EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Web view1. 10%. GF. Bryophytes/Lichens. na. 10%. BL....

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils).

Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name20% Eucalyptus melliodoraEucalyptus goniocalyx s.l.

Yellow BoxBundy

Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree

#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% T

Medium Shrub 4 20% MSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCGround Fern 1 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT

Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameCherry Ballart

T Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treePS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Austrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:40 % cover

Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

high MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erectaPanic Veldt-grass high high

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:

• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.

Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 7: Clay Heathland

Description:Occurs on sites with impeded drainage, often on duplex soils. Dominated by heathy shrub species with occasional emergent eucalypts. The ground layer is dense and diverse with a variety of landforms.

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 6 10% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSMedium Herb 8 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 4 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameCommon Heath

MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Hakea sericea s.l. Bushy NeedlewoodMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-

flowerSS Gompholobium huegelii Common Wedge-peaSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White Marianth

PS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Lagenophora gracilis Slender Bottle-

daisyMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's

WortSH Mitrasacme serpyllifolia Thyme MitrewortLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-

sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-

sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Caustis flexuosa Curly Wig

Recruitment:

Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.

Organic Litter:20%

Cover

Weediness:LF Code

MHTypical Weed SpeciesHypochoeris radicata

Common NameCat's Ear

Invasivehigh

Impactlow

EVC 7: Clay HeathlandHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 8: Wet Heathland

Description:A low, generally treeless heathland although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lower slopes, flats or depressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by a range of sedges, grasses and shrubs.


codeMedium Shrub 7 30% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 2 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Tea-tree

MS Hakea nodosa Yellow HakeaMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeSS Bauera rubioides Wiry BaueraPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaLH Xyris operculata Tall Yellow-eyeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Austrostipa muelleri Wiry Spear-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-

sedgeMTG Tetraria capillaris Hair SedgeMTG Patersonia fragilis Short Purple-flagMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-

rushMNG Baumea tetragona Square Twig-sedgeMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-

grassGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched Coral-fernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-

laurelR

ecruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.

Organic Litter:20% cover

Weediness:LF Code



Invasivehigh

Impactlow

EVC 8: Wet HeathlandHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 15: Limestone Box Forest

Description:Occurs on generally well developed terra rossa soils derived from Tertiary limestones that outcrop around coastal streams, gullies and lakes. Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall with a tall shrub layer understorey and a grass and herb-rich ground layer on sheltered aspects but may be almost completely bare on drier aspects.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus botryoidesEucalyptus baueriana

Southern MahoganyBlue Box

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 5 15% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 3 15% GFScrambler or Climber 6 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


EVC 15: Limestone Box Forest Highlands - Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Rapanea howittiana Mutton-woodT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Oplismenus hirtellus Australian Basket-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairSC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides Forest Clematis

Recruitment:Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:


Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest

Description:Eucalypt forest to 25 m tall on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils in areas of relatively high rainfall. Characterised by the diversity of life forms and species in the understorey including a range of shrubs, grasses and herbs.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus obliqua

Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus sieberiEucalyptus dives

Messmate StringybarkNarrow-leaf Peppermint Silvertop AshBroad-leaved


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code



MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Pultenaea gunnii Golden Bush-peaMS Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Narrow-leaf WattleSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Lomatia ilicifolia Holly LomatiaPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush

LNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeL

NGTetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grass

MTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

EVC 16: Lowland ForestHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

Description:A tall forest along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts to 30 m tall, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus viminalisMessmate StringybarkManna Gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 8 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 5 20% GFTree Fern 1 10% TRFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 18: Riparian ForestHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedgeMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high

high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low

MH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 19: Riparian Shrubland

Description:Diverse, medium to tall shrubland to 8 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rocky creeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after such disturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Trees may be irregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common to riparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral species which survive on the bare sands or in rock crevice.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name40% Acacia melanoxylonAcacia silvestris

BlackwoodRed Wattle

Understorey: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 4 20% MS

Small Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 6 15% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20 % BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

85%

LF Code


Common NameShiny Cassinia

MS Goodia lotifolia Golden TipMS Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Carex polyantha River SedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lily

MNG

Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Doodia australis Common Rasp-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high

high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high

high LH Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Verbena bonariensis s.l. Purple-top Verbena high

high LH Hypericum perforatum St John's Worthigh high

LH Carduus tenuiflorus Winged Thistle high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

high LH Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistlehigh high

LH Verbascum virgatum Twiggy Mullein high highMH Stellaria media Chickweed high lowMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Petrorhagia nanteuilii Childling Pink high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Arenaria leptoclados Lesser Thyme-leaved Sandwort

high low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high

lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Linaria pelisseriana Pelisser's Toad-flax high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high

high MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Purple Cudweed high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high low MH Euphorbia lathyrus Caper Spurge high

highMH Silene gallica French Catchfly high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high

low MH Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved Allseed high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high

high SH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medichigh low

LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high

low MTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowSC Galium aparine Cleavers high low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest

Description:Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills to exposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor in form to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leaved shrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids and grasses are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus dives

Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Broad-leaved PeppermintMountain Grey-gum Narrow-leaf


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 4 15% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Broom-heath

MS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Persoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower GeebungSS Dillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-peaSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf Violet

LNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurelSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea


EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.







Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus cypellocarpa

Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Mountain Grey-gumMessmate Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 8 30% MSSmall Shrub 3 15% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT


Common NameHazel Pomaderris

MS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Narrow-leaf WattleSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge

LNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lily

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high







Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to medium height open forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling a woodland. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest is characterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought- tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite of fern species.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhynchaEucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus polyanthemos

Red StringybarkBundy Red Box


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 7 10% MSSmall Shrub 4 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Acacia genistifolia Spreading WattleMS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-peaMS Correa reflexa Common CorreaSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Comesperma volubile Love Creeper



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


high MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centauryhigh low

MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest to 25 m tall with a large shrub or understorey tree layer over a sparse to dense medium shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer which characterises this EVC.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus cypellocarpa

Narrow-leaf PeppermintMessmate Stringybark


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBlackwood

MS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge

LNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plant

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub

Description:Occurs on northerly and westerly slopes of mountains and valleys. Trees are not a prominent feature, often present only as emergents or forming a very open woodland. The small tree or large shrub layer to 10 m tall is a dominant feature, often forming even-aged stands of uniform height. The ground layer is generally sparse and species-poor due to low site quality and the density of the overstorey. Vines can be conspicuous in the understorey.


Name40% Acacia silvestrisPomaderris aspera Exocarpos cupressiformis

Red WattleHazel Pomaderris Cherry Ballart


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeITMedium Shrub 5 20% MS

Medium Herb 2 1% MHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

45%

LF Code


Common NameRock Wax-flower

MS Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved CassiniaMS Kunzea ericoides Burgan

MS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-

grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

EVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland

Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow or virtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 4 m tall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poor except where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.

Understorey: Life form


Small Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 2 1% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

70%

LF Code


Common NameWhite Kunzea

MS Callistemon pallidus Lemon BottlebrushMS Spyridium parvifolium Dusty MillerSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme SpurgeSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Pomax umbellata PomaxMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Leucochrysum albicans Hoary SunrayMH Isotoma axillaris Rock IsotomeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-

sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-

grassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-

laurelSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.


EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 29: Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level to montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad- leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns including occasional tree ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus obliquaEucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata

Mountain Grey-gumMessmate Stringybark Eurabbie


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 4 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 15% GFTree Fern 2 10% TRFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedge

LNG


MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

EVC 29: Damp ForestHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.







Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest

Description:Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sites in gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent. Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 5 20% MSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGGround Fern 4 20% GFTree Fern 2 20% TRFEpiphyte 1 1% EPScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Correa lawrenceana Mountain CorreaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryLH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedge

LNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera longiflora var. longiflora Purple Apple-berry

EVC 30: Wet ForestHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1

ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this

EVC.




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 25 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs in high rainfall areas protected from fire within Wet Forest. The understorey characterised by tree ferns and a rich epiphytic flora. The ground layer is dominated by a diversity of ground ferns.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haNothofagus/AtherospermaEucalyptus spp.

70 cm90 cm

20 / ha


Name50% Nothofagus cunninghamiiAtherosperma moschatum Eucalyptus regnansAcacia melanoxylon

Myrtle BeechSouthern Sassafras Mountain AshBlackwood

Understorey: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGGround Fern 6 35% GFTree Fern 2 25% TRFEpiphyte 4 5% EPScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBanyalla

MS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy Pennywort

LNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassM

NGUncinia tenella Delicate Hook-sedge

GF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum Mother SpleenwortTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernEP Hymenophyllum australe Austral Filmy FernEP Hymenophyllum flabellatum Shiny Filmy FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Parsonsia brownii Twining Silkpod


EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:20 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 25 m tall restricted to topographically protected sites in warm temperate climatic zones where it generally occupies gullies and slopes with southerly or easterly aspects. Dominated by a range of non-eucalypt canopy species above an understorey of smaller trees and shrubs and usually visually dominated by ferns and climbers.

Large trees:SpeciesVarious spp.

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Acmena smithiiAcacia melanoxylon Elaeocarpus reticulatus Rapanea howittiana

Lilly PillyBlackwood Blue Oliveberry Muttonwood

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 30% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 4 25% GFEpiphyte 1 5% EPScrambler or Climber 7 20% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest Highlands - Southern Fall bioregionLF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name

T Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT r Acronychia oblongifolia Yellow-woodMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved CassiniaLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Austrocynoglossum latifolium Forest Hound's-tongueSH Pyrrosia rupestris Rock Felt-fernSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruit Saw-sedgeMNG Oplismenus hirtellus Australian Basket-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernGF Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield-fernGF Pteris tremula Tender BrakeEP Microsorum scandens Fragrant FernSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides Forest ClematisSC Geitonoplesium cymosum Scrambling LilySC Smilax australis Austral Sarsaparilla



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high low SC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high

high






Highlands - Southern Fall bioregionEVC 33: Cool Temperate Rainforest/Warm Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 20m tall restricted to deeply incised river valleys of moderate gradient and associated steep gullies in rugged mountain country on a variety of southerly aspects at an elevation of 650 to 750 m. Dominated by a range of non-eucalypt canopy species above an understorey of smaller trees and shrubs and usually visually dominated by ferns and climbers.

Large trees:SpeciesAcmena/Elaeocarpus/Atherosperma/Pomaderris

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Acmena smithiiAtherosperma moschatum Elaeocarpus holopetalus

Lilly PillySouthern Sassafras Black Oliveberry Hazel Pomaderris


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 5 25% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGGround Fern 8 25% GFTree Fern 3 20% TRFEpiphyte 4 5% EPScrambler or Climber 7 20% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 33: Cool Temperate Rainforest/Warm Temperate Rainforest Overlap Highlands - Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT v Eucryphia moorei LeatherwoodT Rapanea howittiana MuttonwoodT Pittosporum bicolor BanyallaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Telopea oreodes Gippsland WaratahMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum patersonii ssp. patersonii Strap Water-fernGF Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield-fernGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF Rr Cyathea cunninghamii Slender Tree-fernTRF r Cyathea X marcescens Skirted Tree-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Grammitis billardieri Common Finger-fernEP Hymenophyllum australe Austral Filmy FernEP Microsorum scandens Fragrant FernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Marsdenia rostrata Milk VineSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 34: Dry Rainforest

Description:Open to closed non-eucalypt low forest or tall shrubland to 15 m tall. Occurs in areas of relatively low rainfall (750-900mm per annum) and primarily confined to topographic fire refuges most often associated with extensive cliffs, gorges and rock screes on northern and western aspects.

Large trees:SpeciesVarious spp.

DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name50% Rapanea howittianaPittosporum undulatum

Mutton-woodSweet Pittosporum



Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 9 20% MSLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 12 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 5 10% GFEpiphyte 2 1% EPScrambler or Climber 6 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Weediness: LF Code

Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMSLH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MTG MTG

Rubus fruticosus spp. agg.Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972)Cirsium vulgare Conyza spp. Hypochoeris radicataGamochaeta purpurea s.l. Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Polycarpon tetraphyllum Hypochoeris glabra Galium muraleAnagallis

BlackberryBlack Nightshade Spear Thistle FleabaneCat's EarPurple CudweedCommon Mouse-ear Chickweed Four-leaved AllseedSmooth Cat's-ear Small Goosegrass PimpernelSquirrel-tail

highhigh high high high high high h

highlow high low low low low low low low low low high


EVC 34: Dry RainforestHighlands - Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia implexa LightwoodT Acacia falciformis Pale Hickory WattleMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved CassiniaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Sigesbeckia orientalis ssp. orientalis Indian WeedLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Pyrrosia rupestris Rock Felt-fernSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Lepidosperma urophorum Tailed Rapier-sedgeLTG Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruit Saw-sedgeMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-grassMTG r Libertia paniculata Branching Grass-flagMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa hothamensis Ledge GrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassMNG Oplismenus hirtellus Australian Basket-grassMNG Entolasia marginata Bordered PanicGF Pteris tremula Tender BrakeGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernGF Doodia australis Common Rasp-fernGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Common Filmy FernEP Sarcochilus australis Butterfly OrchidSC Cassytha phaeolasia Rusty Dodder-laurelSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Celastrus australis Staff ClimberSC Morinda jasminoides Jasmine Morinda



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with an understorey dominated by a tall, diverse shrub layer of broad-leaved shrubs and heaths with sometimes a scattering of tree-ferns. The ground layer is dominated by a variety of herbs and graminoids. Occurs on topographically protected south-facing slopes and occasionally in gully heads on northern or western slopes in low relief montane areas.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash



Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameSilver Wattle

T Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern


EVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest Highlands - Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland

Description:Occurs on dry and exposed mid to upper slopes at montane elevations, often extending onto ridges in high rainfall areas. Effective rainfall may be enhanced by cold air drainage, low cloud cover and in some cases, persistent snow cover. Open forest to open woodland to 15 m tall, according to altitude, precipitation and frequency of fire. The shrubby understorey is an unusual combination of species, which tolerate exposed montane conditions and species which enjoy the increased moisture available from cloud and fog drip.


DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover20%

Character SpeciesEucalyptus pauciflora

Common NameSnow Gum

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved PeppermintEucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate StringybarkEucalyptus cypellocarpa Mountain Grey-gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMallee Tree 1 1% MTMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C


EVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland Highlands - Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaSS Tetratheca labillardierei Glandular Pink-bellsLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia frigida Forest Bent-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland

Description:Occurs in montane elevations on moderately fertile soils on all aspects. An open eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, sometimes with a secondary tree layer. The understorey often consists of a sparse shrub layer which can be variable in height. The EVC is characterised by its grassy ground cover together with a variety of other graminoids and herbs.


DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus pauciflora

Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus

Snow GumBroad-leaved Peppermint Candlebark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 15 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

EVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flowerMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidSH Galium ciliare Hairy BedstrawSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 38: Montane Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects at montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Mountain Grey-gumMessmateNarrow-leaf Peppermint


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 25% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 38: Montane Damp Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved PeppermintT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Persoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower GeebungSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Olearia myrsinoides Silky Daisy-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushMNG Deyeuxia rodwayi Tasman Bent-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.







Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 39: Montane Wet Forest

Description:Grows on the most sheltered wet sites such as gully heads and south facing slopes at montane elevations in high rainfall areas. Soils are deep, fertile, well-drained and structureless and although well-drained, may remain saturated for long periods. The overstorey forms a tall open eucalypt forest to 30 m tall over a secondary tree layer with occasional tall shrubs which provide shade and protection for a fern-rich ground layer. Scattered herbs occur in gaps in the ground layer.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus regnansEucalyptus nitens

Mountain AshShining Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 5 20% TMedium Shrub 5 25% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGGround Fern 3 25% GFTree Fern 2 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Dryopoa dives Giant Mountain-grass

LNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 39: Montane Wet Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:30 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland

Description:Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montane elevations. Open woodland to 15 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but on the larger streams may be largely un-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges often associated with creeks or river margins.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus viminalis

Eucalyptus radiata s.l.Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana

Manna GumNarrow-leaf Peppermint Mountain Swamp Gum

Understorey: Life

#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSLarge Herb 6 10% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 25% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGGround Fern 4 15% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Olearia alpicola Alpine Daisy-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Prostanthera rotundifolia Round-leaf Mint-bushSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Grey Willow-herbLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellLH Persicaria praetermissa Spotted KnotweedMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortSH Callitriche spp. Water StarwortSH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's WortSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLTG Deyeuxia brachyathera Short Bent-grassLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Isolepis subtilissima Mountain Club-sedgeMTG Rytidosperma nudiflorum Alpine Wallaby-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Calystegia marginata Forest Bindweed

Recruitment:Continuouswww.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket

Description:Occurs in montane and sub-alpine areas, often within Montane Damp Forest along drainage lines, streams with gentle gradients and in soaks at the heads of gullies on south-facing aspects. The waterlogged soils are colluviums or alluviums rich in organic matter and it is a closed shrubland to 8 m tall in structure, often forming a narrow, linear strip. The understorey consists of a variety of shade-tolerant species. Along the stream flats ferns are the common life form while sedges, grasses and herbs form a sparse but diverse ground layer.


Name40% Leptospermum grandifoliumNothofagus cunninghamii

Mountain Tea-treeMyrtle Beech


#Spp1

%Cover5%

LF codeMSSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SH

Large Tufted Graminoid 2 40% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 1% MTGGround Fern 3 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 20 % BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

90%

LF Code


Common NameMountain Pepper

SH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidSH Chiloglottis cornuta Green Bird-orchid

LTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Juncus usitatus Billabong Rush

MTG Isolepis subtilissima Mountain Club-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lily

MTG r Carex alsophila Forest SedgeGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-

fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-

fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Hymenophyllum peltatum Alpine Filmy Fern

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)


EVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies and aspects, in the higher altitudinal levels above 1200 m. Rainfall is relatively high and snow may persist for long periods over winter. Soils are generally skeletal sandy clay loams with a rich humus topsoil layer. A low, open woodland to 10 m tall dominated by Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora, with the understorey variously consisting of a rich suite of grasses and herbs, or a dense layer of woody shrubs, depending on soil fertility.

Large trees: Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 40 cm 15 / ha 15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum



Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT


Common NameMountain Hickory Wattle

MS Podolobium alpestre Alpine PodolobiumMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Tasmannia xerophila Alpine PepperSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Oreomyrrhis eriopoda Australian CarawayMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern

EVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland Highlands - Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment February 2005© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderately fertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus sieberi Eucalyptus baxteri s.l.Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Messmate StringybarkSilvertop Ash Brown Stringybark


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 8 35% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

90%

LF CodeT



MS Spyridium parvifolium Dusty MillerMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Correa reflexa Common CorreaSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Lomatia ilicifolia Holly LomatiaSS R r Tetratheca stenocarpa Long Pink-bellsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry


EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:



Logs:20 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest

Description:Occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. Open forest to 20 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species, which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Character SpeciesEucalyptus melliodora

Common NameYellow Box

Eucalyptus rubida CandlebarkEucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf

PeppermintEucalyptus macrorhyncha Red StringybarkEucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Long-leaf Box

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Acacia genistifolia Spreading WattleMS Pultenaea gunnii Golden Bush-peaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaSS Dillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Acaena echinata Sheep’s BurrMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis ssp. coriacea Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Comesperma volubile Love Creeper



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

highMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

high MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 48: Heathy Woodland

Description:Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian or outwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tall lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except where frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground cover is normally fairly sparse.


DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Eucalyptus radiata s.l.Messmate StringybarkNarrow-leaf

Understorey: Life


Medium Shrub 5 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 20% SSMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%

LF CodeMS



MS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel


EVC 48: Heathy Woodland – Highlands Southern Fall bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years.


Logs:15 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 53: Swamp Scrub

Description:Closed scrub to 8 m tall at low elevations on alluvial deposits along streams or on poorly drained sites with higher nutrient availability. The vegetation characteristically lacks a eucalypt overstorey and is dominated by Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia (or sometimes Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum) which often forms a dense thicket, out-competing other species. Where light penetrates to ground level, a moss/lichen/liverwort or herbaceous ground cover is often present. Dry variants have a grassy/herbaceous ground layer.

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name50% Leptospermum lanigerum

Melaleuca ericifoliaWoolly Tea-treeSwamp Paperbark

Life forms: Life


Small Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeMS


Common NamePrickly Currant-bush

MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeLH Lycopus australis Australian GipsywortLH Lythrum salicaria Purple LoosestrifeLH Persicaria praetermissa Spotted KnotweedMH Hydrocotyle pterocarpa Wing PennywortMH Stellaria angustifolia Swamp StarwortMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG

Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG

Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

EVC 53: Swamp ScrubHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment February 2005© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 55: Plains Grassy Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall occurring on a number of geologies and soil types. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 10 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 35% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBlack Sheoak

MS Kunzea ericoides BurganSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-

flowerPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-

sorrelSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-

sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1

ha.

EVC 55: Plains Grassy Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionWeediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMNG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland

Description:An open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a medium to tall shrub layer with a ground layer consisting of amphibious and aquatic herbs and sedges. Occurs along the banks and floodplains of the larger meandering rivers and major creeks, often in conjunction with one or more floodplain wetland communities. Elevation and rainfall are relatively low and soils are fertile alluviums subject to periodic flooding and inundation.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptus viminalis

Swamp GumManna Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 15% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 20% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 3 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT



T Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaMH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Juncus sarophorus Broom RushLTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-

grassLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedgeMTG Juncus amabilis Hollow RushMTG Carex inversa Knob SedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years.

EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionOrganic Litter:

40 % cover

Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Fraxinus angustifolia ssp. angustifolia Desert Ash high high T Salix fragilis Crack Willow high highT Salix cinerea Grey Sallow high highT Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn high high MS Solanum pseudocapsicum Madeira Winter-cherry high highMS Prunus cerasifera Cherry Plum high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high high LH Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low LH Verbena bonariensis s.l. Purple-top Verbena high highLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Rumex pulcher ssp. pulcher Fiddle Dock high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high high LH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high high LH Echium plantagineum Paterson's Curse high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup high highMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high low MH Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Purple Cudweed high lowMH Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Atriplex prostrata Hastate Orache high lowMH Stellaria media Chickweed high low SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowSH Callitriche stagnalis Common Starwort high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high LNG Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu high highMTG Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris high highMTG Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum high highMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high highMTG Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge high high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent high www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 59: Riparian Thicket

Description:Dense thickets of Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum and/or Scented Paperbark Melaleuca squarrosa to 6 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts that occur on broad beds of small streams or on regular flooded terraces of large streams and rivers. Ground layer is dominated by a number of ferns, tree-ferns and sedges.


Name50% Leptospermum lanigerumMelaleuca squarrosa

Woolly Tea-treeScented Paperbark

Understorey: Life form Medium

#Spp8

%Cover30%

LF codeMSSmall Shrub 3 5% SS

Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code



MS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Rosemary EverlastingMS Kunzea ericoides BurganSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Acacia brownii Heath WattlePS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Epilobium pallidiflorum Showy Willow-herbMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall Sedge

LNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassL

NGGahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedge

MTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedge

MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassM

NGMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

MNG

Baumea tetragona Square Twig-sedgeGF Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched Coral-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry


EVC 59: Riparian ThicketHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Salix cinerea Grey Sallow high highT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine high highMS Prunus cerasifera Cherry Plum high highMS Cotoneaster pannosus Velvet Cotoneaster high highMS Erica lusitanica Spanish Heath high

high SS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberryhigh high

LH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high low MH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high

highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowSH Callitriche stagnalis Common Starwort high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest

Description:Occurs on gently undulating rises, low hills and peneplains on infertile, often stony soils derived from a range of geologies. The open overstorey to 20 m tall consists of a variety of eucalypts, often including one of the Ironbark species. The mid storey often forms a dense to open small tree or shrub layer over an open ground layer ranging from a sparse to well-developed suite of herbs and grasses.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus polyanthemosEucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l.

Red BoxRed Stringybark BundyRed Ironbark


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

80%

LF Code


Common NameSpreading Wattle

MS Pultenaea gunnii Golden Bush-peaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Dillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-peaSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Glossodia major Wax-lip OrchidMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking Pennywort

LNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis ssp. filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lomandra nana Dwarf Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilySC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily


EVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


low MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub

Description:Shrubland to 10 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs on shallow colluvial soils along rocky cliffs and slopes associated with rivers and creeks and may extend onto alluvial terraces. Characterised by a dense medium to tall shrub layer over a ground layer which can range from low to high diversity and consist of a variety of graminoids and herbs. Ferns can often be a major component of the ground stratum.


Name30% Acacia dealbataPomaderris aspera

Silver WattleHazel Pomaderris

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Shrub 5% ITMedium Shrub 10 25% MSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 13 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 6 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 5 15% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Ajuga australis Austral BugleLH Xerochrysum bracteatum Golden EverlastingLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Euchiton collinus s.l. Clustered/Creeping CudweedMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Austrostipa rudis ssp. nervosa Veined Spear-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedgeMTG Schoenus maschalinus Leafy Bog-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides Forest Clematis



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus polyanthemus Blackberry high

high MS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberryhigh high

LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centauryhigh low

MH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Purple Cudweed high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland

Description:Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses and sedges in the ground layer.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Mountain Swamp-

gumUnderstorey:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 25% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT



T Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Lycopus australis Australian GipsywortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock GrassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge

LNG

Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushL

NGPhragmites australis Common Reed

MTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry


EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high MTG Briza maxima

Large Quaking-grass high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest

Description:A low, open forest to 15 m tall with a sedgy/grassy understorey with a component of small ericoid shrubs and grass-trees. Soil and moisture factors are critical in delimiting the vegetation.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhyncha

Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus

Red StringybarkBroad-leaved Peppermint Messmate Stringybark


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 10% TMedium Shrub 7 15% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 20% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


EVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-peaMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Leptorhynchos tenuifolius Wiry ButtonsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine low

high MS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberryhigh high

LH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high





%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l.

Narrow-leaf PeppermintMessmate Stringybark Bundy


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 128: Grassy Forest

Description:Low growing forest to 20 m tall with an understorey of small and medium shrubs and a rich diversity of herbs. Large shrubs and understorey trees may also be conspicuous. Often grows in areas transitional between drier box stringybark forests and taller, herb-rich forests typical of more favourable environments.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 30% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBlack Wattle

MS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush

LNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair

SC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine


EVC 128: Grassy ForestHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 132: Plains Grassland

Description:Treeless vegetation dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Shrubs and trees may be also occasionally present.

Life Forms: Life form

#Spp1

%Cover1%

LF codeSSLarge Herb 3 5% LH

Medium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 13 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameCommon Rice-flower

LH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilLH Senecio quadridentatus Cottony FireweedMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Geranium retrorsum s.l. Grassland Crane’s-

billSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-

grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge

MNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

Recruitment:

Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.

Organic Litter:

10% cover

EVC 132: Plains Grassland Highlands - Southern Fall bioregionWeediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low

MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high

low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low

MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 151: Plains Grassy Forest

Description:Open forest to 20 m tall often above a heathy shrub layer and a diverse grassy, sedgy and herbaceous ground layer. Occurs on lowland plains and old river terraces made up of gravelly sandy clays.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus muellerianaEucalyptus bridgesiana s.l.Eucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus

Yellow StringybarkBut But Red

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


EVC 151: Plains Grassy Forest Highlands - Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina littoralis Black SheoakT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia implexa LightwoodT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Melaleuca parvistaminea Rough-barked Honey-myrtleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme SpurgePS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Tricoryne elatior Yellow Rush-lilyLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Entolasia marginata Bordered PanicGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high

low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low

MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Woodland or open forest to 15 m tall occurring on creek terraces and along shallow drainage lines with ephemeral flows. Soils are mostly alluvial deposits of seasonally wet sands and silts. Characterised by a sparse shrub layer above a grassy/sedgy understorey, often rich in herbs within the inter-tussock spaces.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 5 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Acacia stricta Hop WattleMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Olearia lirata Snow Daisy-bushSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Tall GreenhoodLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Lagenophora gracilis Slender Bottle-daisyMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Carex inversa Knob SedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidehairSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Prunus cerasifera Cherry Plum high

high MS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberryhigh high MH Hypochoeris

radicata Cat's Ear high low MHLeontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbithigh low MH Hypochoeris

glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 169: Dry Valley Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring along minor gullies, ephemeral streams and river flats. The overstorey may contain a range of eucalypts typical of drier environments over an understorey of scattered shrubs and a notably mossy herb-rich groundcover.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhynchaEucalyptus cypellocarpa

Red StringybarkMountain Grey-gum


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 15% TMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 11 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Goodia lotifolia Golden TipSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia frigida Forest Bent-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Libertia pulchella Pretty Grass-flagMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.








Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 175: Grassy WoodlandDescription:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Character SpeciesEucalyptus bridgesiana s.l.

Common NameBut But

Eucalyptus rubidaEucalyptus pauciflora

CandlebarkSnow Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 4 15% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 7 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 35% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameTMS SSPS LHMH MHMH MHSH MTGMTG MTGMTG

r

Acacia dealbataDaviesia ulicifolia Hovea heterophyllaAcrotriche serrulata Senecio tenuiflorusGonocarpus tetragynus Plantago hispidaDaucus glochidiatus Leptorhynchos squamatusScleranthus diander Themeda triandra

Silver WattleGorse Bitter-pea Common HoveaHoney-pots Slender FireweedCommon Raspwort Hairy PlantainAustralian Carrot Scaly ButtonsTufted Knawel Kangaroo Grass

Recruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:

20 % cover

Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low


EVC 175: Grassy Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 177: Valley Slopes Dry Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall. Occurs on steep, eroding slopes in dry country above the Mitchell, Dargo and Tambo Rivers. Soils are skeletal though fertile and well-drained, with occasional rock outcropping which constantly erodes and falls into the river where it undercuts steep slopes. The unconsolidated soils are partially due to low biomass in the vegetation, which does little to bind the soil. This EVC carries a mixture of wet and dry species as river fogs and river margins provide increased moisture and hence the understorey consists of a mix of species common to both drier and wetter sites that do not usually occur together.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus polyanthemosEucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus elata

Red BoxYellow BoxRiver Peppermint


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 15% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C


EVC 177: Valley Slopes Dry Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia implexa LightwoodT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Lomatia myricoides River LomatiaMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Einadia hastata SaloopMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-grassMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeEP Amyema miquelii Box MistletoeSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga VineSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high

high LH Verbascum virgatum Twiggy Mulleinhigh high

MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high

low MH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernelhigh low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 191: Riparian Scrub

Description:A dense shrubland to 6 m tall growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts may be occasionally present. The understorey is often species-poor and consists typically of sedges tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Occurs along creeks and minor stream tributaries of the lowland plains.


Name60% Melaleuca squarrosaLeptospermnum continentale

Scented PaperbarkPrickly Tea-tree


#Spp1

%Cover5%


Medium Herb 1 1% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 20% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Currant-bushMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree Everlasting

SS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-

sedgeLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeMNG Baumea tetragona Square Twig-rushMNG Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog-sedgeMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-

rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Gleichenia microphylla Scrambling Coral-

fernSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

Recruitment:

Continuous



EVC 191: Riparian ScrubHighlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 192: Montane Rocky Shrubland

Description:Treeless or sparsely treed shrubland of rocky alpine peaks greater than 1000 m above sea level which are subject to low cloud cover and snowfall during winter. When present, trees are often stunted and low-growing and may form part of the dominant shrub layer.

Life Forms: Life


Small Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 7 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NameMountain Pepper

MS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Leucopogon gelidus Drooping Beard-heathMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BramblePS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttonsMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Deyeuxia frigida Forest Bent-grassLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Luzula meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common Woodrush

MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina Alpine Water-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis


EVC 192: Montane Rocky Shrubland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low MTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high high

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:


Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Herbs may also be abundant where light penetrates the ground layer.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus croajingolensisMessmate StringybarkGippsland


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFTree Fern 2 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Lomatia fraseri Tree LomatiaMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Tetratheca labillardierei Glandular Pink-bellsSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Drymophila cyanocarpa Turquoise BerryMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain Cotula

LNG


MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis


EVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland

Description:Occurs primarily in areas at altitudes of around 1200 m above sea level. Structurally and floristically this EVC is dominated by grasses. Any shrubs present tend to be small and cryptic. The fertile and highly organic soils which are generally derived from granodiorite provide a suitable substrate for a lush cover of grasses and herbs, many specific to montane/sub-alpine environments. Snow persists for several months over winter. Species richness is low, indicative of the harsh environment.

Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub

#Spp1

%Cover5%


Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameAlpine Baeckea

SS Grevillea australis Alpine GrevilleaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-

heathSS Hovea montana Alpine Rusty-podsPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-

buttonsSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortSH Cotula alpina Alpine CotulaMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-

sedgeMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa costiniana Bog Snow-grassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-

rushR

ecruitment:Continuous

Organic Litter:10%

Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact

MHMH SH

Acetosella vulgarisHypochoeris radicata Trifolium repens var. repens

Sheep SorrelCat's Ear White Clover

highhigh

hig

highlow high

EVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 210: Sub-alpine Wet Heathland

Description:Virtually treeless and characterised by a dense layer of low heathy shrubs to 2 m tall, with a number of sedges and rushes in the understorey. Occurs at elevations above 1000 m, in soaks or along small streams. Rainfall is generally greater than1000 mm per annum, and during winter, this EVC can tolerate long periods of snow cover and low temperature. Deep, peaty,sodden soils are usually covered by a layer of sphagnum moss.

Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub

#Spp4

%Cover15%


Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BL

LF Code


Common NameSwamp Heath

MS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Callistemon pityoides Alpine BottlebrushMS Baeckea utilis s.l. Mountain BaeckeaSS Richea continentis Candle HeathSS Olearia algida Mountain Daisy-bushLH Epilobium gunnianum Gunn's Willow-herbMH Astelia alpina var. novae-hollandiae Silver AsteliaMH Gentianella diemensis s.l. Mountain GentianMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisySH Nertera granadensis Matted NerteraSH Oreobolus distichus Fan Tuft-rushSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Carpha nivicola Broad-leaf Flower-

rushMTG Isolepis aucklandica New Zealand Club-sedgeMTG Poa hiemata Soft Snow-grass

MNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Lycopodium fastigiatum Mountain ClubmossGF Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina Alpine Water-fern

Recruitment:



Weediness:LF Code



Invasivehigh

Impactlow

EVC 210: Sub-alpine Wet Heathland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest

Description:Grows in gullies and on protected slopes on relatively skeletal but fertile sedimentary soils. Occurs at elevations of around 500 m above sea level and receives a low to moderate annual rainfall of approximately 750 mm. The overstorey includes a variety of Eucalypt species to 25 m tall. Silver Wattle is a common understorey tree. The dense mid stratum is comprised ofmedium to large shrubs characteristic of both drier and damper environments. The ground layer has a sparse cover of grasses and herbs, and commonly includes Austral Bracken.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate

StringybarkUnderstorey:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 8 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 15% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.








Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Occurs on southern and eastern-facing slopes or in protected gullies at elevations of around 1000 m above sea level, and receives a high rainfall of almost 1100 mm per annum. It is subject to cold air drainage, which influences the species mix. A mixture of eucalypts to 25 m tall forms the overstorey, with Silver Wattle abundant below. The shrub layer is neither diverse nor dense. The ground layer carries a diversity of herbs, graminoids and grasses. Climbers are commonly present.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensisNarrow-leaf PeppermintAlpine Ash

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-oliveMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLH Picris angustifolia Native PicrisLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Ranunculus plebeius s.l. Forest/Hairy ButtercupMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Poa helmsii Tall Mountain Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.


low SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Cloverhigh low






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 641: Riparian Woodland

Description:Occurs beside permanent streams, typically on narrow alluvial deposits. Woodland to 20 m tall generally dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis over a tussock grass-dominated understorey. Tall shrubs may be present and amphibious herbs may occur in occasional ponds and beside creeks. While flooding may be common, sites are rarely inundated for lengthy periods.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Eucalyptus tereticornis

River Red-gumManna Gum Gippsland Red Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 4 15% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT



T Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Hymenanthera dentata Tree VioletMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushMS Gynatrix pulchella Hemp BushSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio minimus Shrubby GroundselLH Myriophyllum crispatum Upright Water-milfoilMH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Mentha australis River MintMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Carex appressa Tall Sedge

LNG

Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water-ribbonsMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

EVC 641: Riparian Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:20m / 0.1 ha

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high

low LH Rumex crispus Curled Dockhigh low

LH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress high

high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low

MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low

MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass highhigh MNG Paspalum distichum Water Couchhigh high

SC Galium aparine Cleavers high low




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 653: Aquatic Herbland

Description:Herbland of permanent to semi-permanent wetlands, dominated by sedges (especially on shallower verges) and/or aquatic herbs. Occurs on fertile paludal soils, typically heavy clays beneath organic accumulations.

Life Forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 10% LH

Medium Herb 3 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 15% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 20% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover

80%

LF Code


Common NameSlender Knotweed

MH Myriophyllum verrucosum Red Water-milfoilMH Potamogeton pectinatus Fennel PondweedSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-

flowerSH Wolffia australiana Tiny DuckweedLNG Typha orientalis Broad-leaf CumbungiLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Bolboschoenus caldwellii Salt Club-sedge

Recruitment:

Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.

Organic Litter:10%

Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact

LH MH

Aster subulatus Cotula coronopifolia

Aster-weed Water Buttons

high h

low high

EVC 653: Aquatic Herbland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 710: Damp Heathland

Description:Developed on sites of intermittent waterlogging, typically wet in winter and dry in summer, with low nutrient availability. Closed tall heathland, or scrub if long unburnt. There is a dense ground layer of rushes and sedges, and sometimes emergent eucalypts.


codeMedium Shrub 5 40% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code



MS Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub SheoakMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaSS Hibbertia sericea s.l. Silky Guinea-flowerSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-

flowerSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeMTG Patersonia fragilis Short Purple-flagMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-

sedgeMTG Burchardia umbellata MilkmaidsMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushMNG Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedgeSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-

laurelSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

Recruitment:



Weediness:LF Code



Invasivehigh

Impactlow

EVC 710: Damp Heathland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland

Description:Woodland to 10 m tall with tall dense heathy understorey which becomes tall scrub if long unburnt in high rainfall areas. The ground layer consists of grasses, herbs, small shrubs and tough-leaved graminoids. Developed on sandy soils of moderate to low fertility, typically wet in winter due to impeding layer in soil and dry in summer.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus cephalocarpa s.l.

Eucalyptus radiata s.l.Eucalyptus ovata

Mealy StringybarkNarrow-leaf Peppermint Swamp Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 5 30% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

85%

LF Code



MS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel

EVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.







Highlands - Southern Fall bioregionEVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland

Description:Tall shrubland to 8 m tall above a ground layer of sedges and herbs. A sparse eucalypt overstorey to 15 m tall may sometimes be present. Occurs along rivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky stream bed or broad gravel banks which are often dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters.

+ eucalypt woodland onl y components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 10 /

haTree Canopy Cover+:

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 5 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SC

LF CodeT



T Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushLH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Apium prostratum ssp. prostratum Sea CelerySH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush

LNG

Phragmites australis Common ReedL

NGSchoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedge

MTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsM

NGMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

MNG

Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

EVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMS Ulex europaeus Gorse high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high

low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tonguehigh low

LH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifoliumNarrow-leaf Clover high low

MH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Plantago major Greater Plantain high

low SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Cloverhigh low

LTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high

low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low

MTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high lowMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high lowSC Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Vetch high low




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands Southern Fall Bioregion

EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank ShrublandDescription:Tall shrubland to 8 m tall above a ground layer of sedges and herbs. A sparse eucalypt overstorey to 15 m tall is present. Occurs along rivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky stream bed or broad gravel banks which are often dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters.

Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum

Understorey: Lifeform #Spp %Cover LF CodeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium ShrubLarge Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-Tufted GraminoidMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber

2 10% T4 20% MS3 5% LH12 20% MH4 10% SH3 10% LTG3 10% LNG10 15% MTG5 10% MNG2 5% SC

LF CodeT

Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeAcacia mearnsii


T Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Melicytus dentatus s.l. Tree VioletLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Apium prostratum subsp. prostratum Sea CelerySH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortSH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield Pennywort

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark

EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank Shrubland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedgeMTG Triglochin procera s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Calystegia sepium subsp. roseata Large Bindweed

Recruitment:Continuous.


Logs:10 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMS Ulex europaeus Gorse high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high high T Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn high high MTG Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. Narrow-leaf Clover high low

angustifoliumMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Plantago major Greater Plantain high low SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high low LH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high low SC Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Vetch high low MNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high low MTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low LH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high low LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowSC Galium aparine Cleavers high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.

Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186

This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 877: Lowland Herb-rich Forest

Description:Primarily occurs in gullies and along lower slopes close to minor drainage lines. Soils are reasonably fertile colluvial loams. Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall with a range of medium shrubs conspicuous in the mid-stratum. The ground layer is dominated by a dense cover of grasses and a high diversity of tussock-forming graminoids and herbs.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus angophoroidesEucalyptus globoidea

Apple BoxWhite Stringybark


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 3 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 20% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

EVC 877: Lowland Herb-rich Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved CassiniaMS Callistemon pallidus Lemon BottlebrushSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia calycina Juniper Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Veronica plebeia Trailing SpeedwellMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Pterostylis concinna Trim GreenhoodSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis ssp. filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Luzula meridionalis Common WoodrushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Entolasia marginata Bordered PanicGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.








Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland

Description:Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to high fertility, are well-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. . Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non- eucalypt shrubland to 8 m tall, with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common.

+ eucalypt woodland o n l y components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise site condition score as required)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 /

haTree Canopy Cover:

%cover15%

Character SpeciesAcacia implexa

Common NameLightwood

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakAcacia mearnsii Black WattleBursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaEucalyptus radiata Narrow-leaf

PeppermintUnderstore

y: Life #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub+ 3 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeMS r


Common NameFragrant Saltbush

MS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushLH Wahlenbergia communis s.l. Tufted BluebellMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Panicum effusum Hairy PanicGF Cheilanthes distans Bristly Cloak-fernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland - Highlands Southern Fall bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha+.5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Schinus molle Pepper Tree high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highSS Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high low LH Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce high lowLH Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low LH Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus Great Mullein high

high LH Echium plantagineum Paterson's Cursehigh high

LH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high low MH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high low MH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowSH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowSH Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 902: Gully Woodland

Description:Woodland or open forest to 20 m tall occurring along moderately steep gullies. Soils are mostly colluvial deposits of sands and silts. Characterised by a medium dense small tree and shrub layer above a grassy/sedgy understorey, often rich in herbs within the inter-tussock spaces.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus viminalisEucalyptus ovata

Manna GumSwamp Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 6 15% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 4 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1

ha.

EVC 902: Gully Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaT Allocasuarina littoralis Black SheoakMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Cassinia aculeata DogwoodSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John’s-wortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat GrassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stpied Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Doodia australis Common Rasp-fernEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga VineSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaf ClematisSC Comesperma volubile Love Creeper

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed high highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob high

high MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Oxalis incarnata Pale Wood-sorrel high

highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high low MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high

highMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Allium triquetrum Angled Onion high highMNG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high highSC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high high




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 937: Swampy Woodland

Description:Open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with ground-layer dominated by tussock grasses and/or sedges and often rich in herbs. Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally waterlogged heavy soils, primarily on swamp deposits but extending to suitable substrates within some landscapes of sedimentary origin.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptus cephalocarpa s.s.

Narrow-leaf PeppermintMountain Swamp Gum Swamp GumMealy Stringybark


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 10% LHMedium Herb 5 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Small Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 937: Swampy Woodland Highlands – Southern Fall bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Hibbertia procumbens Spreading Guinea-flowerLH Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Tall GreenhoodLH Stackhousia viminea Slender StackhousiaMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Mazus pumilio Swamp MazusMH Gratiola peruviana Austral BrooklimeMH Centella cordifolia CentellaMH Pterostylis sanguinea Banded GreenhoodSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Austrostipa pubinodis Tall Spear-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Lepyrodia muelleri Common Scale-rushMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurelSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high






Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionEVC 938: Shrubby Gully Forest

Description:An open eucalypt forest to woodland to 20 m tall confined to narrow bands along low gradient gullies on minor streams within foothills. Often associated with granite soils. The understorey is dominated by shrubs, sedges and ferns and lacks the diversity of herbs and grasses associated with drainage lines on more fertile soils.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis

Narrow-leaf PeppermintSwamp Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 4 20% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBlackwood

T Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkT Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMH Veronica plebeia Trailing SpeedwellMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock GrassLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedge

LNG

Phragmites australis Common ReedL

NGGahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedge

MTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

EVC 938: Shrubby Gully Forest Highlands – Southern Fall bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

high





EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Web view1. 10%. GF. Bryophytes/Lichens. na. 10%. BL....

Documents

Transcript of EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Web view1. 10%. GF. Bryophytes/Lichens. na. 10%. BL....