Wilsons Promontory bioregion - Environment...Wilsons Promontory bioregion EVC 3: Damp Sands...

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland

Description:Restricted to near coastal localities on secondary or tertiary dunes behind Coastal Dune Scrub. Usually dominated by awoodland overstorey of Coast Banksia Banksia integrifolia to 15 m tall over a medium shrub layer. The understorey consists of anumber of herbs and sedges, including scramblers.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haBanksia spp. 50 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Banksia integrifolia ssp. integrifolia Coast Banksia

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMedium Shrub 3 30% MSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Myoporum insulare Common BoobiallaT Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Coast WattleMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushMS Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkMS Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-treeMS Monotoca elliptica s.l. Tree Broom-heathLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Senecio biserratus Jagged FireweedMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Apium prostratum ssp. prostratum Sea CeleryLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Lepidosperma gladiatum Coast Sword-sedgeMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedgeMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Tetragonia implexicoma Bower SpinachSC Galium australe Tangled Bedstraw

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004

© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004

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EVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.

Organic Litter:40 % cover

Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Senecio jacobaea Ragwort high lowLH Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layerrich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deepsandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils).

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. pryoriana Rough-barked Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 5 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 1 15% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Banksia integrifolia ssp. integrifolia Coast BanksiaMS Banksia serrata Saw BanksiaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgePS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Hibbertia acicularis Prickly Guinea-flowerMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle-headed Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland - Wilsons Promontorybioregion

Recruitment:Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal Grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highSTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high high



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 5: Coastal Sand Heathland

Description:An open or closed heathland occurring only on the most exposed coastal headlands exposed to extreme exposure to wind andsalt-spray. Often wind-striped patterns in the vegetation are typically evident.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeSmall Shrub 10 55% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 2 5% MH Small Herb 1 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 60%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameSS Alyxia buxifolia Sea BoxSS Exocarpos syrticola Coast BallartSS Correa alba White CorreaSS Kunzea ambigua White KunzeaLH Chrysocephalum apiculatum s.l. Common EverlastingMH Chrysocephalum baxteri White EverlastingMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMNG Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedge


Organic Litter:40% cover

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 5: Coastal Sand Heathland – Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 6: Sand Heathland

Description:Treeless heathland (or with scattered emergent mallee-form eucalypts and/or Banksias) occurring on deep infertile sands.Consists of a low, dense heathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species. Grasses and herbs are notablyabsent or infrequent.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 7 40% MSSmall Shrub 6 15% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaSS Xanthosia tridentata Hill XanthosiaSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathPS Xanthosia pusilla spp. agg. Heath XanthosiaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Platysace heterophylla Slender PlatysaceLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMTG Patersonia glabrata Leafy Purple-flagMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushMNG Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog-sedgeGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel










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EVC 6: Sand Heathland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 8: Wet Heathland

Description:A low, generally treeless heathland although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lower slopes, flats ordepressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by a range ofsedges, grasses and shrubs.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 5 50% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 20% MNGGround Fern 1 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Epacris obtusifolia Blunt-leaf HeathMS Sprengelia incarnata Pink Swamp-heathSS Epacris lanuginosa Woolly-style HeathLH Xyris operculata Tall Yellow-eyeMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus Button GrassLTG Baloskion tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Tassel Cord-rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMNG Leptocarpus tenax Slender Twine-rushMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushMNG Baumea tetragona Square Twig-sedgeMNG Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog-sedgeGF Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched Coral-fernGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 8: Wet Heathland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh

Description:Occurs on and immediately above marine and estuarine tidal flats and contains distinct floristic communities as bands or zonesin the same location, depending on the positioning of the various floristic communities in relation to the saline environment.Consists of a range of life forms including succulent herbs, low succulent shrubs, rushes and sedges.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 3 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 15% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Sclerostegia arbuscula Shrubby GlasswortSS Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-heathMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Limonium australe Yellow Sea-lavenderMH Hemichroa pentandra Trailing HemichroaSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flowerMNG Sporobolus virginicus Salt CouchMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMTG Juncus revolutus Creeping Rush










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 10: Estuarine Wetland

Description:Grows on anaerobic peat-rich muds on the edges of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediatesalinity conditions. Vegetation is determined by fluctuating salinity, which varies in time from occasionally fresh to brackish oroccasionally saline according to river flood and marine tide events. Dominated by graminoids and halophytic herbs and oftenfringed by a tall scrub layer of Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia at the landward edge.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 20% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SC

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Apium prostratum Sea CelerySH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Carpobrotus rossii KarkallaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLNG Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Sea RushMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grass

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years


Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high highMH Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 10: Estuarine Wetland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 11: Coastal Lagoon Wetland

Description:Occupies the margins of coastal freshwater lagoons that have formed behind the coastal dune barrier and the adjacent hills. Ithas several zones dependent upon water depth and persistence of inundation. Within the lagoon itself where exposure is rare,the vegetation is dominated by graminoids whereas on the lagoon margin a tall scrub layer is common.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 1 1% LH Medium Herb 2 5% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 40%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Eleocharis sphacelata Tall Spike-sedge

Recruitment:

Continuous









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 11: Coastal Lagoon Wetland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 12: Wet Swale Herbland

Description:Occupies seasonally inundated dune swales often forming between the coastal dune barrier and hinterland hills. Soils arepredominantly deep peats often with aeolian sand lenses where species typical of drier environments may grow. This EVCtypically consists of a range of amphibious rushes, sedges and herbs.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 1 1% LH Medium Herb 7 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 25% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GF Scrambler or Climber 2 1% SC Total understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Plantago lanceolata RibwortMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Asperula subsimplex Water WoodruffLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Eleocharis sphacelata Tall Spike-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMTG Isolepis fluitans Floating Club-sedgeMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Imperata cylindrica Blady GrassMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat GrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years


Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Prunella vulagaris Self-heal high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 12: Wet Swale Herbland – Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest

Description:Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity of species and lifeforms in each stratum. It grows on a wide variety ofgeology and soils but usually aeolian sand deposits on the plains.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 7 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 7 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 15% GFScrambler or Climber 3 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Hakea decurrens Bushy NeedlewoodMS Banksia spinulosa var. cunninghamii Hairpin BanksiaMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Hibbertia aspera s.l. Rough Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Diplarrena moraea Butterfly FlagMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 16: Lowland Forest - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

Description:A tall forest to 30 m tall along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gulliesleading into creeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by talleucalypts but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grassesand herbs.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum

Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 15% TMedium Shrub 8 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 3 15% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 18: Riparian Forest - Wilsons Promontory bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawSH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high low



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland

Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow orvirtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 4 mtall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poorexcept where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 7 25% MS Small Shrub 2 5% SS Prostrate Shrub 2 5% PS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 2 1% MH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GF Bryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Kunzea ambigua White KunzeaMS Callistemon pallidus Lemon BottlebrushMS Acacia stricta Hop WattleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeSS Hibbertia aspera s.l. Rough Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryLH Helichrysum leucopsideum Satin EverlastingLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flacccida Common Wood-rushMTG Diplarrena moraea White IrisMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMNG Deyeuxia rodwayi Tasman Bent-grassGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 29: Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level tomontane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses aswell as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 6 25% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 3 1% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 29: Damp Forest - Wilsons Promontory bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blue OliveberryT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Diplarrena moraea White IrisMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Gleichenia microphylla Scrambling Coral-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest

Description:Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sitesin gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent.Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubbyunderstorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash

Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 25% TMedium Shrub 3 15% MSMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGGround Fern 4 15% GFTree Fern 2 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Pittosporum bicolor BanyallaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Uncinia tenella Delicate Hook-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Rumohra adiantiformis Leathery Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 30: Wet Forest - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.




Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed non-eucalypt forest to 25 m tall. Occurs in high rainfall areas protected from fire within Wet Forest. The understoreycharacterised by tree ferns and a rich epiphytic flora. The ground layer is dominated by a diversity of ground ferns.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haNothofagus/Atherosperma 70 cm 20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Nothofagus cunninghamii Myrtle Beech

Atherosperma moschatum Southern SassafrasAcacia melanoxylon Blackwood

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHGround Fern 6 15% GFTree Fern 3 40% TRFEpiphyte 5 5% EPScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum Mother SpleenwortGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF R v Cyathea cunninghamii Slender Tree-fernTRF v Cyathea X marcescens Skirted Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Rumohra adiantiformis Leathery Shield-fernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 25 m tall occurring along small streams and narrow coastal fringes associated with lakes and estuaries.Dominated by a range of non-eucalypt canopy species above an understorey of smaller trees and shrubs and usually visuallydominated by ferns and climbers.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haVarious spp. 70 cm 20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood

Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGGround Fern 5 20% GFTree Fern 3 30% TRFEpiphyte 6 5% EPScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMNG Uncinia tenella Delicate Hook-sedgeGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF R v Cyathea cunninghamii Slender Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Rumohra adiantiformis Leathery Shield-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Microsorum scandens Fragrant FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest -Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on ridges and drier northerly and westerly slopes in association with Damp Forest (on sheltered slopes) on moderatelyfertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understoreycharacterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoidsand herbs in the ground stratum.



Eucalyptus baxteri Brown Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 25% TMedium Shrub 7 35% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSMedium Herb 2 1% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Zieria arborescens StinkwoodT Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blue OliveberryMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Narrow-leaf WattleMS Banksia spinulosa var. cunninghamii Hairpin BanksiaSS Hibbertia aspera s.l. Rough Guinea-flowerSS Bauera rubioides Wiry BaueraMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 48: Heathy Woodland

Description:Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian oroutwash) and is most extensively developed on recent Quaternary deposits. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tallgenerally lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs exceptwhere frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but theground cover is normally fairly sparse.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 6 40% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 2 1% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Character Species Common NameT Banksia serrata Saw BanksiaMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Hibbertia acicularis Prickly Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Burchardia umbellata MilkmaidsLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenEP Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 48: Heathy Woodland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.




Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 53: Swamp Scrub

Description:Closed scrub to 8 m tall at low elevations on alluvial deposits along streams or on poorly drained sites with higher nutrientavailability. The EVC is dominated by Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia (or sometimes Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermumlanigerum) which often forms a dense thicket, out-competing other species. Occasional emergent eucalypts may be present.Where light penetrates to ground level, a moss/lichen/liverwort or herbaceous ground cover is often present. Dry variants havea grassy/herbaceous ground layer.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name50% Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree

Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp Paperbark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 2 10% MS Small Shrub 2 1% SS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 3 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GF Scrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeLH Lycopus australis Australian GipsywortLH Lythrum salicaria Purple LoosestrifeLH Persicaria praetermissa Spotted KnotweedMH Hydrocotyle pterocarpa Wing PennywortMH Stellaria angustifolia Swamp StarwortMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment February 2005






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 53: Swamp Scrub – Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland

Description:Mainly restricted to exposed north-east to north-west facing granite rocky outcrops and structurally consists of a low woodlandto 10 m high with the dominant trees often being stunted.



Eucalyptus baxteri s.l. Brown Stringybark r Eucalyptus willisii ssp. willisii Promontory Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 10 30% MSSmall Shrub 6 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Correa reflexa Common CorreaMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushSS Xanthosia tridentata Hill XanthosiaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Xanthosia pusilla spp. agg. Heath XanthosiaMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMTG Diplarrena moraea White IrisMTG Patersonia glabrata Leafy Purple-flagGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernEP Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.




Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 136: Sedge Wetland

Description:Occupies seasonal wetlands and consists of generally treeless vegetation dominated by sedges. May contain a fringe of shrubsand isolated shrubs may also be present throughout. Usually of low diversity in central areas, but richer on verges and in somemore ephemeral forms of the EVC. Frequently on soils of high organic content, in depressions within sandy terrain.

Life form:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 5% MSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 30% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Allocasuarina misera/paradoxa Slender/Green SheoakLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Utricularia australis Yellow BladderwortMH Goodenia humilis Swamp GoodeniaMH Centella cordifolia CentellaLTG Baumea articulata Jointed Twig-sedgeLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMNG Lepyrodia muelleri Common Scale-rushMNG Isolepis fluitans Floating Club-sedge

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.



Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 136: Sedge Wetland – Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland

Description:Shrubland to 2 m tall. Confined to protected low energy coastal environments where there is sufficient shelter from strong waveaction and currents to allow the accumulation of fine sediments, generally on mud flats within the tidal zone.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 40% MSMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 25%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Avicennia marina ssp. australasica White MangroveMNG Zostera muelleri Dwarf Grass-wrack









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland – Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 154: Bird Colony Shrubland

Description:A shrubland dominated by Australian Hollyhock Malva australiana s.l. and confined to topographically protected granitic slopeson the islands to the south and west of Wilsons Promontory and the Seal Island group. The loamy sands are subject to intenseseasonal trampling and tunnelling by large colonies of sea bird breeding colonies.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 20% SS Large Herb 3 15% MH

Total understorey projective foliage cover 35%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oakMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushMS Ozothamnus argophyllus Spicy EverlastingLH Malva australiana s.l. Australian HollyhockLH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White Elderberry



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved Allseed high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 154: Bird Colony Shrubland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub

Description:Scrub or low shrubland to 2 m tall on steep, rocky coastal headlands often associated with cliffs exposed to the stresses ofextreme salt-laden winds and salt spray from the south west.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 25% TMedium Shrub 7 50% MS Small Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 2 5% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oakT Acacia retinodes WirildaMS Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-treeMS Kunzea ambigua White KunzeaMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Exocarpos syrticola Coast BalllartLH Pelargonium australe Austral Stork’s-billSH Carpobrotus rossii KarkallaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium Grass Trigger-plantMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMTG Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilySC Tetragonia implexicoma Bower Spinach










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub – Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland

Description:A tussock grassland that may contain emergent shrubs. Occurs on exposed coastal cliffs and bluffs. Soils are saline and thestrong salt-laden winds preclude tree growth.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Correa alba White CorreaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffMH Daucus glochidiatus Austral CarrotSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matLTG Gahnia trifida Coast Saw-sedgeLTG Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grassLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma gladiatum Coast Sword-sedgeMNG Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedge



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland – Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 191: Riparian Scrub

Description:A dense shrubland to 5 m tall growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts maybe occasionally present. The understorey is often species-poor and consists typically of sedges tolerant of seasonalwaterlogging. Occurs along creeks and minor stream tributaries of the lowland plains.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 50% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 3 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 30% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaPS Xanthosia pusilla spp. agg. Heath XanthosiaLH Stackhousia viminea Slender StackhousiaMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaMH Laxmannia orientalis Dwarf Wire-lilyMH Gratiola peruviana Austral BrooklimeLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLTG Baloskion tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Tassel Cord-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Patersonia fragilis Short Purple-flagMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog-sedgeMNG Eleocharis gracilis Slender Spike-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Schizaea fistulosa Narrow Comb-fernGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Gleichenia microphylla Scrambling Coral-fernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 191: Riparian Scrub - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply).




Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 192: Montane Rocky Shrubland

Description:Treeless or sparsely treed shrubland of the windswept rocky summits of the highest granitic peaks of Wilsons Promontory.When present, trees are often stunted and low-growing and may form part of the dominant shrub layer.

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 30% MSMedium Herb 1 1% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 5% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Monotoca elliptica s.l. Tree Broom-heathMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS k Olearia stellulata Starry Daisy-bushMH v Huperzia varia Long ClubmossLTG v Gahnia grandis Brickmakers' SedgeLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Libertia pulchella Pretty Grass-flagMNG Uncinia tenella Delicate Hook-sedgeGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum Mother SpleenwortTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Hymenophyllum australe Austral Filmy Fern










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 192: Montane Rocky Shrubland - Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 310: Wet Rocky Outcrop Scrub

Description:A treeless scrub with occasional emergent eucalypts that occurs below Montane Rocky Shrubland on rocky crests andassociated slopes developed on Devonian granite.

Lifeforms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 30% MS Small Shrub 2 10% SSMedium Herb 4 10% MH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GF Epiphyte 2 5% EP Bryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT r Banksia saxicola Rock BanksiaMS k Olearia stellulata Starry Daisy-bushMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS r Monotoca glauca Currant-woodSS r Hibbertia hirticalyx Bass Guinea-flowerMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH v Huperzia varia Long ClubmossMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortSH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMNG Deyeuxia rodwayi Tasman Bent-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo Fern










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 310: Wet Rocky Outcrop Scrub -Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub (syn. Calcarenite Dune Woodland)

Description:Near-coastal, deep calcareous (alkaline) sand dunes and swales, and commonly on the landward side of primary dunes. Itoccurs at low elevations of 20-60 m above sea level, average annual rainfall is approximately 550-950 mm, and it occurs on avariety of geologies and soil types. Low woodland or tall shrubland to 10 m tall, typically with a medium shrub layer, smallshrub layer and sedges, grasses and herbs in the ground layer.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak

Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-treeBursaria spinosa ssp. macrophylla Sweet Bursaria

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 4 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Coast WattleMS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Acacia retinodes var. uncifolia Coast WirildaMS Pomaderris oraria ssp. oraria Bassian PomaderrisSS Hibbertia sericea s.l. Silky Guinea-flowerSS Pimelea serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf Rice-flowerSS Adriana quardipartita (pubescent form) Coast Bitter-bushLH Pelargonium australe Austral Stork’s-billMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Parietaria debilis s.l. Shade PellitorySH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Coast Blown-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Comesperma volubile Love Creeper







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EVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub (syn. Calcarenite Dune Woodland) –Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Hypochoeris spp. Cat's Ear high lowMTG Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldt-grass high highMTG Catapodium rigidum Fern Grass high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowSC Myrsiphyllum asparagoides Smilax Asparagus high high



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 875: Blocked Coastal Stream Swamp

Description:Margins of coastal streams that are consistently flooded for long periods where the entrances become plugged by sand duringlow flow periods. The blockage is breached during floods, briefly exposing the wetlands before the mouth silts up and thedammed river overflows, flooding the habitat of this EVC. Soils are peats derived from Quaternary swamp and lagoonaldeposits. Elevation is near sea level and average annual rainfall is 900 mm.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 10% LHMedium Herb 1 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 55% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%

LF Code Speices typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Euphrasia collina Purple EyebrightLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Fairies' ApronsMH Drosera binata Forked SundewMH Cardamine gunnii s.l. Common Bitter-cressSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortLNG r Cladium procerum Leafy Twig-sedgeLNG Typha domingensis Narrow-leaf CumbungiMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMTG r Lachnagrostis rudis Ruddy Blown-grassMTG Isolepis platycarpa Broad-fruit Club-sedgeMTG Juncus caespiticius Grassy RushMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Schoenus nitens Shiny Bog-sedgeMNG Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedge

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.









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EVC 875: Blocked Coastal Stream Swamp -Wilsons Promontory bioregion



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 876: Spray-zone Coastal Shrubland

Description:A wind-pruned salt-affected open shrubland usually less than 1 m tall (with occasional emergent taller shrubs) that occurs onthe most exposed coastal areas subject to salt-spray and run-off at the crest of sea cliffs. This EVC usually occurs inassociation with taller Coastal Headland Scrub (EVC 161).

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 4 30% SSMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCSoil Crust na 20% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Olearia axillaris Coast Daisy-BushMS Alyxia buxifolia Sea BoxSS Leucophyta brownii Cushion BushSS Ozothamnus turbinatus Coast EverlastingSS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushSS Correa alba White CorreaMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Senecio piannatifolius Toothed GroundselMH Actites megalocarpa Coast Sow-thistleSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerSH Carpobrotus rossii KarkallaSH Calandrinia calyptrata Pink PurslaneLTG Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grassLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeMTG Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Coast Blown-grassMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma gladiatum Coast Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella brevicaulis Small-flower Flax-lilySC Tetragonia implexicoma Bower Spinach









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EVC 876: Spray-zone Coastal Shrubland –Wilsons Promontory bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact

LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LNG Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu high high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob high high MS Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed high high MS Polygala myrtifolia var. myrtifolia Myrtle-leaf Milkwort high high MS Coprosma repens Mirror Bush high high MS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high high MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high high SC Delairea odorata Cape Ivy high high



Wilsons Promontory bioregionEVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland

Description:Closed to open grassland to 1.5 m tall with occasional shrubs occurring on estuarine flats often associated with current or oldbeach berms or sand sheets that are occasionally inundated by high tides. Occupies areas on marginally higher ground inlandfrom Coastal Saltmarsh.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall Herb 4 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Atriplex cinerea Coast SaltbushMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-heathLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Hemichroa pentandra Trailing HemichroaLTG Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grassLTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedgeMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Lachnagrostis billardierei ssp. billardierei Coast Blown-grassMNG Spinifex sericeus Hairy SpinifexMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge


Organic Litter:10% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Boneseed high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Conyza albida Tall Fleabane high lowMH Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved Allseed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tail Grass high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland –Wilsons Promontory bioregion

Wilsons Promontory bioregion - Environment...Wilsons Promontory bioregion EVC 3: Damp Sands...

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