EDITION 2017 ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX · ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES 1...

ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEXCOMMISSIONED BY THE ICC WORLD TRADE AGENDA

4TH EDITION 2017

ECONOMY PROFILES

© 2017, INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)

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Support for this report was provided by World Trade Agenda, an ICC initiative in partnership with Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

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International Chamber of Commerce33-43 avenue du Président Wilson, 75116 Paris, Francewww.iccwbo.org @iccwbo

ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEXCOMMISSIONED BY THE ICC WORLD TRADE AGENDA

4TH EDITION 2017

The methodology of this report was prepared for ICC by K. Michael Finger, international economist and 30-year veteran of the GATT/WTO research division. Mr Finger is currently an independent consultant and author.

ECONOMY PROFILES

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ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES

1 | INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC)

ALGERIA

Overall, Algeria ranked 67th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Algeria performed in the mid-range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed poorly.

PERFORMANCE BY COMPONENT

Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Algeria scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Algeria scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Algeria scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1.1 - Trade to GDPratio (2013-15)

1.2 - Merchandiseand services imports

per capita (2015)

1.3 - Compoundgrowth of

merchandise imports(Vol.)(2005-15)

Sco

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)

Algeria - Trade Openness

Algeria - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2.1.A - AppliedMFN tariffs for

agriculturalproducts (2015)

2.1.B - AppliedMFN tariffs for

non-agriculturalproducts (2015)

2.1.C -Effectively

applied tariffs(including pref.rates)(2015)

2.2.A - Tariffbinding

coverage (2015)

2.2.B - Share ofduty-free tarifflines (2015)

2.2.C - Share oftariff peaks

(2015)

2.3.A -Initiations ofanti-dumpinginvestigations

(2013-15)

2.3.B - Anti-dumpingmeasures

applied (2013-15)

2.4.A - Numberof documentsrequired for

imports (2015)

2.4.B - Numberof days to

import (2015)

2.4.C - Cost ofimporting (2015)

Sco

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6 m

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1 l

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)

Algeria - Trade Policy

Algeria - Trade Policy Average economy performance

ECONOMY PROFILES ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC) | 2

Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Algeria's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Algeria achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

3.1.A - FDI inflowto GDP (2012-15)

3.1.B - FDI inwardstock to GDP

(2011-15)

3.1.C - FDI inflowas a percentage ofgross fixed capitalformation (2012-

14)

3.2.A -Procedures to

establish abusiness (2015)

3.2.B - Time toestablish a

business (2015)

3.2.C - Ease ofestablishing a

foreign business(2012)

Sco

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6 m

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1 l

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) Algeria - Openness to FDI

Algeria - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index

(2016)

4.2.A -Fixed line andmobile subscriptions per

capita (2015)

4.2.B - Percentage ofpeople using internet

(2015)

Sco

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6 m

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1 l

east

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)

Algeria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Algeria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



ARGENTINA

Overall, Argentina ranked 68th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Argentina performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Argentina scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Argentina scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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1 l

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op

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Argentina - Trade Openness

Argentina - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

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6 m

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1 l

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op

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)

Argentina - Trade Policy

Argentina - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Argentina's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Argentina achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and upper-middle openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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1 l

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op

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) Argentina - Openness to FDI

Argentina - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

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1 l

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)

Argentina - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Argentina - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



AUSTRALIA

Overall, Australia ranked 30th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Australia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Australia scored the lowest level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Australia scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Australia scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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1 l

east

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)

Australia - Trade Openness

Australia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

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6 m

os

t o

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1 l

east

op

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)

Australia - Trade Policy

Australia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Australia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Australia achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

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) Australia - Openness to FDI

Australia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

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6 m

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n;

1 l

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op

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)

Australia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Australia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



AUSTRIA

Overall, Austria ranked 19th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Austria performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Austria scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Austria scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

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6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Austria - Trade Openness

Austria - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

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6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Austria - Trade Policy

Austria - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Austria's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Austria achieved the highest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

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) Austria - Openness to FDI

Austria - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

4.1 - LogisticsPerformance Index (2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

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6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Austria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Austria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



BANGLADESH

Overall, Bangladesh ranked 70th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Bangladesh performed in the mid-range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed poorly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Bangladesh scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Bangladesh scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Bangladesh scored upper-middle openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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t o

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n;

1 l

east

op

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)

Bangladesh - Trade Openness

Bangladesh - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Bangladesh - Trade Policy

Bangladesh - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Bangladesh's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Bangladesh achieved a low level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored the lowest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Bangladesh - Openness to FDI

Bangladesh - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

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6 m

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1 l

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)

Bangladesh - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Bangladesh - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Average economy performance



BELGIUM

Overall, Belgium ranked 9th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Belgium performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Belgium scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, Belgium scored the highest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Belgium scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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t o

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n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Belgium - Trade Openness

Belgium - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

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6 m

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t o

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n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Belgium - Trade Policy

Belgium - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Belgium's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Belgium achieved the highest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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t o

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n;

1 l

east

op

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) Belgium - Openness to FDI

Belgium - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

4.1 - Logistics PerformanceIndex (2016)

4.2.A -Fixed line and mobilesubscriptions per capita

(2015)


(2015)

Sco

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6 m

os

t o

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n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Belgium - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Belgium - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



BRAZIL

Overall, Brazil ranked 69th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Brazil performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Brazil scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Brazil scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

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6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Brazil - Trade Openness

Brazil - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

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6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Brazil - Trade Policy

Brazil - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Brazil's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the lowest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Brazil achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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t o

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n;

1 l

east

op

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) Brazil - Openness to FDI

Brazil - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

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6 m

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t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Brazil - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Brazil - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



BULGARIA

Overall, Bulgaria ranked 38th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Bulgaria performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Bulgaria scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Bulgaria scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Bulgaria scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Bulgaria - Trade Openness

Bulgaria - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Bulgaria - Trade Policy

Bulgaria - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Bulgaria's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Bulgaria achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

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1 l

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) Bulgaria - Openness to FDI

Bulgaria - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)

4.2.B - Percentage of peopleusing internet (2015)

Sco

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)

Bulgaria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Bulgaria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



CANADA

Overall, Canada ranked 17th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Canada performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Canada scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Canada scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Canada scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Canada - Trade Openness

Canada - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

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6 m

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n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Canada - Trade Policy

Canada - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Canada's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Canada achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

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6 m

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1 l

east

op

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) Canada - Openness to FDI

Canada - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

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1 l

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)

Canada - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Canada - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



CHILE

Overall, Chile ranked 24th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Chile performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed strongly. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Chile scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Chile scored a high level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Chile - Trade Openness

Chile - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Chile - Trade Policy

Chile - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Chile's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Chile achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Chile - Openness to FDI

Chile - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Chile - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Chile - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



CHINA

Overall, China ranked 56th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), China performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, China scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, China scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, China scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

China - Trade Openness

China - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

China - Trade Policy

China - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. China's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. China achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, a low level of openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) China - Openness to FDI

China - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

China - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

China - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



CHINESE TAIPEI

Overall, Chinese Taipei ranked 23rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Chinese Taipei performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Chinese Taipei scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, merchandise and services imports per capita, and compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Chinese Taipei scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Chinese Taipei - Trade Openness

Chinese Taipei - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Chinese Taipei - Trade Policy

Chinese Taipei - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Chinese Taipei's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Chinese Taipei achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Chinese Taipei - Openness to FDI

Chinese Taipei - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Chinese Taipei - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Chinese Taipei - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




COLOMBIA

Overall, Colombia ranked 51st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Colombia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Colombia scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Colombia scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Colombia - Trade Openness

Colombia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Colombia - Trade Policy

Colombia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Colombia's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Colombia achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Colombia - Openness to FDI

Colombia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Colombia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Colombia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



CYPRUS

Overall, Cyprus ranked 44th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Cyprus performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly, and in Component 3 (Openness to FDI) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Cyprus scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Cyprus scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Cyprus scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Cyprus - Trade Openness

Cyprus - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Cyprus - Trade Policy

Cyprus - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Cyprus' performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Cyprus achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Cyprus - Openness to FDI

Cyprus - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Cyprus - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Cyprus - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



CZECH REPUBLIC

Overall, the Czech Republic ranked 14th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), the Czech Republic performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. The Czech Republic scored upper-middle openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Czech Republic scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1.1 - Trade to GDP ratio(2013-15)

1.2 - Merchandise andservices imports per

capita (2015)

1.3 - Compound growthof merchandise imports

(Vol.)(2005-15)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Czech Republic - Trade Openness

Czech Republic - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Czech Republic - Trade Policy

Czech Republic - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Czech Republic's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Czech Republic achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Czech Republic - Openness to FDI

Czech Republic - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Czech Republic - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Czech Republic - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




DENMARK

Overall, Denmark ranked 20th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Denmark performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Denmark scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Denmark scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Denmark - Trade Openness

Denmark - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Denmark - Trade Policy

Denmark - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Denmark's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Denmark achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Denmark - Openness to FDI

Denmark - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Denmark - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Denmark - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



EGYPT

Overall, Egypt ranked 60th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), (Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Egypt performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Egypt scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Egypt scored the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Egypt - Trade Openness

Egypt - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Egypt - Trade Policy

Egypt - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Egypt's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Egypt achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a low level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Egypt - Openness to FDI

Egypt - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Egypt - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Egypt - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



ESTONIA

Overall, Estonia ranked 15th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Estonia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Estonia scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, Estonia scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Estonia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Estonia - Trade Openness

Estonia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Estonia - Trade Policy

Estonia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Estonia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Estonia achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Estonia - Openness to FDI

Estonia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Estonia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Estonia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



ETHIOPIA

Overall, Ethiopia ranked 73rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 2 (Trade Policy), Ethiopia performed in the mid-range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed poorly, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed extremely poorly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Ethiopia scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored the highest level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Ethiopia scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a low level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ethiopia - Trade Openness

Ethiopia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ethiopia - Trade Policy

Ethiopia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Ethiopia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, and a low level of openness for both FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Ethiopia achieved the lowest level of openness in relation to the Logistics Performance Index, fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Ethiopia - Openness to FDI

Ethiopia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ethiopia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Ethiopia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



FINLAND

Overall, Finland ranked 29th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Finland performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Finland scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Finland scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Finland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Finland - Trade Openness

Finland - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Finland - Trade Policy

Finland - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Finland's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Finland achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Finland - Openness to FDI

Finland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Finland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Finland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



FRANCE

Overall, France ranked 35th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), France performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, France scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, France scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, France scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

France - Trade Openness

France - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

France - Trade Policy

France - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. France's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. France achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) France - Openness to FDI

France - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

France - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

France - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



GERMANY

Overall, Germany ranked 22nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Germany performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Germany scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Germany scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Germany scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Germany - Trade Openness

Germany - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Germany - Trade Policy

Germany - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Germany's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Germany achieved the highest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Germany - Openness to FDI

Germany - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Germany - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Germany - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



GREECE

Overall, Greece ranked 50th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Greece performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Greece scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, merchandise and services imports per capita, and compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Greece scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Greece - Trade Openness

Greece - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Greece - Trade Policy

Greece - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Greece's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Greece achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Greece - Openness to FDI

Greece - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Greece - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Greece - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



HONG KONG SAR

Overall, Hong Kong SAR ranked 2nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Hong Kong SAR performed strongly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed very strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Hong Kong SAR scored the highest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Hong Kong SAR scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(Vol.)(2005-15)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Hong Kong SAR - Trade Openness

Hong Kong SAR - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Hong Kong SAR - Trade Policy

Hong Kong SAR - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Hong Kong SAR's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Hong Kong SAR achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Hong Kong SAR - Openness to FDI

Hong Kong SAR - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Hong Kong SAR - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Hong Kong SAR - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




HUNGARY

Overall, Hungary ranked 13th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Hungary performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Hungary scored upper-middle openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Hungary scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Hungary - Trade Openness

Hungary - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Hungary - Trade Policy

Hungary - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Hungary's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the highest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Hungary achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Hungary - Openness to FDI

Hungary - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Hungary - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Hungary - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



ICELAND

Overall, Iceland ranked 10th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Iceland performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Iceland scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Iceland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Iceland - Trade Openness

Iceland - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Iceland - Trade Policy

Iceland - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Iceland's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a high level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Iceland achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Iceland - Openness to FDI

Iceland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Iceland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Iceland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



INDIA

Overall, India ranked 64th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), India performed in the mid-range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed poorly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, India scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, India scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, India scored the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and upper-middle openness both for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

India - Trade Openness

India - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

India - Trade Policy

India - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. India's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. India achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and a low level of openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) India - Openness to FDI

India - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

India - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

India - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



INDONESIA

Overall, Indonesia ranked 63rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Indonesia performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Indonesia scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Indonesia scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Indonesia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Indonesia - Trade Openness

Indonesia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Indonesia - Trade Policy

Indonesia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Indonesia's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the lowest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Indonesia achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a low level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Indonesia - Openness to FDI

Indonesia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Indonesia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Indonesia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



IRELAND

Overall, Ireland ranked 5th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 2 (Trade Policy), Ireland performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed very strongly, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Ireland scored a high level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Ireland scored the highest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Ireland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ireland - Trade Openness

Ireland - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ireland - Trade Policy

Ireland - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Ireland's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the highest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Ireland achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Ireland - Openness to FDI

Ireland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ireland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Ireland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



ISRAEL

Overall, Israel ranked 27th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Israel performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Israel scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Israel scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Israel - Trade Openness

Israel - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Israel - Trade Policy

Israel - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Israel's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Israel achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Israel - Openness to FDI

Israel - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Israel - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Israel - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



ITALY

Overall, Italy ranked 45th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Italy performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Italy scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, merchandise and services imports per capita, and compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Italy scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Italy - Trade Openness

Italy - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Italy - Trade Policy

Italy - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Italy's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Italy achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and upper-middle openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Italy - Openness to FDI

Italy - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Italy - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Italy - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



JAPAN

Overall, Japan ranked 37th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Japan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Japan scored the lowest level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Japan scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Japan scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Japan - Trade Openness

Japan - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Japan - Trade Policy

Japan - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Japan's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Japan achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Japan - Openness to FDI

Japan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Japan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Japan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



JORDAN

Overall, Jordan ranked 47th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Jordan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Jordan scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Jordan scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Jordan - Trade Openness

Jordan - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Jordan - Trade Policy

Jordan - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Jordan's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Jordan achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Jordan - Openness to FDI

Jordan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Jordan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Jordan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



KAZAKHSTAN

Overall, Kazakhstan ranked 55th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Kazakhstan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Kazakhstan scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Kazakhstan scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Kazakhstan scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the lowest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Kazakhstan - Trade Openness

Kazakhstan - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Kazakhstan - Trade Policy

Kazakhstan - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Kazakhstan's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Kazakhstan achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Kazakhstan - Openness to FDI

Kazakhstan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Kazakhstan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Kazakhstan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




KENYA

Overall, Kenya ranked 66th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Kenya performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Kenya scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Kenya scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Kenya scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Kenya - Trade Openness

Kenya - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Kenya - Trade Policy

Kenya - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Kenya's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Kenya achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, a low level of openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Kenya - Openness to FDI

Kenya - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Kenya - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Kenya - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Overall, Korea ranked 39th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Korea performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Korea scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Korea scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Korea scored the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Korea, Rep. - Trade Openness

Korea, Rep. - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Korea, Rep. - Trade Policy

Korea, Rep. - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Korea's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Korea achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Korea, Rep. - Openness to FDI

Korea, Rep. - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Korea, Rep. - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Korea, Rep. - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




LATVIA

Overall, Latvia ranked 25th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Latvia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Latvia scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Latvia scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Latvia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Latvia - Trade Openness

Latvia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Latvia - Trade Policy

Latvia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Latvia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Latvia achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Latvia - Openness to FDI

Latvia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Latvia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Latvia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



LITHUANIA

Overall, Lithuania ranked 16th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Lithuania performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Lithuania scored upper-middle openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Lithuania scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Lithuania - Trade Openness

Lithuania - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Lithuania - Trade Policy

Lithuania - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Lithuania's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Lithuania achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Lithuania - Openness to FDI

Lithuania - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Lithuania - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Lithuania - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



LUXEMBOURG

Overall, Luxembourg ranked 3rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Luxembourg performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Luxembourg scored the highest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Luxembourg scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Luxembourg - Trade Openness

Luxembourg - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Luxembourg - Trade Policy

Luxembourg - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Luxembourg's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the highest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Luxembourg achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Luxembourg - Openness to FDI

Luxembourg - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Luxembourg - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Luxembourg - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




MALAYSIA

Overall, Malaysia ranked 31st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Malaysia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Malaysia scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, Malaysia scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Malaysia scored the highest level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Malaysia - Trade Openness

Malaysia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Malaysia - Trade Policy

Malaysia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Malaysia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Malaysia achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Malaysia - Openness to FDI

Malaysia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Malaysia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Malaysia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



MALTA

Overall, Malta ranked 7th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Malta performed strongly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Malta scored the highest level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Malta scored a high level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Malta scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Malta - Trade Openness

Malta - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Malta - Trade Policy

Malta - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Malta's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the highest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Malta achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Malta - Openness to FDI

Malta - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Malta - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Malta - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



MEXICO

Overall, Mexico ranked 46th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Mexico performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Mexico scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Mexico scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Mexico scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Mexico - Trade Openness

Mexico - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Mexico - Trade Policy

Mexico - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Mexico's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Mexico achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, a low level of openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Mexico - Openness to FDI

Mexico - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Mexico - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Mexico - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



MOROCCO

Overall, Morocco ranked 54th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Morocco performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Morocco scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Morocco scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Morocco scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Morocco - Trade Openness

Morocco - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Morocco - Trade Policy

Morocco - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Morocco's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Morocco achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Morocco - Openness to FDI

Morocco - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Morocco - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Morocco - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



THE NETHERLANDS

Overall, the Netherlands ranked 4th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), the Netherlands performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the Netherlands scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, the Netherlands scored the highest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Netherlands scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Netherlands - Trade Openness

Netherlands - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Netherlands - Trade Policy

Netherlands - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Netherlands' performance across this component included a high level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a high level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Netherlands achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Netherlands - Openness to FDI

Netherlands - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Netherlands - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Netherlands - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




NEW ZEALAND

Overall, New Zealand ranked 21st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), New Zealand performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. New Zealand scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, New Zealand scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and a high level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)

1.3 - Compoundgrowth of merchandiseimports (Vol.)(2005-15)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

New Zealand - Trade Openness

New Zealand - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

New Zealand - Trade Policy

New Zealand - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. New Zealand's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. New Zealand achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) New Zealand - Openness to FDI

New Zealand - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

New Zealand - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

New Zealand - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




NIGERIA

Overall, Nigeria ranked 71st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Nigeria performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Nigeria scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Nigeria scored upper-middle openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Nigeria - Trade Openness

Nigeria - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Nigeria - Trade Policy

Nigeria - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Nigeria's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Nigeria achieved a low level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Nigeria - Openness to FDI

Nigeria - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Nigeria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Nigeria - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



NORWAY

Overall, Norway ranked 11th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Norway performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Norway scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Norway scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Norway scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Norway - Trade Openness

Norway - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Norway - Trade Policy

Norway - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Norway's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Norway achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Norway - Openness to FDI

Norway - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Norway - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Norway - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



PAKISTAN

Overall, Pakistan ranked 72nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Pakistan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Pakistan scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Pakistan scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Pakistan - Trade Openness

Pakistan - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Pakistan - Trade Policy

Pakistan - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Pakistan's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Pakistan achieved a low level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored the lowest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Pakistan - Openness to FDI

Pakistan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Pakistan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Pakistan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



PERU

Overall, Peru ranked 34th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Peru performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Peru scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Peru scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Peru scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Peru - Trade Openness

Peru - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Peru - Trade Policy

Peru - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Peru's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Peru achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Peru - Openness to FDI

Peru - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Peru - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Peru - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



PHILIPPINES

Overall, the Philippines ranked 62nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), the Philippines performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the Philippines scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, the Philippines scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Philippines scored a high level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Philippines - Trade Openness

Philippines - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Philippines - Trade Policy

Philippines - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Philippines' performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Philippines achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Philippines - Openness to FDI

Philippines - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Philippines - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Philippines - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



POLAND

Overall, Poland ranked 32nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Poland performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Poland scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Poland scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Poland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Poland - Trade Openness

Poland - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Poland - Trade Policy

Poland - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Poland's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Poland achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Poland - Openness to FDI

Poland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Poland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Poland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



PORTUGAL

Overall, Portugal ranked 36th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Portugal performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Portugal scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Portugal scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Portugal - Trade Openness

Portugal - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Portugal - Trade Policy

Portugal - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Portugal's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Portugal achieved upper-middle openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Portugal - Openness to FDI

Portugal - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Portugal - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Portugal - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



ROMANIA

Overall, Romania ranked 43rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Romania performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Romania scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Romania scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Romania scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Romania - Trade Openness

Romania - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Romania - Trade Policy

Romania - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Romania's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Romania achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Romania - Openness to FDI

Romania - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Romania - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Romania - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Overall, the Russian Federation ranked 58th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), the Russian Federation performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the Russian Federation scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, the Russian Federation scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Russian Federation scored a high level of openness

0123456



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Russian Federation - Trade Openness

Russian Federation - Trade Openness


0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Russian Federation - Trade Policy

Russian Federation - Trade Policy Average economy performance



for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.

Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Russian Federation's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Russian Federation achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Russian Federation - Openness to FDI

Russian Federation - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Russian Federation - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Russian Federation - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




SAUDI ARABIA

Overall, Saudi Arabia ranked 41st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Saudi Arabia performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed poorly, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Saudi Arabia scored a low level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Saudi Arabia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(Vol.)(2005-15)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Saudi Arabia - Trade Openness

Saudi Arabia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Saudi Arabia - Trade Policy

Saudi Arabia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Saudi Arabia's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Saudi Arabia achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and upper-middle openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Saudi Arabia - Openness to FDI

Saudi Arabia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Saudi Arabia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Saudi Arabia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




SINGAPORE

Overall, Singapore ranked 1st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Singapore performed very strongly. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Singapore scored the highest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Singapore scored the highest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Singapore - Trade Openness

Singapore - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Singapore - Trade Policy

Singapore - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Singapore's performance across this component included the highest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Singapore achieved the highest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Singapore - Openness to FDI

Singapore - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Singapore - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Singapore - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Overall, the Slovak Republic ranked 12th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), the Slovak Republic performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. The Slovak Republic scored a high level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the Slovak Republic scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)

1.3 - Compound growth ofmerchandise imports

(Vol.)(2005-15)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Slovak Republic - Trade Openness

Slovak Republic - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Slovak Republic - Trade Policy

Slovak Republic - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The Slovak Republic's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The Slovak Republic achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Slovak Republic - Openness to FDI

Slovak Republic - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Slovak Republic - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Slovak Republic - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




SLOVENIA

Overall, Slovenia ranked 26th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Slovenia performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Slovenia scored upper-middle openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It also scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Slovenia scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Slovenia - Trade Openness

Slovenia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Slovenia - Trade Policy

Slovenia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Slovenia's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Slovenia achieved mid-level openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita. It also scored a high level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Slovenia - Openness to FDI

Slovenia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Slovenia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Slovenia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



SOUTH AFRICA

Overall, South Africa ranked 49th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), South Africa performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, South Africa scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, South Africa scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, South Africa scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

South Africa - Trade Openness

South Africa - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

South Africa - Trade Policy

South Africa - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. South Africa's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. South Africa achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) South Africa - Openness to FDI

South Africa - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

South Africa - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

South Africa - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




SPAIN

Overall, Spain ranked 42nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Spain performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Spain scored a low level of openness in relation to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Spain scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Spain - Trade Openness

Spain - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Spain - Trade Policy

Spain - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Spain's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Spain achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Spain - Openness to FDI

Spain - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Spain - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Spain - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



SRI LANKA

Overall, Sri Lanka ranked 59th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Sri Lanka performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Sri Lanka scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Sri Lanka scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Sri Lanka scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sri Lanka - Trade Openness

Sri Lanka - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sri Lanka - Trade Policy

Sri Lanka - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Sri Lanka's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Sri Lanka achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and a low level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Sri Lanka - Openness to FDI

Sri Lanka - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sri Lanka - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Sri Lanka - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



SUDAN

Overall, Sudan ranked 74th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Sudan performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Sudan scored the lowest level of openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio, and for merchandise and services imports per capita. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Sudan scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and the lowest level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sudan - Trade Openness

Sudan - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sudan - Trade Policy

Sudan - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Sudan's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, and mid-level openness for both FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Sudan achieved the lowest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and a low level of openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Sudan - Openness to FDI

Sudan - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sudan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Sudan - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



SWEDEN

Overall, Sweden ranked 18th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Sweden performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Sweden scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Sweden scored upper-middle openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Sweden scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sweden - Trade Openness

Sweden - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sweden - Trade Policy

Sweden - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Sweden's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Sweden achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Sweden - Openness to FDI

Sweden - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Sweden - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Sweden - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



SWITZERLAND

Overall, Switzerland ranked 6th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Switzerland performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Switzerland scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Switzerland scored the highest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Switzerland scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored upper-middle openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Switzerland - Trade Openness

Switzerland - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Switzerland - Trade Policy

Switzerland - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Switzerland's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Switzerland achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Switzerland - Openness to FDI

Switzerland - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Switzerland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Switzerland - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



THAILAND

Overall, Thailand ranked 48th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Thailand performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Thailand scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Thailand scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Thailand scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Thailand - Trade Openness

Thailand - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Thailand - Trade Policy

Thailand - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Thailand's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Thailand achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Thailand - Openness to FDI

Thailand - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Thailand - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Thailand - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



TUNISIA

Overall, Tunisia ranked 61st out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Tunisia performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. Tunisia scored mid-level openness in relation to trade to GDP ratio and for compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume). It scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita.

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Tunisia scored a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and a high level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Tunisia - Trade Openness

Tunisia - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Tunisia - Trade Policy

Tunisia - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Tunisia's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Tunisia achieved the lowest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Tunisia - Openness to FDI

Tunisia - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Tunisia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Tunisia - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



TURKEY

Overall, Turkey ranked 53rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Turkey performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the upper-middle range. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Turkey scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Turkey scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Turkey scored the lowest level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and a high level of openness both for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Turkey - Trade Openness

Turkey - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Turkey - Trade Policy

Turkey - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Turkey's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Turkey achieved upper-middle openness in the Logistics Performance Index, a low level of openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Turkey - Openness to FDI

Turkey - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Turkey - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Turkey - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



UGANDA

Overall, Uganda ranked 65th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Uganda performed in the mid-range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed poorly.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Uganda scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Uganda scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Uganda scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the lowest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Uganda - Trade Openness

Uganda - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Uganda - Trade Policy

Uganda - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Uganda's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, and mid-level openness for both FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Uganda achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and the lowest level of openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Uganda - Openness to FDI

Uganda - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Uganda - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Uganda - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



UKRAINE

Overall, Ukraine ranked 57th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Ukraine performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range, and in the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Ukraine scored mid-level openness. In the second and third indicators, Ukraine scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Ukraine scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored mid-level openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ukraine - Trade Openness

Ukraine - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ukraine - Trade Policy

Ukraine - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Ukraine's performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and upper-middle openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Ukraine achieved a low level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and mid-level openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Ukraine - Openness to FDI

Ukraine - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Ukraine - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Ukraine - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Overall, the United Arab Emirates ranked 8th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), the United Arab Emirates performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the United Arab Emirates scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, the United Arab Emirates scored a high level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the United Arab Emirates scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0123456



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United Arab Emirates - Trade Openness

United Arab Emirates - Trade Openness


0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United Arab Emirates - Trade Policy

United Arab Emirates - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The United Arab Emirates' performance across this component included mid-level openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The United Arab Emirates achieved a high level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) United Arab Emirates - Openness to FDI

United Arab Emirates - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United Arab Emirates - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

United Arab Emirates - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




UNITED KINGDOM

Overall, the United Kingdom ranked 28th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), the United Kingdom performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed strongly. In Component 3 (Openness to FDI), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the United Kingdom scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, the United Kingdom scored mid-level openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and also in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the United Kingdom scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



capita (2015)


(Vol.)(2005-15)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United Kingdom - Trade Openness

United Kingdom - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United Kingdom - Trade Policy

United Kingdom - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The United Kingdom's performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, mid-level openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The United Kingdom achieved the highest level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored upper-middle openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) United Kingdom - Openness to FDI

United Kingdom - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United Kingdom - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

United Kingdom - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




UNITED STATES

Overall, the United States ranked 40th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), the United States performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, the United States scored the lowest level of openness. In the second and third indicators, the United States scored a low level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, the United States scored a high level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United States - Trade Openness

United States - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United States - Trade Policy

United States - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. The United States' performance across this component included a low level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the highest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. The United States achieved a high level of openness both in the Logistics Performance Index, and in relation to the percentage of people using the internet. It also scored mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) United States - Openness to FDI

United States - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0123456


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

United States - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

United States - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure




URUGUAY

Overall, Uruguay ranked 52nd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Uruguay performed in the mid-range. In Component 2 (Trade Policy), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), it performed in the upper-middle range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Uruguay scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Uruguay scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and a high level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Uruguay scored upper-middle openness both for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and in relation to the cost of importing. It also scored mid-level openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Uruguay - Trade Openness

Uruguay - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Uruguay - Trade Policy

Uruguay - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Uruguay's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and a high level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Uruguay achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, and upper-middle openness both in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Uruguay - Openness to FDI

Uruguay - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Uruguay - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Uruguay - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



VENEZUELA

Overall, Venezuela ranked 75th out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 3 (Openness to FDI), and Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure), Venezuela performed poorly. In Component 2 (Trade Policy) it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Venezuela scored a low level of openness. In the second and third indicators, Venezuela scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and mid-level openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Venezuela scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, a low level of openness for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products, and the lowest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Venezuela - Trade Openness

Venezuela - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Venezuela - Trade Policy

Venezuela - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Venezuela's performance across this component included the lowest level of openness for FDI inflow to GDP, a low level of openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and the lowest level of openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Venezuela achieved the lowest level of openness in the Logistics Performance Index, mid-level openness in relation to fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and upper-middle openness in relation to the percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Venezuela - Openness to FDI

Venezuela - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


(2016)


capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Venezuela - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Venezuela - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance



VIETNAM

Overall, Vietnam ranked 33rd out of 75 economies in ICC's Open Markets Index 2017.

In relation to Component 1 (Trade Openness), Component 2 (Trade Policy), and Component 3 (Openness to FDI), Vietnam performed in the upper-middle range. In the final Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) it performed in the mid-range.


Component 1 (Trade Openness) contains three indicators. In the first indicator, trade to GDP ratio, Vietnam scored upper-middle openness. In the second and third indicators, Vietnam scored the lowest level of openness in relation to merchandise and services imports per capita, and the highest level of openness in relation to compound growth of merchandise imports (by volume).

Component 2 (Trade Policy) contains 11 indicators relating to tariffs, anti-dumping and border administration. Most notably, Vietnam scored upper-middle openness for applied MFN tariffs for agricultural products, and for applied MFN tariffs for non-agricultural products. It also scored the highest level of openness relating to the cost of importing.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



per capita (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Vietnam - Trade Openness

Vietnam - Trade Openness Average economy performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





2.1.C -Effectively



coverage (2015)



(2015)


(2013-15)


applied (2013-15)


imports (2015)


import (2015)


Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

)

Vietnam - Trade Policy

Vietnam - Trade Policy Average economy performance



Component 3 (Openness to FDI) contains six indicators relating to the ease of starting a business and the flow/stock of FDI in relation to GDP. Vietnam's performance across this component included upper-middle openness for FDI inflow to GDP, upper-middle openness for FDI inflow as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation, and mid-level openness in relation to the number of days to establish a business.

Component 4 (Trade-Enabling Infrastructure) contains three indicators relating to logistics performance and telecommunications access. Vietnam achieved mid-level openness in the Logistics Performance Index, fixed line and mobile subscriptions per capita, and in relation to percentage of people using the internet.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6



(2011-15)


14)




business (2015)



Sco

re (

6 m

os

t o

pe

n;

1 l

east

op

en

) Vietnam - Openness to FDI

Vietnam - Openness to FDI Average economy performance

0

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capita (2015)


(2015)

Sco

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6 m

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east

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)

Vietnam - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure

Vietnam - Trade-Enabling Infrastructure Average economy performance

About The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is the world’s largest business organization with a network of over 6 million members in more than 100 countries. We work to promote international trade, responsible business conduct and a global approach to regulation through a unique mix of advocacy and standard setting activities — together with market-leading dispute resolution services. Our members include many of the world’s largest companies, SMEs, business associations and local chambers of commerce.

www.iccwbo.org@iccwbo

ICC World Trade Agenda The ICC World Trade Agenda is an initiative to enable global business leaders define multilateral trade negotiation priorities and to help governments set a trade and investment policy agenda for the 21st century that contributes to sustainable economic growth and job creation. The initiative actively promotes a robust post-Nairobi trade and investment policy agenda in relevant forums, including the Business 20 and G20 discussions, and in particular at the WTO in the lead-up to and during its next Ministerial Conference.

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EDITION 2017 ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX · ICC OPEN MARKETS INDEX | 4TH EDITION 2017 ECONOMY PROFILES 1...

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