Edward A. Fox fox@vt fox.cs.vt CS DLRL Internet TIC

University Electronic Publishing through

Digital Libraries:Courseware, Theses and Dissertations

ICSEP - Valparaiso, Chile, 1 Oct 2002

Edward A. [email protected] http://fox.cs.vt.edu

CS DLRL Internet TICNDLTD CITIDEL NSDL …Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Acknowledgements (Selected)

• Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, NSF (Grants CDA-9312611; DUE-0121741, 0136690, 0121679; IIS-0080748, 0086227, 0002935, and 9986089), OCLC, SOLINET, UNESCO, US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE), VTLS, …

• Faculty/Staff (now): Boots Cassel, Debra Dudley, Lee Giles, Rex Hartson, John Impagliazzo, Deborah Knox, JAN Lee, Kurt Maly, Gail McMillan, Manuel Perez, Muhammad Zubair, …

• Students: Fernando Das Neves, Marcos Goncalves, Paul Mather, Ryan Richardson, Priya Shivakumar, Hussein Suleman, Wensi Xi, …

• UNESCO Analytical Survey: Leonid Kalinichenko

Main Message

• Digital libraries can help advance education.

• Chile is invited to engage in NSDL, CITIDEL, NDLTD, and other ventures.

• UNESCO Analytical Survey on Digital Libraries in Education is recommending DLE in each nation.

• Local and national support can• stimulate activities, including collaboration• promote a sharing culture, especially in research and teaching• leverage others’ investments (networking, computing, …)• encourage / facilitate learning, innovation and problem solving

Outline

• DL Introduction

• Concept Maps

• Case Study: NDLTD

• Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL

• Case Study: NSDL

• Conclusions

Libraries of the FutureJCR Licklider, 1965, MIT Press

World

Nation

State

City

Community

Digital LibrariesShorten the Chain from

Editor

Publisher

A&I

Consolidator

Library

Reviewer

DLs Shorten the Chain to

Author

Reader

Digital

LibraryEditor

Reviewer

Teacher

Learner

Librarian

Metadata vs. Data

• Data refers to digital objects or digital representations of objects

• Metadata is information about the objects (e.g. title, author, etc.): descriptive, interpretive, administrative, …

• Many digital library efforts, including the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), focus on metadata, with the implicit understanding that metadata usually contains useful links to the source digital objects

• Purists would argue metadata is just data

Outline

• DL Introduction

• Concept Maps




• Conclusions

Advancing Education

CommunityBuilding

DigitalLibraries

EducationalResources

Sharing

through

supported by

Community Building

example

NSDL NDLTD

example

CITIDEL

thru

ETD2003

(Berlin)

TrainingTrainers

using

ETD GuideNational Projects (e.g,

Australia, Germany, India, …)

thru

Manage-ment (see

later)

Advancing Education

CommunityBuilding

DigitalLibraries


Sharing

through

supported by

Sharing Examples

byresearchers

byteachers

bystudents

acrossroles

TechReports

NCSTRL(ComputerScience)

Reviews

Courseware (recalldiagram)

ETDs

Portfoliosexample

Advancing Education

CommunityBuilding

DigitalLibraries


Sharing

through

supported by

Educational Resource Benefits – 1/2More

resourcesthru Better

resources

WWW

Accessible

Affordable

Rewarded QualityControl

Fittingto

studentneeds

Digital

thru

because thru

Universaleduc. DL

FocusedDLs

from

thru

thru

thru

Buyersclub

OpenSource

Automation

Awards

Publicationcredit

DL tools

…

Educational Resource Benefits – 2/2More

resourcesthru Better

resources

Accessible Rewarded

QualityControl

Fittingto

studentneeds

Digital

because thru

thru

DL tools

Affordable

CompositionSmaller Malleability

InteractivityPersonalization

Students select

Easier to reuse

makes

thru

supports

…

Outline

• DL Introduction

• Concept Maps




• Conclusions

A Digital Library Case Study

• Domain: graduate education, research

• Genre:ETDs=electronic theses & dissertations

• Submission: http://etd.vt.edu

• Collection: http://www.theses.org

Project: Networked Digital

Library of Theses & Dissertations

(NDLTD) http://www.ndltd.org

The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations

www.NDLTD.org

Leader of the Worldwide ETD(Electronic Thesis and Dissertation) Initiative

Training AuthorsExpanding Access

Preserving KnowledgeImproving Graduate Education

Enhancing Scholarly CommunicationEmpowering Students & Universities

GradProgram

IT Ed.(Tech)Library

NDLTD

Key Ideas: Networked infrastructure

Scalability

Education is the rationale

University collaboration

Workflow, automation

Authors must submitMaximalAccess

PDF, SGML, MM,MARC, DC, URNs,Federated search

Standards

8th graders vs. grads

What led to today’s meeting?• 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, …• 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10

universities with 3 reps each• 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library

(regional, US Southeast): SURA, SOLINET• 1994 mtg at VT: std: PDF + SGML + multimedia objects• 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE)• 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, ...• 1998 – 1st symposium – Memphis (20)• 1999 – 2nd symposium – Blacksburg (70)• 2000 – 3rd symposium – St. Petersburg (225)• 2001 – 4th symposium – Caltech (200)• 2002 – 5th symposium–BYU; 2003–Berlin; 2004–Kentucky

What are the long term goals?

• 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are exposed / involved

• 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into electronic portfolios (images, video, audio, …)

• Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: literature reviews, bibliographies, …

• Services providing lifelong access for students: browse, search, prior searches, citation links

• Hundreds/thousands of downloads / year / work

Convene Local Planning Group

ETD

Build Local ETD Site

Digital Library

Policies

Inspection/Approval

Workshop/Training

ETD

ETD

NDLTD

Computer Resources

Research

Literature

Student Prepares Thesis/Dissertation

Student Defends & Finalizes ETD

My Thesis

ETD

Student Gets CommitteeSignatures and Submits ETD

Signed

Grad School

Graduate School Approves ETD, Student is Graduated

Ph.D.

Library Catalogs ETD, Access isOpened to the New Research

WWW

NDLTD

National / Regional Projects• Australia

• U. New South Wales (lead)• U. of Melbourne• U. of Queensland• U. of Sydney• Australian National U.• Curtin U. of Technology• Griffith U.

• Germany• Humboldt University (lead)

• 3 other universities

• 5 learned societies: Math, Physics, Chemistry, Sociology, Education

• 1 computing center

• 2 major libraries

• OhioLINK: 79 colleges/univs• Consorci de Biblioteques

Universitàries de Catalunya, as group, www.cbuc.es: 9 sites

• India• Korea• Brazil• UK (British Library, JISC,

Edinburgh)• UNESCO (especially Latin

America, Eastern Europe, Africa)

Some Countries

• Australia• Belgium• Brazil• Canada• China, Hong Kong• Columbia• Finland• France• Germany• India (Hyderabad)• Italy• Korea• Mexico

• Netherland• Norway• Russia• Singapore• S. Africa (Rhodes U.)• S. Korea• Spain• Sudan• Sweden• Taiwan• UK• USA

Institutional Members• British Library• Cinemedia• Coalition for Networked Information (CNI)• Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC)• Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya• Diplomica.com• Dissertation.com• Dissertationen Online (Germany)• ETDweb, a Division of Answer4.com• Ibero-American Science & Technology Education Consortium (ISTEC)• National Documentation Centre (NDC), Greece• National Library of Portugal (for all universities)• OCLC Online Computer Library Center• OhioLINK• Organization of American States (SEDI/OAS)• Southeastern Library Network (SOLINET)• UNESCO (www.unesco.org/webworld/etd)

Access Possibilities

Websearchengines

librarycatalogclients

www.theses.org

www.openarchives.org

3rd

PartyServices(e.g.,UMI)

VirginiaTech

NationalLibrary ofPortugal

CBUC(Spain)

OhioLink

MIT NationalProjects:AU, GE, …

Example Architecture (NDLTD)

Humboldt

Duisburg

MIT Filter

MIT

Browse

Union Catalog

Search Recent

User Interface

User Interface

OAI/ODL archive

OAI/ODL protocol

leg

end

Virginia Tech

PhysNet

CalTech

Dresden

ODL Demonstration - FrontPage

ODL Demonstration - Search

ODL Demonstration - Browse

Complex to Simple

MARC ($50) Dublin Core (DC)

+thesis

ETD-MS

• ETD Metadata Standard• XML-encoded metadata standard

(content and encoding) for Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

• in part conforming to Dublin Core (DC)

• using UNICODE

• (optionally / later using RDF)

• Well specified relationship with MARC

NDLTD Members and ETD-MS

• NDLTD members will• Share metadata for their ETDs

• Providing that in either ETD-MS

• Or if they use a version of MARC locally, work to have that eventually shared in either MARC21 or UNIMARC

• Run OAI, either locally or in consortia, so their metadata can be harvested, according to necessary terms and conditions

Some recent additions

• ETD individuals support• http://etdindividuals.dlib.vt.edu:9090

• ETD discussion (e-prints)• http://ndltdpapers.dlib.vt.edu:9090

• Conference papers and presentations• http://www.ndltd.org/WVUproc.htm

• Marcel Dekker book in publication

What are plans at VT?

• LOCKSS welcomed us• Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe

• MARIAN: harvest, crawl/scrape, fed search• Metadata crosswalks and format converters• XML schema for ETDs• Open Digital Libraries: easy to add

services!• http://oai.dlib.vt.edu/odl

Union catalog? (OCLC)

• OCLC will expand the OAI data provider on TDs

• Will get data from WorldCat

• Will harvest from all who contact them

• Need DC and either ETD-MS or MARC

• Will have a set for ETDs

Union catalog? (VTLS, VT)

• VTLS will enhance search/browse service for ETDs• Will harvest from OCLC’s set of ETD records• Will receive through other mechanisms, too• Will work with MARC-21 and ETD-MS

• VT will continue to offer experimental services

NUDL (www.nudl.org)Int’l Research Support

• Networked University Digital Library• Partners: Germany, Mexico (Puebla and

Monterrey), Brazil• Problems: Multilingual search, high

performance DLs, requirements/usability, …

• Start with ETDs, then expand to other student works, portfolios, data sets, (CS) courseware, ...

Outline

• DL Introduction

• Concept Maps




• Conclusions

CS Teaching Center (CSTC)

• Instead of building large, expensive multimedia packages, that become obsolete and are difficult to re-use, concentrate on small knowledge units.

• Learners benefit from having well-crafted modules that have been reviewed and tested.

• Use digital libraries to build a powerful base of support for learners, upon which a variety of courses, self-study tutorials & reference resources can be built.

JERIC

• JJournal of EEducational RResources iin CComputing

• Accessible from www.cstc.org and www.acm.org

• ACM and SIGCSE support

• Refereed and interactive

• Part of ACM Digital Library

http://www.cstc.org/

www.CITIDEL.org• Computing and Information Technology Interactive

Digital Education Library, an NSDL Collection Track project

• Led by Virginia Tech, with co-PIs:• Fox (director, DL systems)• Lee (history)• Perez (user interface, Spanish support)

• Partners• College of New Jersey (Knox)• Hofstra (Impagliazzo)• Villanova (Cassel)• Penn State (Giles)

Summary of Spring 2001 Survey of CITIDEL-related Collections

and their Sizes

Size of Collection

1-5 items

6-100 items

101-999items

+1000items

Number ofCollectionsIdentified

100-300 50 20-35 10-25

CITIDEL Collection Sources

metadata

JERIC

fulltext

Experts’finding

aids

IEEE-CS…

include

CSTC ResearchIndex

ACM

NEC’sdata

dataprocessedw. R.I.

SIGCSEproceedings

ACMDL

include

include

include

include

include

Borner’sinfo vizsoftware

repository

NCSTRL

CITIDEL Collection Buildingthru

aided by

after

using

or thru

using

Submitting

VIADUCTGetSmart

Searching,Browsing

Classifying

Nominating

Crawling

Crawlifier

thru

Composing

include afterCreating

include after

DIGITAL LIBRARY SERVICES

REPOSITORIES

USER PORTALS

Overview of CITIDEL architecture

Union Metadata Repository

OAI Data

Provider

Laboratories Repository

Applets Repository

Papers Repository

Syllabi Repository

. . .

Digital Library Services

OAI Data

Harvester

Distributed repository structure

Annotations

OAI Data

Harvester

EDUCATORS

ADMINISTRATORS LEARNERS

Multilingual Searching

Revising Annotating Filtering Browsing Administering

Filtering Profiles User Profiles

Union Metadata

OAI Data

Provider

Remote and Peer Digital Libraries (eg. NSDL -CIS)

PORTALS

SERVICES

REPOSITORIES

Digital library architecture for localand interoperable CITIDEL services

Outline

• DL Introduction

• Concept Maps




• Conclusions

NSDL Information ArchitectureEssentially as developed by the Technical Infrastructure Workgroup

referenceditems &

collections

referenceditems &

collections

Special Databases

NSDLServicesNSDL

ServicesOther NSDLServices

CI Services

annotation

CI Services

discussion

CI Services

personalization

CI Services

authentication

CI Services

browsing

Core Services:information retrieval

Core Collection-Building Services

harvesting

Core Collection-Building Services

protocols

Core Services:metadata gathering

Portals &ClientsPortals &

ClientsPortals &Clients

Usage Enhancement

Collection Building

User Interfaces

NSDLCollections

NSDLCollections

NSDLCollections

CoreNSDL“Bus”

GoalCore Integration Track

(FY00 pilots, FY01 full)Collections TrackServices TrackTargeted Research Track

NSDL

operational

Dec. 2002

NSDL Tracksinclude

CI (CoreIntegration)

ServicesCollections

Research

CITIDEL GetSmart

ConceptMaps

include include

supports

NSDL Management

are

guides

includes

StandingCommittees

CI (CoreIntegration)

TaskForces

PolicyCommittee

NationalVisiting

Committee

NSFStaff

CommunityServices

Technology

Sustainability

EducationalImpact

Content

NSDL Serving Usersthru

Organization

Labeling

Student

Teacher

Administrator

Librarian

Curricula

Shared

IntellectualProperty

EconomicsCommunity

CommercialMetadata

Funding:Initiating,

Leveraging

Volunteering:Leaders ofInnovation

part

thru

partpart

TopicalCategories

CommunityDiscussion

ExpertSelection

Outline

• DL Introduction

• Concept Maps




• Conclusions

Selected Links• CITIDEL

• www.citidel.org

• NDLTD• www.ndltd.org

• NSDL• www.nsdl.org

• Virginia Tech Digital Library Courseware• http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~dlib

• Virginia Tech Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL)• http://www.dlib.vt.edu• (5S, 5SL, AmericanSouth.Org, CSTC, ENVISION, MARIAN,

NDLTD, NSDL, OAI, ODL)

Advancing Education

CommunityBuilding

DigitalLibraries


Sharing

through

supported by

Conclusions

• Digital libraries can help advance education.

• Chile is invited to engage in NSDL, CITIDEL, NDLTD, and other ventures.

• UNESCO Analytical Survey on Digital Libraries in Education is recommending DLE in each nation.

• Local and national support can• stimulate activities, including collaboration• promote a sharing culture, especially in research and teaching• leverage others’ investments (networking, computing, …)• encourage / facilitate learning, innovation and problem solving

Edward A. Fox fox@vt fox.cs.vt CS DLRL Internet TIC

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