EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Web view · 2017-03-23EVC 3: Damp Sands...

%cover Character Species Common Name15% Banksia spp. Coast Banksia

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland

Description:Restricted to near coastal localities on secondary or tertiary dunes behind Coastal Dune Scrub. Usually dominated by a woodland overstorey of Coast Banksia Banksia integrifolia to 15 m tall over a medium shrub layer. The understorey consists of a number of herbs and sedges, including scramblers.

Large trees:SpeciesBanksia spp.

DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:

Life Forms: Life form #Spp %CoverImmature Canopy Tree 5%Medium Shrub 3 40%Small Shrub 1 1%Large Herb 2 1%Medium Herb 3 15%Small or Prostrate Herb 2 10%Large Tufted Graminoid 1 1%Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5%Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10%Ground Fern 1 10%Scrambler or Climber 2 10%Bryophytes/Lichens na 20%

LF CodeMS

Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameCoast Beard-heath

MS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushMS Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-treeLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Haloragis brownii Swamp RaspwortMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Galium australe Tangled BedstrawSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved

ClematisR

ecruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.

Organic Litter:

40 % cover

Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact

LHMH

Cirsium vulgareHypochoeris radicata

Spear ThistleCat's Ear

highhigh

highlow

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:

• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.

Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils).

Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name15% Eucalyptus baxteri s.s. Brown Stringybark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 15 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 6 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGGround Fern 1 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

Recruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:40 % cover

Logs:15 m/0.1

ha.

EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-flowerSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgePS r Boronia nana var. nana Dwarf BoroniaPS Xanthosia pusilla spp. agg. Heath XanthosiaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Sprawling BluebellMH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Goodenia geniculata Bent GoodeniaMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Nertera granadensis Matted NerteraSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lomandra nana Dwarf Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea var. setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassTTG Isolepis marginata Little Club-sedgeTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens var. scandens Common Apple-berry

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury low lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low

SH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate

Stringybark


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 6: Sand Heathland

Description:Treeless heathland (or with scattered emergent mallee-form eucalypts) occurring on deep infertile sands. Consists of a low, dense heathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species.+ eucalypt woodland onl y components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 50 cm 15 /

haTree Canopy Cover+:

Life Forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 8 20% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeMS


Common NameSilver

MS Epacris impressa CommonMS Leptospermum myrsinoides HeathMS Leptospermum continentale PrickSS Platylobium obtusangulum CommonSS Isopogon ceratophyllus HornySS Pimelea humilis CommonSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-PS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Gompholobium ecostatum DwarfPS Astroloma humifusum CranberryMH Goodenia geniculata Bent MH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Viola cleistogamoides HiddenLTG Xanthorrhoea australis AustrLTG Austrostipa mollis SuppLNG Gahnia radula Thatch

MTG Lomandra filiformis WattMTG Schoenus apogon CommMTG r Lepidosperma canescens HoaryMTG Austrodanthonia setacea BristlMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tasse

TTG Schoenus breviculmis MattedGF Lindsaea linearis ScrewSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. DownSC Cassytha glabella Slender

EVC 6: Sand Heathland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.

Organic Litter:20% cover

Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this

EVC.

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:


Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.



Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion

EVC 6_61: Treed Sand HeathlandDescription:Treeless heathland (or with scattered emergent mallee-form eucalypts) occurring on deep infertile sands. Consists of a low, dense heathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species.

Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 50 cm 15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Understorey: Lifeform Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-Tufted GraminoidMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Ground FernScrambler or Climber

#Spp %Cover LF Code6 30% MS8 20% SS3 5% PS3 5% MH2 5% SH2 10% LTG1 5% LNG6 15% MTG1 1% MNG1 1% GF3 5% SC

Bryophytes/Lichens 10% BLSoil Crust 10% S/C

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark

EVC 6_61: Treed Sand Heathland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Gompholobium ecostatum Dwarf Wedge-peaMH Drosera peltata subsp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Goodenia geniculata Bent GoodeniaSH Viola cleistogamoides Hidden VioletLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG r Lepidosperma canescens Hoary Rapier-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurelSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurel



Logs:15 m/0.1ha.

Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.

Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186

This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 8: Wet Heathland

Description:A low, generally treeless heathland to 5 m tall although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lower slopes, flats or depressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by a range of sedges, grasses and shrubs.

Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeMedium Shrub 7 50% MSSmall Shrub 6 15% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NameScented Paperbark

MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Leucopogon australis Spike Beard-heathSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgePS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Acianthus spp. Mosquito OrchidSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus Button GrassLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-

rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.s. Grass Trigger-plant

MNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushMNG Schoenus lepidosperma Slender Bog-sedgeMNG Tetrarrhena distichophylla Hairy Rice-grassMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Lycopodium deuterodensum Bushy ClubmossSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-

laurelR

ecruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.


Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

EVC 8: Wet Heathland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh

Description:Occurs on and immediately above marine and estuarine tidal flats and contains distinct floristic communities as bands or zones in the same location, depending on the positioning of the various floristic communities in relation to the saline environment. Consists of a range of life forms including succulent herbs, low succulent shrubs, rushes and sedges.

Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeMedium Shrub 1 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSMedium Herb 2 30% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

65%

LF Code


Common NameShrubby Glasswort

SS Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-

heathMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Samolus repens Creeping

BrookweedSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flower

Recruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:

10% Cover

Weediness: LF

Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH MH MTGM

Sonchus oleraceus Plantago coronopus Critesion

Common Sow-thistle Buck's-horn Plantain Sea Barley-grassWimmera Rye-

high high hig

low high high

EVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 10: Estuarine Wetland

Description:Grows on anaerobic peat-rich muds on the edges of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediate salinity conditions. Vegetation is determined by fluctuating salinity, which varies in time from occasionally fresh to brackish or occasionally saline according to river flood and marine tide events. Dominated by graminoids and halophytic herbs and often fringed by a tall scrub layer of Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia or Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum at the landward edge.

Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 1% MSLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 25% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%

LF CodeMS

Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeLeptospermum lanigerum

Common NameWoolly Tea-tree

LH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flowerSH Leptinella reptans s.l. Creeping CotulaLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years


Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH LH LH MH MH MH MH MTG MNG

Aster subulatus Plantago lanceolataRumex crispus Ranunculus repensLotus uliginosus Cotula coronopifolia Atriplex prostrataAgrostis

Aster-weed Ribwort Curled DockCreeping ButtercupGreater Bird's-foot Trefoil Water ButtonsHastate Orache Creeping Bent

high high high high high

low low low high high high hi


EVC 10: Estuarine Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007

© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007

This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.



This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest

Description:Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity of species and lifeforms in each stratum. Includes a variety of heathy understorey shrubs. It grows on a wide variety of geology and soils.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus obliqua

Eucalyptus willisii Eucalyptus baxteri s.s.

Messmate StringybarkShining Peppermint

Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree

#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


EVC 16: Lowland Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Correa reflexa Common CorreaMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Pultenaea stricta Rigid Bush-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Dipodium punctatum s.l. Hyacinth OrchidLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Burchardia umbellata MilkmaidsMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Austrostipa muelleri Wiry Spear-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

Recruitment:Continuous


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

A tall forest to 30 m tall along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. Soils are fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 20% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameHazel Pomaderris

T Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-oliveMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Austrocynoglossum latifolium Forest Hound's-tongueSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLTG Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Variable Sword-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedge

MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis


EVC 18: Riparian Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Watercress high low




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest

Description:Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills to exposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor in form to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leaved shrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l.

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus divesEucalyptus radiata s.l.

BundyRed StringybarkBroad-leaved Peppermint Narrow-leaf Peppermint


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 2 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 20% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Broom-heath

MS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme SpurgeSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Tetratheca labillardierei Glandular Pink-bellsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cicendia quadrangularis Square Cicendia high

low MH Trifolium campestre var. campestreHop Clover high low

MH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is a low, open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 20 /

haTree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus tricarpa

Eucalyptus baxteri Eucalyptus polyanthemos

Red IronbarkBrown Stringybark Red Box

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Spyridium parvifolium Dusty MillerMS Acacia myrtifolia Myrtle WattleMS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Hop-bushMS Pultenaea daphnoides Large-leaf Bush-peaSS Hibbertia stricta s.l. Upright Guinea-flowerSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushSS Pultenaea humilis Dwarf Bush-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma semiteres Wire Rapier-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock Grass



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this

EVC.






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to medium height forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer including a number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest is characterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite of fern species.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhyncha

Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus obliqua

Red StringybarkBundyMessmate Stringybark


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 7 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT


Common NameSilver Wattle

MS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Acacia aculeatissima Thin-leaf WattlePS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea


EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptus obliquaEucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis

Swamp GumMessmate Stringybark Manna Gum

Understorey: Life form

#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 3 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler/Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name

T Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Tall GreenhoodMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Variable Sword-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lomandra sororia Small Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderately fertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Eucalyptus divesEucalyptus rubida

Messmate StringybarkNarrow-leaf Peppermint Broad-leaved Peppermint

CandlebarkUnderstorey:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 7 15% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 15% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C


EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Narrow-leaf WattleMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Pultenaea gunnii Golden Bush-peaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS k Pultenaea muelleri var. reflexifolia Mueller's Bush-peaSS Acacia aculeatissima Thin-leaf WattleSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest

Description:Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. The tall, open overstorey to 25 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus melliodora

Narrow-leaf PeppermintCandlebark Yellow


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 16 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBlack Wattle

MS Myoporum sp. 1 Sticky BoobiallaMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedLTG Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low LTG Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera Bulbil Watsonia high

highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high low MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high

highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high highMTG Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum high highMTG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 48: Heathy Woodland

Description:Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian or outwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tall usually lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except where frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground cover is normally fairly sparse.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus baxteri s.l. Brown Stringybark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 7 35% MSSmall Shrub 9 20% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C


EVC 48: Heathy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathSS Boronia pilosa Hairy BoroniaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaPS Boronia nana Dwarf BoroniaMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMNG Tetrarrhena distichophylla Hairy Rice-grassMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 53: Swamp Scrub

Description:Closed scrub to 8 m tall at low elevations on alluvial deposits along streams or on poorly drained sites with high nutrient and water availability. Soils vary from organic loams to fine silts and peats which are inundated during the wetter months of the year and is dominated by Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermun lanigerum which often forms a dense impenetrable thicket, out- competing other species. Emergent trees (eg. Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata) may some times be present. Where light penetrates to ground level, a moss/lichen/liverwort herbaceous ground cover is often present.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name60% Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree

Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkAcacia melanoxylon Blackwood

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 13 30% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 9 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 15% MTGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeLH

Species typical of at least part of EVC rangePersicaria decipiens

Common NameSlender Knotweed

LH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Epilobium pallidiflorum Showy Willow-herbMH Hydrocotyle pterocarpa Wing PennywortMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisMH Hydrocotyle muscosa Mossy PennywortSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Amphibromus recurvatus Dark Swamp Wallaby-grassMTG Schoenus maschalinus Leafy Bog-sedgeMTG k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Wetland Blown-grassMTG Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf Rush


Organic Litter:20% Cover


EVC 53: Swamp Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer. This variant occupies areas receiving approximately 500 – 700 mm annual rainfall.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha8 / ha


Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameGolden Wattle

MS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-

flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-

sorrelMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-

grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1

ha.


EVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high

high LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistlehigh high

LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low







EVC 55_62: Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland (syn. EVC 803 - PlainsDescription:Grassy or sedgy woodland to 15 m tall with large inter-tussock spaces potentially supporting a range of annual or geophytic herbs adapted to low summer rainfall, with low overall biomass. Mostly occurs on terrain of low relief in areas receiving <600 mm rainfall per annum. Fertile, sometimes seasonally waterlogged, mostly silty, loamy or clay topsoils, with heavy subsoils, derived largely from former Quaternary swamp deposits.

Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haAllocasuarina luehmannii Eucalyptus spp.

Tree Canopy Cover:

40 cm

70 cm

15 / ha

%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus melliodora

Eucalyptus microcarpa Allocasuarina luehmannii Eucalyptus leucoxylon

Yellow Box Grey Box Buloke Yellow Gum

Understorey: Lifeform #Spp %Cover LF CodeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted GraminoidMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid

2 5% MS2 5% SS1 1% PS1 1% LH20 20% MH4 10% SH1 1% LTG16 45% MTG3 5% MNG



EVC 55_62: Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland (syn. EVC 803 - Plains Woodland)

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleSS Eutaxia microphylla var. microphylla Common EutaxiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow PlantainSH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotSH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Dianella revoluta var. revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Wurmbea dioica Common Early Nancy

Recruitment:Continuous.


Logs:10 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Petrorhagia dubia Velvety Pink high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. Narrow-leaf Clover high low

angustifolium

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 55_63: Higher Rainfall Plains Grassy Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or acacia/sheoak woodland to 10 m tall. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer. This variant occupies areas receiving greater than 700 mm annual rainfall.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp.Acacia melanoxylon Allocasuarina verticillata

70 cm40 cm40

15 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptus viminalis Acacia melanoxylon Allocasuarina verticillata

Swamp GumManna Gum Blackwood Drooping Sheoak


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common Name


flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Chysocephalum apiculatum Common

EverlastingMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-

grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

Recruitment:

Continuous

EVC 55_63: Higher Rainfall Plains Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.





Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2005© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland

Description:An open eucalypt woodland to 20 m tall over a medium to tall shrub layer with a ground layer consisting of amphibious and aquatic herbs and sedges. Occurs along the banks and floodplains of the larger meandering rivers and major creeks, often in conjunction with one or more floodplain wetland communities. Elevation and rainfall are relatively low and soils are fertile alluviums subject to periodic flooding and inundation.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus ovata

River Red-gumSwamp Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 15% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBlackwood

MS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Myoporum sp. 1 Sticky BoobiallaLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Rumex brownii Slender DockSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedgeLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Sea Rush

LNG

Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Austrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine Lily

MNG

Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassM

NGSchoenus nitens Shiny Bog-sedge

MNG

Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassEP Muellerina eucalyptoides Creeping MistletoeSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed


EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high

high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Plantago major Greater Plantain high lowMH Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip high highMH Atriplex prostrata Hastate Orache high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high

high MNG Paspalum distichum Water Couchhigh high






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest

Description:Occurs in low rainfall areas (<550 mm per annum) on gently undulating rises, low hills and peneplains on infertile, often stony soils derived from a range of geologies. The open overstorey consists of a variety of eucalypts to 20 m tall, often including one of the Ironbark species. The mid storey often forms a dense to open small tree or shrub layer over an open ground layer ranging from a sparse to well-developed suite of herbs and grasses.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus macrorhynchaEucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus leucoxylonEucalyptus goniocalyx s.s.

Red StringybarkBundy Yellow Gum Bundy


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeITMedium Shrub 5 20% MS

Small Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber* 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

* Largely seasonal life formTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%

EVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Dillwynia sericea s.l. Showy Parrot-peaLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Crassula decumbens var. decumbens Spreading CrassulaMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Siloxerus multiflorus Small WrinklewortSH Hyalosperma demissum Moss SunraySH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewSH Drosera glanduligera Scarlet SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassEP Amyema miquelii Box MistletoeSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Drosera macrantha Climbing Sundew



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 64: Rocky Chenopod Woodland

Description:Low open (mallee) woodland to 8 m tall with an understorey dominated by chenopod (saltbush) species, occasional grasses and seasonal herbs. Occurs on laterised clays and duplex soils that tend to have a high salt content and are largely impervious to water.


DBH(cm)40 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name10% Eucalyptus microcarpaEucalyptus leucoxylon Eucalyptus

Grey BoxYellow Gum Bull Mallee


codeUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 5% TMedium Shrub 6 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall Herb 1 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%

LF CodeT


Common NameLightwood

T Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakT Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata MoonahMS r Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant SaltbushMS Dodonaea viscosa ssp. cuneata Wedge-leaf Hop-bushMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushMH Einadia hastata SaloopMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Carpobrotus modestus Inland PigfaceSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Austrostipa densiflora Dense Spear-grassSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis


EVC 64: Rocky Chenopod Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn low high SS Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Galenia high high LH Phytolacca octandra Red-ink Weed high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high low



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Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 67: Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall on broad alluvial plains and along ephemeral drainage lines. Soils are generally poorly drained duplex soils with sandy loam overlying a heavier clay subsoil. Understorey consists of few, if any shrubs with the striking feature of this EVC being the high species-richness of the ground-layer and the low biomass of this cover, particularly in summer.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus melliodora

River Red-gumYellow Box


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 5 15% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 15 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 8 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

* Largely seasonal life form

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1

ha.

EVC 67: Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Leptospermum scoparium ManukaSS Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia stricta s.l. Upright Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraSH Viola cleistogamoides Hidden VioletSH Siloxerus multiflorus Small WrinklewortSH Drosera pygmaea Tiny SundewSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassMTG Luzula meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Juncus subsecundus Finger RushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Triglochin nanum Dwarf ArrowgrassTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisTTG Aphelia pumilio Dwarf ApheliaSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Moenchia erecta Erect Chickweed high lowMH Parentucellia latifolia Red Bartsia high


MTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high lowTTG Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland

Description:Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceous ground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on a wide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid and herbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or system of interconnected small ponds.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 3 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT



T Acacia retinodes WirildaMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-garss

LNG

Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine


EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Salix fragilis Crack Willow high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high

high MS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Hirschfeldia incana Buchan Weed high

high LH Verbena bonariensis s.l. Purple-top Verbena high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high highLH Conium maculatum Hemlock high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low LH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high

highMH Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLTG Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet high

high MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high highMTG Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high

high SC Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jewhigh high



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Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 71: Hills Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A dry, open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall often with a sparse shrub layer. The understorey is dominated by a carpet of herbs and grasses. Soils are generally shallow but fertile, and outcropping rock is not uncommon. This seasonally dry environment is favourable for annual herbs, with the fertile nature of the various geologies also supporting perennial herbs. Landform can vary from relatively flat ground to ridge tops on sedimentary sandstones (along seams of mineral-rich sandstone) to undulating, rounded, granite hill landforms.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus microcarpaEucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Grey BoxYellow Box River Red-gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%


EVC 71: Hills Herb-rich Woodland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Ozothamnus obcordatus Grey EverlastingPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Tricoryne elatior Yellow Rush-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland

Description:Mainly restricted to granite rocky outcrops and structurally consists of a low woodland to 10 m high with the dominant trees often being stunted.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus macrorhynchaEucalyptus goniocalyx s.l.

Red StringybarkBundy

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 5 5% MSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 11 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

85%


EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Grevillea alpina Cat's Claw GrevilleaMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoMS Acacia verniciflua Varnish WattleSS Dillwynia sericea s.l. Showy Parrot-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedMH Gonocarpus elatus Tall RaspwortMH Senecio hispidulus var. dissectus Rough FireweedMH Isotoma axillaris Rock IsotomeMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat GrassTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Narrow Rock-fernEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high

low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMNG Aira spp. Hair Grass high

low MNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low





%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 83: Swampy Riparian WoodlandDescription:Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses andsedges in the ground layer.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:


#Spp %Cover5%

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10%Medium Shrub 2 5%Large Herb 5 10%Medium Herb 9 15%Small or Prostrate Herb 4 5%Large Tufted Graminoid 5 20%Large Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1%Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 20%Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1%Ground Fern 1 1%Scrambler or Climber 2 5%Bryophytes/Lichens na 20%

LF CodeT



T Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Olearia glandulosa Swamp Daisy-bushMS Acacia verticillata ssp. verticillata Prickly MosesMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Rosemary EverlastingLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Persicaria praetermissa Spotted KnotweedLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelMH Euchiton involucratus s.l. Star CudweedSH Leptinella reptans s.l. Creeping CotulaSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-gMTG Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf RushMTG Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower RushMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat GrassMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high

high LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistlehigh low

LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia high lowMH Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high


MH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel highlow SH Trifolium repens var. repensWhite Clover high low

LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog highhigh MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-

grass high highMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high highMTG Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush high

high MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low

MNG Vulpia spp. Fescue high low





Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 104: Lignum Swamp

Description:Shrubland to 3 m tall or open woodland to 15 m tall, with an understorey that can be rich in herbaceous species. Occurs on inundation-prone heavy grey soils in depressions or floodways in low rainfall areas.+ woodland on ly components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 80 cm 5

Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common

Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum

Life forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeImmatrure Canopy Tree+ 5% IT

Medium Shrub 1 20% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameLignum

LH Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Woodland Swamp-daisyLH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooMH Alternanthera denticulata s.l. Lesser JoyweedMH Myriophyllum muelleri Hooded Water-milfoilSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Lobelia concolor Poison PratiaLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-

grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Juncus subsecundus Finger RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge

Recruitment:

Episodic/Flood - Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years.


Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha.

EVC 104: Lignum Swamp - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high

high LH Cynara cardunculus Spanish Artichoke high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low MTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low

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Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland

Description:This EVC is usually treeless, but in some instances can include sparse River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis or Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata. A sparse shrub component may also be present. The characteristic ground cover is dominated by grasses and small sedges and herbs. The vegetation is typically species-rich on the outer verges but is usually species-poor in the wetter central areas.


codeLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code


Common NameVariable Willow-herb

LH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Grey Willow-herbMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisMH Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Fairies' ApronsSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaLTG Juncus flavidus Gold RushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-

grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)


EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low MHHypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low

LTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 128: Grassy Forest

Description:Low growing forest to 20 m tall with an understorey of small and medium shrubs and a rich diversity of herbs. Large shrubs and understorey trees may also be conspicuous. Often grows in areas transitional between drier box stringybark forests and taller herb-rich forests typical of more favourable environments.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Messmate StringybarkCandlebarkNarrow-leaf


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 30% MTGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

80%

LF Code


Common NameCommon Heath

MS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-peaMS Pultenaea gunnii Golden Bush-peaSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedLH Wahlenbergia gymnoclada Naked BluebellMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Short-hair Plume-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea

EVC 128: Grassy Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine low

high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low MTG Anthoxanthum

odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high MTGAgrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent highhigh






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 132_61: Heavier-soils Plains Grassland

Description:Treeless vegetation mostly less than 1 m tall dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Occupies fertile cracking basalt soils prone to seasonal waterlogging in areas receiving at least 500 mm annual rainfall.

Life Forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 5% LH

Medium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 13 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens and Soil Crust* na 20% BL

* Note: treat as one life form in this EVC

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerLH Rumex dumosus Wiry DockMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-

grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-

grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge

MNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Thelymitra pauciflora s.l. Slender Sun-orchidMNG Microtis unifolia Common Onion-

orchidSC Convolvulus erubescens Pink Bindweed

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.


EVC 132_61: Heavier-soils Plains Grassland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionWeediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 132_63: Low-rainfall Plains Grassland

Description:Treeless vegetation mostly < 1 m tall dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Occupies cracking basalt soils prone to seasonal waterlogging in areas receiving < 500 mm annual rainfall.

Life forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeSmall Shrub* 1 5% SS

Prostrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb* 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid* 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens and Soil Crust** na 20% BL

* Largely seasonal life form** Note: treat as one life form in this EVC

LF Code


Common NameCurved Rice-flower

PS Atriplex semibaccata Berry SaltbushLH Ptilotus macrocephalus Feather-headsMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow PlantainMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grassMTG Whalleya proluta Rigid PanicMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-

grassTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

Recruitment:

Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.


EVC 132_63: Low-rainfall Plains Grassland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 134: Sand Forest

Description:Eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring on deep, low fertility sand deposits subject to high fire frequency. The understorey is visually dominated by Austral Bracken and the overall diversity is low.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. cygnetensis Rough-barked Manna-

gumUnderstorey:

Life formImmature Canopy Tree

#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% T

Medium Shrub 3 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 1 50% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT


Common Name

MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Goodenia geniculata Bent GoodeniaMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common

RaspwortLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia geniculata Kneed Wallaby-

grassMTG Lomandra nana Dwarf Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1

ha.

EVC 134: Sand Forest – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMNG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Holcus setosus Annual Fog high lowMNG Aira praecox Early Hair-grass high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 136: Sedge Wetland

Description:Seasonal wetlands containing generally treeless vegetation dominated by sedges. May contain a fringe of shrubs and isolated shrubs may also be present throughout. Usually of low diversity in central areas but richer on verges and in some more ephemeral forms of the EVC. Frequently on soils of high organic content, in depressions with sandy terrain.


codeLarge Herb 1 5% LHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 20% LNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

55%

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Tea-tree

LH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLTG Baloskian tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Tassel Cord-rush

LTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsLTG Baumea articulata Jointed Twig-sedgeLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rush

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years


Weediness: LF Code

Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMHMH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG

Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHypochoeris radicata Hypochoeris glabra Cotula coronopifolia Critesion hystrix Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Lolium perenne Briza minorHolcus setosus Aira

Hairy HawkbitCat's EarSmooth Cat's-ear Water ButtonsMediterranean Barley-grass Squirrel-tail FescueOnion Grass Perennial Rye-grass Lesser Quaking-grass Annual FogDelicate Hair-

highhigh high high high high high

lowlow low high low low low high low high low

EVC 136: Sedge Wetland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland

Description:Shrubland to 2 m tall. Confined to protected low energy coastal environments where there is sufficient shelter from strong wave action and currents to allow the accumulation of fine sediments, generally on mud flats within the tidal zone.

Life Forms:Life formMedium Shrub

#Spp1

%Cover40%

LF code

Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover

25%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameMS

MNGAvicennia marina ssp. australasicaZostera muelleri

White MangroveDwarf Grass-wrack

Recruitment:

Continuous


EVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub

Description:Coastal Dune Scrub occupies the secondary dunes along ocean and bay beaches and lake shores. Closed scrub to 3 m tall with occasional emergent trees on siliceous and calcareous sands that are subject to high levels of saltspray and continuous disturbance from onshore winds.


codeMedium Shrub 5 50% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code


Common NameCoast Wattle

MS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushMS Monotoca elliptica s.l. Tree Broom-heathMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander

RaspwortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-

rushMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge

GF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)


LH MH

Sonchus oleraceus Plantago coronopus

Common Sow-thistle Buck's-horn Plantain

high hig

low high


EVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub

Description:Scrub or low shrubland to 2 m tall on steep, rocky coastal headlands often associated with cliffs exposed to the stresses of extreme salt-laden winds and salt spray from the south west. Occurs on shallow sands along rocky sections of the coast.

Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 7 50% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF CodeMS

Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeLeptospermum laevigatum

Common NameCoast Tea-tree

MS Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Coast WattleMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushMS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathSS Leucophyta brownii Cushion BushSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerMTG Dianella brevicaulis Small-flower Flax-lilyMTG Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Coast Blown-grassMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Tetragonia implexicoma Bower Spinach



Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS MS LH MH MTG

Chrysanthemoides monilifera Polygala myrtifolia var. myrtifoliaSonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata

BoneseedMyrtle-leaf Milkwort Common Sow-thistle Cat's EarPanic Veldt-grass

high high high

high high low low


EVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion







www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland

Description:A tussock grassland that may contain emergent shrubs. Occurs on exposed coastal cliffs and bluffs. Soils are saline and the strong salt-laden winds preclude tree growth.

Life Forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 10% MS

Small Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 10% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

90%

LF Code


Common NameCoast Beard-heath

MS Correa alba White CorreaLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. billardierianum Smooth Willow-herbMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-

flowerSH Leptinella reptans s.l. Creeping CotulaLTG Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grassLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-

grassMTG Isolepis cernua Nodding Club-sedgeMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Dianella revoluta var. brevicaulis Coast Flax-lilyMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge

Recruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:20%

Cover

EVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionWeediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high

high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowMH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high


LTG Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Polypogon monspeliensis Annual Beard-grass high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Woodland or open forest to 15 m tall occurring on creek terraces and along shallow drainage lines with ephemeral flows. Soils are mostly alluvial deposits of seasonally wet sands and silts. Characterised by a sparse shrub layer above a grassy/sedgy understorey, often rich in herbs within the inter-tussock spaces.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus rubida

Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata

CandlebarkManna Gum Swamp Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 2 10% MSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treePS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Juncus pallidus Pale Rush

LNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Austrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea


EVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn high highT Malus pumila Apple high highT Salix spp. Willow high highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

high LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Conium maculatum Hemlock high

high MH Lotus uliginosus Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush high

high MTG Cyperus congestus Dense Flat-sedge high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 175: Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak/Acacia woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.+ eucalypt woodland o n l y components (ignore when assessing non-eucalypt areas)

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp.Allocasuarina spp.Acacia spp.

70 cm40 cm30 cm

15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover15%

Character SpeciesEucalyptus ovata

Common NameSwamp Gum

Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf PeppermintEucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakAcacia implexa LightwoodAcacia mearnsii Black Wattle

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT+Understorey Tree or Large Shrub

2 10% T

Medium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code


Common NameSweet Bursaria

MS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Atriplex semibaccata Berry SaltbushMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis

EVC 175: Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.



MH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high

high MTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high high







EVC 175_61: Non-Eucalypt Grassy WoodlandDescription:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.

Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haAcacia spp. Allocasuarina spp. Eucalyptus spp.

Tree Canopy Cover:

30 cm

40 cm

70 cm

15 / ha

%cover15%

Character SpeciesAcacia implexa


Acacia mearnsii Black WattleAllocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakEucalyptus ovata Swamp GumEucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf PeppermintEucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey: Lifeform #Spp %Cover LF CodeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted GraminoidMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber

2 10% MS2 1% SS2 5% PS8 20% MH3 5% SH1 1% LTG8 45% MTG1 5% MNG1 1% SC

Bryophytes/Lichens 10% BL


EVC 175_61: Non-Eucalypt Grassy Woodland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Atriplex semibaccata Berry SaltbushMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Nodding SaltbushSH Crassula sieberiana s.l. Sieber CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weed LTG Various spp.LTG Various spp.MTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high high MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high highMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high low MH Leontodon taraxacoides subsp. Hairy Hawkbit high low

taraxacoidesMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low





www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 191: Riparian Scrub

Description:A dense shrubland to 6 m tall growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts may be occasionally present. The understorey typically consists of sedges tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Occurs along creeks and minor stream tributaries of the lowland plains.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name60% Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree


#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 20% MS

Large Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Currant-bush

MS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-

sorrelSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-

grassLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

Recruitment:

Continuous


EVC 191: Riparian Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

high MNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tailhigh low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment January 2005© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 195: Seasonally Inundated Shrubby Woodland

Description:Shrub-dominated eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with an understorey visually dominated by medium shrubs and including a range of sedges and grasses and herbs including a number of annuals. Occurs on moderately fertile, poorly-drained, shallow sand or silty topsoils over heavier clay subsoils that naturally impede drainage. Often associated with recent Quaternary swamp deposits and broad, seasonal drainage lines and outwash flats. Soils are generally inundated or waterlogged in winter and baked hard in summer, which promotes sedges and annual species.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus ovata

River Red GumSwamp Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall Herb* 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

* Largely seasonal life form

LF CodeT



MS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Melaleuca decussata Totem-polesMS Leptospermum scoparium ManukaSS Hibbertia riparia Upright Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep’s BurrMH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Hypericum gramineum Small St. John’s-wortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Juncus amabilis Hollow Rush

MNG

Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedgeM

NGJuncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf Rush

EVC 195: Seasonally Inundated Shrubby Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MTG Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush high

high






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 198: Sedgy Riparian Woodland

Description:Eucalypt forest or woodland to 15 m tall with sedge-dominated understorey. Occurs on flats along low gradient creeks and drainage lines subject to seasonal inundation and waterlogging in moderately fertile habitats.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Eucalyptus ovataMessmate StringybarkSwamp Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSMedium Herb 3 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 5 30% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



MS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLTG Baloskion tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Tassel Cord-rushLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushMTG Dianella longifolia Pale Flax-lily

MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassM

NGMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

GF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fern

EVC 198: Sedgy Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus ulmifolius Blackberry high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high

low MH Batrachium trichophyllum Water Fennelhigh low

MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low SH Callitriche stagnalis Common Starwort high

highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush high high






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 203: Stony Rises Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall on stony rises (highly irregular terrain on recent basalt flows). Soils are fertile and well-drained but shallow or skeletal. Limited soil development outside of rock-cracks and dry summers promote annuals and deep-rooted perennials.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 1 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 20% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT



MS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Grey Willow-herbLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillMH Ranunculus sessiliflorus Annual ButtercupMH Parietaria debilis s.l. Shade PellitorySH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock FernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis


EVC 203: Stony Rises Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LH Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle high

high LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

high LH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972)Black Nightshade high low

MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed highlow MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low

MH Veronica persica Persian Speedwell highlow MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean

Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

highMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high low





Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 283: Plains Sedgy Woodland

Description:Occurs in shallow depressions associated with broad plains or floodplains. Soils are poorly drained, cracking clays which can seasonally form shallow freshwater marshes. The vegetation is an open woodland to 15 m tall, with shrubs and understorey trees generally absent, and sedges predominating in the ground layer. Herbs typical of inundated environments are present, but also grass, herb and geophyte species common to surrounding woodlands.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp.Allocasuarina luehmannii

70 cm40 cm

15 / ha


Name10% Eucalyptus leucoxylonEucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus melliodoraAllocasuarina luehmannii

Yellow GumRiver Red-gum Yellow Box Buloke


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Medium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 4 15% LHMedium Herb 10 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 13 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 20% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

EVC 283: Plains Sedgy Woodland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS v Comesperma polygaloides Small MilkwortSS Eutaxia microphylla Common EutaxiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilLH Brachyscome cardiocarpa Swamp DaisyLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Fairies' ApronsMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Myriocephalus rhizocephalus Woolly-headsSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Lepidosperma congestum Clustered Sword-sedgeMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Chorizandra enodis Black Bristle-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis glabra Smooth CentrolepisTTG Aphelia gracilis Slender ApheliaSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high

low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low

MH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high lowTTG Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge high low





www.dse.vic.gov.au



EVC 291: Cane Grass WetlandDescription:Open-grassland, typically very species-poor except on outer verges, often with monospecific (or virtually so) cane-grass dominated centres. Occur on alluvial plains in shallow (~1 m deep) depressions, on very heavy grey clay soils, prone to turbidity when inundated (4-6 months) and extreme cracking when dry.

Understorey: LifeformSmall or Prostrate HerbMedium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid

#Spp %Cover LF Code2 10% SH2 40% MNG

LF CodeSH

Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeApium annuum

Common NameAnnual Celery

SH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eragrostis infecunda Southern Cane-grass




Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2011© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that:

• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.





Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 292: Red Gum Swamp

Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall. Occurs on alluvial plains in the seasonally wet depressions of shallow drainage lines or prior stream meanders, typically associated with heavy paludal soils, sometimes with gilgai development. The annual rainfall across its distribution is generally below 700 mm, and the period of inundation may range from 2 to 6 months. River Red Gum woodland with sedgy or grassy-herbaceous ground-layer, comprising various balances of true aquatics and species tolerant of intermittent to seasonal inundation.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha10 / ha





Large Herb 2 10% LHMedium Herb 7 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNG

LF Code


Common NameRunning Marsh-flower

LH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Lythrum hyssopifolia Small LoosestrifeMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewMH Haloragis aspera Rough RaspwortSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-

grassLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf RushMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Schoenus tesquorum Soft Bog-sedgeMTG Isolepis fluitans Floating Club-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

Recruitment:

Episodic/Flood – desrirable period of disturbance is once every 5 years

Organic Litter:

10% Cover

Logs:10m/0.1

ha


MHMNG

Hypochoeris radicataBriza minor

Cat's EarLesser Quaking-grass

highhigh

lowlow

EVC 292: Red Gum Swamp - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment October 2005© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:



For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 311: Berm Grassy Shrubland

Description:Low shrubland to 1.5 m tall occurring in sheltered coastal areas where sand deposits have formed as a result of low energy wave action. Contains a number of halophytic species over a ground layer of grasses and herbs.


codeMedium Shrub 3 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 2 10% MHSmall Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover

70%

LF Code


Common NameCoast Saltbush

MS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-heathLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey CudweedMH Actites megalocarpa Coast Sow-thistleSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-

flowerSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume

GrassMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Austrofestuca littoralis Coast FescueMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge

Recruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:

10% Cover

Weediness: LF

Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS LHLH MHMH MH

Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Sonchus oleraceusConyza albida Polycarpon tetraphyllumHypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensisVulpia myuros Lagurus ovatus

BoneseedCommon Sow-thistle Tall FleabaneFour-leaved AllseedCat's Ear PimpernelRat's-tail Fescue Hare's-

high h

ighhigh

high

hig

high lowlow lowlow low

EVC 311: Berm Grassy Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 641: Riparian Woodland

Description:Occurs beside permanent streams, typically on narrow alluvial deposits. Woodland to 15 m tall generally dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis over a tussock grass-dominated understorey. Tall shrubs may be present and amphibious herbs may occur in occasional ponds and beside creeks. While flooding may be common, sites are rarely inundated for lengthy periods.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha15 / ha





Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 4 15% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT



MS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Viminaria juncea Golden SpraySS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cottony FireweedLH Myriophyllum crispatum Upright Water-milfoilMH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Mentha australis River MintMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water-ribbons

MNG

Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

EVC 641: Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20m / 0.1 ha

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high

low LH Rumex crispus Curled Dockhigh low

LH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress high


LTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high MNG

Paspalum distichum Water Couch highhigh

SC Galium aparine Cleavers high low



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Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 642: Basalt Shrubby Woodland

Description:Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with an understorey of shrubs and grasses, presumed originally quite species-rich. Occurs on well-drained to seasonally damp fertile soils in higher rainfall areas of volcanic plain.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus ovataEucalyptus viminalis

Swamp GumManna Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 1 15% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT



T Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Austrostipa pubinodis Tall Spear-grassLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis ssp. filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grass

MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassM


GF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken

EVC 642: Basalt Shrubby Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Gamochaeta purpurea s.s. Spiked Cudweed high low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

highMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowSNG Sisyrinchium iridifolium Blue Pigroot high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 644: Cinder Cone Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. Associated with tuff (volcanic ash) volcanoes.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus viminalisEucalyptus ovata

Manna GumSwamp Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 2 10% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 20% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 20% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

85%

LF CodeT



MS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Solanum laciniatum Large Kangaroo

AppleLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Rumex brownii Wiry DockLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-

grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1

ha.

EVC 644: Cinder Cone Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion


high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low

MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 647: Plains Sedgy Wetland

Description:Occurs in seasonally wet depressions on volcanic and sedimentary plains, typically associated with fertile, silty, peaty or heavy clay paludal soils. Primarily sedgy-herbaceous vegetation, sometimes with scattered or fringing eucalypts or tea-tree/paperbark shrubs in higher rainfall areas. A range of aquatic herbs can be present, and species-richness is mostly relatively low to moderate, but higher towards drier margins.


codeLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 40% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNG

LF Code


Common NameVariable Willow-herb

MH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Stellaria angustifolia Swamp StarwortMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH v Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps) Pale Swamp EverlastingSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Wetland Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG v Amphibromus sinuatus Wavy Swamp Wallaby-

grassRecruitment:

Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.


Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)

Weediness:LF Code

MTGTypical Weed SpeciesJuncus bulbosus

Common NameBulbous Rush

Invasivehigh

Impacthigh


EVC 647: Plains Sedgy Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion





%cover Character Species Common Name15% Allocasuarina verticillata

Bursaria spinosaDrooping SheoakSweet Bursaria


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 649: Stony Knoll Shrubland

Description:Stony Knoll Shrubland is a shrubland to 3 m tall or low non-eucalypt woodland to 8 m tall with a grassy understorey. It occurs on low stony rises on basalt flows. The soils are fertile and well drained but shallow with out cropping rock, causing severe summer dryness.+ woodland onl y components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Canopy Cover+:


#Spp3

%Cover10%

Prostrate Shrub 1 1%Large Herb 2 1%Medium Herb 11 10%Small or Prostrate Herb 4 5%Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 25%Tiny Tufted Graminoid 2 5%Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5%Ground Fern 2 5%Bryophytes/Lichens na 10%Soil Crust na 10%Total understorey projective foliage cover

85%

LF CodeMS


Common NaTree Violet

MS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattlPS Kennedia prostrata Running PosLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FirewLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FirewMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Woo

sorrelMH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John’MH Acaena ovina Australian Sheep’

BurrSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PenSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey TussocMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-

grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly WallaTTG Carex breviculmis Short-stem SedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GraGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

Recruitment:

Continuous


EVC 649: Stony Knoll Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Schinus molle Pepper Tree high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highSS Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high

low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tonguehigh low

LH Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce high lowLH Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low LH Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus Great Mullein high

high LH Echium plantagineum Paterson's Curse high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high

low MH Trifolium campestre var. campestreHop Clover high low

MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high low MH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high

lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high

low SH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medichigh low

SH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowSH Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high

low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low

MTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high

low MTG Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoidesFalse Hair-grass high low

MTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMTG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMTG Bromus rubens Red Brome high lowMTG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high lowMTG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowSC Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Vetch low low


• the copyright owner is acknowledged;www.dse.vic.gov.au



EVC 649_61: Treed Stony Knoll ShrublandDescription:Stony Knoll Shrubland is a shrubland to 3 m tall or low non-eucalypt woodland to 8 m tall with a grassy understorey. It occurs on low stony rises on basalt flows. The soils are fertile and well drained but shallow with out cropping rock, causing severe summer dryness.

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Allocasuarina verticillata

Bursaria spinosaDrooping Sheoak Sweet Bursaria

Understorey: Lifeform Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate HerbMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Tiny Tufted GraminoidGround Fern

#Spp %Cover LF Code3 10% MS1 1% PS2 1% LH11 10% MH4 5% SH10 25% MTG2 5% MNG2 5% TTG2 5% GF


LF CodeMS

Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeAcacia paradoxa

Common NameHedge Wattle

MS Melicytus dentatus s.l. Tree VioletPS Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Acaena ovina Australian Sheep's BurrMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Rumex brownii Slender DockSH Crassula sieberiana s.l. Sieber CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassTTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedge


EVC 649_61: Treed Stony Knoll Shrubland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken



Logs:5 m/0.1ha. (note: large log class does not apply).

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high high MS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high high LH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high high LH Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus Great Mullein high high LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highT Schinus molle Pepper Tree high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highSH Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant high high LH Echium plantagineum Paterson's Curse high high SS Marrubium vulgare Horehound high high MTG Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low MTG Pentaschistis airoides subsp. airoides False Hair-grass high low MTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMTG Bromus rubens Red Brome high lowMTG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high lowMTG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowMH Lotus subbiflorus Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. Narrow-leaf Clover high low

angustifoliumMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high low LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low LH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high low MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high low LH Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce high low SH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high low SH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high low LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear high low

ChickweedSC Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Vetch low low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 651: Plains Swampy Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with ground layer dominated by tussock grasses, sedges and herbs. Shrubs are often scattered throughout. Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally waterlogged heavy soils.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name10% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 4 15% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 30% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



MS Melaleuca gibbosa Slender Honey-myrtleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub SheoakLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffMH Centella cordifolia CentellaMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH R r Lobelia beaugleholei Showy LobeliaSH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's WortLTG Gahnia trifida Coast Saw-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Poa clelandii Noah's ArkMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat Grass


EVC 651: Plains Swampy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high low LTG Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

highMNG Holcus setosus Annual Fog high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low

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Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 652: Lunette Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with a grassy and herb-rich understorey. Occupies on generally fertile, relatively well- drained, clay-loam soils on source-bordering lunettes.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha8 / ha


Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensisEucalyptus melliodora

River Red GumYellow Box


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameGolden Wattle


flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-

sorrelMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-

grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Tricoryne elatior Yellow Rush-lily

MNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1

ha.


EVC 652: Lunette Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion










Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 653: Aquatic Herbland

Description:Herbland of permanent to semi-permanent wetlands, dominated by sedges (especially on shallower verges) and/or aquatic herbs. Occurs on fertile paludal soils, typically heavy clays beneath organic accumulations.

Life Forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 10% LH

Medium Herb 5 40% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 10% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover

85%

LF Code


Common NameRunning Marsh-flower

MH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating Pondweed

MH Potamogeton pectinatus Fennel PondweedMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Lemna disperma DuckweedLNG Eleocharis sphacelata Tall Spike-sedgeMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-

grassMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

Recruitment:


Organic Litter:

10% cover

Weediness: LF Code

Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLHLH MH MH MTG M

Aster subulatusRumex crispus Plantago coronopusCotula coronopifolia Lolium rigidum

Aster-weedCurled DockBuck's-horn Plantain Water Buttons Wimmera Rye-grass Onion

highhigh high high

lowlow high high low

EVC 653: Aquatic Herbland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 654: Creekline Tussock Grassland

Description:Creekline Tussock Grassland occurs along low gradient ephemeral and intermittent drainage lines across the volcanic plains. Soils are generally fertile heavy dark clays. Exposed basalt rocks can be common. Dominated by a dense sward of Common Tussock-grass Poa labillardierei primarily with small herbs and typically mat-forming grasses in the inter-tussock spaces. This EVC often includes small areas of sedgeland and/or wetland.

Life forms: Life form

#Spp4

%Cover5%

LF codeLHMedium Herb 8 10% MH

Small or Prostrate Herb 11 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 40% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NameCottony Fireweed

LH Senecio tenuiflorus Narrow-leaf GroundeslLH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttonsMH Calocephalus lacteus Milky Beaty-headsLH Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Woodland Swamp-daisyMH Microseris sp. 1 Yam DaisyMH Haloragis heterophylla Varied RaspwortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Carex tereticaulis Rush SedgeLTG Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Sea RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-

grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf RushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt GrassMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat GrassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

Recruitment:

Episodic – fire/grazing – desirable period of disturbance is every 10 years

Organic Litter:10%

Cover

EVC 654: Creekline Tussock Grassland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionWeediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high MNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highMNG Agrostis capillaris Brown-top Bent high high


• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; andwww.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 655: Lignum Cane Grass Swamp

Description:Shrubland to 2 m tall, typically very species-poor except on outer verges. May include species typical of more saline areas. Occurs in low rainfall areas (<500 mm per annum) in shallow (to 1 m deep) depressions, on very heavy grey clay soils, prone to turbidity when inundated (4-6 months) and extreme cracking when dry.


codeMedium Shrub 1 25% MSProstrate Shrub 2 10% PSMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 40% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%

LF Code


Common NameTangled Lignum

PS Wilsonia rotundifolia Round-leaf WilsoniaMNG Eragrostis infecunda Southern Cane-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked Arrow-grass

Recruitment:




EVC 655: Lignum Cane Grass Swamp - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 656: Brackish Wetland

Description:Treeless EVC dominated by sedges and herbs that are generally indicative of saline conditions. True halophytic species such as samphires, if present, only occur with very low cover. Occurs in estuaries and along poorly defined drainage lines or associated with shorelines of brackish lakes.


codeLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

80%

LF Code


Common NameSlender Knotweed

LH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. billardierianum Smooth Willow-herbMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-

flowerLTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedgeLNG Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Sea RushLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMNG Bolboschoenus caldwellii Salt Club-sedgeMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMNG Schoenoplectus pungens Sharp Club-sedgeMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

Recruitment:

Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years



EVC 656: Brackish Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 705: Basalt Creekline Shrubby Woodland

Description:Shrub-dominated low eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, with a range of grasses, sedges and herbs in the understorey. Occurs on heavy soils along low-gradient boggy drainage lines on relatively high rainfall volcanic plains.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name10% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 4 15% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT



MS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Centella cordifolia CentellaMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisMH Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Fairies' ApronsSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's WortLTG Juncus flavidus Gold RushLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grass

MNG

Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeM

NGEleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge

EVC 705: Basalt Creekline Shrubby Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high

high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoidesHairy Hawkbit high low

LTG Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

highMNG Holcus setosus Annual Fog high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 710: Damp Heathland

Description:Developed on sites of intermittent waterlogging, typically wet in winter and dry in summer, with low nutrient availability. Closed tall heathland, or scrub if long unburnt. There is a dense ground layer of rushes and sedges, and sometimes emergent eucalypts.


codeMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 20% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 20% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code



MS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeSS Pultenaea stricta Rigid Bush-peaSS Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-

flowerSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaSS Leucopogon glacialis Twisted Beard-

heathPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Argentipallium obtusifolium Blunt EverlastingMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Drosera pygmaea Tiny SundewMTG Patersonia fragilis Short Purple-flagMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushMNG Leptocarpus tenax Slender Twine-rushMNG Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedgeSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-

laurelSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel

Recruitment:

Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.



EVC 710: Damp Heathland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland

Description:Woodland to 10 m tall with tall dense heathy understorey which becomes tall scrub if long unburnt in high rainfall areas. The ground layer consists of grasses, herbs, small shrubs and tough-leaved monocots. Developed on sandy soils of moderate to low fertility, typically wet in winter due to impeding layer in soil and dry in summer.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus viminalis

Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus

Manna GumSwamp GumJimmy’s Shining Peppermint


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 6 40% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 11 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code



MS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Acacia verticillata ssp. verticillata Prickly MosesMS Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub SheoakSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-tree

LNG

Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeL

NGGahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedge

MTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Variable Sword-sedge

MNG

Lepyrodia muelleri Common Scale-rushM


EVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low MH Centaurium

erythraea Common Centaury high low LNGHolcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog highhigh

MTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

high






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 803: Plains Woodland (syn. EVC 55 Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland)

Description:Grassy or sedgy woodland to 15 m tall with large inter-tussock spaces potentially supporting a range of annual or geophytic herbs adapted to low summer rainfall, with low overall biomass. Mostly occurs on terrain of low relief in areas receiving <600 mm rainfall per annum. Fertile, sometimes seasonally waterlogged, mostly silty, loamy or clay topsoils, with heavy subsoils, derived largely from former Quaternary swamp deposits.Large trees:

Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp.Allocasuarina luehmannii

70 cm40 cm

15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus microcarpaAllocasuarina luehmannii Eucalyptus melliodora

Grey BoxBuloke Yellow BoxYellow Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 20 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 16 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1

ha.

EVC 803: Plains Woodland (syn. EVC 55 Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland) - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleSS Eutaxia microphylla var. microphylla Common EutaxiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow PlantainMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Daucus glochidiatus Austral CarrotSH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMNG Wurmbea dioica Common Early NancyTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisEP Amyema miquelii Box MistletoeSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifoliumNarrow-leaf Clover high low

MH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high low






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 821: Tall Marsh

Description:Closed to open grassland/sedgeland to 3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed and Cumbungi. Small aquatic and semi-aquatic species occur amongst the reeds. Occurs on Quaternary sedimentary geology of mainly estuarine sands, soils are peaty, silty clays, and average annual rainfall is approximately 600 mm. It requires shallow water (to 1 m deep) and low current-scour, and can only tolerate very low levels of salinity.

Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 6 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 40% LNGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF CodeLH

Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeMyriophyllum verrucosum

Common NameRed Water-milfoil

LH Myriophyllum salsugineum Lake Water-milfoilLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Rumex bidens Mud DockMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisMH Lepilaena bilocularis Small-fruit Water-matSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Wolffia australiana Tiny DuckweedSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flowerLTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsLTG Juncus ingens Giant RushLNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Typha domingensis CumbungiLNG Typha orientalis Broad-leaf CumbungiMNG Lepilaena cylindrocarpa Long-fruit Water-matMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years


Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH MNG

Cotula coronopifolia Paspalum distichum

Water Buttons Water Couch

high hi

high hi


EVC 821: Tall Marsh - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion







www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland

Description:Tall shrubland to 8 m tall above a ground layer of sedges and herbs. A sparse eucalypt overstorey to 15 m tall may sometimes be present. Occurs along rivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky stream bed or broad gravel banks which are often dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters.+ eucalypt woodland onl y components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required)


haTree Canopy Cover+:

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 5 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SC

LF CodeT


Common NameBlack Wattle

T Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushLH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Apium prostratum ssp. prostratum Sea CelerySH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush

LNG

Phragmites australis Common ReedL

NGSchoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedge

MTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsM


MNG

Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

EVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMS Ulex europaeus Gorse high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high

low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tonguehigh low

LH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifoliumNarrow-leaf Clover high low

MH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Plantago major Greater Plantain high

low SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Cloverhigh low

LTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high


MTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high lowMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high lowSC Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Vetch high low




www.dse.vic.gov.au



EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank ShrublandDescription:Tall shrubland to 8 m tall above a ground layer of sedges and herbs. A sparse eucalypt overstorey to 15 m tall is present. Occurs along rivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky stream bed or broad gravel banks which are often dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum

Understorey: Lifeform #Spp %Cover LF CodeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium ShrubLarge Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-Tufted GraminoidMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber

2 10% T4 20% MS3 5% LH12 20% MH4 10% SH3 10% LTG3 10% LNG10 15% MTG5 10% MNG2 5% SC


EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank Shrubland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Melicytus dentatus s.l. Tree VioletLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Apium prostratum subsp. prostratum Sea CelerySH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedgeMTG Triglochin procera s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Calystegia sepium subsp. roseata Large Bindweed



Logs:10 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high high T Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn high high MS Ulex europaeus Gorse high highMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high low MH Plantago major Greater Plantain high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. Narrow-leaf Clover high low

angustifoliumMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high low


EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank Shrubland

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high low LH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high low SC Galium aparine Cleavers high lowMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low SC Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Vetch high low





www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub

Description:Near-coastal, deep calcareous (alkaline) and largely stable sand dunes and swales commonly dominated by Moonah Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata. It occurs at low elevations of 20-60 m above sea level, average annual rainfall is approximately 550-950 mm, and it occurs on a variety of geologies and soil types. Low woodland or tall shrubland to 8 m tall, typically with a medium shrub layer, small shrub layer and sedges, grasses and herbs in the ground layer.

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Moonah

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakLeptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-treeBursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet Bursaria

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Coast WattleMS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Acacia retinodes var. uncifolia Coast WirildaSS Hibbertia sericea s.l. Silky Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Comesperma volubile Love Creeper


EVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rhamnus alaternus Italian Buckthorn low high MS Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Catapodium rigidum Fern Grass high low MNG Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tail Grass high lowMNG Vulpia spp. Fescue high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 894: Scoria Cone Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non-eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall over a grassy to bracken-dominated understorey with a range of herbs. Occurs on the slopes of freely-draining scoria cones and spatter areas of more coarse boulder-forming flow sources. Soils are fertile but often skeletal.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp.Allocasuarina spp.

70 cm40 cm

15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus viminalisAllocasuarina verticillata

Manna GumDrooping Sheoak


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 20% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT



MS Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Rumex brownii Wiry DockLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Acaena echinata Sheep’s BurrMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Carex breviculmis Short-stem SedgeMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken


EVC 894: Scoria Cone Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha


high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low MTG Briza maximaLarge Quaking-grass high low

MTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland

Description:Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to high fertility, are well-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non- eucalypt shrubland to 8 m tall, with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common.+ eucalypt woodland o n l y components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise site condition score as required)


haTree Canopy Cover:

%cover15%


Common Name

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakAcacia mearnsii Black WattleBursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaEucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey: Life #Spp %Cover LF

codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub+ 3 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeMS r


Common NameFragrant Saltbush

MS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushLH Wahlenbergia communis s.l. Tufted BluebellMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Panicum effusum Hairy PanicGF Cheilanthes distans Bristly Cloak-fernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha+.5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Schinus molle Pepper Tree high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highSS Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high

high LH Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettucehigh low

LH Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low LH Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus Great Mullein high

high LH Echium plantagineum Paterson's Cursehigh high

LH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high low MH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high low MH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low SH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowSH Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high


MTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low MTG Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides False Hair-grass high www.dse.vic.gov.au



EVC 895_61: Treed Escarpment ShrublandDescription:Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to high fertility, are well-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non-eucalypt shrubland to 8 m tall, with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover15%



Acacia mearnsii Black WattleAllocasuarina verticillataBursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaEucalyptus viminalis subsp. viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey: Lifeform #Spp %Cover LF CodeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens 10% BLSoil Crust 10% S/C


EVC 895_61: Treed Escarpment Shrubland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Various spp.MS Melicytus dentatus s.l. Tree VioletMS r Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant SaltbushSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushLH Wahlenbergia communis s.l. Tufted BluebellMH Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grass LNG Various spp.MTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Panicum effusum Hairy PanicGF Cheilanthes distans Bristly Cloak-fernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed



Logs:15 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard high highSS Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highMTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high highSH Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant high high LH Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus Great Mullein high high MS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high high MTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high high LH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high high T Schinus molle Pepper Tree high highMH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high high LH Echium plantagineum Paterson's Curse high high LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high low LH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high low LNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high low LH Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low SC Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Vetch high low SH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high low MH Trifolium angustifolium var. Narrow-leaf Clover high low

angustifoliumMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low


EVC 895_61: Treed Escarpment Shrubland

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low MTG Pentaschistis airoides subsp. airoides False Hair-grass high low SH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high low SH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear high low

ChickweedLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high low MH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high low LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMH Lotus subbiflorus Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high low MTG Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high low





www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland

Description:Closed to open grassland to 1.5 m tall with occasional shrubs occurring on estuarine flats often associated with current or old beach berms or sand sheets that are occasionally inundated by high tides. Occupies areas on marginally higher ground inland from Coastal Saltmarsh.


codeMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall Herb 4 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover

85%

LF Code


Common NameCoast Saltbush

MS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-

heathLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteMH Samolus repens Creeping

BrookweedSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-mat

SH Hemichroa pentandra Trailing HemichroaLTG Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grassLTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedgeMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-

grassMTG Lachnagrostis billardierei ssp. billardierei Coast Blown-grassMNG Spinifex sericeus Hairy SpinifexMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-

grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge

Recruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:

10% Cover

Weediness: LF

Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact

MSLH LH MH MH MH MNG M

Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. moniliferaSonchus oleraceus Conyza albidaPolycarpon tetraphyllum Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis

BoneseedCommon Sow-thistle Tall FleabaneFour-leaved Allseed Cat's EarPimpernelRat's-tail Fescue

highhigh high high hig

highlow low low lo


EVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion







EVC 934: Brackish GrasslandDescription:Grassland or sedgeland occurring on silts in low-lying areas within brackish floodplains. Often occurs in association with Brackish Wetland.

Understorey: Lifeform Large Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted GraminoidMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid

#Spp %Cover LF Code1 1% LH3 5% MH5 5% SH2 20% LTG4 20% MTG1 10% MNG

Bryophytes/Lichens 10% BL

LF CodeLH

Species typical of at least part of EVC rangeSenecio glomeratus

Common NameAnnual Fireweed

MH Calocephalus lacteus Milky Beauty-headsMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Sebaea albidiflora White SebaeaSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Utricularia tenella Pink BladderwortLTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedgeLTG Gahnia trifida Coast Saw-sedgeLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Austrodanthonia geniculata Kneed Wallaby-grassMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grass





EVC 934: Brackish Grassland

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that:

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