrda, monacemTa saTanadod damuSaveba da misi Sesabamisobis

uzrunvelyofa evrokomisiis mier mowodebul standartebTan. haeris xarisxis

monitoringis sistemis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gasaumjobeseblad

ganixileba sabiujeto da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis programebidan

finansebis mobilizeba da mTlianad monitoringis xarisxis harmonizacia

evrokavSiris standartebTan. dokumentSi asaxulia garemos dacvis sferoSi

asocirebis xelSekrulebiT aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesabamisi direqtivebi.

haeris xarisxTan dakavSirebiT rekomendebulia saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo

regulaciebis harmonizacia evrokavSiris2008 wlis 21 maisis

evroparlamentisa da sabWos 2008/50/EC direqtivasTan atmosferuli haeris

xarisxisa da evropaSi ufro sufTa haeris Sesaxeb. aseve mowodebulia

direqtivebi garemosparametrebisTvis gamoyenebuli standartebis

Sesabamisobisa evrokavSiris standartebsa da moTxovnebTan.

sazogadod ki, ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze,

gansakuTrebuli roli da mniSvneloba eniWeba garemosa da bunebrivi

15

resursebisadmi frTxil da gonivrul damokidebulebas, raTa qveynisTvis

sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mqone infrastruqturuli proeqtebis

ganxorcielebis procesSi srulad moxdes qveynis mosaxleobis ekonomikuri

da socialuri interesebis gaTvaliswineba, agreTve gatardes iseTi

garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi, romelic garantirebulad SeinarCuneben

bunebriv ekosistemebs.

danarTebi:

atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis monitoringis punqtebis raodenoba 1980-2016

diagrama 1

16

cxrili 1

17

diagrama 2.

18

გამოყენებული ბიბლიოგრაფია:

1. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro. garemos erovnuli saagento.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze atmosferuli haeris weliwdeuli 2016;

2. atmosferuli haeris dacva saqarTveloSi: instituciuri mowyoba da

regulirebis instrumentebi. sajaro politikis narkvevi. mwvane

alternativa 2012;

3. Air Quality Standards (EuropeanCommission).http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/standards.htm

4. asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba, erTi mxriv, evrokavSirsa da evropis

atomuri energiis gaerTianebasa da maT wevr saxelmwifoebsa da, meore

mxriv, saqarTvelos

Soris.(http://www.mfa.gov.ge/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90/Association-Agreement.aspx)

5. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015[without reference to a Main Committee (A/70/L.1)]http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/

6. erTi mxriv, saqarTvelosa da meore mxriv, evrokavSirsa da evropis

atomuri energiis gaerTianebasa da maT wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris

asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebisa da saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs

Soris asocirebis dRis wesrigis ganxorcielebis 2016 wlis erovnuli

samoqmedo gegma.asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba erTi mxriv, evrokavSirsa

da evropis atomuri energiis gaerTianebasa da maT wevr

saxelmwifoebsa da meore mxriv, saqarTvelos Soris.

http://www.eu-nato.gov.ge/sites/default/files/AA%20%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%202016.pdf

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