Fire Sprinkler System - Bombay Chamber of Commerce and ...bombaychamber.com/admin/uploaded/Reference...

Restricted © Siemens AG 20XXJanuary 2018 I BT SSP-OP

Fire Sprinkler SystemFebruary 2018, Kalidasan S

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Today most of the equipments used in offices, Industries and at home are highlysophisticated and high-end equipments. Every workplace has mission critical areas that needto be protected from fire hazard not only to save life and property but also to ensure that theenterprise does not come to a stand still.

The most common fuels in fire and explosion incidents are petroleum products, cellulosematerials (wood, paper, cloth) and polymers.

Overview of Fire Protection


Type of Fire Protection Systems

Fire

Protection System

Water

Based System

Gas

Based Systems


Water based Systems

Water Based

Systems

Yard Hydrant

System

Wet Riser System

SprinklerSystem

Spray System

Foam System


Standards/Codes for Fire Fighting System


SPRINKLER SYSTEM

• It is the first self detecting and second acting fire protectionsystem.

• It is basically a fire water network provided inside the occupancyduly provided with fire sensitive fusible elements.

• It can work in absence of man power and at any time. It providesdetection & protection in otherwise unapproachable area also.


SPRINKLER PUMP AS REQUIRED

HEAVY GRADE GI/MS PIPES

ALARM VALVE & GONG BELL

Components of Sprinkler System


FLOW SWITCH

ISOLATION VALVES

SPRINKLER AIR RELEASE VALVE



SPRINKLERSFLEXIBLE HOSESFITTINGSSUPPORTING CLAMPS



TYPE OF SPRINKLERSUpright and pendent sprinklers

Flush and Recessed sprinklers

Concealed sprinklers

Intermediate sprinklers

Extra and very extra large orifice sprinklers

High temperature sprinklers

Large drop sprinklers

Fast response sprinklers


How a sprinkler system worksA sprinkler system consists of a network of pipes connected to a watersupply, carrying sprinkler heads which are activated in the event offire. Each sprinkler acts as an individual heat sensing device, andduring a fire only those affected by the heat activates.

The sprinkler bulb contains a liquid which has a high co-efficient ofexpansion. A small quantity of vapour is trapped when the bulb ishermetically sealed. When the liquid expands under the influence ofheat from a fire, pressure in the bulb rises until all the vapour isabsorbed. Further rises of temperature cause a rapid pressure risesufficient to shatter the bulb into small pieces, releasing the seal andallowing water to be distributed evenly over the fire area.


In a fire, few deaths result from direct contact with flames; thegreatest threat comes from inhalation of the products ofcombustion such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide,hydrogen chloride and other toxic gases, and the heat of thegases.

The response time of a fast response sprinkler ensures thatthe life-threatening levels of toxic gases and temperature arenever reached.

Sprinklers provide valuable time for those in charge to assisttheir escape.

Fast response sprinklers for life safety


Components of Sprinkler


Two functions to perform i.e firstdetect a fire and then provide anadequate distribution of water to controlthe fire spread

Hence an early detection andadequate discharge of water at requiredpressure over the affected area are themain criteria for design of sprinklers.

SPRINKLER DESIGN


Conventional sprinklers

These can be mounted in either the upright or pendentposition and the deflector is designed to spray a proportion ofthe water discharge onto the surface of the ceilings.

Upright and pendent spray sprinklers

Spray sprinklers are used for applications where all the waterneeds to be discharged downwards.

Matching the sprinkler to the hazard


Sidewall sprinklers

These are primarily used to keep ceilings clear of pipe work for aestheticreasons or to avoid having to disturb existing ceilings when installing pipework. Each sprinkler protects up to 17 m2 in light hazards and 9m2 inordinary hazards. Application Hotel guest rooms.

Horizontal sidewall sprinklers with extended coverage

These are specifically designed to give an extended coverage of waterdistribution. This type of sprinkler must have a fast response bulb. Onesprinkler can protect an area of up to 21m2

Matching the sprinkler to the hazard


•Nominal release•Temperature in o C

•57•68•79•93•141•182•227•260

Liquid color code

OrangeRed

YellowGreenBlue

MauveBlackBlack

Nominal Release Temperature & Color Coding Glass bulbs

Selected temperature rating shall be at least 30 o above highest ambient temperature at the site of installation.


• Actual operating temperature of the sprinkler.

• Ease of transfer of heat from the surrounding air to the affected parts of the sprinkler.

• Height of the ceiling below which the sprinkler is mounted.

• Shape of ceiling – Inverted V type, paneled, flat, curved, north light.

• Thermal characteristics of the ceiling assembly.

• Distance between the sprinkler and the ceiling.

• Horizontal distance of sprinkler from the fire.

Factors controlling the performance of Sprinklers


Important considerations

Coverage area per sprinkler

Location and spacing of sprinklers

Selection of type and temperature rating

Hydraulics of the system

Pumping and water requirements

Compliance to the code

SPRINKLER SYSTEM


SPRINKLER COVERAGE

Light Hazard : 21 M2

Ordinary Hazard : 12 M2

High Hazard : 9 M2


SPRINKLER SPACING

Area coverage per sprinkler is

12M2 for all sprinklers

Sprinkler

SprayPattern

Area covered = 12M2

(ORDINARY HAZARD)

Restricted © Siemens AG 20XXJanuary 2018Page 24 I BT SSP-OP

All the sprinkler patterns are overlapped toensure that there are no dry spots.

Hence spacing of sprinklers isvery important

Hence for a floor area of 1200 M2, requirement of roof sprinklers is > 100, (as a thumb rule 8 to 10% more)


FALSE CEILING SPRINKLER SECTION


Hazard Density inLPM/M2

Assumed Maximum Area of Operation in M2 (AMAO)

Light 2.5 84

Ordinary 5 360

High (Process)

10 260

High (Storage)

12.5 to 22.5 260 to 300

DESIGN DENSITY AS PER IS CODE


DESIGN DENSITY (Illustration)

5 LPM/M2 over an AMAO of 360M2

One Sprinkler covers a floor area of 12M2

Each M2 of the floor area below should receivewater from the sprinkler at a rate of at least of 5LPM

Means sprinkler discharge should be at least 60 LPM


LIGHT HAZARD :- NOT LESS THAN 20 MINUTES RUN FOR THE INSTALLEDPUMPING CAPACITY OR 35M3 WHICHEVER IS GREATER

ORDINARY HAZARD :- NOT LESS THAN 1 HOUR RUN FOR THE AGGREGATEPUMPING CAPACITY OR 200M3 WHICHEVER IS GREATER

HIGH HAZARD :- NOT LESS THAN 2 HOUR RUN FOR THE AGGREGATE PUMPINGCAPACITY

WATER REQUIREMENT AS PER IS CODE


ROOF SPRINKLER SYSTEM


WET RISER AND SPRINKLER SYSTEM

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