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Emotion, Stress and Health Chapter 12 Slide 2 EmotionsStress of LivingHealth PsychologyRecapping Main Points Chapter 12 Preview Slide 3 Emotion Complex pattern of changes made in response to situation perceived to be personally significant What are Emotions? Slide 4 Are some emotional responses innate? Are emotional expressions universal? How does culture constrain emotional expression? Silvan Tomkins Pervasive role of immediate, unlearned affective emotions Paul Ekman All people share overlap in facial language Wolof people of Senegal Mbengolkre of Central Brazil Norms for facial displays for pain Emotions and Culture Slide 5 Judgments of Emotional Expressions Slide 6 Theories of Emotion The Physiology of Emotion Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System HypothalamusLimbic SystemAmygdala Cerebral cortex Slide 7 Theories of Emotion James-Lange Theory of body reaction Peripheral-feedback theory stating that eliciting stimulus triggers behavioral response Slide 8 James-Lange Theory of Emotion Slide 9 Theories of Emotion Cannon-Bard Theory Emotional stimulus produces two co-occurring reactions: arousal and emotion Slide 10 Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion Slide 11 Theories of Emotion Cognitive Appraisal Theory Joint effect of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal Slide 12 Cognitive-Appraisal Theory of Emotion Slide 13 Impact of Mood and Emotions Emotion Regulation Processes through which people change intensity and duration of experienced emotions Slide 14 Subjective Well-Being Subjective well- being Overall evaluation of life satisfaction and happiness Positive psychology Applies research to provide people with knowledge and skills that allow them to experience fulfilling lives Slide 15 Psychology in Your Life Can you accurately predict your future emotions? Can you think of any reasons why it might be useful to do this? Look at the information on page 333 of your text for more ideas. Slide 16 Stress of Living Stress Pattern of specific and non- specific responses that disturb equilibrium Stressors Stimulus event that places demand on organism for some kind of adaptive response Slide 17 A Model of Stress Slide 18 Physiological Stress Reactions Acute Stress Clear onset and offset patterns Chronic Stress Continuous state of arousal Demands are greater than are available resources Slide 19 Emergency Reaction to Acute Stress Fight-or-Flight Response Prepares the body for combat and struggle or for running away to safety Tend-and-Befriend Response Shelly Taylor Females protect offspring and join social groups Slide 20 Bodys Response to Stress Slide 21 Emergency Reaction to Chronic Stress General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Han Selye: Three-stage response Alarm reaction Resistance Exhaustion Slide 22 The General Adaptation Syndrome Slide 23 Psychological Stress Reactions Major Life Events Catastrophic and Traumatic Events Chronic Stressors Daily Hassles Slide 24 Life-Change Units for Some Major Life Events Slide 25 Coping with Stress Coping Process of dealing with internal or external demands perceived as straining Slide 26 Coping with Stress Appraisal of Stress Cognitive appraisal Primary and secondary appraisal Stress moderator variables Slide 27 Coping with Stress Types of Coping Responses Anticipatory coping Problem- directed coping controllable stressors Emotion- focused coping uncontrolla ble stressors Slide 28 Coping with Stress Modifying Cognitive Strategies ReappraisingRestructuring Stress Inoculation Perceived Control Slide 29 Coping with Stress Social Support as Coping Resource Socioemotional support Tangible support Informational support Slide 30 Matches and Mismatches for Social Support Slide 31 Positive Effects of Stress Goal to provide people with knowledge and skills that allow them to experience fulfilling lives Benefit finding Posttraumatic growth Positive Psychology Slide 32 Biopsychosocial Models of Health General condition of body and mind in terms of soundness and vigor Health Slide 33 Ways people stay healthy Reasons they become ill Ways they respond when they become ill Field of Health Psychology Health Psychology Slide 34 Biopsychosocial Model of Health Traditional Health Practices Biopsychosocial Model Wellness Slide 35 Health Promotion General strategies and specific tasks to eliminate or reduce risk that people will get sick Slide 36 Health Promotion Smoking Stages of Quitting PrecontemplationContemplationPreparationActionMaintenance Slide 37 Critical Thinking in Your Life Can health psychology help you get more exercise? Do you think some of the stages presented on page 349 of your text can help you overcome unhealthy behaviors? Slide 38 Health Promotion HIV and AIDS HIV AIDS Virus that attacks white blood cells in human blood and causes immune system damage Virus that damages immune system and weakens bodys ability to fight infection Slide 39 Health Promotion AIDS Interventions Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Slide 40 Patient Adherence Harnessing mind to heal body Psychoneuroimmunology Psychological impact on health outcomes Treatment Slide 41 Psychoneuroimmunology Investigation of interactions between psychological processes and functions of immune system Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen Slide 42 Type B Behavior Pattern Less competitive, less hostile, and so on Type A Behavior Pattern Competition, aggression, impatience, hostility Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Personality and Health Slide 43 Job Burnout Emotional exhaustion Depersonalization Reduced personal accomplishments Job Burnout and the Healthcare System Slide 44 A Toast to Your Health Never say bad thing about yourself Gauge appropriateness of your response against suitable social norms Have several close friends Develop a sense of balanced time perspective Take full credit for your successes and happiness Remove yourself from the situation when you feel you are losing control See failure and disappointments as opportunities Seek professional help when needed Cultivate healthy pleasures Nine year-round resolutions Slide 45 Recapping Chapter 12 Main Points Basic Emotions and Culture Theories of Emotion Functions of Emotion Emotions Physiological Stress Reactions Psychological Stress Reactions Coping with Stress Positive Effects of Stress Stress and Living Slide 46 Recapping Chapter 12 Main Points Biopsychosocial Model of Health Health Promotion Treatment Personality and Health Job Burnout and the Health-Care System A Toast to Your Health Health Psychology