CHEMICALS FOR CONSUMERS AND THE

IMPORTANCE

FIRDA AMYRUS WAHIZAN

5 AMANAH

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction (slide 3)

Soaps & Detergents (slide 4)

Food Additives (slide 5)

Medicine (slide 8)

Conclusion (slide 12)

Reference (slide 13)

INTRODUCTION

Natural chemicals are substances produced by a living organism, that is, found in nature.Examples of natural chemicals; Oxygen, Hydrogen, Mercury, Bromine, Francium etc, Examples of artificial chemicals;Aspertame (artificial sweetener), Atrazine (herbicide commonly used),Tributyltin (used as fungicide to prevent growth of marine organisms on boats and ships).

SOAP & DETERGENTS

Soap is sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids

The general formula of a soap is:

RCOO-Na+/RCOO-K+, where R is an alkyl group with 12 to 18 carbon atoms. R can be saturated or unsaturated.

Detergent is a synthetic cleansing agents which is made from hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum fraction. Thus, detergents are petrochemicals.

FOOD ADDITIVES

Food additives are chemicals that are added to food in small quantities for specific purposes such as protection against bacterial attack or restoring the colour of food destroyed during food processing.

There are two main group of food additives;

i) Preservatives and Antioxidants

ii) Flavouring agents, stabilizers, thickening agents and dyes.

EFFECTS O F FO OD ADDIT IVES O N HEALTH

Effects ExplanationAllergy Caused by Sodium sulphite, BHA, BHT,

MSG and food dyes. Causes a disease named ‘Chinese

restaurant syndrome’ (giddiness, chest pain, and difficulty in breathing)

Cancer Caused by carcinogens (sodium nitrite) Nitrite reacts with amines to produce

nitrosamineBrain damage Caused by excessive intake of nitrites

Hyperactivity Caused by tartrazine (additives) Difficulty in sleeping or relaxing

WAYS TO R EDU CE U SE O F ADDIT IVES IN FOO D

Avoid buying genetically modified foods

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MEDICINE

TRADITIONAL MEDICINETraditional medicines are medicines derived from natural sources such as plants and animals without being processed chemically.

Examples of traditional medicine;

Plant Part of Plant Used

Uses

Garlic Corm • For preventing flu attack• For reducing high blood

pressureAloe Vera Leaves • For preventing itchy skin

• For treating burns on the skin

Quinine Bark of Chinchona Tree

• For treating malaria• For preventing muscle

cramps

MODERN MEDICINE

Modern medicines usually contain a mixture of active ingredients prepared in different forms such as capsules, pills, solutions or suspensions.

Type Example Function Side Effects

Analgesics Aspirin Used for pain relief

Can Cause brain and liver

damageAntibiotics Penicillin Used to cure

tuberculosisHeadache,

allergic reaction, diarrhoea

Psychothera Peutic Drugs

Antidepressants

To reduce tension and

anxiety

Drowsiness, addiction

USE OF MODERN MEDICINE

Used for pain relief

Used to cure tuberculosis

To reduce tension and anxiety

CONCLUSION

Some of the importance of chemicals in our daily life are;

For health care and beauty, industries and transport, food security and agriculture, science and technology and cooking.

We must always use chemicals required for a particular process and to not substitute.

We must always review and understand hazards before using a chemical substance.

REFERENCE

Form 5 Chemistry Textbook

Whizz Chemistry SPM Reference

Wikipedia

Google